ISSUE 2 NOVEMBER 2018 LAND EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM JOURNALLAND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EQUIPMENT

CONTINUED

LEMS JOURNAL FOCUSING ON THE FUTURE

National Défense Defence nationale FIELD OFFICER TRAINING EXERCISE:

The Royal Canadian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers School is mandated to provide the world-class soldier-technicians and officers of the Corps of RCEME with the necessary state-of-the-art training and skills to maintain the complex equipment in the Canadian Armed Forces. In the photo above, students on a training exercise are about to occupy a new harbour location.

See story on Page 16.

Cover photo: A member of a simulated opposing force fires a C-6 machine gun at a defensive position occupied by members of the Canadian Army Reserve, 4th Canadian Division, during Exercise STALWART GUARDIAN on August 26, 2015 at Garrison Petawawa, Ontario.

Photo credit: 32 Canadian Brigade Group Public Affairs | PA02-2015-0213-0181 LEMS JOURNAL LAND EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM JOURNAL

DIRECTOR GENERAL’S COMMENTS Our focus on the future will bring even greater levels of capability by BGen A.T. Benson...... 2

Director General Land Equipment Program INNOVATIONS Management Thoughts on the Future of LEMS at the Tactical Level Brigadier-General by LCol Jeff Spitzig...... 3 A.T. Benson Progress Being Made on the Reintegration of SIGS into LEMS by MWO Sean Hewitt...... 6

Editorial Team ARTICLES Maj Nicolas Arseneault, Ammunition Engineers Prepare for the Future by Attending a G4 Plans 2, Canadian Army Masters Program at RMC Headquarters by Capt Jean-François Fournier...... 8 Maj Nathalie Bullliard, RCEME Corps Coordinator RCEME plays a vital role within the Strategic Joint Staff by Maj Charles Turcotte...... 10 CWO Jeff Saunders, RCEME Corps Sergent-Major Failure & Accident Investigation and Battlefield Vehicle Forensics Major Jason Das, Contribute to CAF’s Operational Success Material Group Mat J3 Ops/Liaison by Maj Glen Butcher and Vince Horne...... 11 Ian Mack, Concealability as a CJOC future requirement LEPM Program Coordinator by Maj K.J.G. Zizian...... 14 Major Tony Nguyen, The RCEME School – Leading the charge on the development of technicians Project Director – and leaders of tomorrow Enhanced Recovery Capability by Capt S.J. Kuzmich, Sgt J.M. Smith and MWO R.C. Woolsey...... 16 Send articles and PROJECT UPDATES comments to: [email protected] Mobile Tactical Vehicle Fitter – LAV 6.0 Power Pack and Turret Lift Update by Maj Rob Cummings...... 20 Coordinating Editor Tom Douglas The Future of the C6 Machine Gun in the Canadian Armed Forces [email protected] by Maj Geoff M. Wall and Bobby Cruise...... 22 Tel. (289) 837-3168 Contract Gives the Green Light for a New and Improved Headquarters Shelter System (HQSS) Graphic Design and by Elefteria Gagaous, with contribution by HQSS Team...... 27 Project Management d2k Graphic Design & Web www.d2k.ca Tel. (819) 771-5710 LEMS Journal is an unofficial publication of the Canadian Armed Forces published by the Director General Land Equipment Program Management. The content of each article represents the views of the author or authors and does not necessarily represent official policy or opinion. The distribution of LEMS Journal is mainly done electronically. A digital version of this issue can be found at http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/about-org-structure/assistant-deputy-minister-materiel.page. Unless noted otherwise, articles within this publication may be reprinted. Proper credit and a courtesy copy of the reprinted material would be appreciated. ISSN Number: 2561-5882 English Version online DIRECTOR GENERAL’S COMMENTS Our focus on the future will bring even greater levels of capability

By BGen A.T. Benson

high expectations from all of our stake- the forthcoming Headquarters Shelter holders. I can assure you that we are up System; from the mundane importance to the challenge to meet our mandate of using the correct fluids to the heady of a well-equipped Canadian Army – application of battlefield forensics. not just now, but well into the future. We do so while exploring the realms of science, education, engineering, Governing the life cycle of war-winning, equipment support, project manage- Army-focused equipment is an activity ment, investigation, and maintenance – with no finish line. Unlike tactical t is with pleasure, as Director each a discipline critical to the delivery units, we cannot consolidate on the of land equipment maintenance. General of Land Equipment objective when we deliver on Strong, Program Management (DGLEPM), The scope is broad, but as I stated I Secure, Engaged – or ever. Truly earlier I am certain you too are up that I introduce you to our second issue effective governance demands a to the challenge. of the Land Equipment Management continuous journey of improvement System Journal, where we continue with in our products, services, knowledge, the theme of focusing on the future. and culture. The Land Equipment As I write, we are involved in the Management System Journal is one of delivery of the Strong, Secure, Engaged our most important tools by which equipment program. The Canadian we hone all four. Armed Forces is poised to advance to an To that end, in this issue we range unprecedented level with leading-edge from the battlefield to the strategic; technologies and capabilities to meet from the venerable C6 machine gun to Canada’s security mandate. There are

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2 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 DIRECTOR GENERAL’S COMMENTS Thoughts on the Future of LEMS at the Tactical Level

By LCol Jeff Spitzig This article builds on the future vision of LEMS set out by Col Dundon in the previous issue of the Journal. It highlights the collective thoughts from numerous leaders within our Corps that were generated during two Working Groups (WGs) held to specifically address this topic in the past year and those from numerous follow-on conversations. It is intended to provide the reader with an introduction to the five areas of focus or Lines of Effort (LoE) on which future conversations surrounding this subject will be based.

iscussions on the future are entrepreneur Elon Musk regularly the CA at the tactical level in the future. often centred with great surface in announcing great accom- This article provides a glimpse into the D optimism on what can be plishments, or in predictions of impres- focus areas of this work. achieved and how the future can sive future achievements. Similarly, the be shaped. Artificial intelligence Corps of RCEME is also looking for- What does the future hold for the (AI) and 3D metal printing (Additive ward at how best to leverage the advan- Corps of RCEME? How far away is Manufacturing (AD)) are both emerging tages of future technology. Based on LEMS from employing 3D printers technologies being pursued by such the Canadian Army’s (CA) capstone and benefiting from AI? The Tactical enterprises as Amazon, Google, and document Close Engagement, leaders Armoured Patrol Vehicle (TAPV), for General Electric (GE). Other companies within the Corps have committed a example, uses Line Replaceable Units such as Apple continue to be industry great deal of time and effort to shape (LRUs) that are closer in nature to a leaders in the pursuit of cutting-edge the structure of LEMS to best support commercial product than other current technology. Further, names such as fleets. Could this then result in more

LEMS Effects

LOE 1 OBJ 1 – Competent and resourced techs and LEEs “Personnel” incl operators involvement Vital Ground: Network enabled LOE 2 OBJ 2 – Networked, flexible and relevant Mission: “Materiel” CoG: maint assets Key Terrain: Enable Agile, Equipment culture effective adaptive LOE 3 OBJ 3 – Fluid LEMS LEMS structure to ensure and Vision: “LEMS Structure” efficient Maint Org Sp on/off scalable Advancement of battlefield orgs capabilities in sp of OBJ 4 – LEMS supported Close Engagement LOE 4 by and up to date with “Emerging technologies” new technologies End State: OBJ 5 – LEMS Credible, confident, LOE 5 (incl techs, eqpt, sustain and relevant to the “LEMS network” chain) connected real time CAFoT (voice, data, technet)

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 3 maintenance responsibility placed the information they provide to include The credibility of the Corps has on the operator? Is it then unrealistic their small bandwidth needs and been achieved through the day-to-day to think that, in the near future, an limited electronic signature that could efforts and continual success of soldier- unattended system delivering an LRU be exploited by means of a cyber technicians. Hence, identifying an LoE to a vehicle casualty could negate threat. This represents an evolution as Personnel was of utmost importance. the requirement to have a technician from the current standard of maintenance Looking forward, technicians and forward? For instance, could the vehicle based on distance driven or on a set junior leaders must be provided with operator receive the item, complete and structured schedule. more authority, responsibility, and a one-for-one replacement, and then accountability. The goal must be to send the unattended system back with increase the technical relevancy of the damaged or faulty part? technicians so they remain at the very least in stride with their peers in the Advances in 3D Printing “Looking forward, civilian sector. From a tactical and technical perspective, technicians at From a 3D printing perspective, technicians and all levels will be inculcated on a how far away is the capability for an junior leaders must gradual scale to the six core tasks unattended system to print the part be provided with – plan, advise, develop, investigate, or LRU while en route to the forward more authority, modify, and analyze – and to the location? By extension, could a similar responsibility and four operational concepts of lethality, unmanned system respond to the accountability.” survivability, mobility and sustain- need to repair structural damages on ability. Further, it is envisioned that a vehicle through the use of advanced training will empower the technician procedures and composite material, on promotion to warrant officer to again without human involvement? advise on all four occupations. Change This touches on the tenet of: Repair would also extend beyond the Corps as far forward as possible. Will LEMS in the Future to operators who would assume a technology make this: Enable the Battlespace greater level of responsibility and repair as far forward as possible empowerment, supported of course by more suitable in the future? Scenarios such as these and many others have emerged during recent technicians or via communications with Migrating from the reactive response, discussions focused on how to best Field Service Representatives similar to how can technology be used to effect LEMS support in the future the OnStar on steroids analogy used by improve and/or augment predictive battlespace. In his article in the Col Dundon. maintenance? Could Health Usage previous journal, Col Dundon mentioned and Monitoring Systems (HUMS) be the concept of a futuristic supercomputer A Significant Challenge augmented by regular communications or means of AI he named SADIE that Materiel Resources is the second LoE. between vehicles and/or systems – would serve in a secure area augmented Building a supporting structure to which is then automatically compiled by humans to coordinate the response accommodate the vehicles and materiel and sent as data to the command post? to predictive maintenance calls and currently in-service – and those techno- Sent in in the form of quick ‘pings’ the employment of MRTs. He also logically advanced fleets of the future – on infrequent and irregular intervals, proposed options on how repair presents a significant challenge. The these pings could deliver simple codes parts could be delivered to vehicle CAF vehicle fleets have always been that reflect the health of the platform – casualties in the future. These recent a mix of old and new; however, an which in this case would not be exclusively discussions have simply responded unprecedented delta between the new vehicles but could include weapons, to his call for further dialogue. As a and old fleets is anticipated owing to weapons systems, sites, and so on. The consequence, five LoE’s have emerged, the rapid advancement of technology. value of these ‘pings’ extends beyond all based on Close Engagement. The commonality of Integrated

4 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 Logistics Support (ILS) is one of a in the battlespace. The goal is not This is a pivotal time for the Corps of myriad of factors that can reduce the to develop the communications RCEME. An opportunity exists now future support tail. And it’s one that architecture of the future but to define to shape the future of LEMS through must be addressed now. It goes without the requirements to enable LEMS in the adoption of emerging technology saying that managing the relatively all possible roles and in all probable in a wide range of fields. While it will ‘maintenance heavy’ current fleets support structures. What will be most without doubt have the greatest impact, concurrent to future vehicles and challenging is clearly articulating the LEMS structure and communications systems with LRUs that can `ping` to need so that it is well understood and network must be built to enable the highlight their predictive maintenance justified to ensure that future LEMS innovative technological concepts needs and then extending that to fully support is not unduly hampered by pursued. In addition, the expected autonomous platforms will demand a communications limitations resulting evolution of the vehicles and materiel rather fluid and adaptable structure. from a perception that it is less important supported cannot be ignored. All of and can therefore be a lower priority. these issues demand careful study and calculated risk. In doing this now, Emerging Technology the Corps of RCEME will advance in tandem with the CA and set “An opportunity The fourth and most topical LoE is the conditions for success of future exists now to shape Emerging Technology. The decisions RCEME technicians and junior leaders. made in the prioritization and use of the future of LEMS They have built the credibility of the one aspect of technology over another through the adoption of Corps of RCEME and, through future will have ramifications on each of the emerging technology.” dialogue and follow-on work, they other four LoEs. While not all inclusive, will be empowered and enabled to discussions have touched on robotics, continue to do exactly that. additive engineering, artificial intelligence, This eventuality ties into LEMS and disruptive technology. There is LCol Spitzig is Director Land Structure LoE that focuses on the support such a wide range of opportunities to Equipment Program Staff backdrop to enable the technician and pursue that the challenge will be to (DLEPS) 3, in DGLEPM and operator. In this future battlespace, limit the focus to what is reasonably COS RCEME. a proactive support structure that achievable and to those actions that minimizes the lines of communication will be advantageous to the Corps in will be invaluable. This focus area the future battlespace. These topics will will address concepts such as human likely serve as a springboard to others factors, data management and analysis, as some elements are implemented procurement channels, and redundancy. and additional concepts emerge. LEMS structure would provide the architecture of future support, and enable – among many other capacities – Col Dundon’s Uber analogy of “Communication decentralized and responsive MRTs. has always been and Moving from structure, identifying will continue to be a the needs of a LEMS Communications crucial enabler in the network was selected as another LoE. battlespace.” Communication has always been and will continue to be a crucial enabler

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 5 Progress Being Made on the Reintegration of SIGS into LEMS

By MWO Sean Hewitt

ey Signals and LEMS stakeholders journey toward the integration. Among (Command, Control, Communications, met in early 2017 to discuss the many efforts and tasks required for Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and K and establish a campaign plan integration, DLCSPM has been working Reconnaissance) program management. to re-integrate and align Army Signals to integrate tactical communication tactical communications mainte­nance systems, ancillary equipment supply, In order to address the Army’s within LEMS. With the approval and and maintenance management into Communication and Information concurrence of the affected directors, LEMS. DLCSPM is a directorate within System (CIS) maintenance deficien- including Director of Signals, Director Director General Land Equipment cies and capability gaps addressed by Land Command Systems Program Program Management (DGLPEM) the fleet maintenance review, the initial Management (DLCSPM), and Director whose role is to provide the Canadian planning working group defined four Land Equipment Program Staff Army and deployed task force com- Lines of Effort (LOE) that needed to (DLEPS), work is underway on the manders with effective Joint C4ISR be addressed: policy reform, workflow processes, organizational structures,

LOE 1 – Policy Reform OBJ 1 – All applicable LEMS Vital Ground: 1 2 3 4 policies are adjusted to tac Operational capabilities comms realities and adhered to are known, and available to, Commanders Mission: LOE 2 – Workflow Processes 3 OBJ 2 – Business practices Key Terrain: To establish a are standardized to a National 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 Business planning for tac formal mainte- standard nance program 4 comms eqpt enabled for tactical LOE 3 – Organizational Structures communica- OBJ 3 – Org structures and End State: tions equip- reporting lines are optimized An enduring LEMS ment 1 2 3 4 5 to enable and sustain mainte- maintenance program is nance program instituted for tactical com- munication equipment, LOE 4 – Governance OBJ 4 – Ensure concept is that will ensure oper- supported by all stakeholders, ational capabilities are 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 particularly Sigs, RCEME effectively and efficiently and CoC maintained Ph 1 – Ph 2 – Ph 3 – Planning Strategic Execution Tactical Execution

Policy Reform Workflow Processes Organizational Structures Governance

1. DLCI integrated into LPRC 1. Maintenance workflow mapped 1. Input from field force and 1. Oversight Committee established 2. DIRLAUTH established between 2. Capability gaps identified targeted staff compiled 2. Comms plan developed Tech writers and DLCI Rep (DRMIS, trg, PYs, functions) 2. Options developed and 3. Link with strategic stakeholders 3. DP - Applicable policies selected 3. DP – Workflow approved compared, recommendation and field force formalized provided and prioritized for Sigs inclusion 4. DP – TACIS functionality 4. Opportunities to ensure enduring 4. Policies adjusted through LPRC integration into DRMIS approved 3. DP – C2 Structure selected effect identified 5. DRMIS change requests 4. ECP requirements identified 5. MID signed and distributed completed through DLEPS 8 5. ECPs completed 6. CAO signed and distributed 6. Funding for TACIS migration 7. Comms between RCEME and secured Sigs Corps established 7. Trade training courses adjusted 8. Oversight Committee integrated 8. Local training packages into LEMS Governance OC established 9. TACIS integrated into DRMIS

= Decision Point = CoC D&G

6 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 and governance. Due to the need to Configuration Information System align the campaign plan’s LOE with the (TACIS). These tools will need to be Canadian Army Sustainment Review analyzed in order to identify which (CASR), the priority of effort as determined processes and equipment can be “...a solid foundation by the oversight committee was to migrated to DRMIS. Any data that can of technical focus on the integration of signals data be reconciled between the different sys- maintenance needs into the Defence Resource Management tems will be completed and Standard to be implemented to Information System (DRMIS). As a Operating Procedures (SOPs) address- support effective fleet result, DLCSPM has formed an internal ing management procedures will be management.” working group to move forward on the updated. The primary focus will be integration of tactical signals equipment finding a means to reconcile and share data into DRMIS. In order to achieve data between DRMIS and TACIS, which success, the internal working group will allow field technicians the ability will define the priority of work, coor- to conduct tasks between the different be implemented to support effective dinate activities, and track the work systems in the interim. fleet management. DLCSPM is working progress to achieve the end state of to create and sustain the necessary data integration into DRMIS. Additional tasks required are both technical knowledge base required to stand-alone and inter-related. First support operational needs. Achieving is the necessity to review current the baseline functional state will enable equipment breakdown structures the signals technical community to within DRMIS to reflect necessary create “an enduring LEMS maintenance “The priority of equipment and component repair program instituted for tactical commu- effort as determined requirements. For example, not only nication equipment that will ensure by the oversight will communication suites need to operational capabilities are effectively committee was be accurately reflected, so will the and efficiently maintained.” to focus on the individual sub-components that make integration of signals up the communication platform. Once References data into DRMIS.” equipment breakdown structures are properly compiled, then work can be A. Briefing Note Canadian completed on developing Preventive Army Communications Fleet Maintenance (PM) and servicing Maintenance Review. From a DGLEPM perspective, schedules. Technical publications and B. 3000-1 (DLEPS 4-5) Initial Planning Equipment Management Teams (EMTs), permissive repair schedules will need Guidance – Campaign Planning Life Cycle Materiel Managers (LCMMs), to be reviewed, updated, and then for the Re-Integration of Tactical and project managers within DLCSPM translated by technical authorities (TAs) Communications into LEMS. 24 Mar 17. will review and audit their internal and LCMMs into usable formats within C. Info Brief to DLEPS and DLCI – management processes and proce- DRMIS to create viable PM schedules Campaign Plan, 9 Jun 17. dures currently in use. Since DRMIS for communication platforms and D. BN DLCSPM Preparations for the is the tool of record for equipment, equipment fleets that can be aligned Reintegration of signals into LEMS. project and maintenance management, with and managed alongside mechan- it is necessary to ensure a full migra- ical, weapons and electro-optical PM tion of relevant information into it. In maintenance strategies for various MWO Hewitt is D6-4-2-2 ILS addition to DRMIS, DLCSPM EMTs also fleet platforms. Maintenance Tasks/Procedures with use other tools for equipment manage- the Directorate of Land Command The increasing complexity and ment, such as COMSEC Accounting, System Project Management. integration of tactical communication Reporting and Distribution System systems means that a solid foundation (CARDS) – [for cryptographic of technical maintenance needs to related items] – and Tactical Asset

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 7 Ammunition Engineers Prepare for the Future by Attending a Masters Program at RMC

By Capt Jean-François Fournier

s military technology continues ammunition engineering tasks within (DRDC) in Valcartier. DRDC scientists to advance, the trend has DAEME, as well as providing some had just acquired a 3D printer with A been towards the development insight on new emerging technologies which they are examining the possibility of more socially and environmentally related to A&E. of designing new and innovative responsible design solutions to problems. propellant grain geometries using Ammunition and Explosives (A&E) The first academic term includes additive technology. This know-how technologies have been no different four courses designed to teach the could open up the possibility of 3D and there has been a concerted effort theories associated with internal printing explosive charges. This eventu- within the industry and the CAF to ballistics, external ballistics, the ality could expand the use of explosives make the use of A&E safer, more dis- chemical principles of explosives, and for new purposes as well as improving criminatory, and more environmentally the physical effects of explosives and current explosive ordnance disposal friendly. In order to manage the evolv- explosions. For external ballistics, (EOD) and breaching methods. ing technology developments in such various trajectory solutions are new areas as insensitive munitions, explored that could be used to predict Program participants also learn about laser ignited munitions, telescoping the trajectory of a projectile in flight, the generation of the shock wave ammunition, energetic explosive bind- including the six degrees of freedom during the detonation of an explosive ers, specialized propellant geometries, model trajectory – which takes into and how to characterize blast and and guided small arms munitions – consideration the motion in the x, y, predict the effects of explosives on just to name a few – it is important and z axis and the pitch, yaw, and roll their environments. The chemical for DND to maintain the engineering of the projectile while in motion. principles of explosives studies looks at and scientific support required to the detonation reactions of explosives, In internal ballistics, a number of the chemical reactions related to adapt and capitalize on these and design considerations are studied. other innovations. pyrotechnics, and the decomposition These include propellant grain size and of explosives and propellants. It also On that note, the Director Ammunition geometry considerations to tailor the provides a brief overview on metallurgy. and Explosives Management and burn rate for specific weapon systems. Part of this course involves the Engineering (DAEME) welcomed A visit to General Dynamics Ordnance exploration of new energetic materials, two new RCEME officers into the and Tactical Systems (GD-OTS) and including research on the main organization this year. Both officers their propellant plant in Valleyfield, energetic characteristics, synthesis came right out of the Advanced Québec included discussion of a recent reactions, stability and sensitivity, Ammunition Engineering Masters at design of a 19-perforation model with as well as environmental concerns. the Royal Military College of Canada the outer surface shaped in rosettes A novel explosive (LLM-105) and a (RMCC) in Kingston. This year-long to increase the surface area during new energetic binder (poly-GLYN) post-graduate program includes eight the combustion, and, in turn, increase comprise part of the course of studies. post-grad courses delivered over two the burn rate and ultimately the LLM-105, for instance, is an explosive academic terms and a capstone project muzzle velocity of the weapon system. that has similar characteristics when to be completed by the end of the year. The interest in manufacturing and compared to High Melting Explosive This program provides the technical using new propellant geometries was (HMX), which is a highly powerful engineering knowledge required to reinforced during a visit to Defence explosive, and TATB, which is one of perform project management and Research and Development Canada the most thermally stable explosives.

8 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 These characteristics are important In addition, the participants are the same effect on target and define in the development of insensitive required to conduct a capstone project the trade-offs related to the material munitions. As for poly-GLYN, it is an as part of this Masters of Engineering replacement, including the effect on energetic polymer that could be used program. One of this year’s projects, barrel erosion and the gyroscopic sta- in propellants or plastic-bonded explo- titled the “Ballistic Trade-offs for bility of the projectile. Another project sives. These explosives and propellants Depleted Uranium Replacement in a used modelling software to investigate will typically have small amounts of Kinetic Energy Penetrator”, looked at the design considerations for impulse polymers in their composition that act the density boundaries for a possible gauges for near-field blast studies – the as a binder to stabilize the explosive. purpose being to find a method to Energetic polymers, such as poly-GLYN, standardize impulse gauges, which are when used in place of current inert devices used in explosive experiments polymers, provide the potential to to characterize the impulse that is increase the explosive yield of currently “One if this year’s transferred by an explosive charge to used plastic-bonded explosives. projects…looked at a structure or person. the density boundaries During the second term, emphasis is This program has well prepared these for a possible replace- put on the design of the ammunition officers to take on new and interesting based on the terminal ballistics and ment material for a engineering challenges at DAEME as the effect on the target and on whether depleted uranium DND looks into the future of A&E. the target is an aircraft, a ship, or a sub-calibre penetrator DAEME will continue to maintain the land vehicle. The introduction of in a specific projectile.” technical and engineering expertise a number of terminal ballistics models required to capitalize on new A&E and the exploration of different types technologies. of weapon systems allows the analysis of the mechanisms found in small arms, Capt J.F. Fournier is a Qualified replacement material for a depleted in large-calibre guns and in missiles. Ammunition Technical Authority uranium sub-calibre penetrator in An introduction to ammunition (QATA) within DAEME responsible for a specific projectile used by the United management is also given during conducting Safety and Suitability States Air Force, as the CAF do not have this term. for Service (S3) assessments for any depleted uranium ammunition in various types of ammunition before its inventory. The intent was to achieve they become in-service.

RCEME 75th Anniversary 2019 is fast approaching and thus, the RCEME 75th Anniversary. Stay tuned on the RCEME Corps’ Facebook page as we will frequently post quick updates on RCEME 75th related events and product release information. There is also a separate RCEME 75th Anniversary Facebook page and web page where the majority of the detailed information on the 75th will be available for viewing. Recent additions to our sites include a Calendar of Events and a Product Release Timeline. Links available:

RCEME Corps Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/groups/366428010229841 RCEME 75th Anniversary Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/rceme75 RCEME 75th Anniversary page : http://rcemecorpsgemrc.ca/events/75th-anniversary/ Calendar of Events : http://rcemecorpsgemrc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RCEME75_Calendar.pdf Product release Timeline : http://rcemecorpsgemrc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RCEME75_Timeline.pdf

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 9 RCEME plays a vital role within the Strategic Joint Staff

By Maj Charles Turcotte

he Strategic J4 (Strat J4) within logistics, establishes the Strat J4 capability security. In applying the range of CAF the Strategic Joint Staff (SJS) for addressing significant gaps in options available to support UN, North T has the responsibility not only strategic sustainment. Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), of understanding element-specific or Canadian territory operations, a needs but also possible efficiencies in The support of LEMS is vital to Strat J4’s thorough and carefully considered integration that would synchronize mission. LEMS identifies equipment CAF sustainment plan is required. The joint sustainment processes. The goal management activities at the strategic sustainment fundamentals of econ- is responsive and precise sustainment level as being provided within the omy and cooperation bring together across the CAF. Director General Land Equipment different elements and stakeholders Program Management (DGLEPM) with similar needs who work jointly to In order to constantly maintain the through the various Equipment identify future equipment needs that strategic and cross-functional sustainment Management Teams (EMTs). The core avoid duplication of effort. Flexibility within DND, an implementation team, responsibility of DGLEPM staff is to reminds us to be imaginative in order including members from the Royal provide strategic support to army-owned to allow the operational, tactical, and Canadian Logistics Service and two equipment, as well as other CAF elements institutional level maneuverability to fit officers from the Corps of RCEME, was using the same gear, on all activities in with the overall plan. created within Strat J4. The effort from acquisition to procurement invested by this team better prepares and disposal. The addition of RCEME personnel Strat J4 with support perspective for within the SJS helps Strat J4 optimize the sustainment and supportability in a For personnel employed in Strat J4, integration, coordination, and strategic joint environment. LEMS and sustainment principles and prioritization of all sustainment efforts fundamentals practised in field units within DND/CAF for operational Under the direction of Strat J4, the – whether deployed domestically or efficiencies. This RCEME presence will implementation team improved the during operations – are still applicable continue to develop in the coming problem definition and established at the strategic level. Foresight and years to meet the needs of the CAF, and a conceptual framework that was simplicity within strategic sustainment RCEME members will be ready to use approved by the Chief of the Defence means that the Strat J4 is involved their capabilities and experiences to Staff (CDS) in April 2015. This approval from the beginning of planning cycles contribute to its success. included the authorization to continue for all mandates or missions to which restructuring existing organizations LEMS contributes, thus supporting and sustainment functions to Strat J4. Canada’s Defence Strategy: Strong, Maj Turcotte served in the Capability Therefore, being involved early in planning Secure, Engaged. Specifically, this Development section of the Strat J4. the support to operations at different involves long-term investments levels, including military police, infra- to enhance CAF’s joint capability structure, medical, maintenance or and capacity to support peace and

10 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 Lessons from the past contribute to CAF’s future operational success

By Maj Glen Butcher and Vince Horne

Captain Scott Beeston taking photographs of an Armoured Engineer Vehicle – Automatic Fire and Explosion Suppression System (AFESS) failure investigation, Wainwright, AB.

he authors of this article be used to improve soldier safety and Failure and accident investigation is have both participated in mission effectiveness. General equip- critical to informing risk management T new initiatives being piloted ment failures can occur at any time and preventing losses. Material failures by the Quality Engineering Test for a variety of reasons ranging from and accidents within DND impact Establishment (QETE) and the Land inadequate design or manufacturing operations, equipment availability, Engineering Support Centre (LESC) to improper maintenance and/or oper- and safety. In the short term, risks aimed at improving LEMS ability to ator training. During the Afghanistan associated with potential equipment respond more rapidly and effectively mission, the CAF and their protection failures must be carefully managed to equipment related issues whether systems were introduced to new threats in accordance with Land Material these occur domestically or abroad in the form of Improvised Explosive Assurance (LMA), often requiring a during operations. The article describes Devices (IED), Explosive Formed compromise between assured safety initiatives and gives the authors Projectiles (EFP), improvised rockets and and operational effectiveness. In the pers­pective on the value of pursuing their Rocket Propelled Grenades (RPG). As long term, efficient solutions are further development with the aim of RCEME officers and technicians, we are necessary. This requires obtaining eventually implementing these formally devoted to personnel safety and the detailed information and expert within LEMS. fielding of protection systems that advice as soon as possible after an will help the soldiers to complete their event; thereby, root-cause factors are Domestic Failure and Accident mission by minimizing the possibility of identified and addressed in such a way investigations and Theatre Battlefield becoming a casualty– and supporting as to restore the health of an affected Vehicle Forensic investigations play technical investigations is an important platform both effectively and efficiently. an essential role in ensuring that the means to that end. Rigorous investigation enables lessons learned from such events can

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 11 operators and technical authorities Several agencies can do failure and preserving, and managing weapon- to make decisions with confidence, accident investigation; however, the related data and material resulting from based in greater part on a more effective and efficient execution of an attack against friendly armour. complete picture of the facts rather a failure and accident investigation than speculation. requires extensive experience and a The BVF course serves as the foundation suitable set of tools to collect infor- that enables the follow-on triage to Whether in-theatre or on training mation not available to most. Within establish priorities and parameters for exercises, failure and accident investi- DND, specialized engineering support further analysis that can help develop gations should be initiated immediately organizations such as QETE, which has new technologies and protective following an event at the occurrence a RCEME captain failure investigator systems to increase survivability and site once the safety and security of position, provide dedicated failure and neutralize threats. For example, from personnel is assured. The site needs to accident investigation support domes- the early days in Iraq and Afghanistan, be secured (handling evidence before tically using facilities with specialized Allied forces, with Canada playing a investigators arrive should be avoided tools and experienced personnel to leading role, gathered data from various unless it is absolutely necessary) and identify evidence that would be otherwise explosive blasts and subsequently many photographs should be taken by unobservable (such as fracture surfaces redesigned the seating in the back of first responders on-site for subsequent and material properties). Further, QETE their armoured vehicles. This led to a analysis. This is critical if the evidence pursues all aspects of failure investiga- change from fixed mounted seats to has to be handled before investigators tion (design, production, operations, suspended (use of ropes and pulleys) arrive. Photos should be taken near, maintenance, environment, and others) to the final blast attenuating seats. It close-up, and from a distance at all to provide the best advice possible to was noted that the number of fatalities angles (including aerial for complex address the needs of DND. One entity decreased even though the size of accident sites). Once photographs are rarely has all the necessary informa- the blasts was increasing. These new taken and the technical authority (TA) tion and the best results are usually engineering designs were the result of for the equipment [domestically, the obtained through involving multiple Equipment Management Team (EMT)], parties in the investigation, which is deployed, the senior maintainer must common practice at QETE. be provided with the information to support further investigation. In a theatre of operations, there is Experts from the QETE Failure & great value in employing a Battlefield Accident Investigation Group should Vehicle Forensic (BFV) qualified be contacted for advice on the identifi- officer as a first responder to initiate cation, preservation, and handling the investigation and be involved in of important evidence. Following an the reporting process and collection initial investigation and coordination of evidence. Technical Liaison Officers with the EMT, select evidence may be (Tech LOs) trained by LESC carry this Damaged TAPV during training near sent to laboratories such as QETE for qualification and can reach back to Sherbrooke, QC. detailed examination. DGLEPM to provide a quick analysis of the event. This capability in-theatre Each investigation is unique but several informs the possible solutions to increase a thorough investigative process that requirements are common: preserving the survivability. included BVF, medical reports from evidence, retaining failed items, and the soldiers from previous incidents, documenting activities surrounding One course available to RCEME Officers and the analysis from their intelligence failures through witness statements. from the Tech LOs program is a five- cell on the Tactics, Techniques, and The collection of component mainte- day course on BVF provided by the Procedures (TTP) of the enemy. nance history and fleet usage data is National Ground Intelligence Center additionally useful, particularly for (NGIC) at the Sierra Army Depot in The BVF course provides an under- risk management. Herlong, California. The aim of this standing of different weapons signatures course is centred on approved forensics including RPG, small arms, recoilless methodologies for collecting, gathering, rifle, EFP, and IED, major vehicle platforms, major components, detailed

12 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 report writing, and evidence gathering use BVF skills to deploy anytime technicians resources that can diligently techniques. The course also includes and anywhere to ensure the highest gather evidence on battle-damaged a practical portion whereby students level of responsiveness to a threat. vehicles in-theatre. Performing BVF perform BVF on the Mine-Resistant Contributing to even a minor change on a vehicle is not to gather enemy Ambush Protected (MRAP) fleet. can save a soldier’s life. The damages intelligence or human effects results. This fleet includes the Cougar, RG-31, that are obvious after an attack may not However, it does allow the ability to RG-33, MaxxPro, Caiman, Buffalo, and always be a point of impact that kills provide essential technical advice to Husky. While working in teams of two or injures the soldier; it is potentially DGLEPM on future design requirements or four, students are given timelines the secondary effects of a threat that in conjunction with the intelligence and anywhere from 15 minutes to two cause more harm. human effects to engineer an increase hours to conduct forensic activities. in survivability. Students were tested on their ability In summary, failure, accident, and to obtain the necessary data for pro- battlefield forensic investigation is an Further developing the capacity within cessing. This represents a capacity essential part of equipment management; the Tech LO program led by LESC that could be employed at any level a thorough investigative process in the future would ensure rigorous of support. In reality, the investigator benefits the RCEME role in equipment investigative practices are followed may not have a lot of time to gather management. This is a collaborative in-theatre and enable DND to information before the vehicle is moved process that includes organizations effectively prevent recurrent failures from the scene of the event in-theatre. such as QETE, LESC, Munitions and accidents. Tech LOs are in place It was important for teams to focus on Experimental Test Centre (METC), with the ability to provide technical the impact area of the attack and to and Defence Research and Development analysis and immediate feedback (hard gather as much information as possible Canada (DRDC). QETE has the forensic analysis) to inform the surviv- in a logical order so that a detailed expertise required to conduct detailed ability decision cycle – the process report could be written with a investigations of system components by which survivability systems are summary explanation of the findings. and support the EMT and LESC in generated and improved for our soldiers. developing solutions that maximize Whether we consider investigation As RCEME personnel working in soldier safety and minimize the vulner- in-theatre or domestically on training, workshops, in-theatre or even at ability of equipment. The METC and it is clear that the process must be an office in Ottawa on a project or DRDC Valcartier also play a large role necessarily thorough, informed, EMT, it is important to evaluate what in survivability test and evaluation and collaborative. works, what does not, and what can and future equipment development. be done to make things better – this Major Glen Butcher is a new is the goal of investigations. Being The technical training that was provided to Tech LOs on the BVF member of the Strategic Joint employable at any level of support, a Staff J4 Operational Support (OS) team of two to four qualified RCEME course adds to the Army’s toolbox. BVF provides RCEME officers and Capability Development Team. officers or technicians could potentially As an OS Capability Development Analyst he is responsible to identify requirements to support CAF operations (including LEMS functions) and to contribute to the development of future concept and capability initiatives.

Vince Horne is the Group Leader for Tri-Service Failure and Accident Investigation at QETE, with a dedicated team of ten engineers and Damaged MRAP veh with EFP charge, Red River Army Depot, Texarkana, TX. The rope designates technologists (including a RCEME the trajectory (potential flight path) of the projectile. From an analysts perspective they can captain) executing approximately possible determine what triggers the device and what the enemy is aiming to achieve. 75 investigations each year.

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 13 Concealability as a CJOC future requirement

By Maj K.J.G. Zizian

he characteristics of conflict have changed significantly T over the last 10 years. In its released Defence Policy – Strong, Secure, Engaged (SSE), the federal government announced a new strategic vision for DND. This is a vision in which Canada is strong at home, secure in North America, and engaged in the world. The CAF will be prepared and equipped to advance our country’s international security objectives – from conducting expe- ASUV Toyota Land Cruiser 200. ditionary operations to engaging in capacity building with partners – and to support our allies where our shared interests are at stake. Typically, LEMS focuses is on survivability, To accomplish its mission, the Canadian lethality, mobility, and sustainability. Joint Operations Command (CJOC) CJOC now views concealability as currently force employ CAF members another critical factor requirement for on several small missions around the mission success. This requirement can world. Recent operations have seen be met with commercially available an increased requirement for Force Armoured Sport Utility Vehicles (ASUV) Protection (FP) measures that include which provide the level of protection the wearing of civilian clothing and the and mobility required to ensure the use of specialized personal protective security of deployed troops. equipment (PPE). FP is a vital task in order to protect Canadian personnel in CJOC has identified the requirement to a variety of locations where the threat conduct operations in areas where the is asymmetric in nature and difficult threat levels justify the protection and ASUV Armoured window. to anticipate. The primary method mobility offered by ASUVs. Therefore, of defence is to maintain a discreet the CJOC ASUV fleet increased by posture thus limiting opportunistic 23 vehicles in 2017. attacks. Current operations in the All accessories as per the Original Middle East are not conducive to The vehicle is a full-size SUV modified Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) speci- the use of Standard Military Pattern to meet VR 7 ballistic armour that fications were retained in the upgraded vehicles but still require protection provides all-around protection and vehicle – such as air conditioning, against threats such as; but not limited complete coverage for the crew. It has radio, adjustable steering wheel, adjustable to, small arms fire and improvised armoured windows and a protective seats, electric mirrors, and so on. The explosive devices. inner shell with additional protection rear door is a dual clamshell type and for the fuel tank. although there is extra weight due to

14 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 the armoured component, it can still horsepower to handle the additional CJOC currently manages a fleet of be opened without too much effort. weight and ancillary equipment. The 27 ASUVs required to prevent loss of All doors are equipped with manually wheel assemblies are equipped with life and are critical to the operational operated and spring-loaded dead bolts run-flat tire inserts that enable the success of our specific missions. They to prevent forced intrusions. Front vehicle to run for at least 50 km at a have proven to be a highly reliable asset windows can be pulled down with speed of 50 km/hour with all tires fully and they will be employed in various limited access. deflated and with the vehicle loaded operations all over the spectrum. to the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. This 4X4 with traction control will The brakes were modified to ensure Concealed Body Armour assist in multi-terrain situations and is durability and to keep the braking CJOC has also started to provide powered by a V8 diesel engine that distance to a minimum. The suspension Concealed Body Armour (CBA) to provides more than enough was also modified to ensure stability CAF members deployed on operations and durability in all situations. where civilian clothing is essential in The vehicle is equipped with an order to maintain a discreet FP posture intercom for two way communication required to minimize the threat of an without exposing the operator to a opportunistic attack. potential threat. It is also equipped The CBA provides personal bullet with a fire suppression system for the protection to small-arms fire by crew and for the engine compartment. ASUV Door dead bolt. meeting NIJ 0101.06 level IIIA (ballistic In order to allow the installation of protection). It gives the user a system an antenna on the roof of the vehicle of protective gear options that is without having to compromise the low-profile and offers an enhanced integrity of the armour, the contractor level of protection that is acceptable in has designed a pass-through hatch certain venues where a broad range of located on the roof. civilian clothing is worn. This PPE is an invaluable asset providing an additional The ASUV showed great potential layer of safety while enabling the user during road test trials. Although the to move freely with minimal restriction. armour adds a great deal of weight and ASUV Antenna pass-through. makes the vehicle feel heavier than Technology and the uncertainty a standard SUV, it handles well in all surrounding future operations are situations due to many improvements having a significant impact on equipment made by the contractor. Both the diesel and doctrine. Notwithstanding the fact and gas engines, matched to a well- that survivability, lethality, mobility, calibrated transmission, performed and sustainability will remain the very well and provided plenty of power key pillars of LEMS, concealability is to overcome the weight of the vehicle. definitely a concept that will have to Braking distance and turning radius be kept in mind in order to support at moderate speeds were impressive. specific operational requirements in The armoured windows provide an order to achieve mission success. excellent all-around visibility which is comparable with the baseline vehicle. Major Zizian is the J4 Major The interior of the vehicle is spacious Equipment & Transportation and provides ample capacity for the for the Canadian Joint crew. The rear seats can be folded Operations Command. completely for additional cargo storage. Concealed Body Armour. Overall, the vehicle performance not only met but exceeded expectations.

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 15 The RCEME School – Leading the charge on the development of technicians and leaders of tomorrow Students get a hands-on look at equipment on the shop floor during a Veh Tech training session.

By Capt S.J. Kuzmich, RCEME School, HQ

he RCEME School has the technology and the CAF are moving training provided is modernized and obligation to ensure the world in order to ensure that the Corps’s up to date. This article outlines some T class soldier-technicians and soldier-technicians are prepared to of the many initiatives that the RCEME Officers of the Corps of RCEME meet the challenges in garrison, on School is pursuing in the effort to receive cutting edge training and have exercise and on Operations. Through ensure the soldier-technicians of tomorrow the skills required to maintain the visits to other training institutions, continue to remain at the cutting edge complex equipment in the CAF. The local colleges, and liaising with the of innovation and have expert technical RCEME School consistently evaluates Army Learning Support Centre (ALSC), and soldiering skills. how it conducts training and where the RCEME School ensures that the

Precision Weapons Maintainer Course: Two trades with one goal

By Sgt J.M. Smith (retired), RCEME School, Artisan Coy

n 2013, a capability deficiency required by a weapons technician to With collaboration of experienced was identified in sniper rifles and maintain these precision weapons, weapons technicians and snipers, I precision weapon maintenance. the task of developing a course was research was conducted in order to As a result, the requirement to modernize established. The Precision Weapons determine the experience and knowledge training for weapons technicians Maintainer course is currently under required to enable technicians to was recognized and put into motion. development at the RCEME School to correctly maintain and finely tune Precision weapons demand an equally meet this requirement. precision weapon systems. Deficiencies skilled and experienced RCEME techni- that were noted included necessity cian who can accommodate the needs The course development began with to identify accuracy faults, bedding of each individual user in meeting their the identification of the training and and re-barrelling, and the authority to task. In order to close the gap with knowledge deficiency regarding maint­ correct manufacturing defects such as regards to the skills and experience enance and repair of precision weapons. bolt intolerances.

16 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 In May 2016, a Qualification Standard/ has necessitated the requirement for skills that are currently being taught Training Plan writing board, which both weapons technicians and material on the Materials Technician Advanced included Subject Matter Experts from technicians to work together in order Machining course. across the CAF, was convened to to share their expertise. Changes in find solutions and develop a plan to training will now expose our weapons As part of the course development, address these training deficiencies. technicians to emerging technologies material technicians of the RCEME Currently, six Performance Objectives and allow a return to a more traditional School gave the weapons technicians are being developed that include action gunsmith role in the support of training on machining techniques blueprinting, machining of weapon precision weapons. to provide them with the knowledge sub-components, ballistic theory, and skills required to continue bedding, troubleshooting accuracy, To aid the development of the Precision the development of the Precision maintaining stocks, evaluating targets Weapons Maintainer course and provide Weapons Maintainer course. Once and ballistic data collection. The vital experience and knowledge, the the development is completed and the training is planned to be conducted RCEME School has sought assistance delivery of the course is underway it at the RCEME School for an expected from RCEME technicians employed will provide the skills and versatility 33 days on the pilot serial. with Joint Task Force 2 who have vast to weapons technicians in order to experience improving the tolerances maintain these precision weapons Over the last 35 years, changes in roles on weapons used by Operators. and in turn, increase the trust and and job requirements have seen our These technicians provided advice co-operation between our snipers and weapons technicians transition away on the skill-sets required to maintain their maintainers. Enhancing our weap- from conducting machining operations. precision weapon. The techniques ons technicians’ skills will better assist As the capability to machine materials they demonstrated have traditional their ability to support the Canadian Army currently rests solely with the material roots in producing custom hand fitted (CA) and continue to expand the Corps of technicians, development of the components that are commonly found RCEME’s world class soldier-technicians Precision Weapons Maintainer course in the gunsmith profession and are that provide state of the art maintenance.

Innovating Vehicle Technician Training Through the Use of Modern Training Aids

By MWO R.C. Woolsey, RCEME School, Vehicle Coy

he Army Learning Support students with another means to under- through the complete air brake system Centre (ALSC) in Gagetown has stand the systems and how they operate, by showing the flow of air and easy T provided and continues to replacing some horrible PowerPoint identification of components. provide outstanding support to slides that were previously used. training at the RCEME School through Similar to the Air Brakes module, the the development of training aids. Currently DP1 Vehicle technician AFESS module developed by ALSC Two such examples developed in training uses the Air Brakes module offers a valuable training resource for coordination between ALSC and to describe the operations of the air instructors to use in the operation of Vehicle Company are the Air Brakes brakes system. The Air Brakes module the AFESS. This module is used in DP1 module and the Automatic Fire and is an interactive video with audio that Vehicle technician training and features Explosion Suppression System (AFESS) describes the operation of the air brake videos demonstrating how the AFESS module. These training aids enhance system, including the antilock braking works as well as additional videos that the instructors’ ability to teach these system. This tool affords the instructors demonstrate the unique properties of sub-components as well as provide the the ability to walk and talk the students the AFESS being employed in current

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 17 refresher training for their recovery crews. The goal is not to replace valuable field training, but rather to replace the outdated PowerPoint training methodology.

The difficulty with using industry automotive text books is that technology advances quickly, necessitating the requirement to procure new versions along with the limited ability for personnel to access these text books as refresher training and difficulties in finding bilingual texts. The Vehicle Technician Text Book strives to close this gap by using a format that is easily Air Brake Module updated, and accessible to those that would like to brush up on their knowl- CAF vehicles such as the Leopard 2. calculations, and development of edge. This text book will also ensure This module is invaluable for instructors the plan to execute the recovery. that information is available in both to teach students as it provides a Following the inputs from the student, official languages. The staff at Vehicle method to demonstrate the overall the simulator will execute the plan and Company have developed the text and operation of the systems and identify if there are any errors it will identify the future text book is intended to be each component in one easy to view the errors to help the student learn. in a format similar to Wikipedia. The format that would be otherwise Once developed this recovery simulator text book will have the ability to be difficult to accomplish with just a could provide units with a training exported in PDF format and could physical vehicle by itself. aid that they could use for their own be printed as required.

Vehicle Company is also working on two projects: a Recovery Simulator; and, a Vehicle Technician Text Book. The recovery simulator is going to be built in two phases in order to meet two different levels of training. The first phase is aimed at the DP1 Vehicle technician student so they can learn the equipment and controls. This will allow them to become familiar with the platforms being taught and will make the practical field training safer. Students will already be familiar with the controls and the impacts of accidents without having damage to equipment or injury to personnel. The second phase will be built with the DP2 Vehicle technician student in mind where the students are taught to command a recovery. This part of the simulator will target the selection of AFESS Module the correct equipment, completing the

18 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 Taking Tactical Exercise Without Troops (TEWT) to the Next Level

By Capt S.J. Kuzmich, RCEME School, HQ

oth RCEME technicians and The Siting Simulator will include the of improvement for the student. This officers learn to fight and ability to site a Maintenance Platoon simulator will provide students with a B survive on the battlefield from and Maintenance Company in both a resource to practise their siting abilities the onset of their training but once wooded and urban environment. The before transitioning to the wood-line to they commence their DP3 – RCEME students will be provided a description conduct sitings. It will also provide the Common, DP4 – RCEME Common or of the enemy threat such as dismounted instructors with an additional asset to RCEME Officer DP1 they are required or motorized which will allow students provide feedback to students. to develop the knowledge and skills required to site a maintenance organi- The RCEME School consistently strives zation and prepare a defence. This can to ensure that RCEME technicians and prove to be a challenging skill to learn “The goal is to use officers receive world-class training and and ALSC is working with Regimental this simulation to are prepared to meet the ever changing Company to develop a Siting Simulator ease this transition.” and advancing world. Through the that will provide instructors with an development of new training and additional tool to teach siting. This tool the implementation of new training aids, the RCEME School will continue to pro- will provide the students a resource to conduct their estimate and site their duce excellent technicians that are on the to practise and hone their skills. Quite vehicles, trenches, weapons systems leading edge of technology. Technology often students struggle when transi- and defensive tasks such as observation is a tool we are using to augment and tioning from the whiteboard in the posts and trip flares. Once the siting is improve classroom preparatory training classroom to the practice in the field. completed the simulator will complete to maximize the training experience for The goal is to use this simulation to a simulated attack on the defence the students once they start their hands ease this transition. based on the threat and identify areas on and practical assessments.

RCEME students make use of training boards to further enhance their skills.

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 19 Mobile Tactical Vehicle Fitter – LAV 6.0 Power Pack and Turret Lift Update

By Maj Rob Cummings

he Mobile Tactical Vehicle Fitter (MTVF) with the Palfinger crane has been employed in T st nd the support role at 1 and 2 line maintenance units since it came into service and is capable of removing and installing the Light Armoured Vehicle (LAV) III power pack and turret. In 2015, the Tracked Light Armoured Vehicle (TLAV) Equipment Management Team (EMT) of Directorate Armament Sustainment Program Management 2 (DASPM 2) asked if the MTVF could support the new LAV 6.0 fleet in the same way. They enlisted support from the Land Engineering Support Centre (LESC) at Uplands, a sub-unit of 202 Workshop Depot, where the LESC engineers investigated and analyzed the MTVF geometry and specifications to ensure that these tasks were theoretically possible.

The engineers confirmed that it was possible based on numerous factors including the weight of the power pack and the weight of the turret with the 2 Royal Canadian Horse Artillery reinstalling the power pack in the LAV Add-on-Armour as well as the location (RCHA) for a two-day trial at Canadian 6.0. This was intended to prove the of the Center of Gravity (CoG) and Forces Base Petawawa in 1 RCR’s MTVF’s needed capabilities during crane specification. Maintenance lines. operations or exercises.

Next, in June 2016, Nivard Audet, The original intent was to conduct two Prior to commencing the trial and TLAV EMT Coordinator, and tests during this trial – the first was the before lifting higher, the load was MWO Pierre Carrier, Trial Officer of the “Removal/ Installation” of the power raised one inch and held for 30 seconds TLAV EMT, along with Heather McDonald pack and the second was the “Removal/ to ensure it was secure and to confirm of LESC, teamed up with Vehicle Installation” of the turret. However, it that the load would not exceed the Technicians MCpl George Eldridge and was decided not to conduct the latter MTVF’s capabilities found on its Cpl Dean Condon and with Weapons due to safety concerns. The test for the load chart. Attention was paid to the Technicians Cpl Jonathan Roberts power pack included its removal from mandatory two-foot rule, whereby the and Cpl Yvan Trudel, all of 1 Royal the LAV 6.0, moving the power pack crew confirmed that there existed two Canadian Regiment (RCR) – augmented over to verify that it could be placed on full feet of space between the recovery with support from MCpl Jean Claude the MTVF deck, then moving it vehicle and the vehicle causality. Glandon and Cpl Scott Simmonds of to the power pack stand and finally Following calculations using the load

20 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 chart, the test was performed using a maximum horizontal crane extension of 145.7 inches (370 centimetres). Despite sufficient calculated clearances between the lifted power pack and the LAV 6.0 deck, the LAV 6.0 was lowered under power, from the driving height to the transport mode height, just to be sure, while the engine was still connected and capable of powering the adjustment.

The trial proved that the crane was capable of lifting the LAV 6.0 power pack out, but there were problems. The boom experienced significant creep and droop issues while leaking hydraulic fluid, and, after expansion, it was seen to slowly retract up to four inches over 30 seconds. These issues led to the crane operator making several needed corrections and significantly elevated the risk to the technicians working with the power pack, test vehicles, and test equipment. The results of this first trial were disappointing, but they indicated still recommended that the MTVF crane Recognizing the requirement for the lift that there may have been an un­known not be used to lift the LAV 6.0 turret of LAV 6.0 power packs, the Palfinger cause of the failure. even if creep can be removed from the CFTO has been amended to include system, due to the coarse movements of instructions on how to set up for the At the conclusion of the trial, the crane, the tight clearances between removal and installation of the LAV 6.0 Mike Rondeau, the Chassis Technical the turret and the LAV 6.0, and the Power Pack using the MTVF. Technical Authority for the TLAV EMT, requested need to operate the crane at its load tip: During your next MTVF 1136 that a sample of the MTVF crane’s limit for this procedure. Consequently, inspection, send your crane’s hydraulic hydraulic fluid be sent for Spectrometric the TLAV EMT will not pursue the fluid for SOAP testing. Oil Analysis Program (SOAP) testing. turret lift for the LAV 6.0. The results that came back a week later showed that the crane had SOAP is conducted by performing Maj Cummings is the TLAV contained the wrong fluid. With this an elemental analysis of structural Integrated Logistics Support new information in hand, he requested metal and other material particles Manager (ILSM). that 202 Workshop Depot prepare a entrained in machinery oil samples and second MTVF in accordance with the determine the chemical composition. associated Canadian Forces Technical By comparing results to the known Orders (CFTOs). This MTVF successfully profile of the system being examined lifted the LAV 6.0 power pack with the abnormal wear of various parts may boom extended to 3.7 and 1.8 metres be identified and corrective and/or without any evidence of overload, preventive maintenance performed droop or hesitation. Even though the before expensive repairs are required power pack lift was declared a success or catastrophic failures occur. after the second trial at 202 WD, LESC

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 21 The Future of the C6 Machine Gun in the Canadian Armed Forces

By Maj Geoff M. Wall and Bobby Cruise

he C6 Machine Gun has provided by more than 80 countries, and a baseline, quite literally, for continues to be made under licence in T military planning for over several jurisdictions – including Argentina, 30 years. It is a trusted, reliable, and Egypt, India, the United Kingdom, proven weapon system that is an and Canada (as the C6 GPMG) – that integral part of the CAF. If we could purchased the intellectual property rights keep this capability, maintained in in the 1980s to support and produce the same state for the foreseeable C6 weapons. future, we would. However, the original New capital projects, TAPV (Tactical C6 fleet is increasingly showing its Initially purchased by Canada from Armoured Patrol Vehicle) and MHLH age – and although an extensive refur- FN in 1975 and subsequently delivered (Medium to Heavy Lift Helicopters) bishment program has been ongoing into service approximately 10 years have added to the overall fleet size with for some years, it is time to carry out later, the C6 machine gun, now over their recent and ongoing acquisitions. a refresh. As could be expected, the 30 years old, took over some of the The initial production weapons will update of an entire fleet of weapons, roles that had been covered by both fulfill these needs, although the Royal which is still in-service and continues the FNC2 and the C5A1 Machine Canadian Air Force (RCAF) weapons to be heavily used, requires careful Gun. On the vehicle side, the C6 was were assembled and delivered from planning if the CAF is to maintain this originally used for the Leopard tank the new-old stock weapons on hand critical capability. This article will outline but additionally used for the increasingly in 2015. DSSPM (Director Soldier some of the issues resulting in the C6 wheeled Canadian fleets such Systems Program Management) has fleet update and highlight what has as COYOTE, LAV and BISON. signed service level agreements with been done so far to maintain the fleet. The C6 machine gun is available in the TAPV and MHLH projects that It will then describe the extensive three primary variants: Infantry (Flex) require DSSPM to deliver complete planning, manufacture, and procurement used at Section/Platoon level, Coaxial Flex and Coax versions of the C6 of the C6A1 by various stakeholders for for Armored Fighting Vehicles/Tanks to support the vehicle production subsequent delivery into service. The and Aircraft (Helicopter) variant. The schedules. TAPV requires 364 weapons goal for the C6 weapon platform is to main differences are: the shoulder butt, plus 36 spares for the vehicles being rebuild the strategic medium machine gas regulator in a different configuration delivered across Canada. The effect of gun weapon fleet by the end of 2024 – and sights on the Coax. Within Coax the additional requirements and attrition with the first C6A1 currently forecast to there are a variety of versions for the of aging weapons equates to the gap enter service in Fall 2019. The article different vehicle fleets such as a right-hand between allocations and actual fleet is written for a wide audience and ammunition feed. For reasons of size widening as time goes forward; to ensure that the current in-service maintenance support, simplicity, and this necessitates the acquisition of support and future of the C6 can be fleet reliability the intention is to C6 weapons immediately. clearly understood by all. standardize the fleet with as many common components as possible. LCMM Support Background The C6 Machine Gun is supported The C6 is used by all main elements The Belgian 7.62 mm General Purpose by one Life Cycle Materiel Manager of the CAF – namely Army, Navy and Machine Gun (GPMG) was designed in (LCMM) in the Small Arms Equipment Air Force – with the fleet size of the early 1950s at Fabrique Nationale Management Team (EMT) – part 4964 prior to the C6A1 program. (FN) by Ernest Vervier. It has been used of DSSPM within the Director

22 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 Employment Users #

TAPV 400 USERS # TLAV 126 MBT LEO +ARV 112 RCN 10 LAV 6 572 Others 35 Main Battle Tank (MBT) 82 Ops/Log Stock 72

LAV 6 630 TOTAL 791

Others Vehicles 730

Infantry units 512

Others units 638

Training centre & Schools 318 USERS # CANSOFCOM 170 HLMH 45 Ops/Log Stock 322 Tac Hel 190 TOTAL 3938 TOTAL 235

Total = 4964

General Land Equipment Program that the correct weapons scaling can Current Support Issues Management team. The C6 GPMG be aligned with the current and future As expected with a fleet of this age and LCMM provides an overall soldier organizational laydown stipulated by the use, the maintenance and ongoing systems approach while supporting this Directorate Land Force Development support is increasingly demanding with capability by taking the holistic require- (DLFD) in line with the direction a number of failures of the C6 weapons ments of the various weapons systems received from the Commander of the system. Specifically, the rivets and across the CAF into consideration. This Canadian Army. Ultimately, the LCMM surrounding components (side plate, is achieved in close collaboration with is required to have intimate oversight of bottom plate) of the C6 show signs of the Directorate of Land Requirements the C6 and their location in order to be wear most frequently. Local inspection and elements of the Canadian Army able to provide the appropriate support. at 1st and 2nd Line is often subjective Staff. This cooperative effort ensures and relies on the experience of the

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 23 weapons technicians and their experience components of the weapon might reduction of safety for the user. It was of the C6 platform. Similarly, despite in fact fail in short order due to the clear that R&O was expensive and only formal CFTO (Canadian Forces Technical receiver being near end of life. returned refurbished older weapons Orders) instructions, successful repairs back into service while IRAN induced are largely based on the technician’s IRAN a loss in numbers of weapons – which experience. Given the age of the weapons was felt across the whole fleet. Various A short-term contracting method of and combined with a varied maintenance other methods of maintaining the fleet returning equipment back into service repair approach, this results in a tired have been considered but still do not that was engaged by the LCMM during fleet that requires a more considered, bring the required levels of equipment this period was the use of focused holistic maintenance approach. support that retain C6 Machine Guns repair. The IRAN (Inspect and Repair As in service. The subsequent outcome Necessary) program was subsequently from a very tired, old fleet of weapons Repair and Overhaul created in conjunction with our small with restrictive support or maintenance To ensure that the C6 remained at full arms partner, Colt Canada, to ensure options has resulted in a significant readiness and at planned mid-life, one that only those C6 deemed Beyond shortfall in C6 availability across the recognized course of action that was Local Repair (BLR) by 2nd line weapons CAF. To alleviate immediate concerns, a explored was to consider a complete technicians were inspected more closely number of CFTOs have been produced Repair and Overhaul (R&O) of the fleet. and only those that required it were – specifically Tech Update #109 that With the intent of breathing new life repaired, ‘as necessary’. One of the refers to the inspection of loose rivets into the C6 fleet, and essentially putting outcomes from this program is that the and the procedure for back-loading new (refurbished) weapons back into number of C6 Machine Guns that are suspected BER C6 Machine Guns. service, a contract with Colt Canada identified as Beyond Economical Repair However, this is a short-term measure was envisioned to replace all required (BER) is approximately 30 percent and, and not a long-term solution. parts over a number of years by cycling due to the age of the weapons, rising. the fleet. However, despite the best That is to say that DND loses up to efforts to ensure as much efficiency one-third of the C6s that are sent Update Required as possible through this process, through the IRAN line at Colt Canada. Based on quotations from Colt Canada, R&O for C6 Machine Guns resulted the cost of the R&O on the remaining in an expensive, time-consuming, Reduced Condemnation legacy C6 weapons starts to approach and logistically heavy approach. The Criteria the production costs of a new C6 cost of the overhaul program looked weapon. Subsequently, DND directed DND would like to replace only those likely to exceed the economical repair that there would be a new machine gun weapons that are worn (BER) and keep cost value. Also, taking into account to replace the entire fleet. As testament weapons that will remain serviceable the period of the R&O program, it to the C6 timeless design and long-term, for the expected lifespan. Various would likely turn out that the whole proven reliability, it was decided that methods of returning C6 back into process would be required all over the Medium Machine Gun fleet would service as quickly as possible have been again. Members that completed be replaced by a new version of the C6 tried including reducing the condemna- the engineering activities during made under licence from FN Herstal, tion criteria – such is the supply criticality 2013/14 engaged Colt Canada / FN Belgium by Colt Canada. A number of of C6. Reducing the condemnation Herstal / Quality and Engineering Test factors were considered before making criteria focused on areas of the weapon Establishment to determine the technical this decision – such as the performance that were not integrally important to viability of the C6 fleet overhaul. The of the weapon, extensive spares remain- the firing operation. Repair operations definitive conclusion from that activity ing in depot, modification requirements would then take place only on those was that there was no means of to existing infrastructure (vehicle components considered critical to measuring how much remaining life and aircraft mounts), leveraging of the firing of the gun. Other parts of was left in a C6 receiver. Therefore the manufacturing licence owned the weapon system would not be any machine gun that had a complete by Canada, and Canadian industrial considered. However, this was not R&O activity without being able to benefits for an initiative that would a popular approach and was rejected determine accurately the integral likely be greater than $100-million. due to an understandable perception in metallurgical state of the various

24 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 The new C6A1 will be a Canadian- of the C6 receiver required significant natural attrition. After the ‘catch-up’ manufactured C6 Machine Gun and the investment by Colt Canada in terms point, the remaining C6s will be first ever such weapon in Canada. The of resources and cost and machinery divested at the same rate as long-term supportability of new weapons along with considerable engineering production can back-fill them. is more cost effective than continuing to experience to ensure that a high-quality extend the life of the legacy weapons to product lasting for another 30 years C6A1 Replacement 50 years. All new C6A1 weapons will be and beyond was the result. Despite Program required to be delivered with their EIS having access to the FN TDP, some of Configurations were boiled down to (Equipment Issue Scale), cleaning kits, the engineering challenges remained the three in-service configurations, and barrel bags. and it is a credit to the coordinated of which the air variant was built and effort between the small arms EMT and delivered out of the existing equipment. TDP Update and the engineers at Colt Canada that the The remaining two variants, FLEX in resulting receiver, when assembled Receiver Manufacture the A1 condition and the COAX, have into a machine gun shortly afterwards, Small arms procurement by DND been designated for complete fleet was fired successfully by the Small has the opportunity to make use of replacement. The procurement strategy Arms Senior Technical Authority contracting under the Munitions Supply for replacement was then planned in a (SASTA) at first trigger pull. Program. The Government of Canada’s two-phase approach. The first proceeds industry partner for small arms is Colt The resulting C6 receiver was immediately with a contract for the Canada in Kitchener, Ontario. For completed in November 2016 and funded requirement to replace 703 FLEX the C6 weapon, Canada can acquire can be seen on the attached image. weapons already lost to attrition, as new weapons based on the original well as 445 FLEX for new incoming Fabrique Nationale design with Colt fleets such as the TAPV and MHLH. The Canada manufacturing them to meet second phase, to be approved shortly DND’s needs. Due to the nature of will replace the remaining 3,626 FLEX the manufacturing rights, Colt Canada and COAX weapons through a formal will only be able to sell C6 weapons capital project. Early on in the procure- or subcomponents to Canada. The ment process it was identified that this Canadian Technical Data Package (TDP) procurement was to be completed – which has recently been updated to within the Munitions Supply Program bring it in line with current drawing (MSP) at Colt Canada in accordance standards and to ensure that it reflects with the approved strategy from accurately – defines the new production the Director General level Defence configuration. There is also a critical Procurement Strategy Governance link between the completion of the Committee (DPSGC). TDP tasking and production start. Colt Canada and DND have worked This procurement strategy then tirelessly to regenerate the original necessitated the investment in hand-drawn FN TDP to bring it in line setting up the production line at with current requirements and modern Estimates from Colt Canada indicate Colt Canada, as they had not yet drawing standards. Colt Canada is also that production deliveries at peak will produced a complete C6 machine gun. developing the design and manufacture be around 75 weapons per month The first contract, let in March 2017 for production tooling – leading to or 900 per year. If Colt Canada can $32.1-million, gives the Canadianized Canadian ownership of this process. produce 550 in 2019, and 900 for the production line engineering validation remaining five years it will take until and the manufacture of the first 1148 To accelerate the production line the end of 2024 before the last legacy C6A1 FLEX machine guns. During the setup, a task was given to Colt Canada C6 systems are removed from the fleet. second phase, a number of ancillary to develop the main component of In early 2021, the fleet size will match items will also be procured, such as the C6 – the receiver. The production the requirements based on existing ammo carrying bags, hot barrel bags,

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 25 and optical sighting systems – which regulator will replace the will improve the existing machine gun current type, allowing the capability and ease of employment. user to fully adjust their rates manually or fire without the Delivery and Lifespan necessity of removing the regulator or the barrel. This Production of new, Canadian-made ease of adjustment does come C6A1 machine guns has begun and with a cost as weapons techni- delivery is currently scheduled to start cians will have to initially set in mid-2019 continuing through the up each gas regulator on indi- two contracts until 2024, at which time vidual machine guns, slightly the fleet of 4,964 C6 machine guns will increasing equipment down- be in service. time prior to use. Although Based on DND’s experience with the the adjustable gas regulator is existing fleet of C6 machine guns, we not new to the configuration can expect the renewed fleet to last of the Canadian C6 Machine between 25 and 30 years of service. Gun as a similar system was Having a Canadian source of supply used in the past, training will for the complete machine gun on a be necessary to bring some standing offer will greatly improve personnel up to date – LCMM’s ability to ensure that this both the technician and weapon remains effective and available the soldier. into the foreseeable future. Using our As ever, the C6 Machine Gun, knowledge of existing C6 issues, it is similar to any equipment also planned that some of the original used within the CAF, is only C6 will be repurposed into dry training as good as the operators and weapons to alleviate the degradation maintainers who are intim- on the new C6A1 and therefore ately involved with its use and safe further increase the lifespan of the by Colt Canada and the EMT will pay operation. The human dimension is as new weapons. dividends as we embark on a further important in using the C6 as the finely period of in-service management of tuned engineering dedication shown The Future this weapons system. This program will by the team at Colt Canada or the see the replacement of the complete C6 The C6 Machine Gun in its many relentless coordination of this large fleet GPMG fleet, ensuring in part that the CAF configurations has proven to be by the sole LCMM responsible for its have the tools they need for the fore- an effective weapon system with a daily in-service management and seeable future. And – which is more – unique capability. The production and technical support. it is all manufactured in Canada. manufacture of the C6A1 in Canada provides us with a weapons system The experienced Small Arms Capital capable of meeting the needs of the Program (SACP) team has a clear Maj Geoff Wall is the Small Arms CAF for at least another 30 years. The focus on the requirements to bring Equipment Management Team new machine gun will feature a durable into service a new C6 Machine Gun. Leader in Directorate of polymer butt stock instead of the current The team members’ interaction and Soldier Systems Program wooden style. Soldiers will be able to coordination with both the user and Management (DSSPM). attach pointing devices and optical industry will provide a weapons system sighting systems to the new weapon that is as reliable and long-lived as the Bobby Cruise is the Life Cycle to help increase their operational original. The lessons learned and the Materiel Manager (LCMM) for effectiveness. To meet the operator’s further knowledge gained through Machine Guns for the Canadian needs, a multiple position gas the development of the C6 receiver Armed Forces.

26 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 Contract Gives the Green Light for a New and Improved Headquarters Shelter System (HQSS)

By Elefteria Gagaous, with contribution by HQSS Team

fter a competitive process, the Government of Canada A announced in February 2017 that Weatherhaven Global Resources Ltd. of Coquitlam, B.C.– one of the world’s leading providers of redeployable shelter systems – was awarded two contracts valued at approximately $168-million (taxes included) to procure shelters and related equip- ment, plus an initial five years of in-service support.

The first award, the Headquarters Shelter System (HQSS) Acquisition Contract, is for the procurement of shelters and related equipment. The second agreement is the HQSS In-Service Support (ISS) Contract, which will provide maintenance and support services for the first five years with four five-year option periods. Should the government exercise all options on both contracts, the value could be up to $350 million equipment such as flooring, lighting, The Need For HQSS (taxes excluded). heating, ventilation and air condition- The CAF requires a Headquarters Shelter ing equipment, and cargo containers The Project System to partially replace the current for the CAF. The newly designed sys- Tent Expandable Modular System The enterprise is a joint, strategic tem will provide the CAF with a modu- (TEMS), commonly known as Mod project that will deliver capability to lar, tactical, mobile soft-walled shelter Tents, that has been in service since 1970. the CAF with the Army taking the lead. capable of housing tactical command Since its acquisition, requirements for The other joint stakeholders are the posts that can be set up and torn down Command, Control, Communication, Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), quickly without the aid of specialized Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Canadian Special Operations Forces equipment. The new shelters will be Reconnaissance electronic equipment, Command (CANSOFCOM), Canadian used both domestically and abroad, work space usage, and supply of electricity Joint Operations Command (CJOC), and will be able to operate in all envi- have evolved significantly. Specifically, and the Health Services Group (HSG). ronmental conditions envisioned for headquarters organizations and medical The HQSS project will acquire a new CAF operations and training. tent-based shelter system and related

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 27 groups require significantly better flexible in their interconnectivity identifiable for their use in low light tactical facilities than are available using to enable a unit to be configured level conditions and simply stored Mod Tents. to meet the requirements of for transport. different missions. Multi-directional The new headquarters shelter system configuration is possible, both 3. Tactical Mobility: The design of will provide better protection against directly between shelters and the HQSS enables it to be manually harsh weather, greater layout flexibility utilizing the connector hubs. In set up/torn down and moved multiple to adapt to different operational needs, addition, the shelters are made of times within a given mission scenario and improved electrical and lighting modular and common frame and and varied climatic conditions. systems with heating and air fabric components with removable It also packs into sufficiently small conditioning. insulation and liners. All aspects of containers to be moved easily within the HQSS are focused to provide a an operational setting by all current The CAF plays a significant role in CAF transport vehicles. defending Canada in the North, supporting collaborative workplace. The three United Nations peace operations, main components are the Operations 4. Repair Simplicity: It is anticipated providing international humanitarian Shelter, the Planning Shelter and that portions of a shelter system assistance, and maintaining strong the Office Shelter, all providing an will be damaged while deployed. commitments to North American environmentally controlled setting. The parts of the system that are Aerospace Defense Command The Office Shelter is the smallest most likely to fail will have available (NAADC) and the North Atlantic Treaty of the three main units and can spares. The shelters are designed for Organization (NATO). The shelters will accommodate five people and their easy and rapid replacement of fabric be deployable both at home and around workspaces. The Planning Shelter and frame components. First-level the world and will function in a wide is sized to accommodate up to repairs will be accomplished within range of environments and climates. 20 individuals and their workspaces. one hour and second-level repairs The new shelter system will also be The Operations Shelter is the largest within three hours using tools and lighter in weight, more robust, and of the three main shelters and it can techniques commonly available more energy efficient. It will also accommodate 30 occupants and to our Material Technicians in all provide significantly more collaborative their workspaces. operational units. Furthermore, the working space than its predecessor. conduct of first- and second-level refurbishment in the field will be HQSS At A Glance achievable while a shelter remains “Six to eight erect and operational. The HQSS consists of sub-systems and soldiers…are able ancillaries. The sub-systems include to achieve basic 5. Climatic Protection: The system operations shelters, planning shelters, shelter set-up within is waterproof and provides snow and office shelters, each equipped 20 minutes.” load capability to safely operate in with a solar shade, shelter connector Canada’s widely varying climate. hubs, vehicle boots, and blackout It will protect the occupants and vestibules complete with a hard door. their electronic equipment from high The ancillaries include environmental 2. Set-up/Tear Down Simplicity: winds, driving rains, and dust. The control units, oil-fired diesel heaters, The fast set-up/tear down and storage environmental control unit/heating semi-rigid flooring, LED tactical lighting procedures are simple and robust system, when combined with the kits and cargo containers. enough to be effective in all weather insulating properties of the shelter, and restricted light conditions. From will provide comfortable internal The HQSS has been developed with the commencement of a shelter’s temperatures while operating in six equally important high-level set-up, six to eight soldiers – depending extreme ambient temperatures from operational requirements in mind. on the size of the shelter – with only -51 degrees Celsius to +49 degrees 1. Flexible Foot Print and one being familiar with the system, Celsius. The system’s semi-rigid Modularity: The individual shelters are able to achieve basic shelter flooring will allow a stand-off that make up the HQSS complex set-up within 20 minutes. Any capability from the ground and be are of various sizes, modular, and removable parts or fabrics are easily capable of accommodating uneven

28 LEMS Journal | Issue 2, November 2018 terrain. The flooring will also inte- of the system. The HQSS will also be conducted at CFB Edmonton last grate a cable management system for capable of being packed and stowed spring. First deliveries of the HQSS to electrical and data cables. into a cargo container or on an aircraft operational units are expected by early pallet for transportation by air, sea, 2019 with final deliveries expected 6. Collaborative Working and land. by 2021. A significant portion of the Environment: The modern current TEMS shelters will be removed headquarters environment involves Procurement Under from service after complete delivery of multiple groups that collectively The Contract the HQSS equipment. The remaining view the same situational awareness Mod Tents will remain in-service for The acquisition contract will procure screens to plan and execute their years to come for less demanding 1,435 shelters, and it also includes tasks. The layout of the HQSS’s applications and to augment HQSS for options to acquire an additional internal space is designed to foster more basic shelter needs. The need to 338 shelters. The contract includes collaborative work areas, space for provide a common, safe, supportable, provisions for related equipment briefings, and room for the multitude and effective system is of prime impor- including shelter connector hubs, hard of Command Post digital display tance. The HQSS will be used to doors, black-out vestibules, vehicle screens. The variety of potential support CAF activities in Canada and boots, tactical lighting kits, semi-rigid configurations of equipment and abroad for at least the next 25 years, flooring, environmental control units, spaces is virtually infinite. The and is anticipated to last much longer. layout of the HQSS internal space heaters, and cargo containers. will be determined by the units in References the field and the requirements of In-Service Support (ISS) their mission. Contract 1. Media Response Line, Headquarters Shelter System, January 6, 2017, A unique aspect of this system is that Usage Of The HQSS Materiel Assistant Deputy Minister the winning company was also awarded (Public Affairs). The HQSS will dramatically enhance the ISS contract for a period of five the CAF’s ability to plan, coordinate, years – with four five-year options. 2. Statement of Requirements, Project and command its personnel during It will provide support activities such C.000007, Headquarters Shelter training and deployed operations by as maintaining technical publications, System, Version 3.0, July 8, 2014, providing a modern shelter system for repair and overhaul, spare parts supply, Director Land Requirements. all unit and brigade headquarters. configuration management, system 3. Option Analysis, Headquarters engineering and technical investiga- Shelter System, April 2011, Director The shelters can serve as command tions, and field technical services. Combat Support Equipment posts in an area of operations for larger The ISS contract will allow for timely Management and Director headquarters, a planning area, and support over the life of the HQSS Land Requirements. office and utility areas. Other functions, while minimizing life-cycle costs and including accommodation and medical helping to ensure the CAF is ready Elefteria Gagaous is the facilities, will also be supported with for missions. this equipment. Project Control Officer for the Headquarters Shelter System The shelters will have vehicle boots Next Steps project where she has worked since capable of connecting to in-service The preliminary designs have been joining Directorate Combat Support vehicles and vehicle-mounted hard completed for the HQSS along with Equipment Management (DCSEM) shelters, thus expanding the versatility soldier trials confirming the design team in 2012.

Issue 2, November 2018 | LAND EQUIPEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 29