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Prithvi Academic Journal
PRITHVI ACADEMIC JOURNAL Prithvi Academic Journal (A Peer-Reviewed, Open Access International Journal) ISSN 2631-200X (Print); ISSN 2631-2352 (Online) Volume 3; May 2020 Trends of Temperature and Rainfall in Pokhara Upendra Paudel, Associate Professor Department of Geography, Prithvi Narayan Campus Tribhuvan University, Nepal ABSTRACT Climate is an average condition of temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind, precipitation and other meteorological elements. It is a changing phenomenon. Natural processes and human activities have helped change the climate. Temperature is a vital element of climate, which fluctuates in the course of time and leads to change other elements of the whole climate. An attempt has been made to analyze the pattern of temperature and rainfall of Pokhara with the help of the two decades’ temperature and rainfall conditions obtained from the station of Pokhara airport. The increasing trend of temperature and the decreasing trend of rainfall might be the symbol of climatic modification. This trend refers to some changes in the climatic condition that may affect water resources, vegetation, forests and agriculture. KEYWORDS: Adaptation, climate, climatic modification, desertification, environmental problem, fluctuation, greenhouse gases INTRODUCTION Climate is an aggregate of atmospheric conditions including, humidity, air pressure, wind, precipitation and other meteorological elements in a given area over a long period of time (Critchfield, 1990). It is not ever static but a changeable phenomenon. Such type of change occurs in quality and quantity of the components of climate like temperature, air pressure, humidity, rainfall, etc. Natural and man-induced factors are responsible for the modification of climate. It is a global issue faced by every living thing of the world. -
Chitwan District Jail Bharatpur Alt: 240 M Amsl
E v a l u a t i o n o f b i o g a s s a n i t a t i o n s y s t e m s i n N e p a l e s e p r i s o n s S a n d e c Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries E v a l u a t i o n o f b i o g a s s a n i t a t i o n s y s t e m s i n N e p a l e s e p r i s o n s Summary Presentation of Evaluation Results August 09 E v a l u a t i o n o f b i o g a s s a n i t a t i o n s y s t e m s i n N e p a l e s e p r i s o n s T a b l e o f c o n t e n t s 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 2. Monitoring 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Methodologies 3. Evaluation 2. Monitoring 2.1 Monitored systems 4. Discussion 2.2 Treatment efficiency 2.3 Biogas 3. Evaluation 3.1 Technical 3.2 Organizational 3.3 Economic 3.4 Environmental 3.5 Socio-cultural 3.6 Sanitation/Health 4. Discussion 4.1 Recommendation 4.2 Conclusion E v a l u a t i o n o f b i o g a s s a n i t a t i o n s y s t e m s i n N e p a l e s e p r i s o n s B a c k g r o u n d 1. -
Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Strategy Andactionplan2016-2025|Chitwan-Annapurnalandscape,Nepal
Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Strategy andActionPlan2016-2025|Chitwan-AnnapurnaLandscape,Nepal Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-1- 4211567, 4211936 Fax: +977-1-4223868 Website: www.mfsc.gov.np Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025 Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Publisher: Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Citation: Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation 2015. Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2025, Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape, Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal Cover photo credits: Forest, River, Women in Community and Rhino © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Nabin Baral Snow leopard © WWF Nepal/ DNPWC Rhododendron © WWF Nepal Back cover photo credits: Forest, Gharial, Peacock © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Nabin Baral Red Panda © Kamal Thapa/ WWF Nepal Buckwheat fi eld in Ghami village, Mustang © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Kapil Khanal Women in wetland © WWF Nepal, Hariyo Ban Program/ Kashish Das Shrestha © Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Acronyms and Abbreviations ACA Annapurna Conservation Area asl Above Sea Level BZ Buffer Zone BZUC Buffer Zone User Committee CA Conservation Area CAMC Conservation Area Management Committee CAPA Community Adaptation Plans for Action CBO Community Based Organization CBS -
People and Forests Politics, Science, and the Environment Peter M
People and Forests Politics, Science, and the Environment Peter M. Haas, Sheila Jasanoff, and Gene Rochlin, editors Shadows in the Forest: Japan and the Politics of Timber in Southeast Asia, Peter Dauvergne Views from the Alps: Regional Perspectives on Climate Change, Peter Cebon, Urs Dahinden, Huw Davies, Dieter M. Imboden, and Carlo C. Jaeger, editors People and Forests: Communities, Institutions, and Governance, Clark C. Gibson, Margaret A. McKean, and Elinor Ostrom, editors People and Forests Communities, Institutions, and Governance edited by Clark C. Gibson, Margaret A. McKean, and Elinor Ostrom The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 2000 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or infor- mation storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. Chapter 5, ‘‘Optimal Foraging, Institutions, and Forest Change: A Case from Nepal,’’ by Charles M. Schweik, is reprinted with permission from Kluwer Aca- demic Publishers, forthcoming in Environmental Monitoring & Assessment 63/ 64 (2000). This book was set in Sabon by Achorn Graphic Services, Inc., and printed and bound in the United States of America. Printed on recycled paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data People and forests : communities, institutions, and governance / edited by Clark C. Gibson, Margaret A. McKean, and Elinor Ostrom. p. cm.—(Politics, science, and the environment) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-262-07201-7 (hc.: alk. paper)—ISBN 0-262-57137-4 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Forest management—Social aspects. 2. Forestry and community. I. -
Typology and Distribution in Pokhara Lekhnath Metropolitan City
The Geographical Journal of Nepal Vol. 11: 25-44, 2018 Central Department of Geography, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Open space: Typology and distribution in Pokhara Lekhnath metropolitan city Ramjee Prasad Pokharel1*; and Narendra Raj Khanal2 1Department of Geography, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara (Tribhuvan University) Nepal; 2Central Department of Geography, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal (*Corresponding Author: [email protected]) Open space is essential part of city life because it provides an opportunity for recreation, playing, religious activities, political activities, cultural activities and so on. This paper discusses the types of open space and its distribution in Pokhara Lekhanath Metropolitan City (PLMC). An inventory of open spaces was prepared based on the available analog maps with intensive field verification. There are eight major and 32 subtypes of open spaces with a total number of 246 within the PLMC. The main types of open spaces are park, playground, religious site, water surface, cave, aesthetic view point, river strip and messy places. Those open spaces vary in form, size, ownership and functions. The distribution of open spaces is not uniform among the 33 Wards in the Pokhara Lekhanath Metropolitan City. The number of open space varies from only one to twenty-one and total area of open space varies from only 51 ha to 4786 ha among those Wards. Per capita area of open space ranges from 0.16 to 659 m2 among those wards. In many wards, per capita area of open space is less than 9 m² which is recommended by FAO. Such a poor situation is created mainly due to the lack of public land use planning, encroachment in open space for development of infrastructure such as public buildings, and lack of knowledge about the importance of open spaces among decision makers and local people and weak capacity of local people to protect and conserve open space from encroachment. -
ZSL National Red List of Nepal's Birds Volume 5
The Status of Nepal's Birds: The National Red List Series Volume 5 Published by: The Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK Copyright: ©Zoological Society of London and Contributors 2016. All Rights reserved. The use and reproduction of any part of this publication is welcomed for non-commercial purposes only, provided that the source is acknowledged. ISBN: 978-0-900881-75-6 Citation: Inskipp C., Baral H. S., Phuyal S., Bhatt T. R., Khatiwada M., Inskipp, T, Khatiwada A., Gurung S., Singh P. B., Murray L., Poudyal L. and Amin R. (2016) The status of Nepal's Birds: The national red list series. Zoological Society of London, UK. Keywords: Nepal, biodiversity, threatened species, conservation, birds, Red List. Front Cover Back Cover Otus bakkamoena Aceros nipalensis A pair of Collared Scops Owls; owls are A pair of Rufous-necked Hornbills; species highly threatened especially by persecution Hodgson first described for science Raj Man Singh / Brian Hodgson and sadly now extinct in Nepal. Raj Man Singh / Brian Hodgson The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of any participating organizations. Notes on front and back cover design: The watercolours reproduced on the covers and within this book are taken from the notebooks of Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800-1894). -
Targeted INTERVENTION SERVICES for PEOPLE WHO
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL, VOL. 32, NO. 2, DECEMBER, 2018 203 TARGETED INTERVENTION SERVICES FOR PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGS IN NEPAL Dipendra Bahadur K.C.* ABSTRACT This study was conducted in the several districts of TI project implemented areas where 102 respondents as a sample size and 12 were the Female Who Injects Drugs (FWID): Kathmandu, Lalitpur Kaski, Tanahu, Chitwan, Kailali, Sarlahi and Jhapa respectively. For the study 10-15 participants enrolled from each districts. The major findings of the study are based upon the Drug User’s perspectives includes: PWIDs were unable to receive services from the Dropping in Centers (DIC) due to the extreme police harassment in the Kaski district. Using contaminated syringe, sharing of used syringe in a group, stolen syringe from the hospitals were the common trend identified during the gap of the project for PWIDs by Nepal Government in Kaski district, Tanahu district and Chitwan district respectively. This study reveals that there was lack of standard intervention protocol and guidelines for the PWIDs community. Furthermore, comprehensive package as well as multi years project was felt to be necessary without any gaps in the services to reduce the HIV transmission, HCV and Hep B among the PWIDs. Keywords: NCASC (National Centre for Aids and STD Control), Stigma & discrimination, Police harassment, Service gap, needle & Syringe, HIV, Blood borne disease, Nepal Government, primary Health Care(PHC), Drop in Centre (DIC), Project, Problem solving. INTRODUCTION People Who Inject Drugs are among the group most vulnerable to HIV infection. HIV prevalence among injecting Drug Users was 28 times higher than among the rest of the population (Harm Reduction International, 2016). -
Gandaki Province
2020 PROVINCIAL PROFILES GANDAKI PROVINCE Surveillance, Point of Entry Risk Communication and and Rapid Response Community Engagement Operations Support Laboratory Capacity and Logistics Infection Prevention and Control & Partner Clinical Management Coordination Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Contents Surveillance, Point of Entry 3 and Rapid Response Laboratory Capacity 11 Infection Prevention and 19 Control & Clinical Management Risk Communication and Community Engagement 25 Operations Support 29 and Logistics Partner Coordination 35 PROVINCIAL PROFILES: BAGMATI PROVINCE 3 1 SURVEILLANCE, POINT OF ENTRY AND RAPID RESPONSE 4 PROVINCIAL PROFILES: GANDAKI PROVINCE SURVEILLANCE, POINT OF ENTRY AND RAPID RESPONSE COVID-19: How things stand in Nepal’s provinces and the epidemiological significance 1 of the coronavirus disease 1.1 BACKGROUND incidence/prevalence of the cases, both as aggregate reported numbers The provincial epidemiological profile and population denominations. In is meant to provide a snapshot of the addition, some insights over evolving COVID-19 situation in Nepal. The major patterns—such as changes in age at parameters in this profile narrative are risk and proportion of females in total depicted in accompanying graphics, cases—were also captured, as were which consist of panels of posters the trends of Test Positivity Rates and that highlight the case burden, trend, distribution of symptom production, as geographic distribution and person- well as cases with comorbidity. related risk factors. 1.4 MAJOR Information 1.2 METHODOLOGY OBSERVATIONS AND was The major data sets for the COVID-19 TRENDS supplemented situation updates have been Nepal had very few cases of by active CICT obtained from laboratories that laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 till teams and conduct PCR tests. -
From Mustang to Gorakhpur: the Central Himalayan Desakota Corridor
PART II F3 Case Study From Mustang to Gorakhpur: The Central Himalayan Desakota Corridor The report has four sections. The first section describes the general features of the study area and its socioeconomic base. The second section deals with the ecosystems and poverty along in the corridor. The third section discusses the ongoing desakota phenomenon. At the end of the report we present existing gaps in dealing with poverty and ecosystem services within climate change scenario in the desakota region and research questions. Regional Description The Mustang Gorakhapur corridor extends from the Tibetan Plateau to the Indo Gangetic plain of South Asia. The region varies in altitude of more than 7000 m to less than 100 m in a horizontal distance of less than 150 km. The corridor includes the western development region of Nepal and north Eastern Uttar Pradesh of India. It passes through major physiographic zones of South Asia: the trans Himalayan plateau, high Himalaya, the Midhills, the Chure, bhabar and the Tarai (map 1). The region is home of Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountain ranges separated by the Kali Gandaki gorge. The Kali Gandaki River flows between the two ranges forming the deepest gorge in the world. About two thirds of the upper part of the corridor falls in Nepal while a third (the lower part) is in Uttar Pradesh. In Nepal, the corridor encompasses a total of fifteen districts. The lower part of the region is northern east Uttar Pradesh and its five districts. The characteristic of the corridor is presented in Table 1. Map 1: Mustang-Gorakhpur Corridor . -
Analysis of Watersheds in Gandaki Province, Nepal Using QGIS
TECHNICAL JOURNAL Vol 1, No.1, July 2019 Nepal Engineers' Association, Gandaki Province ISSN : 2676-1416 (Print) Pp.: 16-28 Analysis of Watersheds in Gandaki Province, Nepal Using QGIS Keshav Basnet*, Er. Ram Chandra Paudel and Bikash Sherchan Infrastructure Engineering and Management Program Department of Civil and Geomatics Engineering Pashchimanchal Campus, Institute of Engineering Tribhuvan University, Nepal *Email: [email protected] Abstract Gandaki province has the good potentiality of hydro-electricity generation with existing twenty- nine hydro-electricity projects. Since the Province is rich in water resources, analysis of watersheds needs to be done for management, planning and identification of water as well as natural resources. GIS offers integration of spatial and no spatial data to understand and analyze the watershed processes and helps in drawing a plan for integrated watershed development and management. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) available on the NASA-Earth data has been taken as a primary data for morphometric analysis of watershed in Gandaki Province using QGIS. Delineation of watershed was conducted from a DEM by computing the flow direction and using it in the Watershed tool. Necessary fill sink correction was made before proceeding to delineation. A raster representing the direction of flow was created using Flow Direction tool to determine contributing area. Flow accumulation raster was created from flow direction raster using Flow Accumulation Tool. A point- based method has been used to delineate watershed for each selected point. The selected point may be an outlet, a gauge station or a dam. The annual rainfall data from ground meteorological stations has been used in QGIS to generate rainfall map for the study of rainfall pattern in the province and watersheds using IDW Interpolation method. -
Brief Analysis of Preliminary Results
Brief Analysis of Preliminary Results 1. Total number of establishments was 922,445 in Nepal. (Refer to Table 1 and Map 1.) The preliminary results of the National Economic Census 2018 (NEC2018) provide the current situation of establishments in Nepal in the recovery process after the huge earthquakes which occurred in April and May 2015. The figures were aggregated from the enumerator’s control forms (summary sheets) which were filled in by enumerators and checked by supervisors. Therefore, the preliminary results might slightly be different from the final results which are based on Form B and will be released around June 2019. There were 922,445 establishments in Nepal as of 14 April 2018 as the preliminary results of the NEC2018 implemented by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). The NEC2018 covered all areas in the country without exception and all establishments excluding the following establishments: non-registered establishments which belong to “Agriculture, forestry, and fishery” (Section A) of International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev. 4; and all those establishments which belong to “Public administration and defense; compulsory social security” (Section O), “Activities of household as employers” (Section T), and “Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies” (Section U) of ISIC. In addition, Mobile establishments were also excluded. These exclusions are in accordance with international common practices in economic censuses. (Refer to Outline and Appendix 2.) Nepal has 922,445 establishments and the number of establishments per 1,000 persons is 31.6 establishments. As compared with other countries, Japan has 5.8 millions and 45.4; Indonesia 26.7 millions and 104.6; Sri Lanka 1.0 million and 50.3; and Cambodia 0.5 million and 34.6; respectively. -
Indigenous and Local Climate Change Adaptation Practices in Nepal
CASE STUDY: 2 Government of Nepal Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Pilot Program for Climate Resilience Mainstreaming Climate Change Risk Management in Development ADB TA 7984: Indigenous Research INDIGENOUS AND LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PRACTICES IN NEPAL CASE STUDY CHAPTERS Introduction, objectives and methodology CASE STUDY I Understanding indigenous and local practices in water CASE STUDY II management for climate change adaptation in Nepal Understanding indigenous and local practices in forest and CASE STUDY III pasture management for climate change adaptation in Nepal Understanding indigenous and local practices in rural CASE STUDY IV transport infrastructure for climate change adaptation in Nepal Understanding indigenous and local practices in CASE STUDY V settlements and housing for climate change adaptation in Nepal Understanding indigenous and traditional social CASE STUDY VI institutions for climate change adaptation in Nepal ACRONYMS CASE STUDY ACAP Annapurna Conservation Area Programme ADB Asian Development Bank AGM Annual General Assembly AIPP Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact AIS Argali Irrigation System AMIS Agency Managed Irrigation System BLGIP Bhairawa Lumbini Ground Water Irrigation Project BLGWP Bhairahawa Lumbini Ground Water Project BTCB Baglung Type Chain Bridges BZMC Buffer Zone Management Council BZUG Buffer Zone User Groups CAPA Community Adaptation Programme of Action CBFM Community Based Forest Management CBNRM Community Based Natural Resource Management CBOs Community Based Organisations CBS