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Seafood Group Project Final Report

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Seafood Group Project Final Report University of California, Santa Barbara Bren School of Environmental Science and Management From Sea to Table: Recommendations for Tracing Seafood 2010 Group Project Jamie Gibbon Connor Hastings Tucker Hirsch Kristen Hislop Eric Stevens Faculty Advisors: Hunter Lenihan John Melack Client: Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Sustainable Seafood Initiative From Sea to Table: Recommendations for Tracing Seafood From Sea to Table: Recommendations for Tracing Seafood As authors of this Group Project report, we are proud to archive this report on the Bren School’s website such that the results of our research are available for all to read. Our signatures on the document signify our joint responsibility to fulfill the archiving standards set by the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management. Jamie Gibbon Connor Hastings Tucker Hirsch Kristen Hislop Eric Stevens The mission of the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management is to produce professionals with unrivaled training in environmental science and management who will devote their unique skills to the diagnosis, assessment, mitigation, prevention, and remedy of the environmental problems of today and the future. A guiding principal of the School is that the analysis of environmental problems requires quantitative training in more than one discipline and an awareness of the physical, biological, social, political, and economic consequences that arise from scientific or technological decisions. The Group Project is required of all students in the Master’s of Environmental Science and Management (MESM) Program. It is a three-quarter activity in which small groups of students conduct focused, interdisciplinary research on the scientific, management, and policy dimensions of a specific environmental issue. This Final Group Project Report is authored by MESM students and has been reviewed and approved by: Hunter Lenihan John Melack March 2010 From Sea to Table: Recommendations for Tracing Seafood Abstract The seafood industry currently lacks a standardized, widespread tracing method to easily track seafood products as they move through the chain of custody. With global overfishing leading to declining fish stocks around the world, it is vital for seafood providers to be able to credibly identify products that come from well-managed sustainable fisheries that target abundant species and fish or farm in environmentally responsible ways. As part of their effort to promote the sale of sustainable seafood, Monterey Bay Aquarium has created partnerships with members of the seafood industry throughout the United States. These partnerships encourage members of the supply chain to identify the source and trace the movements of the seafood products they purchase. This project provides a set of recommendations for a verifiable tracing system that would meet the needs of a wide variety of these industry members. We developed a tiered approach that includes recommendations for immediate implementation, as well as future steps to be taken once the initial system is established. Online Reporting can initially be used alone and then later paired with Product Tagging and Third Party Verification to produce a tracing system that is effective, comprehensive, and verifiable, and will meet the needs of Monterey Bay Aquarium and its partners. ‐iii‐ From Sea to Table: Recommendations for Tracing Seafood Acknowledgements We would like to start our acknowledgements by thanking our advisors, Dr. Hunter Lenihan and Dr. John Melack, for their guidance and support throughout our project. We would also like to thank Dr. Chris Costello, Dr. Kim Selkoe, and Chris Voss for graciously giving us their time to provide us with invaluable advice. Additionally, we would like to thank Dr. Steven Gaines and Dr. Bruce Kendall for sitting on our defense panel and providing us with constructive feedbacks for improvements to our work. Thank you to Dr. Kim Selkoe, Dr. Chris Costello, and our client, the Monterey Bay Aquarium, for their efforts in proposing this project and providing the framework with which to commence our research. At the Monterey Bay Aquarium we would specifically like to thank Ed Cassano, Dr. Geoff Shester, and Erin Hudson. We would especially like to thank our contacts in the seafood industry, without which we would not have been able to complete this project. Special thanks to our contact at Santa Monica Seafood, Logan Kock, who provided many contacts. Additionally, thanks to Jim Gilmore from At-sea Processor Association, Lynette Walsh from Calkins & Burke, Lucas Barrowman and Michael Romine from Cleanfish, Melanie Merry from Naturally New Zealand and Solander Pacific, Jim Morrison from Northern Wind, Nick Sakagami from Trident Marketing, Inc., Andrew Furner from Trace Register, Tony Grey and David Arnett from Central Pacific Tuna, Helge Kittelsen and Gunsu Altindag from Trace Tracker, Allison Corcoran from Surefish, Dave Andersen from Aquarium of the Bay, Natalie Webster at American Tuna, and Anne Nistad and Susan Marks from Marine Stewardship Council. ‐iv‐ From Sea to Table: Recommendations for Tracing Seafood Table of Contents Abstract................................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................iv Executive Summary............................................................................................................ 1 Project Significance ............................................................................................................ 5 Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 6 Methods................................................................................................................................. 7 Background .......................................................................................................................... 8 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................8 Case Studies........................................................................................................................27 Farmed Salmon ......................................................................................................................... 28 Wild Scallops.............................................................................................................................. 31 Yellowfin Tuna .......................................................................................................................... 34 Traceability Schemes .......................................................................................................41 Third Party Verification.......................................................................................................... 41 Online Reporting....................................................................................................................... 44 Product Tagging........................................................................................................................ 48 Costs.....................................................................................................................................50 Third Party Verification.......................................................................................................... 50 Product Tagging........................................................................................................................ 51 Online Reporting....................................................................................................................... 52 Industry Perceptions ........................................................................................................54 Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 55 Matrix Results............................................................................................................................ 56 Important Findings................................................................................................................... 60 Recommendations.............................................................................................................61 Limitations for Tracing Implementation.....................................................................63 Future Research ................................................................................................................65 Conclusions.........................................................................................................................66 Figures.................................................................................................................................67 References...........................................................................................................................72 ‐v‐ From Sea to Table: Recommendations for Tracing Seafood Executive Summary The worldwide demand for seafood has led to industrialized fishing on a scale that has severely depleted fish stocks and has negatively impacted the health of marine ecosystems. As fishermen exploit fisheries and “fish down the food chain”, the trophic levels of fish landings are changing dramatically, leading to
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