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Home , Alwar State, Baluchistan Agency, Banda (state), Baraundha, Bhopal State, Chamba State

tHE INDIAN S':fATES AND ; B.1 JIM S4Jll6 A.lhor_; TUlWOIL AND TRAGEDY IN :•1914 AND AFI'Elt.. (1M'ff~Us) · THE VZ..'l>EllWORLD OF. :J!miA. tJDrtUs) THE • LURE OF THE INDUS. tJDrtUs) THE ARMIES OF INDIA. (4. 1!1 C. Bl.d) . • PIKE AND CAIUlONADE. {Stories of FI'OIIltim.). {Ji-. ~ f!l&oa) - . THE omCIAL HISTOllY OF THE WORLD WAll. EGYPT Al\"D PA.LESTINEt_ 1914-17. (B.Jf. ~ O.Jiu) . . · · A Flli£I.ANCE IN (A ltommce.) (1a ll..,.9) • BE.Blli."D THE SCEllo'ES m: MANY WARS. . a-Jl-'9) THE AIWY. (we and Wodt Scriee.) (Gf#9 Bks) ,:: FllQ.M ,DAlliUS TO AMANULLAB. (G. Ul f!l .S..) THE INDIAN MOTlNY IN. PERSPECTIVE. (G. Ul f!IS..U) , . • GUSTAVUS A.DOLPHUS: THE NOllTHEll.'i HUlUUCANE. (BNMI (!J S..l'*") . ·.THE. JaNG•s PAWNS. (Stories of the World W;u.) (Sht.Ut. Prar) · THE :ROMANCE OF THE INDIAN FllONTIERS. c:J-t1- CIIJII) THE B.EUGIOUS AND lUDDEN CULTS OF INDIA. (S...,..c-). VIGNETTES FROM INDIAN WARS. (S..,.. .r-) ' • THE .NAllTIAL. llCES OF INDIA. (~.C..) IaPUNG•s WOMEN. (~I-) . . . . E-n:. ••· , • A . • I.AJ rtfl 'P£RTA I3 ' ( RA J A H SI R PERTAB f N .H) AS F T H E D1PE HI AL AOET RPS THE_IND!AJ.~ STATES AND PRINCES

BJ Lieut.-General SIR GEORGE ·:M.icMlJNN lko ' ~ .. . K.C.B.; K.C.S.L, D.S.O.:.. • . . • . . .

JARROLDS Pllh/ishtr.r ~ND~N UmiltJ. 34 Patrrnosltr Row. E.C-4 W:OoaXXVI llade and Prillted Ia Great Britala at 7'~ JI~V~lf- PriU, Pl~ll. WIWaallkealdGD II Boa. Ltd. "' J!)36 AUTIIOR'S PREFACE

ARLY in 1934 I had signed an agr. eement with my Publisher to write a book entitled T1ze Princes of EIndia, and when that was half written Sir 'Villiam Barton published his delightful and infomtive book under the same nan:ie. . ,. I have therefore held back this half till the passing of the India Act had brought the story up to a later date, and could re-arrange my own book on somewhat different lines. All that Sir 'Villiam has said about his experience in many states, and his Personal acquaintance with many chiefs I heartily endorse, and I have entered somewhat more fully than he on the history of the .weaving of the pattern of India from which the whole position to-Wiy depends and from which it is inseparable. The passing of the New India Act, which has yet to ~ accepted by the Princes in"" sufficient numbers to enable it to germinate, shows the new pattern which it is designed to evolve, as the coping stone of the century and a half of rebuilding the material of the Turkish Empire that crashed and brought such disaster to the millions of India.. It is now possible to include the latest drafts of the which the Princes Will be asked to sign, as modified in accordance with Sir Samuel Hoare's promises in answer to the 'demur' of 1935, a disagreement which as he said had little in it but points of drafting, and in which the vexed matter of paramountcy did not arise. In the matter of spelling of names and places I have kept · in the historical pages to our old English way as home on the war medals and the colours of victory. In writing of modem days I have changed to the method used by the . GEORGE 1\IAcl\IUNN.

5 CONTENTS

P4GB AUmOR'S PREFACE • 5

BOOK I •. THE WEAVING OF THE PATTERN OF BRITIS1f INDIA

CHAPTER I THE PRINCES IN OUTLINE IS The Ruling Princes of India. The Overlords of India through the Ages. The Various Types of States. First Contacts with the British. The Princes, Viceroy, and Crown.

CHAPTER II

1im RisiNG AND FADING OP mB MoGUL STAR . 26 The Struggles in the Deccan. The Rise of the Mogul, The • • Mahratta Canker. The Empire after Alamgir. The Dry-rot in the Peacock Throne.

CHAPTER III

NI.ZAM AND MOGUL, 1\i.AHRATTA AND AFGHAN • 37 The Rise of the Nizam-ul-Mulk, Azaf Jab. The Nizam and the Sayyads. The Development of the Mahratta Confederacy. The Coming of Nadir Kuli (1738). The Mahrattas, the Mogul and the Mghan. The Destruction of the Mahratta Host by the MgbanS, 1761. ·

CHAPTER IV

THB BRITISH, THE NIZAM, AND THE MAlmATTAS 53 The State of India after Panipat. The Nizam, the British, and . The First British Contacts with the Mahrattas. The Second Mahrat~ War, 18oJ-18o4. The Third Mahratta War, I8o4-I8o5. CHAPTER V

RAJASTHAN AND THE RAJPOT CHIEFS The Chiefs and the Mahrattas. Who are the 1 The RaJputs and the Hindu Social System. . The Rajputs States to the Fall of the Moguls. The Sacas of Chitoor. The Second Saca. The Third Saca. Some Rajput Sagas. Rescued • b;r the British from the Mahrattas. 7 8 CONTENTS

CHAPTER VI r.t.GS THB WEAVING OF THB PATTERN 93 The and Nepal, x8o5-x8x6. The Fourth Mahratta­ cum- War, 1817-I8Ig'. Origin of the ' Mediatised States.' The Weaving of the Pattern and the British Peace. The~orming of Bhurtpore, 1926. The Mghan -Making, ·. x839-184I. The Kabul Debacle, 1842. The Annexation of Sind, 1843· - CHAPTER VII THB , .lusmm, AND 0UDH • • ug - The Political Situation in Northern India in the Forties. The Debacle in 1843· The Troubles in Southern Mahratta· land in 1844.- Rise of the Sikh Kingdom. The Protected Sikh States.· The First Sikh War and the attempt to Maintain a Sikh Kingdom. The Establishment of the Kingdom of Kash-­ . The Second Sikh War and the Annexation of the Punjab. The Situation in the Punjab in 18,7. The Kingdom of Oudh • . Lord Da!Jlousie's Annexation Policy.

BOOK II

THE MUTINY TO THE WORLD ~AR • CHAPTER ·VIII.. THB ~RINCES AND STATES IN !857 • • 141 India and the Princes' States immediately before the Mutiny. The Behaviour of the Princes in 1857· The Actual Effect of the Mutiny of the Army. Sindhia and . The Attitude of the Punjab States. The Example of . The Action of Nepal.

CHAPTER IX THB PRINCES UNDER THB CROWN (1859-1919) • • , 156 The Princes under the Crown. The Mogul, the' Crown, and Paramountcy. Lord Reading on Supremacy. The Machinery that deals with the Princes. Difficulties of the Past. The New Deal. CHAPTER X THB FoRCES MAINTAINED BY THB PRINCES • J76 The Old Story of, the State Forces. The Contingents. The Imperial Service Troops. The Peculiar Conditions of Kash- • mir. J)efence Liability under a Federation. The Princes in the World War. • · CONTENTS 9

BOOK lll THE PRINCES IN MODERN INDIA CHAPTER XI .,..,.. THE MODERN STATES • _.,) • 195 General conditions. The Five Great States. The 1\.fahratta States. The Rajput States. The Punjab States. Moslem States. The Development of New States. Nepal and Mghani- stan. . CHAPTER m

PluNCES' INDIA ON THE EVE OP FEDEBATION • 221 The States as Grouped to-day. The Real Princes. The Chamber of Princes. Modem Problems. The Princes and the Congress.

CHAPTER XIIl • I

FJWM RouND TABLE TO FEDEBATION • 240 The F"u:st Round Table. The 1\.feaning of Federal Govern­ ment in India. The Princes' Attitude generally. The Demur of 1935· The Draft Instrument of Accession (Special White Paper of 1935). CHAPTER XIV

THE PluNCES AND T'BElll FU'1111lE IN THE NEW PATI'ERN • 252 Federation. Representation in the Federal Assembly. P068ible Troubles Ahead. The Princes of the Future. The Outstanding Importance of the British Ccown. The Fair Horizon.

~"DIX I TBI PmNas' StATES AS GROUPED • • 265

APPE:l\"DIX ll

ErrB.Acrs PJWM THE WBITB PAPER OF 1\.luCH, 1935· Pl:Jm.JsB:ED An:E1. THE P:mras' DDWR • _• • • • • 275

~"DIX III

Enucrs PJWM THE D1W'T ~"'T OP INSTRUCTIONS TO Gov!lui

PlmTAB ' (RAJAH SIR PlmTAB SINGH) AS CoLONEL OP TUB IMPERIAL CADET CoRPS • • Frtntlilpilc. •ACllfO ....o. l'Jm ANCIENT HINDU 'I'IM:PLI OP SOMNATB IN }UNAGAD STA'm • 16 lNCII!.NT INDIA. GATEWAY AT UPARKAT. }UNAGAD STATE, KATBIAWAR • • ~ • 17 'AIN TEMPLES IN p ALITANA, TOPUB: STATE, lNCIENT HINDU TEMPLE AT (BARODA), ON THE \VEST CoAST OJ INDIA 23 l'Jm FoRTRESS OP DAULATABAD 32 l'BI ROCK OP GwALIOR • 33 IYDERABAD. THE CHAR MINAR IN THE CITY (THE 'FoUR MINARETS ') 46 IYDERABAD. THE NIZAM's LAW CoURTS • 47 l'BI ToMB OP VIZIER BAH-UD-DIN BHAR IN }UNAGAD, 66

lOCKY PEAKs IN }UNAGAD1 K.ATHIAWAR • 67 lR.m RAJPUTANA. THE SARBARMATI VALI..EY FROM ABu 86 l'Jm R1w. INDIA. A GATEWAY IN AJMERE, RAJpUTANA 87 I.H. THB OJ BABAWALPUR • • 104 N 1 R..\NJI'S' }AMNAGAR , , 105 ...AD NAKHI, MoUNT ABu, RAJPUTANA • • 1a:a ~JEUT.-GENEBA.L SIR BBUPINDRA SINGH, M.uwt.\JAH OF PATL\LA 123 lNCIENT CANNON IN THB }AT STATB OF DHOLPUR • • 142 ~ FORT IN Till DECCAN, RELIC OF OLD PAR-QFP DAYS BEFORE Till BRITISH I PEACH • • 143 l'Jm MAHARAJAH OF BIKANIR • • 16o l'BI GUNGA RtssAu (BIL\NIR CAMEL CoRPS) , • 161 l'Jm ' LANCER , • 180

:MPERIAL SERVICB 'TllOOPS1 1912 (AT TUB TIMB OP KING GEORGE'S CoRONATION) • , • , , • • • • 181 ~YING SALT IN MITHAPUR, IN KATHIAWAR • • 198 :I.H. THB GAIK.WAR OJ BARODA • 199 ~RUIT PACKERS IN KATBIAWAR • 218

l'HE PARTAB VILLAS PALACB IN }AMNAGAR STATB1 KATHIAWAR • :u9 \N INDIAN STAn's LEAD IN SciENCE • 236 • ti.H. THB MAHARAJAH Hoi.Jwt OF • 237 I'HB PoRT OF VERAvAL, }UNACAD STATB • • 256 I'HB PoRT OP VERAvAL, }UNACAD STATE (WEST CoAST OP INDIA) 257

ll BOOK I THE WEAVING OF THE PATTERN OF BRITISH INDIA

CIIAPTER I. THE PRINCES IN OUTLINE CHAPTER II. THE RisiNG AND FADING OP THB MoGUL ~TAR CIIAPTER III. NIZAM AND MoGUL, MAIIRATTA AND AFGHAN CIIAPTER IV. THE BRITISH, THB NIZAM, AND THB MAimATTA CIIAPTER v. AND THB RAJPUT STATES CHAPTER VI. THE WEAVING OP THB PATI'ERN CHAPTER VII. THE PuN]AB, KAsHMIR, AND OtmH ·APPENDIX I THE PRINCES 1 STATES AS, GROUPED SHOWING DISTRIBUTION BY AGENCIES WITH PARTICULARS OF AREA, . PoPULATioN, REVENUE, &c. IN. 1933 •INDEX TO THE STATES (The References are to the classes in the Appendix.) Ajaigarh • • III I4 Gangpur , V 7 • Ill 23 . Akalkot • IV 8 · Gonda! • XI IO Nandgaon . Vu Ali III 27 Gwalior • I 5 Narsingarh • III zx , X n Hyderabad • .. I I Nawanagar XI4 Aundh • IV 7 ldar • XI 2 Nayagarh VIS Bahawalpur IX 2 Indore · • Ill I • 1114 Balasinor VI 8 • ; X 2 Palanpur • Xx8 Bamra • , V 14 Jaisalmer • XI IO Palitana • Xlu Banganapalle . , VII 4 Jamkhandi . . IV I4 Panna • III IZ Bansda • VI 4 and Kashmir I 4 Partabgarh . • Xx6 Banswara. • X I7 Janjira • IV 2 • lXI Baoni . III I6 Jaora • III xo Patna • Vz • III 22 Jashpur • V II Phaltan • • IV9 Baria • VI 6 Jath ·• IV IO Porbandar Xl6 Baroda • I 3 . • VI n Pudukkottai VII3 Barwani • • III 26 . III 2S Radhanpur XIS Bashahr XIV I X I9 Raigarh • • V9 Bastar V 3 Jind • • IX 4 Rajgarh • III 20 Baud V x8 Jodhpur ' • • X 3 Rajkot • XI lS Benares • XV 2 • XI 3 Rajpipla • VII Bharatpur • X 9 Kalahandi • • V 4 .. IV I6 · Bha-Jnagar • XI S Kalat • II I Rampur .• • XVI • • III 2 Kanker V 17 Ratlam • • III II • IV 6 Kapurthala , IX 6 • III 3 I 6 Karauli X 7 Sachin .• • VI xo Bijawar • , • III IS Keonjhar • V 6 Sailana • III I9 • X s Khairagarh • • V I3 Samthar • • III 9 Bilaspur • IX 9 Khairpur IX 3 Sandur • • VIIs Bundi • X 4 III :z8 IVs Cambay . VI 2 Kishengarh • • X 8 Sant , • VI9 Chamba • • IX 12 Kilhapur • IV I Sarangarh • VI9 . Charkhari • III 13 Korea • V :zo • • IV II Chhatarpur • III I7 Kotah • • • X 6 Sawantwadi IV3 Chhota Udepur VIs , Senior IV IS Seraikela Vx6 • VIII 1 Kurundwad, Junior IV 17 Shahpura Xzo Cochin • • VII :a Las Bela • II 2 Sikkim • • I 7 Cooch Behar • XIII 1 Limbdi • XI 14 Sirmur • IX7 Cutch • XI 1 . • IX q. , , X14 Danta • X :n Lunawada , • VI 7 Sitamau • III I8 Datia • • III s , • • • III 24 Sonpur • • VIo , Senior. III 7 Maler Kotla. • IX ro Suket • IX 13 Dewas, Junior • III 8 Mandi , IX 8 Surguja • • Vs • III 6 • • XIII Tehri~Garhwal XV3 Dharampur VI 3 Mayurbhanj • .. V r. Tonk • ' Xu Dhenkanal" • V 8 , Senior IV u VII 1 • Dholpur • X 13 Miraj, Junior . • IV I3 , • XIII2 • XI 7 Morvi • • " XI 9 • • XI Dhrol • XI 13 Mudhol IV 4 Wadhwan XI 16 Dungarpur X IS Mysore • I :z Wankaner •. XI II Faridkot • , IX n Nabha • IX !i . STATEMENT SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF INDIAN STATES, WITH PARTICULARS AS TO

AREA, POPULATION, REVENUE, &c. d • (Contractions: A.G.G• ....::Agent to the Govemor-~eral;. P.A.==P~Iitical Agent.) . Area in • Approx. Salute . Na~ofState Squ4re Population Revenus in of Ruler .of Ruler, Designation of Local . Mile1 in 1031 Lakhl ·in' Gum Political Officer ' . I.-STATES JN IMMBDIATB POLITICAL RELATIONS WITH THB GoVJmNMBNT OF INDIA • ./ ./ I. Hyderabad • 82,6981 14,436,1481 837'75 Nizam • 21 Resident at Hyderabad• ·a. Mysore. 29,475 6,ss?,302 358•34 21 Resident in Mysore. . / 3• Baroda. 8,135 2,443,007 249 Maharaja ax A.G.G., Statea, and Resident at Baroda. ,;· 4· Jammu and Kashmir . 8s,88s 3.6.. 6,243 250 Maharaj~ 21 Resident in Kashmir. .1 $· GwaUor 26,383 31523,070 241'79 Maharaja 21 Resident at Gwalior. 6. Bhutan . 18,ooo 300,000 Perhaps Maharaja IS Political Officer in Sikkim. about4 • 1-4 7· Sikkim. z,8t8 109,8oS Maharaja s·xo IS 1' Do. ·do.

. . . • . 1 Excluding Berar. . · ; -· I • / II.-STATES INCLUDED IN THE UNDER Tim A.G.G. IN BALUCHISTAN. •; V"' J , Kalat . ?3,278 342,101 l$'10 . 19 P.A. in Kalat and P .A. in charge of the Bolan Paaa and of the . a. Laa Bela 7.132 63,008 3'-" J~ . ,. . Do. do. III.-5TATBS FORMING THB AGENCY UNDBR THE A.G.G. IN CENTRAL INDIA • A.G.G. in Central India. 1 318 217 136 , Maharaja I9 ./ .r. Indore • 9.570 1 7 (21 local) P .A. in Bhopal. 6,902 ~?29,95S 62·1 Nawab. ' 19 ./ 2. Bhopal • .. (2rlocal) Maharaja 17 A.G.G. in Central India • V3· Rewa • • lr3,ooo r,s87.44S 6o , • :z,ci8o 314,661 Io·s . Maharaja IS P.A. in • 4· Orchha Do. do. S· Datia . . . 9II .r58,834 I6 Maharaja IS 243.430 17'6 Maharaja IS P .A. in S. States of Central V'6.Dhar . I,777 .., India and in . .. do. 7· Dewas (Senior Branch} 449 83,321 9'49 Maharaja IS Do. 8. Dewas Ounior Branch) 4I9 70,SI3 6·4 Maharaja IS Do. do. P .A. in Bundelkhand. 9· Samthar I8o 33.307 I'3S • II 10. Jaora 6o2 .roo,I66 13'77 Nawab. 13 P .A. in S. States of Central . India and in Malwa •. II. Ratfam 693 107,326 IO .Maharaja 13 Do.· do: ~ (IS local) 1-tf u. Panna • :z,s96 212,1.30 xo·96 Maharaja • II P .A. in Bundelkhand. 1:%:1 IJ. · Charkhari 88o I20,3SI 6·69 Maharaja' II Do. do. z Do. do. '14. A,jaigarh ' 8o2 8S,89S 4'65 Maharaja .' II -IS· Bijawar. 973 ns,852 3'53 Maharaja II Do. do. , '=' r6. Baoni I21 19,I32 1'22 Nawab. II Do. do. -:><: I7. Chhatarpur I,130 161,267 s·5o Maharaja II Do. do. · ··IS. Sitamau 201. 28,4,22 2'7 Raj~ II- P .A. in S. States of Central I • India and in Malwa. ·

• .J• - •·. • 1g. Sailana 297 3S,223 3'SS Raja II Do. do. .._ 20: Rsjgarh 962 134.891 II'S. Raja II P .A. in Bhopal. ··• 21..1 Narsingharh • '734 - II3,873 9'SI Raja . II Do. do. f •• . 22. Baraundha :z18 16,071 -~ 0'45 Raja 9 P .A. in Bundelkhand. 23. Nagod. sox 74.589 2'39 Raja 9 ··Do. do. 24· Maihar 407 68,991 3'5 Raja 9 Do. do. 25. Jhabua. 1,336. 145.522 4'4 Raja II P .A. in S. States of Central India and in Malwa. 1,178. :z6. Barwani _I4I 1 IIO u·x II Do. do. N 27. ·Ali Rajpur 836 IOI,963 ·· 6·r6 Raja • II Do. do~ <::7' :z8. Khilchipur • • 273 4S.58J 2'92 Raja 9 P .A. in Bhopal. -'-~ 69 !~{on-Salute States 2,77I 28o,251 ~7'37 .. A.r6ain A.pprox. ... Saluts Nams of Stats · Squars Population Revenus in Titls of Ru!er of Ruler, Designation of Local ' . Mile1 in 1931 . • Lakhr in Gun1 Political. Ojficer ·

,, , 4 •', " < ): •• ' IV.-8TATES FORMING THB DECCAN STATEs AGENCY PNDBR ·THB A.G.G., DECCAN STATES, AND Rl!siDBNT AT l

> l ' . . IX.---8TATES FORMING THB PuNJAB STATES AGENCY UNDER THB A.G.G., PuNJAB STATES. 17 (19 per- A.G.G., Punjab States. r. Patiala • . . So932 r,6.2s,sao r.j.g·83 Maharaja . I & ' sonal local) Nawab • 17 Do. do.· 2. Bahawalpur • . . rs,ooo 984,61a 49'77 . do. 6,oso 237,183 I7'S2 Mir • . IS Do. 3· Khairpur . . (17 local) do. I,2S9 324,676 29'32 Maharaja • 13 (IS per- Do. 4· Jind . . sonal & local) a87,574 29·84 Maharaja 13 .. Do. do. 5· Nabha. . . . 9~8 (IS local) 6. Kapurthala . . . . 630 316,757 37 Maharaja • 13 (IS per- Do. do~...... sonal & local) I do. 7· Sirmur (Nahan) . . x,xg8 148,s68 6·o5 Maharaja '• u Do. 8. Mandi. • . . 1,2oo 207,465 15'39 Rtija . . II Do. do. 9· Bilaspur (Kahlur) • 448 100,994 3 Raja . \ u Do. do. x68 8J,072 '14'69 Nawab • ' II Do. do. 10. Maler Kotla • . . do.· n. Faridkot x64,364. r8·97 Raja . ' II Do. . 643 do. 12. Chamba 3,216 146,870 8·38 Raja . II Do. . . . do. 13. Suket . . • 420 s8,4o8 a·25 Raja . II •Do. 14. Loharu . . . :a:za ::&3,338 I'J Nawab • 9 Do. do. • • " • ~ < ~· . JJ.pproJe. Saluts Noms of State A-mjSquars Population Revenusin Title of Ruler of Ruler, Designation of Lotal . •' Mile1 in 1931 Laklu ' in Gum f Political Officer ~ , x.-STATES FoRMING THE RAJPO!ANA AGENev tlNDER THE A.o.o... m RAJ~TANA. ,/ ~~ Udaipur () • • :ra, 915 1,s66,9ro 5i•o9 Maharana ·.- ' 19 Resident in Mewar and (21 local) P .A;, S. Rajputana States. ./ ~· Jaipur • x6, 68a a,631,77S 130 Maharl\ia . 17 Resident in Jaipur and the (19local) W: States of Rajputana. -./ ·, 3· Jodhpur () • • 35.o66 2.,1:&5,98:& 137'94 Maharl\ia . 17 Do. do (19local) ' ~ ...... -"4. Bundi • 2,220 :&16,722 x6·u Maharao Rl\ia 17 P.A., Haraoti and Tonk. " · V' S· Bikaner •' 23, 315 936,21~ UI•66 Maharl\ia •. 17 {19 per- A.G.G., Rajputana sonal & local) V' · 6. Kotah • 5. 684 685,804 51·6 Maharl\ia . 17 P .A., E. Rl\iputana States. (19 personal) 'i· Karauli. J,24:& 140,525 7"1 Maharl\ia . 17 Do. do . 8. Kiahengarh • 858 85.744 7"5 Maharl\ia . IS Resident in Jaipur and the W. States of Rl\i putana• .../ 9· Bharatpur J,993 486,565 2.9"45 Maharl\ia 17 P.A., E. Rl\iputana States. (19loca1r :ro. Jaisalmer • r6,o62 76,2ss 3'79 Maharawal . 15 Resident in~Jaipur and the •. W. States of Rl\iputana. v n. Alwar • 3.213 749.751 55 Maharl\ia • 15 (r7 per- P .A., E. Rl\iputana States. ....,. aonal & local) ./; :ra. Tonk • 2,553 . 3i7.360 22"54 Nawab. . ,_.. 17 P .A., Haraoti and Tonk. ""' 13. Dholpur I ,zoo :&54.986 17"4 Maharl\i · . 15 P .A., E. Rl\iputana States., f· (17 personal) 14. Sirohi • I ,964 216,528 10"03. Maharao . 15 A.G.G., Rl\iputana IS. Dungarpur ., I .447 227,544 6•87 Maharawal : IS Resident in Mewar and P.A., Southem Rajpu· tana States. 16. Partabgarh • 886 76.539 s·8a Maharswat . 15 Do. do 17. Banswara I ,6o6 225,106 6·o6 Maharswal 15 Do. do 18. Palanpur I ,?69 264,179 10'~ Nawab. . . 13 A.G.G., Rl\iputana 19. Jhalawar 8to 107,890 7'89 Maharl\i Rana . 13 P.A., Haraoti and Tonk. ;o. ~hnhnu"' .. . ' ~0, ,,,22:& . ,·:,~ Raja -··- ·-- ..... ~ ...,.,.. ·9 . .... oo .. do XI.-STATES FORMING THB WESTERN INDIA STATES AGENCY VNDER THB A.G.G. IN THB STATES ()F WESTERN INDIA • ..t\,.G.G., W. India States. 1 32 'tJ Maharao 17 -/ 1. Cutch • 7,616 51•h30'7 {19local) Ill a6a,66o 14"17 Maharaja IS Do. do. a. ldar x,669 Do. do • S4S,I52 8J·~3 . Nawab. 13 (IS per• v 3· Junagadh 3.337 sonal & local) 409,192 JI2"59 Maharltia IJ Do. do. v' 4· Nawanagar . 3.791 (1_5 local) ·Do. do. 2,86o soo,274 1o4·6s Maharaja I3 v' S· (rs local) do. .; 642 us,673 22·25 Maharaja Rana 13 Do. 6. Porbandar Saheb Do. do. ./7• Dhrangadhra • I,IS7 88,961 as . Maharaja Raj 13 ~ Salieb . '"C Do. . do • 8. Radhanpur x,150 70,530 772 Nawab. II . t"11 82a 113,023 40 Maharaja II Do. do. z ..; 9· Morvi ·• do •. tj .../ 10. Gonda! 1,024 aos,846 so Maharaja II Do. 44,259 7"43 Raj Saheb II Do. do u. Wankaner 417 do u. Palitana 289 62,150 xo·67 Thakor Saheb 9 Do. ~ 283 27,639 2"78 Thakor Saheb 9 Do. do...... 13. Dhrol • do. . 14. Limbdi. 344 40,o88 7 Thakor Saheb 9 Do. ' · xs. Rajkot • . 28a 75.540 10 Thakor Saheb 9 .Do. do. x6. Wadhwan . . . 243 42,602 6"77 Thakor ·saheb 9 Do. do. 236 Non-Salute States and 15,239 I,08J,901 99"48 w I~L Estates 1 Excluding the Rann of Cutch. . ,, :• ~ ' .

,( XII.-STATES JN RELATIONS WITH THE GoVERNMENT OF . ../ x. Manipur 8·03 II P .A. and Superintendent, ..... , ...... , ~ Mohuaja ., Manipur. · .· xSo,ooo N ·IS Non-Salute States :j .3.900 x·S~ ...... ~- , A.r~a in Appr~.·· . ' • Salut1 Nam~ of Stau Squo, Population l?mJtmUI in na, of Rulw of Rulw, Dengnation of Local Miler in 1931 Lakhl sn Gum Political OjJicw ' .. XIII.-STATIS IN RBLATIONI WITH THB GOVBRNMBNT OP BBNCAL, v 1. Cooch Behar ~,318 590,886 37'75 Maharaja 13 Commissioner, Rajahahi and P.A., Cooch Behar. v a. Tripura 4,116 382,450 · 33'5 Maharaja 13 Magiatrate and Collector, Tippera, and P .A., Tri· pura. > :g XIV.-STATES IN RBLATIONS WITH THB GoVBRNMBNT OP TH1 PuNJAB. 1. Buhahr 3,8ao 104,389 3'34 Raja • (9 penonal) The Superintendent, Hill Statea, Simla. ~ 17 Non-Salute Statet 1,275 Do.. do. 3 Non-Salute Statet 345 The Commiaaioner of the ~ Ambala Diviaion.

· XV .-8TATBS IN IU!LATIONS WlTH THB GowRNMBNT 01 THB U~ITBD PaoVJNcas. 'Jr. Rampur 893 465,:125 43 Nawab • 15 Commiaaioner of Rohil· .. '... khand and P .A. for • 'a Rampur. v' a. Benarea • 875 391,272 20'09 Maharaj 13 Comnuaaioner and P.A., ( 15 local) Benarea. ..,/ 3• Tehri-Garhwal 4,500 349,573 18·8 Raja u Commissioner of Rohil· khand and P .A. for J Tehri-Garhwal. APPENDIX II

EJ.TJlACf FROK THE WBlTE PAPEB. OF MARCH, I9JS, PURl ISRFD AFrEB. THE PRINCES" DDmll (Command Paper -t343)

following short extncts from the White Paper of March. 935, are important as giving some idea of what was in the TIminds of the Princes in forwarding their :I>'l!mur to the · Federation proposals. • This W1ziU Paper ctmlllins t1u folltnz:ing :- I. Introductory Note by the Secretary of State for India. • 2. Report of Committee of States' Ministers (letter from Sir Hydari to Sir Bertr.md Glancy). . 3· Resolution passed by a meeting of Indian Princes and repre­ sentatives held at Bombay to consider No. 2. + Letter to His Exce11ency the Governor-General from Their the :, the Nawab of Bhopal and theA~jamB~~ . 5· Note enclosed with No• .f. .- .. 6. Despatch (Telegraphic) from the secreta.ry of State for India • to the Governor-General in Council 1· Memorandum attached to No. 6. 8. Provisional draft Instrument of Aa:ession.

Of these, however, it is sufficient to give here items 1 and 3· and the Secretary of State's reply to Clause XI of the Demur (item ·2), extracted from item 7 (page 34). -Item 8 is given in Chapter XIIL

No.1 · Im'11.0DUCTORY NOTE BY THE SECBETAJlY OF STATE FOB. INDIA In the course of the debate on 26th February, I undertook that u soon as I received in detail the criticisms of the Indian States on the Government of India Bill, I would in some appropriate way put Parliament in possessimi of them. On the ,5th of 1\larch I received from the Viceroy the text of a letter addressed to him by Their Highnesses the Maharaja of Patiala, the Nawab of Bhopal, and the '-~ja of B.ibner commenting on the BilL I have since ascer­ ~ through the Viceroy that these Princes have no objection to ' lts publication, and it forms No. 4 of the series now presented in this White Paper. ' . 27.5 APPENDIX II The rwlies of the Princes to the Viceroy's enquiry about publica­ tion of this letter confirm what is stated in the. letter itself-that it is in no sense a withdraWal from their adherence to the policy of an All-India Federation. It was sent to the Viceroy as a basis of future negotiations and discussions with a view to facilitate the entry of the Indian Stat~ into Federation, and to explain to His :'s Governmen\ the difficulties which the Princes felt, so far as they had been able to examine the Federal scheme as set out in the BilL Their Notec was prepared in the shortest pos8ible time, and they are anxious that any impression based merely on the manner in which their case is presented should not lead to a misunderstanding of their attitude. · ¥Y despatch to the Viceroy (No. 6 of the series) and the Memoran­ dum which a~mpanies it will assist to present the matter in its . true perspective. The range of apparent di1ference in regard to the Bill is in the ~t place narrowed by the fact that certain matters which have been brought into the discussion are quite outside the scope of the Bill. There· are certain matters, of whiCh the exercise of the -Paramountcy of the Crown is an example, which are im4oubtedly of hnportance to the States ; but they have for some years been the subject of discussion between His Majesty's GovliPl· ment and the Princes, and are independent of the form of the Bill, from which they are a distinctissue. . Secondly, these papers will, I hope, dispel any suspicion that His Majesty's Government has departed from any agreements arrived at or ·from assurances given. In more than one passage of the documents representing the. views of the Princes there appears a suggestion that in various particulars the Bill is based. upon new decisions by His Majesty's Government. But, except in regard to two points of secondary importance which are referrt:d to in my Memorandum (No. 7 of the series), the provisions of the Bill embody the recommendations of the Joint Select Committee's Report, which, in so far as the Princes are ooncemed, followed substantially the scheme of the.White Paper, which itself was based on the conclusions of the Rotind Table Conference. There has been no departure from the-principles then agreed. . Thirdly, the range of di1ference is further narrowed by the fact that His Majesty's Government has, on examination of the Princes' Note, been able to suggest modifications in the presentation of certain details of ~ Bill which, if accepted by Parliament, should go far, without any sacrifice of the essential principles of the Joint Select Committee's Report, to :meet the difficulties which the Princes have • APPENDIX II felt in respect to them. There remains the problem .of the precise manner in which the States.are to accede to federation~a problem which arises mainly in connection with clause 6 of the Bill and the form of the Instrument of Accession. This is in itself a ·difficult problem, if only on account of its novelty and of its far-reaching consequences. But the analysis of the problem in that part of the Memorandum which deals with Clause 6 will show that the points of view of the Princes and of the Bill are not, as may have been assumed, ~inconsistent ;· the problem, indeed, is less one of opposing political outlook than of drafting technique. The desiderata of His MajiSty's . Government and ·of the Princes are not irreconcilable, though the problem remains of bringing them together in the terms of a statutory document. I am confident, however, that .the discussions between "the legal representatives of the State and the Parliamentary drafts­ men, to whioh the Princes have now agreed, will lead to solutions which will commend themselves alike to the States and to Parliament.

' No.3 RESOLUTION PASSED BY A MEETING OF INDIAN PRINCES AND., REP¥9ENTATIVES HELD AT BOMBAY ON THE 25TH FEBRUARY, 1935 The Princes and the representatives of the States present at this meeting have examined the Government of India Bill and the draft Instrument of Accession and read and considered the Report made by the Committee of Ministers presided over by Sir A. Hydari which has recently dealt with some of the important provisions of the said Bill and the draft Instrument of Accession. They have also con­ sidered the opinions of_ legal advisers· and experts whose views· have been obtained thereon. While res·erving to themselves the· right to offer further observations and criticisms in due course, the Princes and representatives ofthe States present at this meeting fully endorse; the observations and criticisms contained in the· Report submitted by the Committee of Ministers to the extent that the Committee have been able to deal with the rp.atters in question. · This meeting desired to emphaSise that in I}.lany respects the Bill and the Instrument of Accession depart from the agreements arrived at during the meetings of representatives of the States with members of His Majesty's Government, and regrets to note that. the !Jill and the Instrument of Accession do not secure those vital interests and fundamental requisites of the States on which they have throughout · laid great emphasis. · · APPENDIX II .This meeting is of the definite opinion that in their present form. and without satiSfactory modification and alteration on fundamental points, the Bill and Instrument of Accession cannot be regarded as acceptable to Indian States. . ·

No.7 MEMORANDUM A1TACHED TO TBB S. OF S. DESPATCH (E:rr:RACT} {l'X) His Majesty's Government understand thit the States feel apprehensive as regard the effect of their acceptance of the-legislative and executive authority of the Federation in certain matters upon their relations with the Crown in other matters ; and these appre-' . hensions have no doubt also influenced their Highnesses in the claim .·mad~ in paragraph 9 of their Note that the Bill shouldreproduce in some form the ~rovisions of Section IJ2 of the existing Government of India Act, which· provided that all treaties made, by the are, so far as they ;u-e in force at the commencement of the Act, binding on His Majesty. . .This se¢on appeared ·first ln. the Government of India Act .I858, where it was obviously required by reason of the transfer ~ch that Act effected of all the rights and obligations of the East India Company to the CroWn ; and it was only re-enacted in the Govern­ ment of India Act of 1915, because that Act consolidated existing Statutes relating to India, and not because it was thought necessary to re-affirm obligations which the Cro!fD had already assumed. The · Crown's engagements towards the Indian Rulers need no re­ affirmation by Parliament. But His Majesty's Government are pre­ pared if the Rulers so desire to conSider the insertion in this Bill of a provision to the effect that nothing in the Act will affect the engage­ ments of the Crown outside the Federal sphere. If, in addition, some States desire a re-affirmation of the engagements of the Crown towards them so far as they relate to matters outside the. Federal sphere, this would, as on other occasions, more appropriately take some extra-statutory form, and· His· Majesty's Government will consider how best a satisfactory assurance can be given to those so desiring it. Such an assurance would perhaps most conveniently be given at the time when the execution of Instruments of Accession is accepted by His Majesty. APPENDIX III

EXTRACTS FROM THE DRAFT INSTRUMENT OF INSTRUCTIONS TO GOVERNOR-GENERALS ON FEDERATION . (Comd. 4805 of 1935) N the Instrument for the Governors-General that it is proposed to issue the following are the principal sections that refer to the I Princes' States that have joined the Federation or• otherwise. They show the general ihtention clearly enough • .,. , After the preamble

Now THEREFORE WE do by these Our Instructions under our Sign Manual and ~ignet declare our pleasure to be as follows :- ··

XV. Our Governor-General shall construe his special respon~ sibility for the protection of any rights of any Indian State as requiring him to see that no action shall be taken by his Ministers,~d no Bill of th.~ Federal Legislature shall become law, which would imperil the economic life of any State, or affect prejudicially any right of any • State heretofore or hereafter recognized, whether derived from treaty, grant usage, sufferance or otherwise, not being a right apper~ · taining to a matter in respect to which in virtue of the Ruler's Instrument of Accession, the .Federal Legislature may make. laws for his State and his subjects. · · ..

IN REGARD TO RELATIONS· BETWEEN THE FEDERATION, PROVINCES, AND FEDERATED STATES XX. Whereas it is expedient, for .the common good of Provinces and Federated States alike, that the authority of the Federal Govern~ ment and Legislature in these matters which are by law as signed to them should prevail. And whereas at the same time it is the purpose of the said Act that on the one .hand the Governments and Legislatures of the Provinces should be free in their own sphere to pursue their own policies, and on the other hand that the sovereignty of the federated States should remain unaffected save in so far as the Rulers thereof have otherwise agreed by their Instruments of Accession ; ~· 179 z8o · APPENDIX III · And \\'hereas in the interests of the harmonious co.:Operation o the several meinher:s of the body politic the said Act has empowerec Our Governor-General to exercise at his discretion certain power. affecting the relations between the Federation.. and Provinces anc States: It is Our. Will and pieasure that Our Governor-General, in the exercise o~ these powers should give unbiased consideration as wel ·to the views of the Governments of Provinces and to the Federate

. . . . XXII. In particular We require our Governor-General to ascer- tain by the method which appears to him best suited, to the circum­ stance of each case the views of Provinces and of Federated States upon any legislative· proposals which ~t is proposed to introduce in the Federal Legislature for the imposition of taxes in .which Pro- vinces or Federal States are interested. "" • INDEX

A fBaroda, its present .,ruler and Diamond ]ubilee, 202 Adoption of heirs, 136 its story,-:zox . · wisdom of system, xs6 to-dl}y, 201 Mghan king-making, xo6 . Barton, Sir William, and Political British policy regarding, 107 Department, xo6 invasions and designs on India, 46 on education of Princes, :z6x victory at Panipat, 49 views on Hyderabad, 196 Mghanistan and Britain to-day, :u8 Bassein, Treaty of, 63. and Shah Sujah, xo8 Bengal, Diwani of, granted to ~- British desire for friendship, ISS English, SI British success in, I II Berar, Rajah of, x8x7, 97 . , subsequent failure in Second Berars controversy, the, x97 Mghan War, 113 Bhangi-Jhanghi, rhyme of, 43 the treacherous invasion of Aman- Bhils in Rajputana, 207 ullah, :n9 · established, xo:z • Aga Khan and the War, 191 v. Moslem States, 212 Ahmad Shah founds Duranni Em­ Bhurtpore defies Lord Lake, 70 pire, 46 o . but makes,terms, 70 invades India, 46 campaign of x8:z6, xo4 the abali, 46 stonned, 106 Ali Johur becomes , 51 Bhutan, 217 . Mogul,43 Bijapore and Sivaji, 31 to-day, :zo8 · destroyed, 32 · Amherst, Lord, Governor-General, Bikanir, Maharajah of, in the World xos War, 192 · · , Amir Khan of Tank, 97 State to-day, :zo8 .... Arabs invade Sind, x8 • Black Mango Tree, Battle of,' 48 Arjamand and the apples, 3 r · Bonsla, the, 98 Armies of the Princes, 176 Brinjaras, the, 42 old story of, 177 British, the States~ first contact Aryan invasion of India, 17 with, 22 Asaf Jah, 37 , fading of, x8 death of. 47 marches north, 42 · -~ See Nizam-ul-Mulk c Asoka's kingdom, 17 ' Aurungzebe, :z8 Cashmere, v. Kashmir his successor, :z8 Chagatai, tl. J agatai , 2n Chamber of Princes, the, 23:1 .. B • Chopperbands,' the, 27 Chetoo Pindari, 97 . . . 'Baber rides to , 28 Chin Chillik Khan, v. Asaf Jah Bahadur Shah succeeds Aurung. Chitoor, the Sacas of, So · zebe, 33 Churchill, Mr. Winston, allegation and the Mahrattas, 34 of, 245 · and the Sikhs, 31 Cochin State to-day, :zxo Bahswalpur ·assists British aga~t its ports, :ZXO the Sikhs, 132 Combermere, Lord, takes Bhurt­ , , 40 pore, 105 Balaji Biswanath, 34, .40 · · Company, the, extends to the Indus, , defeated by the Mogul, 33 107 Bangalore, ·question of, 201 Congress agitators in the States, 239 ' Barlow, Sir George, 94 · short shrift, 239 INDEX . Contingents, the, 170 Federal Legislature, representation the Gwalior Contingent, 179 of Princes in, 255 the Hyderabad Contingent, 180 ' Financial Fact~finding coin .. Cooch , 217 mittee,' 235 Cornwallis, Lord, at Seringapatam, Foreign relations, 254 succeeds Marquis Wellesley, 71 Furnavis, "· Nana · death, 71 .• • · Crown, importance of, to Princes in · the New India, z6o. G · assumes direct control of India, ISS Gaikwar, "· Baroda Curzon, Lord, and the :princes, 171 Gaikwar, Pilaji, the first, 4:1 .. his uisdom and error, 17a Goddard's march across India, 61 Gough, Sir Hugh, in Gwalior, 123 Govemor~General, the, and the D States, 24 "·Viceroy • Dalhousie; , and Sikh, IJZ. of Jammu offered his annexation policy, 134 . Jellalabad, 79 • misrepresented, 135 . Gurkhas, "· Nepal Daulatabad, 27 Gwalior, 20 de Boigne, , 64 and Sikhs Army, ua Delhi, Battle of, 69 campaign in, 123- ' .. defence of, 69 • in 1843. 12:1 • .. - siege of, 69 in 1857, 148 ~-~ Devagiri made Tuglaq capital, z6 one of the • Big Five,' 203 Dewas, States of, 2o6 to-day, 201 Dhar, State of, 206 . • Gwalior, IJ.ock or,· captured• by Dinkur Rao, the famous Gwalior Goddard in 1857, 61 -~ - Minister, 148 Dravidian India, 17 _ Dudrenac, the Chevalier, 6z H Durand, Colonel, at Indore, 149 Haidar Ali, s6 usurps Mysore throne, 57 E Hamilton, Colonel, at Indore, 149 Hoare, Sir Samuel, and : Mr East India . Company, its achieve- Churchill allegation, 245 • ments, 119 . · and the Princes' • demur,' 246 Edwards, Herbert, in second Sikh and revised instrument of acces­ war, 131 sion, 249 Egypt, British Indian expedition to, Holkar in 1857, 149 x8or, 65 . and Durand, 149 Ellenborough, Lord, to-day, zo6 and Afghanistan, ns Holkar, Mulhar Rao I, 42o and gates of Somnath, us and Monson, 69 · and Gwalior, 123 · at Delhi, 6g and Sind, u6 • avoids Second War, 68 famous minute on Par&mountcy, · :Jeawunt Rao, death, 98 174 . leaves field at Panipat, so in Third War, 68 .p Holkar, "· Indore Hyderabad in 1857, 151 Federal Finance Committee, 236 and the Berars, 197 Federal government, meaning of, 243 Contingent in 1857, 1$:& Princes' attitude, a.u ita terrain and people, 199 •• I INDEX Contingents, the, i>osiclon as a K corps d'elite, 198 State. See Nizam Kalat State, story of, 216 the modem State, 196 today, 216 the most important, 197 "· Moslem States See also Nizam Kashmir State, founding of, 130 Army and the Pamir Wars, x8s Black Mountain, 187 Chitral drama, t86 I peculiar frontier posrtion of, 131, xss · Ibrahhu Gardi at Panipat, so . HW12ll Campaign, x86 Imperial Service Troop, the, So its early story, 204 · difficulties of, 104 sends troops to Siege of Delhi, :i:31 good services of, 103. to-day,204 . inception, 102 Kathiawar States, 225 >India Act passed, 252 Kipling, R., and battle of Panipat, so and the Princes, 252 to-day, 206 its operation.and commencement, the late Maharajah, 206 253 . his war service, 207 outline of, 254 " ' • Koramdevi, story of, 87 India after Panipat, 53 Kosseir, British land at (18ox), 65 development after x8s9. ISS Kahattriyas, 17 early history outlined, 17 and 'Raj}'uts, 18 in the forties, 119 Kutub-u-din, x8 situation after Panipat, S3 weaving of British pattern, 102 lndia'i Constitution, future of, 259 Indian States Committee (H. Butler), 235 ' Lake, British C.-in-C., 67 Indore to-day, 206 fails to take Bhurtpore; 70 its modem Westernized famous victories over Sindhia,· 67 and rule, :zo6 pursuit of Holkar, 70 Indraput, city of, 18 remonstrance to Lord Cornwallis, , the coming of, x8, • 71 . Islamic conquest, spread of, 26 Las Beyla, 212 •. of, 212 Lony Ochter Sahih, 69 J M Jagatai, 16o Jahandar Shah, Mogul puppet,· 35 Mahmud of Ghazni, 18 Jammu and Kashmir,"· Kashmir Mahratta Canker, the, 29 army, "· Kashmir Mahrattas, rise of,. 29 · Jammu, State of, 129 and Mghans, 45 ·, · and Indian cotton trade, and Disaster of Panipat, 48 238 at Delhi, 42 Jats and Rajputs, · . . Confederacy, 34 )hansi, annexation of, 137 " development of, 42 death of ex-Rani, 154 • ,. fail to repel Nadir. Shah 43 Jhind in 1857, 154 Ballajee Rao, death of, 6o Jiwan Bakht, Mogul puppet, 48 Mahratta State to-day, 205 )odhpur, 208 ·· not inhabited by Mahrattas, 206 )ohur sacrifice; the, 31 States, the small ones, really Joint Committee, the, 242 Mahratta, 206 , . INDEX

Mahrattas, Firsi wars with the schooled by Britain,· 200 · British, 61 a modd State, 201 Swnul, 6:z Lord Lake and Arthur Wellesley, 67 . . N Third, Holkan attack, 68 Defence of Delhi, 68 Nadir Shah Kuli, 4j Monson's retreat, 69 arrives at Delhi, 44 Fourth, 96 . · strips the Mogul. 45 League with the Pindaris, 96 King of Mghanistan, 22.0 Malcolm, Captain, and the Nizam, Nagpore, annexation of, 137 , 59 Nana, the, in 1857, 153 Mani}lur, 215 . Nana Fumavis, 6:z Mediatized. States, roo . Nepal invades India, 95 Meheidpore, battle of, 92 . War, 96 Minto. Lord, and the Princes, 173 happy conclusion, 96 Mogul as Mongol, r6o services in 1857. 154 Empire and Ethnology, 16o in World War, 218 Moguls, rise of the, 28 Nizam, ·the, 35 foolish policy in the Deccan, 30 and the Mghan :Ovasion, 1919, dryrot among, 35 ~ .• .,192 Emperor ,blind and a prisoner, 64 and the British, 55 Monson, Col., disastrous retreat, 68 and M. Raymond, s8 Momington, Lord,. and l\larquis and the Moguls, 39 Wellesley, 63 and the Sayyad,:38 Moslem States, 197 French Brigade disbanded, 59 and Hindu Subjects, problem of, loyalty in 1857, 151 258 meaning of, 37 Bahawalpur, 211 Nasir Jung, SS • Bhopal, 212 Nizam Ali dies, 67 its importance, 212 rise of, 36 story of the , 213 Sikandar Jah succeeds, 67 prominence of present ruler, to-day, personal wealth, zoo 213 . • Nizam-ul-Mulk, 37 ' Rampur, 214 . become Vizier, 40 its Rohilla origin;.214 created AsM Jih, 41 • Tank, ars · . · ' death of, 47 Muazzim, p;Bahadur Shah No~-West Frontier· States, 215 Muhummad .Shah, Empero.r, 36. · Mulhar Rao Holkar deserts~ from Panipat, 51 Multan, siege of, IJL 0 Mutiny•of Bengal Army, 144 effect of, 145 . Oody Singh, Sf loyalty of Phulkian State, 145 Osmanli, 161 Sindhia and Holkar, 147. Ottomans, 16o Mysore and Haidarab, s6... , . Ottoman and Calipha~e, Mysore,"' . 161 Oucbterlony and defence of Delhi, . and Haidarah. s6: • 6g .. General Harris, 59 .. Death of Tippoo, 6o ~ : • Lony Ocbter • Sa/Ub, 69 • Four wars of the British with, 'Oudh and Lord Momington, 65 57' .. annexation of, 134 throne usurped by Haiderab, 57 story of, 132 in modem times, 200 terrible misgovernment, 134 its story since 1798, 201 Outram in Sind, 116 INDEX Panipat, Battle of, 48 . possible troubles 'ahead, 258 ' Paramountcy' in 1859, 157 staunch support by many, 149 in the India Act of 1935, the cement in the Indian edifice, Lord Ellenborough's· minute, 174 260 · · Lord Reading's memorandum, the real, 226 . 163 . under the Crown, 156 .. facts of the, I 59 unlimited assistance, 190 where it lielJ to-day, 235 without martial subjects, 188 Patiala in x857, 150 young, education of, 189 State to-day, 211 . of India in general, IS' importance of its rulers, 211 area of their States, I6 Pertab Singh, Rajah of ldak and their number, x6 . Jodhpur,79 Princes' States, administratior, re· anecdotes of, 23I ports, 228 . • greatly beloved, 23 I · and tariff problems, 237 Peshwa, the, 34 armies of, in x857, 142 , becomes hereditary, 4I as grouped for policy and deal- Narayan Rao murdered, 6o ings, 222. and the Britis~, 98 before the Mutiny, 141 Baji Rao II, 62 British policy towards, 143 Mahdoo Rao U, suicide of, 6~ · ; effect of Mutiny in, 144 · Phulkian State, the, 2I . first development of, 158 origins, 126 ' in modem times, I9I staunch loyalty in 1857, 150 modernity and antiquity blended, Pindaris, tragedy of the, 94 227 atrocities of, 97, 98 newly fonned or advanced, ZI5 War, the, 96 services and administration, 227 Politicv Department, the, 23 States, "· States after 1859, 166 the ' Big Five,' 195 and misrule, 170 traversed by.railway, I58 and Lord Cur:zon, various classes, 223 difficulties confronted, 169 Pritwi, Rajah, 18 necessity for system, 168 Protected Sikh States, 99, 126 tendency to bureaucracy, x68 . See Phulkian States · to-day, 221 . Pudmini, story of, 81 Princes, and Congress, 2j8 Punjab, annexation of, 1_32 and defence, complicated nature .. . of question, x88 . '"': and Federation, x6s, 243, 244 • "' Q ., ... and First Round Table, 241 and Lord Curzon, 171 Qamar~rid-din, vizier killed, 46 and Lord Minto, 1721 Queen Sunjota,.story of, go" · and representation in Federal 9ueen ·Victoria and. the Begams of Legislature, 255 · Bhopal, 213 · · and share in defence, 187 Proclamation, 162 and the Contingents, 179 Qutub-ud-din.. Vide Kutub and the Crown, 23 :.. / . and their forces, 176 and the Kaiser, 191 · 'R are dictators, 227 .. attitude in the World War, 190 Rafi-ul-Khudr, Mogul puppet, 38 behaviour in 1857, 143 lUjasthan, 19 . 'Demur' of 1935, 244 history of, 72 · forces in the World War, 192 founding of States, 78 go to France, 191 saved by British, 99 of the future, 259 Rajputana, 19 INDEX Rajputs, 72. · defies British, defeated, 67 · and Akbar, so. Junkoji Rao, IU and the Moguls, 7S Jaiaji Rao, 122 hatred of Mahrattas, 207 in 1857, 149 in the Bengal Army, 77 · and MacPherson, 149 J?leaning of tenn. 73 • Ranaji, 42 RaJput States to-day, 207 becomes C.-in-C. to the Rampur, "· Moslem States . Emperor,63 Reading, Lord, at Simla, 229 escapes from Panipat, 51 Right-of-Lapse, the, foregone, 156 shares Malwa with Holkar, 43 Rohilkand, 53 · . Sivaji cult, the modern, 207 Roshan Aktar, "· Muhammed Shah Sivaji, ent_hroned, 32 .. Roufld Table, First, the, 240 rise of, 29 surprise attitude of Princes, ;&of. I Somnath, Gates. of, true story, ns Southern Mahratta Campaign, 1844, 124 Special Paper of 1935, 252 · • s States of the Flower, "· Phulkiarl States • Saadat Khan, 41 States, the Princes', types and classes, Salar Jang of Hyderabad, kS2 .. 19 _ Salbai, Treaty of, 61. States,t~.Princes'States • Salute ' States, 100 Subsidiary System, the, 63 • Salu~," importance of, 22Z Sudasheo, the :Qhow, marches Sambaji, fate of, 32 against Mghlins, 49 Satara, annexation of, 137 missing after Panipat, so Sayyad Brothers, the, 3S Suraj Mull, J it chief, leaves Mah- ._the end of, 39 ' rattas,49 · • Seringapatam, 59 stormed by General Harris, 6o Shahib-ud-din, vizier, 47 Shah Alum II, 63 . T Shahji, Bonsla, 29 Sikh, annexation by British, 132 Tanjore, restored by the British, 65 Kingdom, death of Runjhit Singh, Tank, Amir Khan of, 97 uS State, "· Moslem States rise of, 124 Tartars comes to India, 18 Runjhit ·Singh, 125 of the Princes, sonorous conquests of, 126 Persian, 2()8 suicide of Sikh Raj, U9 · Travancore State, Christians in, 210 States, "· Phulkian States progress and advanced education War, Pint, 129 in, 210 -. Second, 131 · story of, 209 Sikhs, story of, 125 to-day, 209 . Sobraon, 129 Tuglaqs, the, 26 - and Lord Gough, 131 Turb come to India, 18 ChillianwalJah, 131 Turk, Tartar, Mogul, ~6r Gujerat, 132 . · Sind, story of the annexation, 115 and Sir Charles Napier, 116 and usurping Talpoors, 115 • · astounding prosperity resulting, 117 Udaipur, 78 recent light on, uS Saea of, 8o State of Khaipur left in being, 1 17 State to-day, 207 Sindhia, Daulat Rao. story of, 121 Uniate Syrian Church, :uo "' INDEX . V·· Wellesley, Marquis, and .Mahrattas, 57 Viceroy and· blackmail. of ·Princes, calls their bluff, 64 257 • 'th ends French influence, 57 . and Prmces' contact Wl , 157, success of policy, 100 165 tragedy of reversion .of his policy, and Princes' ' demur,' 247 93 ' • . and Ranjhit Singhi, 246 Willingdon, Earl, 1'73 Viceroy of Ali Verdi Khan, 45 his last warning, 259 · of Bengal, 23 Wiswas Rao at Delhi, 48. ofOudh, 20 slain at Panipat, so Victorian years, the, 159 Wurgaon, disaster of 1778, 61 Vizier Qamar~ud-din, 46 z w Zalnan Shan, Durani Emperor, 59 Warren Hastings, .63 invades India, 64 · Watson, Admiral, at Geriah, 6z and Runjhit Singh, uo Wellesley, Arthur, his memorandum Zulfiqr Khan, 33 on th!' Mahrattas, 64 his career, 35 MESSRS JARROLDS' Important New Books for SPRING, _i936.

(;eneral·~iterature PILGRIMAGE TO SAMARKAND By ETHEL MA..N::mN' AJtth()1' of "Confessioftl ana Impressions'' (3oth Imp.), "Ht111ger "of the Set/', "Pilgrims'', "Sounding Brass'', "Green Willow", "CrescenrJo", "Chi/rJren of the Barth", "Linda Shawn", "Venetian Blinds'', "Dryad", "Men are Unwise", "Ca#tis", "The Pnre Flame'', "The Fakoner'.1 Voke'', elf. ATI..ING to persuade the Moscow Foreign Office to grant them a F permit to visit Turkestan, Miss Mannin and Miss Nachshen decided to defy l\ussian bureaucracy and go there without one. Everyone assured them that it was impQisible-that they would only be discovered by the police on arrival and expelled. This book is the entertaining record c;>f how determination and the spirit of adventure not merely got these two young women to Turkestan but took them from one end to the other and back to Moscow without being caught. Deserts, cottonfields, camels, veiled women, and Samarkand by moonlight •••• here, at last, we submit, is the travel book about Russia that is " different." Lavish{y Ill11Siraler1 from Drawings bJ DoNIA NACHSHBN - .Abollf x8s. net THROUGH FORBIDDEN TIBET By HAaRisON FoRMAN . ffiET-"Holy Rome of Buddhism", a· forbidden land to Occidentals, T has been penetrated by this young Oriental scholar, soldier and explorer. After his two white companions were killed in an encounter with bandits, he continued alone into the unknown and unmapped territory, and lived for a year in constant danger, bringing back extra~ ordinary data and photographs of this strange people, their odd customs and weird ri.tes and ceremonies. ~s book a?ounds with thrilling incident, and sheds light upon parts of this mysterious country about which but

very little has been written. M LaviJhly 11/IISiralerJ J Ss. nel JARROLDS' IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS

AUTOBIOGRAPHY By LoRD Qt~"E.ENBBllO'OGB HERE are few men who have had such interesting and exciting T careers as Lord Qucenborough, who was so well known as Mr. Almeric Paget. He led an adventurous life in the Middle West in the day! when it Will the •.'Wild and Woolly West". He has distinguished himsel.t as a man"of affairs, and he is a keen yachtsman. - · Both he and his daughter, !.fiss Dorothy Paget, are famous in the - ncing world. Lord Queenborough has known intimately everyone whc: hh counted in the great world, both here and in America, during the l.as1 fifty years--and has an endless fund of stories to tell of all of them. · 1llm1Tatetl .Abotd 1B.r. mt .. POUONG THE ARCTIC B.1 MAJOR l:IAB.wooD ST.EE.IJ!. • HE truly magnificent story of the conquest of.she Arctic by the Royac. T Omadian {fo.rmerly North-West) Mounted Police is withoUL pata1lel, and has never before been told in full. · PouCING THB Aacnc i the mt «»mplete and authentic record of the wo.rk of.the R.C.M.P. ' Dlsulrllhtl IB.r. ~~et ... 5 THE ART OF TENNIS . By HENRI Cocm:r (Ex-World Tennis Champion) • illS work is not just a series of generalizations by an c:spert, but T debilled discussion of the Art ~f Tennis ~m the awkward prelimhl ary stages to the coveted triumphs of Paris and WJJDbledon. Cochet"s advice, carefully followed, will be found more valuable t· the novice than a summer's faulty playing, and will come as a revelatio: to the average player. · • · • Profm'!J IJIN.rlrtllltl .A.hotd s.r. mt THE INDIAN· STATES AND PRINCES By Sm GEOB.GB MA.cMVNN, K.c.B., K.C.S~, D.S.O. Atdw tif "Ttll'moil 111111 Traget!J ;, Itlllia: 1914 111111 After'', "Tl &mfllll'l tif tbt llllli1111 Frollliers'', "Tbt Ulllienlor/tl flj Illlli.i' (p. · Impn.r.ribt~), "Thl Lin tif 11:11 hJM.I', ''"· j N this book Sir George MacMunn adds to his many studies of the India. I W.eltpoliliJ: that of the States and Princes, showing their many an diverse origins ; their great contn'bution to British Indian history ; th bond between the Princes and the Crown; the struggle of some wit Britain fo.r the hegemony of India. ; the policy of the .M.arquis Wellesley the anomalies within the States ; the uoubles that lie before them and t:b high :romance that lies within them. 1/lmlrllletl 18.r. ntl ii JARROLDS' IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS

WAR OVER ETHIOPIA .By W. J. MAKIN .Altthor of "Swinfing the Eqnator", "Red Sea Nights'', ''SfJnth of the Suez", eft:. HE up-to-the-minute story and real truth about the war. Jt relates T the rise of Haile Selassie through bloodshed and intrig~ to the position of ruler of Mrica's last Empire ; the greed and ambition of the Powers which have led up to the present dangerous state of affairs ; the disastrous effect of the conflict upon Mrica as a whole ; and makes iC'" markable revelations regarding the slave traffic. The strange fact emerges that Britain herself has been at war with Abyssinia on and off for years. IJ/mtrated xBs. net · EUROPEAN EXCURSIONS .By H. H'ESSELL 'TIL'I'MAN Author of "James R.amsqy MtUDonald" (7th Imp.), ''The Terror in EHrope" (3ril Imp.), "Sitimpl" the Story of Strit:hn EHrope, "Peasant EHrope", Part·author, with Col. P. T. Etherton, of "The PtUiftt: : a Foruast", ''Mancht~ria: the Cot:!epil of Asia" (3rd Imp.), "Japan: Mistre.rs of the Padfit:?", elt:. ett:. UROPEAN EXCURSIONS is something new in travel books. E Th~ author has drawn upon his wide knowledge of the unfamiliar byways of the Continent to write an autobiographical .record of travel in all parts of Europe. It is a book which will delight all who enjoy a brilliant, intimate account of cities, peoples and countryside in other lands. No writer knows his Euro.Pe better than Mr. Tiltman, and no more penetrating picture of the "undiscovered" parts of that Continent, nor any volume containing such an abundance of anecdotes and original stories, grave and gay, has been published for many years. • 48 11/mtrafions Maps · x8.r. net FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF INDIAN STATES UNDER FEDERATION By SAHIBZADA A. WAJID KHAN, M.A., PH.D. N this outstanding book, which is certain to be of vast interest to all I those who realise the importance and difficulties of India in the , Dr. Wajid Khan, a former secretary to the Chancellor of the Indian Chamber of Princes, )?Uts forward the standpoint of the Indian States in relation to an All-India Federation in a clear and succinct manner. Dr. Hugh Dalton has &aid of this work : "It is excellently written and will hold the reader's attention. No other book hitherto published covers quite the same field ; and wherever Public Finance is studied, and especially Indian Public Finance, this book should find a place in any adequate bibliography." · u.s. 6tl. net iii JAR.ROLDS' IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS

P.AIV A : Queen .of Love. By AI.nm SCBIRO:UUEB. TillS is the life story of Ther~a J.achmann, daughter of a poor sho}> keeper, later •• Paiva " of the Jemi-molllk, and ultimately wife of the renowne

E.B.O. : On and Off the Pavement 1fJ B. B. OSBORN }( Literary Editor for many years of the Morning Post, Mr. E. B. Osbom has seen as much as any living writer of what has been qlled the "literary scrimmage". · ~ But literary activities have been only a part of his singula.dy full anc varied life. He has been a notable all-round athlete, and his experiences, beginning at Magdalen College, Oxford, of cricket, tugger, the sister art:: of boxing and wrestling, and country spo~ are vividly presented.

· IJ/NSirtJIIJ J 8J. 1111

AMONG THE WATERFALLS OF THE WORLD _ By EDwARD C. R.AsHLEIGH ALL down the ages, by reason of their beauty and the awe they so ofte11 .l"1. evoke, great waterfalls have exercised a peculiar &scination botl: on the savage and the cultured mind. There arc the world-famous £alls­ N~ Victoria, Schaffhausen, and hundreds more of great majcst · and quite unknown to most people. In this book, and for the .first ti.mJ' between covers, there is presented an authoritative; account of all the morj notable waterfalls of the world. 11/IIJITIJiel J81. 1111 iv JARRO;LDS' IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS

THE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE (New Edition) By RAPHAEL RocHE . N this book, the famous uru:egistered practitioner explains his system I of medicine. Mr. Bernard Shaw, the late Arnold Bennett, Robert Hichens, the novelist, and others, have written about the Roche system which was the subject of enquiries and favourable verdicts by the Dai!J Telegraph, Westminster Gazette, Truth~ and other journals. Besides explain­ ing bow he works, Mr. Roche bas some pungent criticism of contempor­ ary medical theories. There is a long letter from Mr. Bernard Shaw, wjlo explains that, when he was declared incurable without operation, he challenged Mr. Roche, and Mr. Roche "won the game"~ net • ,s. SATAN CAME TO EDEN By DoRA STRAUCH Edited by WALTER BaocJWANN ERB, for the first time, is a story, the recent reports of which in the H Press startled the whole world. Four .years ago, Frau Strauch and Dr. Ritter left their respective spouses in Germany and set out in search of a modern Eden. Fate took them to.the small island of Floreaoa-one of the Galapagos group. Here they lived for a time, but their Eden eventually became a living hell. Satan arrived one day in the shape of Baroness Wagner and three male companions. · Every conceivable horror then followed. Murder and strong passions were the least of the disasters that focussed the attention of both hemispheres on that little island in the Pacl6c. This is one of the most astounding true stories that has ever been published, and will assuredly create a sensation, Ill11.1trated 1 Ss. net

WHAT IF THEY DO MIND? By PERCY CoLSON A.Mthor'Dj "I Hope The.J Won't Mimi", ett. HEN, a few years ago, Mr. Colson's I HoPS THEY WoN'T MIND W. was published, it was an instantaneous success-London was distinctly amused l Now the author has written a new book, even wittier and more amusing than the former. It is a trenchant account of people, places and happenings, full of good anecdotes and piquant observations. Mr. Colson bas moved in Society in England and abroad and has met · everybody. He has a fearless, careftee , and this wotk is bound to app.eal to .e!eryone who enjoys an entertaining, well-wtitten book of social renuruscences. , liiii.Jiratttl 101. Gd. JARROIDS' IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS

.TilE ABYSSINIAN STORM By Sm. THo:MA.S CoMYN-PLA.n ., ' N this informative and comprehensive volume, the Author tells of th~ I past history of Abyssinia; of the country, manners and customs of the people; of the Govemment, army, slavery, internal politics, as also the causes that have led up to the Italo-Abyssinian war. · , In writing of that country, from which he bas just returned, the Author presents official knowledge combined with personal experience. In short, this book is an epitome of Abyssinian history past and present, and throws a ltbodlight of info.r:mation on the questions which are now of such absorbing interest to the British people. • _ 11/mlrahd u.s. 611. 1111 MELODIOUS MEMORIES By ll:mul.AN DAREWSKI . . ' EW people.bave seen so much of life from unusuJl angles or have F travelled so widely as Mr. Darewski. and in his book he shows himself to be a ~hrewd and witty commentator ori life as he bas met it. There is a host of intimate stories and anecdotes of social leaders, eminent people in the professions and politics, as well as of the e-reat Ita~ favourites of yesterday and to-day. . , 1 . . Illmlrtlletl 181. till · .:. _,. · • ~ MY MASTER SPY • By.MAB.THE McKENNA l ..A.Nihor of c•A Spy W.u Bani', "Spits llVtnll', "1 Wa.t A Spy"' · (svul Thousand) (Fil1111tl). • N this, her latest and most exciting book, Marthe McKenna includes all: I · her first-hand knowledge and experience of espionage during the . Great War, when she pla.yed such an able and heroic role as nurse to. German wounded and spy for the British. After eighteen months in­ tensive research she is able to rela.te in full and for the first time another true story of the Great Master Spy-Brut Verhagen. ~ The story is generously long but never for a moment does the suspense flag. Here is all the terror and tragedy, all the bmtality and saaifice thatt made I WAS A SPY the most sensational book of its day. U.J. 6tJ. till TilE IDSTORY OF SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP By B. z. GoLnBERG · A.Nihor of "TIN S~~mtl Fir/' (4/h 1111p.) ERE, at 1a.st, is the complete, authoritative book on human se:t H rela.tionships. unique in its happy combination of a frank anc thorough treatment in a facile, P-OPular style. A veritable encyclopa:dia. of present-day knowledge regarding the nature of the sexual impulse, itt social development, its t:nanifold t:nanifestations throughout the course ol . human history. Profme!J IJIII.Itrtllea jro111 llllig111 Jrmnr.s tPUI prinll 181. 1111 vi JARROIDS' IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS_

FATHER GOOSE : - The Story of Mack Sennett 1b GENE FOWLER ENE FOWLER is probably the greatest master of anecdote in G modern American literature, and it would be difficult to find a better .field for hls unsurpassed gift than in the story of Hollywood from the early days up to the moment when the movies at last learned to speak. For although, superficially, thls book is a biography of one of the pioneers of the film, it is quite as much a history of Hollywood manners, morals, diversions and influences as it is the story of Mack Sennett's incrc!dible career. Illustrated 18s. nel HOME COOKERY By J:~ssm CoNRAD Author of "Jose;h Conrad and His Cirdl' Foreword by JosEPH CoNRAD HE object of thls book is to make the household cookery as easy T and as simple as possible. Even the youngest and most inexperienced housewife can easily master the recipes given here and will find it easy and delightful to produce the delicious and often unusual dishes described. 31. 6J. net • THE LUNA TIC SPY By FRANK GR.OUNDSELL T is rare indeed that an Englishman who cannot read music rises to I conduct the band of the 2.nd Prussian Lifeguards and, if one adds to this the fact that the author of thls work co-operated with British Secret Service agents in Berlin during the War, it is clear that here is a book of unusual interest. us. 6d. net FANG AND CLAW Jbi.FRANK BucK and FERRIN FRASER. Author of" Wild Cargo" (filmed) and "Bring 'em Back Alive" (filmed) ROM the great terai of Nepal, from the dense jungles of Ceylon and F Sumatra, from the green creeper-twisted forests of Malaya, Frank Buck returns with another and wilder cargo of true tales from the East. Every reader of WILD CARGO and BRING 'EM BACK ALIVE will stretch out an eager hand for this book, and those who have not yet made the acquaintance of this author cannot do better than read his latest and most , thrilling book, FANG AND CLAw. ' 1/luJirated t6s. net vii JARROLDS' IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS

]arrolds' :New 1/~ Novels_

New Novels in toe Jay Library

THE PURE FLAME • · ETHEL MAN: CROOKEDSHA WS ·CRUSADE RUPERT CllOFI'.('()<•

BY A SIDE WIND • ~ NOlWl C. JA:

BREAD AND BUTTER BECHHOFER·llOBERTS rEPHES~ .. THE GRAND GENNARO

THE GREAT ~TE GODS ~ ~' EDU~ STUC .. ~;) ROLL RIVER • • JAMES B

(• New Uhrary Novels · ·

THE SLEEPING WOMAN : JOAN CONQll OY IN T. HE AFTERNOON GEORGE GOODCIDLD ' J BECHHOFER ROBJ THE BLOODHOUNDS BAY WALTERs. MASTEJL . GAMINETJ'E . :. • FllEDEIUCX. JACI+ MURDER BY NIGHT • MU VICTOR lU~ YOU CAN'T TRUST MEN • • BAlUlARA HEDWC ' . HENRY WHEAT GOES FRENCH BENNETT Hll THE MAN WITHOUT A HOME RUPERT HU· .J A .LOVER WOULD BE NICE • F. HUGH HEJ..I