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SpacE Exploration and Development Systems (SEEDS) 2014 “Missions and Expeditions to Mars” Orpheus Executive Summary SEEDS Executive Summary 09/2014 Page 1 SEEDS Executive Summary 09/2014 Page 2 List of authors: Crescenzio Ruben Xavier AMENDOLA Portia BOWMAN Samuel BROCKSOPP Andrea D’OTTAVIO Alex GEE Samuel R. F. KENNEDY Antonio MAGARIELLO Adrian MORA BOLUDA Ignacio REY Alex ROSENBAUM Joachim STRENGE Aurthur Vimalachandran THOMAS JAYACHANDRAN SEEDS Executive Summary 09/2014 Page 3 SEEDS Executive Summary 09/2014 Page 4 ABSTRACT This six crew mission called Orpheus has been designed in order to fulfil some main objectives of space exploration: scientific advancements, technological progress, public outreach and international cooperation. This paper investigates the possibility of exploring the Martian system by using a manned spacecraft, the Crew Interplanetary Vehicle, (CIV) and a cargo vehicle, the Mars Automated Transfer Vehicle (MATV). The main payloads, carried by the high efficiency solar electric MATV, are a two-passenger spacecraft landing on Phobos; an orbital laboratory and a rover network for deployment to the surface of Mars. In order to cope with the constraints imposed for a human mission to deep space, the feasibility study has been performed using a human-centred design approach. The main output of the mission is the preliminary design of the CIV. Furthermore, the main parameters of the MATV as well as the orbital laboratory and the Phobos Lander were estimated. The manned spacecraft is designed to depart from LEO in 2036 using chemical propulsion. Once in Mars proximity, the main manoeuvres will be performed using nuclear thermal propulsion and a bi-propellant chemical system will perform the minor manoeuvres. Orpheus is designed to be a short stay mission in proximity of Mars, including two landings on Phobos; the aim being the return of scientifically valuable samples for analysis on Earth. Finally, the CIV will return to Earth resulting in a total mission duration of 602 days, while the MATV and the rover network will continue to perform scientific investigations on Mars. Significant conclusions of the project are approaches to deal with the some of the most critical challenges encountered at present such as radiation shielding, the boil-off problem, nuclear propulsion systems and long term human spaceflight. The challenges of this project were addressed by working in rigorous collaboration over six months. The result is an innovative concept of a manned Mars mission, leading to outputs which can help to pave the way to the future of manned space exploration. SEEDS Executive Summary 09/2014 Page 5 SEEDS Executive Summary 09/2014 Page 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank all the people who helped and supported us all along these months to finally present our work in ESTEC. Firstly, we would like to thank all the people who organised the SEEDS project in Torino and particularly Mr. Enrico Beruto, Pr. Gianfranco Chiocchia, Pr. Nicole Viola, Pr. Ernesto Vallerani, and all the experts in Thales Alenia Space with special thanks to Mr. Claudio Ferro and Mr. Eugenio Gargioli. Secondly, all the professors and experts in Toulouse have been extremely supportive of all the time and attention given over to putting this project together. We thank particularly Pr. Benedicte Escudier, Ms. Lizy- Destrez, M. Emmanuel Zenou, and M. Alain Lacombe. The help of all the experts from CNES, ALTEC Thales Alenia Space, and Airbus Defence and Space have also been highly appreciated. Last but not least, many thanks to the great team of professors in Leicester for their dedication and involvement in this great adventure. We want to give special recognition to Dr. Richard Ambrosi, and Dr. Nigel Bannister who have been of huge support during our time in Leicester, and also Dr. Ian Hutchinson, Dr. Hugo Williams and Dr. John Bridges. SEEDS Executive Summary 09/2014 Page 7 SEEDS Executive Summary 09/2014 Page 8 FOREWORD & PRESENTATION OF THE AUTHORS Three parallel SEEDS (SpacE Exploration Development Systems) classes are recruited every year at Politecnico di Torino, ISAE Toulouse and University of Leicester, each with a maximum of 15 students. The first 5-6 months are spent at the recruiting Institution and mainly consist of class lectures and exercises providing the general foundations of the various disciplines related to Space Exploration. In the following 6-7 months the students (12 in the 2014 edition) extensively develop the SEEDS Project Work (PW) under the guide of experienced senior tutors. Thanks to its extension the Project Work of SEEDS is one of its main qualifying features. It is divided into three phases, each one performed in a different SEEDS site and dedicated to a special aspect of space exploration. A general topic is identified every year (examples of past topics are the preliminary design of a lunar outpost or a mission to an asteroid). Each PW phase is dedicated to a specific aspect of the selected topic, also taking into account the locally available expertise. The three phases are hosted in a temporal sequence by universities (in Toulouse and Leicester), industries (Thales Alenia Space and ALTEC in Turin) and centres of the European towns associated with SEEDS. During the entirety of the PW the students from Torino, Toulouse and Leicester are grouped together and work in a cross-national team. The PW itself is an advanced and ambitious activity, comparable to a “Phase A Study” and intended to produce scientific reports to be diffused worldwide in the space community. On more than one occasion partial results have been presented by the students to international conferences. For example, after the work described in this project the students intend to present their work at the IAC 2015 in Jerusalem. This Executive Summary followed by a discussion in front of international experts at the ESTEC facilities concludes the course. ◊◊◊ Crescenzio Ruben Xavier Amendola was born in Napoli (Italy) in 1990. He obtained a Bachelor degree in Aerospace Engineering in Italy (Universita’ di Napoli - Federico II) and took part in the Erasmus project in Sevilla (Spain). After the Bachelor Degree, he did an internship at ‘Costruzioni Aeronautiche Tecnam’ (Napoli - Italy), where he was in charge of drawing up the airworthiness manual for a light aircraft. In 2012 Crescenzio moved to France to enrol in the M.Sc. in ‘Aerospace Avionics and echanics’ at ‘Institut Sup rieur de l’A ronauti ue et de l’Espace’ of Toulouse There, he specialized in Aeronautical and Space Structures and he undertook several space related studies. He is both a basketball player and coach, and his main hobbies are traveling and photography. In order to deepen his knowledge in space systems engineering, he joined the SpacE Exploration and Development Systems (SEEDS) International Master in March 2014: the 6-months project is a ‘’Preliminary Phase A study’’ focused on the ‘’Exploration of ars from its Proximity” All along the mission design, Crescenzio has covered several roles: mission analyst, head of ‘‘Design, echanics and Structure’’ working group and member of Science team, mainly involved in the habitability of Mars and Phobos. He was also in charge of the presentation in all three phases. ◊◊◊ SEEDS Executive Summary 09/2014 Page 9 Portia Bowman was born in Kent (UK) in 1992. She completed her undergraduate studies in 2013 with a BSc in Physics with Astrophysics, with a main project working on the analysis of data from an instrument on ENVISAT. She is currently the UKSEDS (UK Students for the Exploration and Development of Space) Careers Officer, and enjoys star-gazing, swimming and outdoor activities. Portia went on to study on the SEEDS MSc program at the University of Leicester, to graduate in 2014. During the international project phase she filled the roles of Project Manager and Systems Engineer. As Project Manager she organised the work breakdown and resource allocation, ensured the project ran to schedule and that the outputs were delivered on time. She also worked on the detailed Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) design and worked as part of the Science team with a focus on science at Phobos. ◊◊◊ Samuel Ryan Brocksopp was born in Derby, England in 1991. He has a background in physics, having graduated from the University of Leicester in 2013, and is currently the sponsorship officer for UKSEDS (UK Students for the Exploration and Development of Space). His technical experiences involve 4 months within the Rolls Royce Civil Nuclear, analysing construction logistics for heavy pressure vessels, and Submarine divisions. More broadly he has experience teaching STEM subjects to students (aged 11-18) through UKSEDS outreach and the Extreme Physics program. In October 2013 he joined the Erasmus variant of the SEEDS, SpacE Exploration and Development Systems, MSc program with the intention to enter the growing space sector. During the 6 month international feasibility study, into a manned Mars proximity mission, he has been a lead member of the communication and nuclear electric propulsion subsystems. ◊◊◊ Andrea D’Ottavio was born in Turin (Italy) in 1987 In December 2012, he obtained a M.S.c in Aerospace and Astronautical Engineering in Italy (Politecnico di Torino). From February 2013, Andrea became Assistant Researcher at the Department of Aerospace Engineering of Politecnico di Torino, starting to collaborate with Alenia Aermacchi on the SMAT-F2 Project, as a UAV System and Safety Design Engineer. In September 2013, Andrea started a new collaboration as System Design Engineer with Thales-Alenia Space in the AMALIA Project. In the same period he also obtained the European qualification of Superior Technical for Aircraft Maintenance. In November 2013 he joined in the Second Level Specialised Master SEEDS, SpacE Exploration and Development Systems an International Master through three different countries. In the first phase Andrea was enrolled in the Mission Analysis Team as a head of Propulsion Systems while for the entire Italian phase, he assumed the role of SEEDS Project Manager, continuing to work in the Mission Analysis Team and in the development of the Nuclear Propulsion Systems.
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