Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia
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Banda Islands, Indonesia
INSULARITY AND ADAPTATION INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF EXCHANGE AND INTER-ISLAND INTERACTION IN THE BANDA ISLANDS, INDONESIA Emily J. Peterson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2015 Reading Committee: Peter V. Lape, Chair James K. Feathers Benjamin Marwick Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology ©Copyright 2015 Emily J. Peterson University of Washington Abstract Insularity and Adaptation Investigating the role of exchange and inter-island interaction in the Banda Islands, Indonesia Emily J. Peterson Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Peter V. Lape Department of Anthropology Trade and exchange exerted a powerful force in the historic and protohistoric past of Island Southeast Asian communities. Exchange and interaction are also hypothesized to have played an important role in the spread of new technologies and lifestyles throughout the region during the Neolithic period. Although it is clear that interaction has played an important role in shaping Island Southeast Asian cultures on a regional scale, little is known about local histories and trajectories of exchange in much of the region. This dissertation aims to improve our understanding of the adaptive role played by exchange and interaction through an exploration of change over time in the connectedness of island communities in the Banda Islands, eastern Indonesia. Connectedness is examined by measuring source diversity for two different types of archaeological materials. Chemical characterization of pottery using LA-ICP-MS allows the identification of geochemically different paste groups within the earthenware assemblages of two Banda Islands sites. Source diversity measures are employed to identify differences in relative connectedness between these sites and changes over time. -
THE BATTLE of the CORAL SEA — an OVERVIEW by A.H
50 THE BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA — AN OVERVIEW by A.H. Craig Captain Andrew H. Craig, RANEM, served in the RAN 1959 to 1988, was Commanding officer of 817 Squadron (Sea King helicopters), and served in Vietnam 1968-1979, with the RAN Helicopter Flight, Vietnam and No.9 Squadroom RAAF. From December 1941 to May 1942 Japanese armed forces had achieved a remarkable string of victories. Hong Kong, Malaya and Singapore were lost and US forces in the Philippines were in full retreat. Additionally, the Japanese had landed in Timor and bombed Darwin. The rapid successes had caught their strategic planners somewhat by surprise. The naval and army staffs eventually agreed on a compromise plan for future operations which would involve the invasion of New Guinea and the capture of Port Moresby and Tulagi. Known as Operation MO, the plan aimed to cut off the eastern sea approaches to Darwin and cut the lines of communication between Australia and the United States. Operation MO was highly complex and involved six separate naval forces. It aimed to seize the islands of Tulagi in the Solomons and Deboyne off the east coast of New Guinea. Both islands would then be used as bases for flying boats which would conduct patrols into the Coral Sea to protect the flank of the Moresby invasion force which would sail from Rabaul. That the Allied Forces were in the Coral Sea area in such strength in late April 1942 was no accident. Much crucial intelligence had been gained by the American ability to break the Japanese naval codes. -
Morphotectonic Study of a Watershed Controlled by Active Fault in Southern Garut, West Java, Indonesia
Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences Volume 52, No. 2, 2019 pp. 96-105 Morphotectonic study of a watershed controlled by active fault in Southern Garut, West Java, Indonesia JohanBudi Winarto1,2*, EMI Sukiyah3, Agus Didit Haryanto3 and Iyan Haryanto3 1Geology Agency, Bundung, West java, Indonesia 2Post graduate program of Geology, faculty of Geological Engineering Padajadjaran University, Bandung, West java, Indonesia 3Department of Geoscience, Faculty of Geological Engineering Padajadjaran University, Bandung, West java, Indonesia *Corresponding author's email: [email protected] Submitted date: March 1, 2019 Accepted date: Sep 22, 2019 Published Online: Abstract This research aimed to analyze geomorphological shapes of the Cilaki watershed in Southern West Java in relation to geological structures using a geomorphological approach . The Cilaki watershed is characterized by wide valley shapes in the mid to upstream areas and narrow valley shapes in the downstream area, which shape is like a wine glass. The Cilaki watershed is dominated by Quaternary volcanic deposits, while in the downstream area Tertiary sedimentary rocks are exposed. The Cilaki watershed appears to be controlled by active fault, but it isn't known how its stage of activities. The morphotectonic analysis focuses on the influences of geological structures on the shape of the watershed using remote sensing method. The tectonic frame is determined by tectonical analysis base on Southern West Java tectonic setting. We divide the morphotectonic study of the Cilaki watershed into three parts: 1) the quantitative characteristics of the geomorphology; 2) morphometrical analysis; and 3) characteristics of the geological structures. The shape and boundaries of the Cilaki watershed are determined by their structural influences. -
Traditional Leadership in the Constitution of the Marshall Islands
TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS by C. J. LYNCH Working Papers Series Pacific Islands Studies Center for Asian and Pacific Studies in collaboration with the Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii Joe Lynch is a consultant on legislation and constitutional drafting whose long experience in the Pacific encompasses island areas in Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. Robert C. Kiste, Director Pacific Islands Studies Program Center for Asian and Pacific Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (With Comparative Notes) C. J. Lynch 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface v Introductory 1 Part I. THE COUNCIL OF IROIJ l. The precursors 3 2. Functions of the Council 4 (a) General 4 (b) Relations with the Nitijela 6 ( c) The Council in action 9 3. Composition of the Council 10 4. Procedures of the Council 13 5. Miscellaneous matters 14 6. Comparisons 16 (a) Palau 16 (b) The Federated States of Micronesia 17 (c) Yap 18 (d) Vanuatu 21 (e) Western Samoa 22 (f) The Cook Islands 22 (g) Comment 24 Part II. THE TRADITIONAL RIGHTS COURT 7. The Traditional Rights Court and the judicial system 27 ADDENDUM: Two problems of interpretation 8. Comparisons and comment 34 Part III. CONCLUSION 9. General comments 35 10. Is a traditional input desirable? 37 APPENDIX 42 NOTES 43 iii PREFACE It hardly needs to be said that this paper is written by a lawyer and from a lawyer's point of view. This fact, however , necessarily means that it is selective, firstly in the aspects of its subject that are considered and secondly in the detail (especially on non-legal aspects) into which it goes. -
Human Discovery and Settlement of the Remote Easter Island (SE Pacific)
quaternary Review Human Discovery and Settlement of the Remote Easter Island (SE Pacific) Valentí Rull Laboratory of Paleoecology, Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera (ICTJA-CSIC), C. Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] Received: 19 March 2019; Accepted: 27 March 2019; Published: 2 April 2019 Abstract: The discovery and settlement of the tiny and remote Easter Island (Rapa Nui) has been a classical controversy for decades. Present-day aboriginal people and their culture are undoubtedly of Polynesian origin, but it has been debated whether Native Americans discovered the island before the Polynesian settlement. Until recently, the paradigm was that Easter Island was discovered and settled just once by Polynesians in their millennial-scale eastward migration across the Pacific. However, the evidence for cultivation and consumption of an American plant—the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)—on the island before the European contact (1722 CE), even prior to the Europe-America contact (1492 CE), revived controversy. This paper reviews the classical archaeological, ethnological and paleoecological literature on the subject and summarizes the information into four main hypotheses to explain the sweet potato enigma: the long-distance dispersal hypothesis, the back-and-forth hypothesis, the Heyerdahl hypothesis, and the newcomers hypothesis. These hypotheses are evaluated in light of the more recent evidence (last decade), including molecular DNA phylogeny and phylogeography of humans and associated plants and animals, physical anthropology (craniometry and dietary analysis), and new paleoecological findings. It is concluded that, with the available evidence, none of the former hypotheses may be rejected and, therefore, all possibilities remain open. -
Ecological and Socio-Economic Impacts of Dive
ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DIVE AND SNORKEL TOURISM IN ST. LUCIA, WEST INDIES Nola H. L. Barker Thesis submittedfor the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science Environment Department University of York August 2003 Abstract Coral reefsprovide many servicesand are a valuableresource, particularly for tourism, yet they are suffering significant degradationand pollution worldwide. To managereef tourism effectively a greaterunderstanding is neededof reef ecological processesand the impactsthat tourist activities haveon them. This study explores the impact of divers and snorkelerson the reefs of St. Lucia, West Indies, and how the reef environmentaffects tourists' perceptionsand experiencesof them. Observationsof divers and snorkelersrevealed that their impact on the reefs followed certainpatterns and could be predictedfrom individuals', site and dive characteristics.Camera use, night diving and shorediving were correlatedwith higher levels of diver damage.Briefings by dive leadersalone did not reducetourist contactswith the reef but interventiondid. Interviewswith tourists revealedthat many choseto visit St. Lucia becauseof its marineprotected area. Certain site attributes,especially marine life, affectedtourists' experiencesand overall enjoyment of reefs.Tourists were not alwaysable to correctly ascertainabundance of marine life or sedimentpollution but they were sensitiveto, and disliked seeingdamaged coral, poor underwatervisibility, garbageand other tourists damagingthe reef. Some tourists found sitesto be -
The Lower Bathyal and Abyssal Seafloor Fauna of Eastern Australia T
O’Hara et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2020) 13:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-020-00194-1 RESEARCH Open Access The lower bathyal and abyssal seafloor fauna of eastern Australia T. D. O’Hara1* , A. Williams2, S. T. Ahyong3, P. Alderslade2, T. Alvestad4, D. Bray1, I. Burghardt3, N. Budaeva4, F. Criscione3, A. L. Crowther5, M. Ekins6, M. Eléaume7, C. A. Farrelly1, J. K. Finn1, M. N. Georgieva8, A. Graham9, M. Gomon1, K. Gowlett-Holmes2, L. M. Gunton3, A. Hallan3, A. M. Hosie10, P. Hutchings3,11, H. Kise12, F. Köhler3, J. A. Konsgrud4, E. Kupriyanova3,11,C.C.Lu1, M. Mackenzie1, C. Mah13, H. MacIntosh1, K. L. Merrin1, A. Miskelly3, M. L. Mitchell1, K. Moore14, A. Murray3,P.M.O’Loughlin1, H. Paxton3,11, J. J. Pogonoski9, D. Staples1, J. E. Watson1, R. S. Wilson1, J. Zhang3,15 and N. J. Bax2,16 Abstract Background: Our knowledge of the benthic fauna at lower bathyal to abyssal (LBA, > 2000 m) depths off Eastern Australia was very limited with only a few samples having been collected from these habitats over the last 150 years. In May–June 2017, the IN2017_V03 expedition of the RV Investigator sampled LBA benthic communities along the lower slope and abyss of Australia’s eastern margin from off mid-Tasmania (42°S) to the Coral Sea (23°S), with particular emphasis on describing and analysing patterns of biodiversity that occur within a newly declared network of offshore marine parks. Methods: The study design was to deploy a 4 m (metal) beam trawl and Brenke sled to collect samples on soft sediment substrata at the target seafloor depths of 2500 and 4000 m at every 1.5 degrees of latitude along the western boundary of the Tasman Sea from 42° to 23°S, traversing seven Australian Marine Parks. -
Cook Islands & French Polynesia Joint Media Statement
GOVERNMENTS OF THE COOK ISLANDS & FRENCH POLYNESIA JOINT MEDIA STATEMENT: AUTHORISED FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE LEADERS HAIL NEW DAWN FOR POLYNESIAN NEIGHBOURS NOW CONNECTING AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT – joint statement by leaders of French Polynesia and Cook Islands – – ground breaking transnational partnership comes to fruition – – Cook Islands consumers now benefiting from first ever international fibre connectivity – – French Polynesia’s OPT and Cook Island’s Avaroa Cable in extended commercial deal – RAROTONGA, COOK ISLANDS & TAHITI, FRENCH POLYNESIA, 23 SEPTEMBER 2020: Political leaders in the Cook Islands and French Polynesia today paid tribute to the fruition of a ground breaking international partnership that has created the Manatua One Polynesia cable. Page 1 of 5 The 3600km cable concept grew from a ‘twinkle in the eye’ of regional leaders into an International Treaty signed in April 2017, and a delivery and operating contract between the four national operators agreed in Auckland, New Zealand in November 2018. The cable installation was declared complete earlier this year, on time and within budget despite the prevailing global crisis. Today, leaders celebrated the further collaboration between Avaroa Cable in the Cook Islands and OPT in French Polynesia which has put in place the first ever live fibre cable internet connectivity from the Cook Island to the global internet. This will enable the transformation of the internet user experience in Rarotonga and Aitutaki in the Cook Islands, supercharging their connections. The Manatua One Polynesia Cable Project is the first international collaboration of its kind in the Pacific and has been seen as a future model for cooperation. The initiative aims to transform the affordability, speed, reliability and resilience of regional connectivity. -
Archaeological Perspectives on the History and Conduct of the Queensland Labour Trade
ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following work: Beck, Stephen William (2008) Maritime mechanisms of contact and change: archaeological perspectives on the history and conduct of the Queensland labour trade. PhD Thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: https://doi.org/10.25903/5ed6da5799c62 Copyright © 2008 Stephen William Beck. The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owners of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email [email protected] Maritime Mechanisms of Contact and Change: Archaeological Perspectives on the History and Conduct of the Queensland Labour Trade. Thesis submitted by Stephen William BECK BSocSc (Hons ) in September 2008 For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology, Archaeology and Sociology in the School of Arts and Social Sciences James Cook University. STATEMENT OF ACCESS I, the undersigned author of this thesis, understand that James Cook University will make this thesis available for use within the University Library and, via the Australian Digital Thesis Network, for use elsewhere. I understand that, as an unpublished work, a thesis has significant protection under the Copyright Act and I do not wish to place any further restriction on access to this work. _______________________ _______________ Signature Date ii STATEMENT ON SOURCES DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any university or other institution of tertiary education. -
EASTER ISLAND to TAHITI: TALES of the PACIFIC 2022 Route: Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia to Easter Island, Chile
EASTER ISLAND TO TAHITI: TALES OF THE PACIFIC 2022 route: Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia to Easter Island, Chile 19 Days National Geographic Resolution - 126 Guests National Geographic Orion - 102 Guests Expeditions in: Mar From $20,000 to $43,590 * Following in the wake of early Polynesian navigators, this voyage takes you to the farthest reaches of Oceania. From remote and enigmatic Easter Island, to the historically significant Pitcairn Islands through the “low islands” of the Tuamotu Archipelago to Tahiti, you’ll visit islands that are virtually inaccessible and untouched. The voyage begins in one of the most isolated landfalls of Polynesia: Easter Island. Walk the length of untouched tropical beaches, meet the descendants of H.M.S. Bounty mutineers, and drift dive or snorkel through an atoll pass. Call us at 1.800.397.3348 or call your Travel Agent. In Australia, call 1300.361.012 • www.expeditions.com DAY 1: U.S./Papeete, French Polynesia padding Depart in the late afternoon for Tahiti and arrive late in the evening on the same day. Check into a hotel room and spend the evening at your leisure. 2022 Departure Dates: 8 Nov DAY 2: Papeete/Embark padding This morning enjoy breakfast at your leisure and 2023 Departure Dates: spend some time exploring the resort while 6 Apr, 17 Apr adjusting to island time. Meet your fellow travelers for lunch and then join us for a tour of Tahiti before Important Flight Information embarking the ship in the late afternoon. (B,L,D) Please confirm arrival and departure dates prior to booking flights. -
Secrets of Melanesia EXPEDITION
11 DAY Secrets of Melanesia EXPEDITION 2013 Departures 24 October 2013 245 Blenheim Road, Christchurch Tel: 03 963 7000 Email: [email protected] www.hcbtravel.co.nz ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… A once-in-a-lifetime experience southern Santa Isabel. Here the rhythms of life continue little changed, with daily life centered around the village and family. The Sail into a world that few have ever experienced, idyllic islands and multitude of inlets, channels and bays provide numerous isolated villages where unique time-honored traditions and elaborately opportunities for divers to experience the thrill of a ―first‖ dive. costumed dancers welcome us into their world. Sail from Honiara, the capital of the Solomon Islands, to discover the beauty of the outer Day 3: Malaita Solomon Islands. Relax as our ship glides into secluded bays, and Mountainous Malaita is home to one-third of the Solomon’s total takes us to remote oceanic islands where the art of traditional population, with pristine rivers and unexploited tropical forests. An- navigation lives today. In Vanuatu, search for endemic bird species or choring in one of the harbours on the western side of the island, we’ll dive one of the world’s most famous wrecks and discover hidden spend the day ashore, including a visit to Langa Langa Lagoon, fa- worlds, islands picture post card beautiful but yet to be discovered. mous for its artificial islands. An excursion into the hills behind Auki provides good chances of sighting birds endemic to Malaita. The For birders this itinerary offers once in a lifetime species on remote island is culturally rich, with shark worship common on the western islands where few have been before. -
The Pitcairn Islands the World’S Largest Fully Protected Marine Reserve
A fact sheet from March 2015 The Pitcairn Islands The world’s largest fully protected marine reserve Overview In March 2015, the United Kingdom declared the world’s largest fully protected marine reserve in the remote waters surrounding the Pitcairn Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. The designation marks the first time any government has combined creation of a fully protected marine area with detailed plans for surveillance and enforcement that include use of the most up-to-date technology available. This approach sets a new standard for the comprehensive monitoring of protected areas. In 2013, The Pew Charitable Trusts and The National Geographic Society joined the local government, the Pitcairn Island Council, in submitting a proposal calling for creation of a marine reserve to protect these spectacular waters. The Pitcairn Islands Marine Reserve spans 834,334 square kilometres (322,138 square miles). Together with the Chagos Marine Reserve in the Indian Ocean, designated in 2010, the United Kingdom has created the world’s two biggest fully protected marine areas, totalling 1,474,334 square kilometres (569,243 square miles). Through these actions, the United Kingdom—caretaker of the fifth-greatest amount of marine habitat of any country in the world—has established its place as a global leader in ocean conservation. Pitcairn Islands Marine Reserve Traditional and cultural non-commercial fishing by the Pitcairn islanders and their visitors is permitted within 2 nautical miles of the summit of 40 Mile Reef and in a transit zone between Pitcairn and 40 Mile Reef. © 2015 The Pew Charitable Trusts Encompassing 99 per cent of Pitcairn’s exclusive economic zone, the Pitcairn Islands Marine Reserve is about 3½ times the size of the land area of the United Kingdom.