THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROPAGATORS’ SOCIETY Combined Proceedings Volume 55 2005 et im re p re e e rt a ir u e q AUSTRALIAN REGION EASTERN REGION, NortH AMERICA REGION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND IPPS JAPAN REGION NEW ZEALAND REGION SCANDINAVIAN REGION SOUTHERN AFRICAN potential REGION SOUTHERN REGION of NortH AMeriCA WESTERN REGION ISSN 0538-9143 THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROPAGATORS’ SOCIETY Combined Proceedings Volume 55 2005 et im re p re e e rt a ir u e q AUSTRALIAN REGION EASTERN REGION, NORTH AMERICA REGION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND IPPS JAPAN REGION NEW ZEALAND REGION IPPS SCANDINAVIAN REGION SOUTHERN AFRICAN POTENTIAL REGION SOUTHERN REGION OF NORTH AMERICA WESTERN REGION Copyright © 2006. The International Plant Propagators’ Society All Rights Reserved Published 2006 ISSN 0538-9143 2 Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators’ Society, Volume 55, 2005 Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators’ Society (ISSN 0538-9143) is a yearly publication of the International Plant Propagators’ Society (IPPS), 526 Brittany Dr., State College, Pennsylvania 16803, U.S.A. Phone: 1-814- 238-3494; Fax: 814-238-7051; e-mail: [email protected] Business Office. Memberships are processed at the regional level, with dues being allocated to both international and regional expenses. Contact the regional secretary- treasurer (http://www.ipps.org) in your area of the world for membership informa- tion and applications. Correspondence regarding replacement copies of proceedings, claims, and changes of address should be sent to a regional secretary-treasurer. The International Plant Propagators’ Society is not responsible for statements and opinions published in the Combined Proceedings International Plant Propaga- tors’ Society; they represent the views of the authors or persons to whom they are credited and are not necessarily those of the Society. The publication of research or other types of information by the Society does not constitute a recommendation or endorsement of products or procedures involved; for general use, label recommen- dations and directions must be followed. Reprinting and quotations from the Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators’ Society are permitted only on the conditions that full credit is given to both the Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators’ Society and writ- ten approval is obtained from the author(s). In addition, the volume, pagination, and date of publication must be indicated. Contents Contents OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS ................................................................................... 5 PAST PRESIDENTS .................................................................................................... 6 INTERNATIONAL AWARD OF HONOR list ........................................................... 7 HONORARY MEMBERS ............................................................................................ 7 SUMMARY FOR 2005 ................................................................................................. 9 FINANCIAL SUMMARY ............................................................................................ 13 IN MEMORIAM .......................................................................................................... 16 AUSTRALIAN REGION Officers and Executive Committee ....................................................................... 17 Past Presidents ....................................................................................................... 17 Australian Award of Honour ................................................................................. 18 EASTERN REGION, NORTH AMERICA Officers and Executive Committee ....................................................................... 18 Past Presidents ....................................................................................................... 19 Award of Merit Recipients ..................................................................................... 19 Fellow Recipients ................................................................................................... 20 REGION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND Officers and Executive Committee ....................................................................... 21 Past Presidents ....................................................................................................... 22 Recipients of Rose Bowl Award ............................................................................. 22 Recipients of the Robert Garner Award ............................................................... 23 IPPS JAPAN REGION Officers and Executive Committee ....................................................................... 23 Past Presidents ....................................................................................................... 23 NEW ZEALAND REGION Officers and Executive Committee ....................................................................... 24 Past Presidents ....................................................................................................... 24 Award of Merit ........................................................................................................ 24 Award of Recognition ............................................................................................. 24 IPPS SCANDINAVIAN REGION Officers and Executive Committee ....................................................................... 25 Past Presidents ....................................................................................................... 25 Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators’ Society, Volume 55, 2005 SOUTHERN AFRICAN POTENTIAL REGION Officers and Executive Committee ....................................................................... 25 Past Presidents ....................................................................................................... 26 SOUTHERN REGION OF NORTH AMERICA Officers and Executive Committee ....................................................................... 26 Past Presidents ....................................................................................................... 26 Recipients of Sidney B. Meadows Award of Merit .............................................. 27 Fellow Recipients ................................................................................................... 27 WESTERN REGION Officers and Executive Committee ....................................................................... 27 Past Presidents ....................................................................................................... 28 Curtis J. Alley Award of Merit Recipients ........................................................... 29 LIST OF PAPERS: Seventh Annual Meeting — Southern African Potential Region ...................... 30 Thirty-Third Annual Meeting — Australian Region .......................................... 30 Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting — New Zealand Region ................................... 31 Twelfth Annual Meeting — IPPS Japan Region ................................................. 32 Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting — Region of Great Britain and Ireland.......... 33 Fourteenth Annual Meeting — IPPS Scandinavian Region ............................. 34 Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting — Eastern Region, North America ....................... 34 Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting — Western Region ................................................ 36 Thirtieth Annual Meeting — Southern Region of North America .................... 37 TECHNICAL SESSIONS: Southern African Potential Region — Seventh Annual Meeting ...................... 39 Australian Region — Thirty-Third Annual Meeting .......................................... 83 New Zealand Region — Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting ................................. 149 IPPS Japan Region — Twelfth Annual Meeting ............................................... 209 Great Britain and Ireland Region — Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting ............ 235 IPPS Scandinavian Region — Fourteenth Annual Meeting ........................... 297 Eastern Region, North America — Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting ..................... 319 Western Region — Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting .............................................. 457 Southern Region of North America — Thirtieth Annual Meeting .................. 533 SUBJECT INDEX ....................................................................................................... 611 PLANT NAME INDEX ................................................................................................ 632 AUTHOR INDEX......................................................................................................... 647 The International Plant Propagators’ Society, Inc. 5 The International Plant Propagators’ Society, Inc. Mailing Address: 526 Brittany Dr., State College, Pennsylvania 16803-1420, U.S.A. OFFICERS – 2006 Jörgen H. Selchau GPL International as Lavsenvänget 18 Odense V, DK-5200 Denmark President James D. Gilbert Gilbert’s Nursery, Inc. 4675 Peachtree Road Chesnee, South Carolina 29323 U.S.A. Vice-President International Secretary-Treasurer — PATRICIA E. HEUSER 526 Brittany Dr., State College Pennsylvania 16803-1420 U.S.A. Honorary International Secretary-Treasurer — DR. JOHN A. WOTT 4606 25th Avenue NE, PMB 582 Seattle, Washington 98105, U.S.A. International Editor — DR. CHARLES W. HEUSER, JR. The Pennsylvania State University Department of Horticulture 315 Tyson Building University Park, Pennsylvania