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ISS 0409 Fuerpdf 04.09.200616:08Uhrseite1 20022_Bro_ISS_0409_fuerPDF 04.09.2006 16:08 Uhr Seite 1 Mission Brochure Missions-Broschüre Deutschland auf der ISS Germany on the ISS Die Mission ASTROLAB The ASTROLAB Mission 20022_Bro_ISS_0409_fuerPDF 04.09.2006 16:08 Uhr Seite 2 2 20022_Bro_ISS_0409_fuerPDF 04.09.2006 16:08 Uhr Seite 3 Inhalt Inhalt Die Internationale Raumstation ISS The International Space Station (ISS) Das Labor im All . 6 The Laboratory in Space Forschung unter Weltraumbedingungen . 7 Research under Space Conditions Vom Kalten Krieg zur Internationalen Kooperation – Geschichte der ISS . 14 From the Cold War to International Cooperation – the History of the ISS Die Mission ASTROLAB The ASTROLAB Mission Erster Langzeitaufenthalt eines Westeuropäers auf der ISS . 42 First Long-term Stay of a West European on the ISS Deutsche Experimente auf ASTROLAB German Experiments on ASTROLAB Lebenswissenschaften – Humanphysiologie . 52 Life Sciences – Human Physiology Lebenswissenschaften – Strahlenbiologie . 56 Life Sciences – Radiation Biology Physik . 58 Physics Industrie und Technologie . 60 Industry and Technology Neues, innovatives Funksystem für die Erde: GTS . 61 A new innovative Radio System for Earth: GTS Schulexperiment . 63 A School Experiment Weiterhin aus Deutschland an Bord der ISS . 66 What else from Germany is there on Board the ISS? 3 20022_Bro_ISS_0409_fuerPDF 04.09.2006 16:08 Uhr Seite 4 4 20022_Bro_ISS_0409_fuerPDF 04.09.2006 16:08 Uhr Seite 5 DIE INTERNATIONALE RAUMSTATION ISS THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS) 5 20022_Bro_ISS_0409_fuerPDF 04.09.2006 16:08 Uhr Seite 6 Das Labor im All The Laboratory in Space 16 Nationen betreiben derzeit ein For more than five years, 16 nations gemeinsames Großforschungslabor are jointly operating a large research im Weltall, die Internationale Raum- laboratory in space – the International station ISS. Es ist das größte wissen- Space Station (ISS). It is the greatest schaftlich-technische Projekt in der science and engineering project in the Geschichte der Menschheit. Es beweist, history of mankind, eliving evidence dass eine friedliche internationale that the peaceful international utili- Nutzung des Weltraums zum Vorteil zation of space to the advantage of aller Partner möglich und sinnvoll all partners is both possible and sen- ist. Daran haben auch die zeitlichen sible. This is true in spite of the delays Verzögerungen und technischen Pro- and technical problems that beset the bleme beim Aufbau der ISS nichts construction of the ISS, for despite geändert. Im Gegenteil: Das ambi- all this, the project is being pursued tionierte Projekt wird mit großem with great commitment. Ever since Engagement fortgeführt. Seit dem the first occupants “moved in” on „Erstbezug“ am 2. November 2000 November 2, 2000, astronauts have forschen Astronauten auf der ISS, been conducting research on the ISS, darunter auch an exzellenten Experi- including excellent experiments from menten aus Deutschland. ISS-Partner Germany. The ISS partners include sind die USA, Russland, elf Mitglied- the USA, Russia, eleven ESA member staaten der ESA, Kanada und Japan. states, Canada, and Japan. 6 20022_Bro_ISS_0409_fuerPDF 04.09.2006 16:08 Uhr Seite 7 Forschung unter Weltraumbedingungen Research under Space Conditions Die Schwerkraft oder Gravitation ist Gravity is omnipresent on Earth. All auf der Erde allgegenwärtig. Alle physical, chemical, and biological physikalischen, chemischen und bio- processes on our planet are subject logischen Vorgänge laufen auf der to this condition. In many ways, the Erde unter dieser Bedingung ab. effect of gravity is there for all to Häufig spielt die Schwerkraft eine see: Things fall to the ground, water unübersehbare Rolle: Alles fällt zu flows downhill, and houses collapse Boden, Wasser fließt ins Tal und bei when disasters strike. However, Naturkatastrophen stürzen Häuser ein. there are many natural and technical Bei vielen Vorgängen in Natur und processes in which the influence of Technik ist der Einfluss der Schwer- gravity is not immediately distinguish- kraft jedoch nicht unmittelbar zu able, although it is as fundamental erkennen. Die Schwerkraft ist aber here as elsewhere. auch hier von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung. As a perpetual constant, gravity has been a key factor in evolution: For four billion Als immer konstante Größe hat die Gra- years, life on our planet has been inextri- vitation maßgeblich auch die Evolution cably interwoven with the force of gravity. beeinflusst: Schwerkraft und Leben sind auf unserem Planeten seit vier Milliarden Jahren untrennbar miteinander verbunden. Aus diesen Gründen ergibt sich für wichtige Forschungsfelder in der Medizin, der Biologie, der Physik und in den Mate- rialwissenschaften der Bedarf, unter Welt- raumbedingungen zu forschen. Weltraumbedingungen bedeuten hier insbesondere Schwerelosigkeit oder allgemeiner: veränderte Schwerkraft- bedingungen. 7 20022_Bro_ISS_0409_fuerPDF 04.09.2006 16:08 Uhr Seite 8 Das Programm der DLR-Raumfahrt- For these reasons, basic research in a Agentur „Forschung unter Weltraum- number of important fields, including bedingungen“ als Teil des Deutschen medicine, biology, physics, and materials Raumfahrtprogramms fördert Unter- science, needs to be conducted under suchungen zum Einfluss der veränderten space conditions, which specifically Schwerkraftbedingungen auf bestimmte means microgravity or, more generally, Phänomene in den Bio- und den Material- modified gravity in this context. wissenschaften. Hierdurch können neue Erkenntnisse in Wissenschaft und Tech- Forming part of Germany’s Space Pro- nologie gewonnen und dann in innovative gramme, a programme of the DLR Space Anwendungen für die Menschen auf der Agency entitled Research under Space Erde umgesetzt werden. Im Einzelnen Conditions supports investigations into the verfolgt das DLR mit der Forschung unter influence of modified gravity conditions Weltraumbedingungen vier Ziele: on various phenomena in life and physical sciences. The insights thus gained by - Erforschung grundlegender science and technology may then be Lebensfunktionen translated into innovative applications for the people on Earth. Specifically, the - Entwicklung neuer Diagnostik- DLR’s research under space conditions methoden und Therapien in der serves four objectives: Medizin - Erweiterung der Horizonte in der Physik - To investigate basic vital functions; - Innovative Materialforschung - To develop new methods of diagnosis and therapy in medicine; - To expand the horizons of physics; and - To conduct innovative materials research. 8 20022_Bro_ISS_0409_fuerPDF 04.09.2006 16:08 Uhr Seite 9 Die Internationale Raumstation ISS > Forschung unter Weltraumbedingungen The International Space Station (ISS) > Research under Space Conditions Erforschung Investigation of grundlegender Basic Vital Functions Lebensfunktionen As life on Earth is subject to the influence of gravity, some life functions can be Da das Leben auf der Erde unter dem explored only in its absence, when scien- Einfluss der Schwerkraft abläuft, lässt tists may observe how organisms live sich ihre Bedeutung für viele Funktionen and what course biological processes des Lebens nur in Schwerelosigkeit erfor- take without that factor. From these schen. Dabei beobachten die Wissen- observations, conclusions may be drawn schaftler, wie Organismen reagieren und about how gravity is perceived and re- wie biologische Vorgänge unter diesen sponded to by all living beings, protozoa Bedingungen ablaufen. Hieraus ziehen as well as humans. Such insights are of sie Rückschlüsse über die Mechanismen great importance in basic research, for der Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung von they help us to improve our understand- Erforschung des Gleichgewichtsorgans an Fischen Schwerkraft vom Einzeller bis zum ing of how signals are processed, and Investigation of the Vestibular System Menschen. Derartige Erkenntnisse sind how life on our home planet originated, in Fish von großer Bedeutung für die Grund- spread, and developed. lagenforschung, so etwa für das Ver- ständnis der Verarbeitung von Signalen ganz allgemein. Sie helfen auch, die Entstehung, Verbreitung und Entwick- Developing new lung des Lebens auf unserem Heimat- planeten besser zu verstehen. Methods of Diag- nosis and Therapy Neue Diagnostik- in Medicine methoden und Furthermore, these investigations are of eminent importance in biotechnology Messung von schnellen Flüssigkeits- Therapien für die and medicine. They provide us with fresh verschiebungen beim Menschen knowledge about the interaction be- Measurement of rapid Body Fluid Shifts Medizin tween the various systems of the human in Humans body, such as muscles and bones, the Die Untersuchungen sind außerdem heart, the cardiovascular system, and the von herausragendem Interesse für die immune system. This knowledge, in turn, Medizin und Biotechnologie. Sie liefern is incorporated in the diagnosis and ther- neue Erkenntnisse über das Zusammen- apy of the sick. Thus, research under spiel der verschiedenen Systeme des space conditions has brought forth inno- menschlichen Körpers, etwa der Muskeln vative therapies to treat osteoporosis as und Knochen, des Herzens und Kreis- well as new instruments to measure eye laufs sowie des Immunsystems. Dieses movements and intraocular pressure – to Wissen fließt in die Diagnostik und The- name only a few. rapie kranker Menschen ein. So konnten durch die Forschung unter Weltraum- bedingungen beispielsweise neuartige Therapien für die Behandlung von Osteo- porose oder Instrumente zur Messung des Augeninnendrucks und der Augen-
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