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The INDIAN S':Fates and ;PRINCES B.1 JIM S4jll6 A.Lhor ; Tulwoil and TRAGEDY in INDIA:•1914 and AFI'elt

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The INDIAN S':Fates and ;PRINCES B.1 JIM S4jll6 A.Lhor ; Tulwoil and TRAGEDY in INDIA:•1914 and AFI'elt tHE INDIAN S':fATES AND ;PRINCES B.1 JIM S4Jll6 A.lhor_; TUlWOIL AND TRAGEDY IN INDIA:•1914 AND AFI'Elt.. (1M'ff~Us) · THE VZ..'l>EllWORLD OF. :J!miA. tJDrtUs) THE • LURE OF THE INDUS. tJDrtUs) THE ARMIES OF INDIA. (4. 1!1 C. Bl.d) . • PIKE AND CAIUlONADE. {Stories of FI'OIIltim.). {Ji-. ~ f!l&oa) - . THE omCIAL HISTOllY OF THE WORLD WAll. EGYPT Al\"D PA.LESTINEt_ 1914-17. (B.Jf. ~ O.Jiu) . · · A Flli£I.ANCE IN KASHMIR (A ltommce.) (1a ll..,.9) • BE.Blli."D THE SCEllo'ES m: MANY WARS. a-Jl-'9) THE AIWY. (we and Wodt Scriee.) (Gf#9 Bks) ,:AFGHANISTAN: FllQ.M ,DAlliUS TO AMANULLAB. (G. Ul f!l .S..) THE INDIAN MOTlNY IN. PERSPECTIVE. (G. Ul f!IS..U) , . • GUSTAVUS A.DOLPHUS: THE NOllTHEll.'i HUlUUCANE. (BNMI (!J S..l'*") . ·.THE. JaNG•s PAWNS. (Stories of the World W;u.) (Sht.Ut. Prar) · THE :ROMANCE OF THE INDIAN FllONTIERS. c:J-t1- CIIJII) THE B.EUGIOUS AND lUDDEN CULTS OF INDIA. (S...,..c-). VIGNETTES FROM INDIAN WARS. (S..,.. .r-) ' • THE .NAllTIAL. llCES OF INDIA. (~.C..) IaPUNG•s WOMEN. (~I-) . E-n:. ••· , • A . • I.AJ rtfl 'P£RTA I3 ' ( RA J A H SI R PERTAB f N .H) AS F T H E D1PE HI AL AOET RPS THE_IND!AJ.~ STATES AND PRINCES BJ Lieut.-General SIR GEORGE ·:M.icMlJNN lko ' ~ .. K.C.B.; K.C.S.L, D.S.O.:.. • . • . JARROLDS Pllh/ishtr.r ~ND~N UmiltJ. 34 Patrrnosltr Row. E.C-4 W:OoaXXVI llade and Prillted Ia Great Britala at 7'~ JI~V~lf- PriU, Pl~ll. WIWaallkealdGD II Boa. Ltd. "' J!)36 AUTIIOR'S PREFACE ARLY in 1934 I had signed an agr. eement with my Publisher to write a book entitled T1ze Princes of EIndia, and when that was half written Sir 'Villiam Barton published his delightful and infomtive book under the same nan:ie. ,. I have therefore held back this half till the passing of the India Act had brought the story up to a later date, and could re-arrange my own book on somewhat different lines. All that Sir 'Villiam has said about his experience in many states, and his Personal acquaintance with many chiefs I heartily endorse, and I have entered somewhat more fully than he on the history of the .weaving of the pattern of India from which the whole position to-Wiy depends and from which it is inseparable. The passing of the New India Act, which has yet to ~ accepted by the Princes in"" sufficient numbers to enable it to germinate, shows the new pattern which it is designed to evolve, as the coping stone of the century and a half of rebuilding the material of the Turkish Empire that crashed and brought such disaster to the millions of India.. It is now possible to include the latest drafts of the Instrument of Accession which the Princes Will be asked to sign, as modified in accordance with Sir Samuel Hoare's promises in answer to the 'demur' of 1935, a disagreement which as he said had little in it but points of drafting, and in which the vexed matter of paramountcy did not arise. In the matter of spelling of names and places I have kept · in the historical pages to our old English way as home on the war medals and the colours of victory. In writing of modem days I have changed to the method used by the Government of India. GEORGE 1\IAcl\IUNN. 5 CONTENTS P4GB AUmOR'S PREFACE • 5 BOOK I •. THE WEAVING OF THE PATTERN OF BRITIS1f INDIA CHAPTER I THE PRINCES IN OUTLINE IS The Ruling Princes of India. The Overlords of India through the Ages. The Various Types of States. First Contacts with the British. The Princes, Viceroy, and Crown. CHAPTER II 1im RisiNG AND FADING OP mB MoGUL STAR . 26 The Struggles in the Deccan. The Rise of the Mogul, The • • Mahratta Canker. The Empire after Alamgir. The Dry-rot in the Peacock Throne. CHAPTER III NI.ZAM AND MOGUL, 1\i.AHRATTA AND AFGHAN • 37 The Rise of the Nizam-ul-Mulk, Azaf Jab. The Nizam and the Sayyads. The Development of the Mahratta Confederacy. The Coming of Nadir Shah Kuli (1738). The Mahrattas, the Mogul and the Mghan. The Destruction of the Mahratta Host by the MgbanS, 1761. · CHAPTER IV THB BRITISH, THE NIZAM, AND THE MAlmATTAS 53 The State of India after Panipat. The Nizam, the British, and Mysore. The First British Contacts with the Mahrattas. The Second Mahrat~ War, 18oJ-18o4. The Third Mahratta War, I8o4-I8o5. CHAPTER V RAJASTHAN AND THE RAJPOT CHIEFS The Rajput Chiefs and the Mahrattas. Who are the Rajputs 1 The RaJputs and the Hindu Social System. The Rajputs States to the Fall of the Moguls. The Sacas of Chitoor. The Second Saca. The Third Saca. Some Rajput Sagas. Rescued • b;r the British from the Mahrattas. 7 8 CONTENTS CHAPTER VI r.t.GS THB WEAVING OF THB PATTERN 93 The Pindaris and Nepal, x8o5-x8x6. The Fourth Mahratta­ cum-Pindari War, 1817-I8Ig'. Origin of the ' Mediatised States.' The Weaving of the Pattern and the British Peace. The~orming of Bhurtpore, 1926. The Mghan King-Making, ·. x839-184I. The Kabul Debacle, 1842. The Annexation of Sind, 1843· - CHAPTER VII THB PUNJAB, .lusmm, AND 0UDH • • ug - The Political Situation in Northern India in the Forties. The Gwalior Debacle in 1843· The Troubles in Southern Mahratta· land in 1844.- Rise of the Sikh Kingdom. The Protected Sikh States.· The First Sikh War and the attempt to Maintain a Sikh Kingdom. The Establishment of the Kingdom of Kash-­ mir. The Second Sikh War and the Annexation of the Punjab. The Situation in the Punjab in 18,7. The Kingdom of Oudh • . Lord Da!Jlousie's Annexation Policy. BOOK II THE MUTINY TO THE WORLD ~AR • CHAPTER ·VIII.. THB ~RINCES AND STATES IN !857 • • 141 India and the Princes' States immediately before the Mutiny. The Behaviour of the Princes in 1857· The Actual Effect of the Mutiny of the Bengal Army. Sindhia and Holkar. The Attitude of the Punjab States. The Example of Hyderabad. The Action of Nepal. CHAPTER IX THB PRINCES UNDER THB CROWN (1859-1919) • • , 156 The Princes under the Crown. The Mogul, the' Crown, and Paramountcy. Lord Reading on Supremacy. The Machinery that deals with the Princes. Difficulties of the Past. The New Deal. CHAPTER X THB FoRCES MAINTAINED BY THB PRINCES • J76 The Old Story of, the State Forces. The Contingents. The Imperial Service Troops. The Peculiar Conditions of Kash- • mir. J)efence Liability under a Federation. The Princes in the World War. • · CONTENTS 9 BOOK lll THE PRINCES IN MODERN INDIA CHAPTER XI .,..,.. THE MODERN STATES • _.,) • 195 General conditions. The Five Great States. The 1\.fahratta States. The Rajput States. The Punjab States. Moslem States. The Development of New States. Nepal and Mghani- stan. CHAPTER m PluNCES' INDIA ON THE EVE OP FEDEBATION • 221 The States as Grouped to-day. The Real Princes. The Chamber of Princes. Modem Problems. The Princes and the Congress. CHAPTER XIIl • I FJWM RouND TABLE TO FEDEBATION • 240 The F"u:st Round Table. The 1\.feaning of Federal Govern­ ment in India. The Princes' Attitude generally. The Demur of 1935· The Draft Instrument of Accession (Special White Paper of 1935). CHAPTER XIV THE PluNCES AND T'BElll FU'1111lE IN THE NEW PATI'ERN • 252 Federation. Representation in the Federal Assembly. P068ible Troubles Ahead. The Princes of the Future. The Outstanding Importance of the British Ccown. The Fair Horizon. ~"DIX I TBI PmNas' StATES AS GROUPED • • 265 APPE:l\"DIX ll ErrB.Acrs PJWM THE WBITB PAPER OF 1\.luCH, 1935· Pl:Jm.JsB:ED An:E1. THE P:mras' DDWR • _• • • • • 275 ~"DIX III Enucrs PJWM THE D1W'T ~"'T OP INSTRUCTIONS TO Gov!lui<m-GENEJW..S ON FEDERATION • • 279 • ... LIST OF ILLUSTRAnONS PlmTAB ' (RAJAH SIR PlmTAB SINGH) AS CoLONEL OP TUB IMPERIAL CADET CoRPS • • Frtntlilpilc. •ACllfO ....o. l'Jm ANCIENT HINDU 'I'IM:PLI OP SOMNATB IN }UNAGAD STA'm • 16 lNCII!.NT INDIA. GATEWAY AT UPARKAT. }UNAGAD STATE, KATBIAWAR • • ~ • 17 'AIN TEMPLES IN p ALITANA, TOPUB: STATE, RAJPUTANA lNCIENT HINDU TEMPLE AT DwARKA (BARODA), ON THE \VEST CoAST OJ INDIA 23 l'Jm FoRTRESS OP DAULATABAD 32 l'BI ROCK OP GwALIOR • 33 IYDERABAD. THE CHAR MINAR IN THE CITY (THE 'FoUR MINARETS ') 46 IYDERABAD. THE NIZAM's LAW CoURTS • 47 l'BI ToMB OP VIZIER SAHIB BAH-UD-DIN BHAR IN }UNAGAD, KATHIAWAR 66 lOCKY PEAKs IN }UNAGAD1 K.ATHIAWAR • 67 lR.m RAJPUTANA. THE SARBARMATI VALI..EY FROM ABu 86 l'Jm R1w. INDIA. A GATEWAY IN AJMERE, RAJpUTANA 87 I.H. THB NAWAB OJ BABAWALPUR • • 104 N 1 R..\NJI'S' }AMNAGAR , , 105 ...AD NAKHI, MoUNT ABu, RAJPUTANA • • 1a:a ~JEUT.-GENEBA.L SIR BBUPINDRA SINGH, M.uwt.\JAH OF PATL\LA 123 lNCIENT CANNON IN THB }AT STATB OF DHOLPUR • • 142 ~ FORT IN Till DECCAN, RELIC OF OLD PAR-QFP DAYS BEFORE Till BRITISH I PEACH • • 143 l'Jm MAHARAJAH OF BIKANIR • • 16o l'BI GUNGA RtssAu (BIL\NIR CAMEL CoRPS) , • 161 l'Jm JoDHPUR' LANCER , • 180 :MPERIAL SERVICB 'TllOOPS1 1912 (AT TUB TIMB OP KING GEORGE'S CoRONATION) • , • , , • • • • 181 ~YING SALT IN MITHAPUR, IN KATHIAWAR • • 198 :I.H. THB GAIK.WAR OJ BARODA • 199 ~RUIT PACKERS IN KATBIAWAR • 218 l'HE PARTAB VILLAS PALACB IN }AMNAGAR STATB1 KATHIAWAR • :u9 \N INDIAN STAn's LEAD IN SciENCE • 236 • ti.H. THB MAHARAJAH Hoi.Jwt OF INDoRE • 237 I'HB PoRT OF VERAvAL, }UNACAD STATB • • 256 I'HB PoRT OP VERAvAL, }UNACAD STATE (WEST CoAST OP INDIA) 257 ll BOOK I THE WEAVING OF THE PATTERN OF BRITISH INDIA CIIAPTER I.
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