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Download Download http://journal.uir.ac.id/index.php/JGEET E-ISSN : 2541-5794 P-ISSN : 2503-216X Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Vol 04 No 01 2019 RESEARCH ARTICLE Correlation Between Fracture Azimuth, Surface Lineaments and Regional Tectonics: A case study from Belik District, Central Java, Indonesia Reza Syahputra 1,*, Felix M. H. Sihombing1, Octria A. Prasojo1 1 Geology Study Program, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia. * Corresponding author : [email protected] Tel.:+62-87883917464 Received: Nov 6, 2016; Accepted: Nov 20, 2016. DOI: 10.25299/jgeet.2019.4.1.2294 Abstract Two major strike-slip faults with northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast orientation have shifted the southern Central Java, including Belik District. Consequently, many smaller faults that have the same direction as the major faults and west-east direction folding systems were emerged. The orientation of these geologic structures could be observed from morphological features such as ridge and river. A quantitative approach was carried out to unravel the impacts of those geologic structures on the geomorphology of the study area, which is located between Slamet Mountain and Sindoro Mountain, Central Java province. The method used in this research was the structural geology analysis, including the interpretation of ridge and river lineament, the distribution of fractures, and statistical analysis. The research location is divided into four different segments based on its lineament and morphology. The lineament that has similar characteristics was tested using normality test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov. The Spearman test was used to obtain the correlation between surface lineament and fracture azimuth. All fracture azimuth, ridges and rivers tend to have northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest direction. These results show similar direction with strike-slip regional structural pattern. The statistical calculation and field observation indicate the landform. Keywords: Fracture Azimuth, Lineament, Spearman, Belik alternates with light grey calcareous sandstone, while 1. Introduction the Halang Formation have interlaminated sandstone The morphology of Central Java tends to have and shale. The Central Java Province was influenced by indentation. It is interpreted as the cause of major right wrench fault systems from Late Cretaceous to and left lateral faults movement in that area (Satyana, Paleogene, where it cut each other with left-lateral 2005, 2006, 2009). It is also considered to be fault from northeast to southwest in Muria-Kebumen intensively affected by tectonics (Widagdo, et al, 2018). and right-lateral fault from northwest-southeast in On the other hand, the condition of the outcrop is Cilacap-Pamanukan (Satyana, 2005). sometimes highly affected by weathering and erosion According to fault kinematic ellipsoid, the Muria- which make the tectonic features difficult to be Kebumen and Cilacap-Pamanukan faults may provoke observed. other strike-slip fault and foldings around the research The research location is situated between 1090 area (McClay, K. R., 1991). Most folds between these - 1090 0 70 two strike-slip faults have west-east direction. The South Latitude, which is in the Central Java Province lineament from Mount Slamet, Sindoro, Sumbing and (Fig. 1). It is bordered by Purbalingga district on the Merbabu also showed the same direction with the south, Paninggaran on the east side, and Mount Slamet folding (Pacey, et al, 2013). at the west side. Djuri et al. (1996) divided the The geologic structures can be observed with stratigraphy of the study area from the youngest to the several different techniques including the direct oldest into Late Pliocene Lava of Mount Slamet, Early observation in the field and laboratorial analysis and Miocene of Rambatan Formation, and Middle to Late interpretation. The landscape morphology can be Miocene of Halang Formation. He stated that the affected by endogenic process such as plate tectonic Rambatan Formation consist of shale and marl deformation or local geological structure. The 22 Syahputra, R., et al./ JGEET Vol 04 No 01/2019 structural geology evidence in a tropical country like structural orientation was affected by the Indonesia, is difficult to observe because of the high compressional force from North to South (N 3500 E). weathering rate (BNPB, 2010). Hence, laboratorial The wrench faults which were resulted on the left and analysis and interpretation become crucial in the right of the folding system lead to 450 to its identification of the deformation process. compressional force. Hence, Java is divided into three blocks. The first one is positioned higher than the second and third block. Each of blocks is bordered by a couple of strike-slip fault with northwest-southeast direction between the first and the second and northeast-southwest direction between the first and the third one. All the structural from the main compressional force are categorized as a R1 and R2 system in Riedel shear model. The North Serayu Mountain experienced three Fig. 1. Map showing the research location. The strike-slip fault cut each episodes of tectonics activity: (1) Miocene to Pliocene, other in the opposite slip and trend. Modified from Satyana (2005). (2) Pliocene to Pleistocene, and (3) Holocene (van Bemmelen, 1949; N. Ratman and G. Robinson,1996). We propose a combination approach, employing field acquisition and statistical analysis to study 2. Methodology geologic structures. A Combination of these methods This research attempted to support field may increase the chance of having a better result and observation with statistical analysis. Basic geological eliminate the uncertainty. Many successful cases have mapping was first carried out to check the lithology and applied statistics to determine the landscape structural geology evidence. These parameters then morphology evolution related with tectonics (Zadeh, et used to help the statistic calculation. al, 2013; Vannametee et al., 2014; Yudhicara, et al, The research area was divided into several 2017). segments based on its morphology before the This research employs the bivariate analysis to lineament was drawn. It was conducted by manual evaluate the relationship between the fracture azimuth interpretation and aimed to have precise lineament and the surface lineament direction. This method was trend that fit with its group, so it can represent the chosen because of its efficiency and effectiveness to direction of actual alignment. decipher the main factors that affect their The lineament from ridge and river were calculated development. This statistical analysis must be thoroughly. They were resulted from the topographic supported by other geological evidence in order to map and the satellite imagery. To better signify the minimize or eliminate the error and misinterpretation. intensity the length of lineaments is put into The landscape morphology in Central Java Province consideration in statistical calculation using weighting tend to emerge by following the folding direction, method. The result then compared with fracture which shows the west-east direction parallel to the measurements in the field to find out the correlation. folding direction. This research aims to unravel the The fracture azimuth and lineament were influence of tectonics process on the formed landscape compared based on its segments. For example, we morphology and to determine which processes were compare the fracture from segment 1 to ridge and river more dominant compare to other geological processes. in the same segment and others. Then we considered to calibrate the lineament with the main regional 1.1 Regional Geology tectonics force in each segment. Tectonic pattern from Neogene Central Java sub Before each data compared to each other, all basin on the northern part is a part of back-arc basin. It lineaments and fractures data were tested whether the is formed between magmatic arc on the south data distribution has a normal trend or not using (Southern Java) and the Sundaland on the north as a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. result of subduction between Eurasia and Indo- We use bivariate analysis to test correlation Australian plate. between fracture and lineament. Pearson test was used The research area which is located in Besuki when data distribution is normal, while Spearman test Majenang High is part of North Serayu Mountain Zone. was u The mountainous zone extends from west to east with distribution. R value is expressing magnitude of the the width ranging from 30 to 50 kilometers (van correlation, while p value is expressing level of Bemmelen, 1949) significance. Situmorang et al. (1976) postulated the faulting The statistical results were managed using SPSS mechanism in Java based on Riedel shear concept. software (Statistical Product for Social Science) © Furthermore, he explained it was resulted from the version 25.0. collision between Eurasia and Indo-Australia plate in The result was interpreted by combining the the Middle Cretaceous and then formed specific fault geological condition (such as geomorphology, and fold pattern. Kusumayudha (1994) explained that lithology, and drainage pattern) with the statistical the meridional fracture system or west to east calculation. A good match between those parameters Syahputra, R., et al./ JGEET Vol 04 No 01/2019 23 lead to a better understanding of the endogenic and meters with 10 20 % of slope which has the exogenic processes in the past. interlaminated sandstone and
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