Classification and Evolutionary History in Cyperaceae
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UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA – IB SUZANA MARIA DOS SANTOS COSTA SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN CRYPTANGIEAE (CYPERACEAE) ESTUDOS FILOGENÉTICOS E SISTEMÁTICOS EM CRYPTANGIEAE CAMPINAS, SÃO PAULO 2018 SUZANA MARIA DOS SANTOS COSTA SYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN CRYPTANGIEAE (CYPERACEAE) ESTUDOS FILOGENÉTICOS E SISTEMÁTICOS EM CRYPTANGIEAE Thesis presented to the Institute of Biology of the University of Campinas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Plant Biology Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do Título de Doutora em Biologia Vegetal ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA TESE DEFENDIDA PELA ALUNA Suzana Maria dos Santos Costa E ORIENTADA PELA Profa. Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral (UNICAMP) E CO- ORIENTADA pelo Prof. William Wayt Thomas (NYBG). Orientadora: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral Co-Orientador: William Wayt Thomas CAMPINAS, SÃO PAULO 2018 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): CNPq, 142322/2015-6; CAPES Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Costa, Suzana Maria dos Santos, 1987- C823s CosSystematic studies in Cryptangieae (Cyperaceae) / Suzana Maria dos Santos Costa. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2018. CosOrientador: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral. CosCoorientador: William Wayt Thomas. CosTese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Cos1. Savanas. 2. Campinarana. 3. Campos rupestres. 4. Filogenia - Aspectos moleculares. 5. Cyperaceae. I. Amaral, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do, 1958-. II. Thomas, William Wayt, 1951-. III. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. IV. Título. -
Ecological Influences in the Biogeography of the Austral Sedges
ECOLOGICALINFLUENCESINTHEBIOGEOGRAPHYOFTHE AUSTRALSEDGES jan-adriaan viljoen Dissertation presented in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MSc in Botany Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Cape Town UniversityFebruary of2016 Cape Town The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Jan-Adriaan Viljoen. Ecological influences in the biogeography of the aus- tral sedges. MSc dissertation. University of Cape Town. Cape Town. February 2016. supervisors: A. Muthama Muasya G. Anthony Verboom ABSTRACT The biogeographic history of a species is a result of both stochastic processes such as dispersal and habitat filters that determine where a population with a given set of biological requirements can become es- tablished. In this dissertation, I examine the geographical and ecolog- ical distribution of the sedge tribe Schoeneae in conjunction with its inferred speciation history in order to determine the pattern of disper- sal and the environmental factors that have influenced establishment. The biogeographic reconstruction indicates numerous transoceanic dispersal events consistent with random diffusion from an Australian point of origin, but with a bias towards habitats with vegetation type and moisture regime similar to the ancestral conditions of the given subgroup (open and dry habitats in the majority of cases). The global distribution of the tribe also suggests a preference for low-nutrient soils, which I investigate at the local (microhabitat) scale by contrast- ing the distributions of the tribes Schoeneae and Cypereae on the Cape Peninsula along soil fertility axes. -
Arctic and Boreal Plant Species Decline at Their Southern Range Limits in the Rocky Mountains
Ecology Letters, (2017) 20: 166–174 doi: 10.1111/ele.12718 LETTER Arctic and boreal plant species decline at their southern range limits in the Rocky Mountains Abstract Peter Lesica1,2* and Climate change is predicted to cause a decline in warm-margin plant populations, but this hypoth- Elizabeth E. Crone3 esis has rarely been tested. Understanding which species and habitats are most likely to be affected is critical for adaptive management and conservation. We monitored the density of 46 populations representing 28 species of arctic-alpine or boreal plants at the southern margin of their ranges in the Rocky Mountains of Montana, USA, between 1988 and 2014 and analysed population trends and relationships to phylogeny and habitat. Marginal populations declined overall during the past two decades; however, the mean trend for 18 dicot populations was À5.8% per year, but only À0.4% per year for the 28 populations of monocots and pteridophytes. Declines in the size of peripheral populations did not differ significantly among tundra, fen and forest habitats. Results of our study support predicted effects of climate change and suggest that vulnerability may depend on phylogeny or associated anatomical/physiological attributes. Keywords arctic-alpine plants, boreal plants, climate change, fens, marginal populations, peripheral popula- tions, range margins, Rocky Mountains. Ecology Letters (2017) 20: 166–174 2009; Sexton et al. 2009; Brusca et al. 2013), which suggests INTRODUCTION that in some cases climate does not determine a species’ range. Climate of the earth is changing at an unprecedented rate Nonetheless, most plant ecologists believe that climate is an (Jackson & Overpeck 2000; IPCC 2013) and is predicted to important factor determining geographic range limits. -
History and Evolution of the Afroalpine Flora
Alpine Botany https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-021-00256-9 REVIEW History and evolution of the afroalpine fora: in the footsteps of Olov Hedberg Christian Brochmann1 · Abel Gizaw1 · Desalegn Chala1 · Martha Kandziora2 · Gerald Eilu3 · Magnus Popp1 · Michael D. Pirie4 · Berit Gehrke4 Received: 27 February 2021 / Accepted: 10 May 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract The monumental work of Olov Hedberg provided deep insights into the spectacular and fragmented tropical alpine fora of the African sky islands. Here we review recent molecular and niche modelling studies and re-examine Hedberg’s hypotheses and conclusions. Colonisation started when mountain uplift established the harsh diurnal climate with nightly frosts, acceler- ated throughout the last 5 Myr (Plio-Pleistocene), and resulted in a fora rich in local endemics. Recruitment was dominated by long-distance dispersals (LDDs) from seasonally cold, remote areas, mainly in Eurasia. Colonisation was only rarely followed by substantial diversifcation. Instead, most of the larger genera and even species colonised the afroalpine habitat multiple times independently. Conspicuous parallel evolution occurred among mountains, e.g., of gigantism in Lobelia and Dendrosenecio and dwarf shrubs in Alchemilla. Although the alpine habitat was ~ 8 times larger and the treeline was ~ 1000 m lower than today during the Last Glacial Maximum, genetic data suggest that the fora was shaped by strong intermountain isolation interrupted by rare LDDs rather than ecological connectivity. The new evidence points to a much younger and more dynamic island scenario than envisioned by Hedberg: the afroalpine fora is unsaturated and fragile, it was repeatedly disrupted by the Pleistocene climate oscillations, and it harbours taxonomic and genetic diversity that is unique but severely depauperated by frequent bottlenecks and cycles of colonisation, extinction, and recolonisation. -
Flora and Fauna
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Volume 2 Technical Papers MUNMORAH GAS TURBINE FACILITY MUNMORAH POWER STATION.indd 3 21/12/05 2:27:29 PM Contents Technical Papers (Volume 2) Technical Paper No.1 Flora and Fauna Assessment Technical Paper No.2 Heritage Assessment Technical Paper No.3 Noise Assessment Technical Paper No.4 Air Quality Impact Assessment Technical Paper No 5 Photochemical Pollution Assessment Technical Paper No 6 Preliminary Hazard Analysis FLORA AND FAUNA ASSESSMENT TECHNICAL PAPER DIVIDERS.indd 30 121/12/05 3:44:33 PM Technical Paper 1 Flora and Fauna Assessment of Munmorah Gas Turbine Facility December 2005 Delta Electricity Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia Pty Limited ACN 078 004 798 and Parsons Brinckerhoff International (Australia) Pty Limited ACN 006 475 056 trading as Parsons Brinckerhoff ABN 84 797 323 433 Level 27 Ernst & Young Centre 680 George Street Sydney NSW 2000 GPO Box 5394 Australia Telephone +61 2 9272 5100 Facsimile +61 2 9272 5101 Email [email protected] ABN 84 797 323 433 NCSI Certified Quality System ISO 9001 2116541A Parsons Brinckerhoff supports the Environment by PR_2467.doc printing on 100per cent A4 recycled paper ©Parsons Brinckerhoff Australia Pty Limited and Parsons Brinckerhoff International (Australia) Pty Limited trading as Parsons Brinckerhoff (“PB”). [2005] Copyright in the drawings, information and data recorded in this document (“the information”) is the property of PB. This document and the information are solely for the use of the authorised recipient and this document may not be used, copied or reproduced in whole or part for any purpose other than that for which it was supplied by PB. -
Evaluating the Conservation Significance of Basin
Evaluating the conservation significance of basin wetlands within the Avon Natural Resource Management region: Stage Three Assessment Method Susan Jones, Adrian Pinder, Lien Sim and Stuart Halse MAY 2009 1 2 Evaluating the conservation significance of basin wetlands within the Avon Natural Resource Management region: Stage Three Assessment Method May 2009 Prepared by Science Division Department of Environment and Conservation 3 4 Executive summary: Evaluating the conservation significance of basin wetlands within the Avon Natural Resource Management region: Stage Three Assessment Method . Introduction This publication describes a wetland evaluation and classification methodology for use at the individual wetland scale in the Avon Natural Resource Management (NRM) region. A trial of this method at two example wetlands in each biological wetland type is presented in section 6. Table 1 - Form of wetland inventory Form of wetland inventory Methodology Application Identification Delineation Classification √√√ Evaluation √√√ Publication details This methodology has been developed by the Science Division, Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC), Western Australia. The report was written by Susan Jones, Adrian Pinder, Lien Sim and Stuart Halse (DEC). The authors of this document would like to acknowledge the following people for their important contributions: • Members of the Wetland Status Working Group and Wetlands Coordinating Committee • John Lizamore, Danielle Halliday, Cara Francis, Margaret Collins, Anna Leung, Kirsty Quinlan -
Addis Ababa University Science Faculty School of Graduate Studies Department of Environmental Science Zoology Module
ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCIENCE FACULTY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE ZOOLOGY MODULE AN INVESTIGATION OF AMPHIBIAN DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN HARENNA FOREST, BALE MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK, ETHIOPIA A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Environmental Science By Roman Kassahun Advisors: Professor Samy A.Saber, A.A.U. Ethiopia Dr. Simon Loader, Institute of Biogeography, Basel, Switzerland July, 2009 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES An investigation of Amphibian diversity and abundance in relation to environmental change in Harenna Forest, Bale Mountains National Park. By Roman Kassahun A Thesis presented to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Environmental Science Approved by Examining Board: _______________________ _____________ _____________________________ ________________ _____________________________ ________________ ______________________________ ________________ Acknowledgement I owe my sincere gratitude to my adviser Prof Samy A. Saber for his advice and encouragement prior to the start of research work and for his enormously consistent and valuable guidance and advice without which this research project would not have been realized. I am also grateful to my Co-advisor Dr. Simon Loader from the University of Basel, for the logistical support and great help during the wet season of the project, for his guidance in the identifications of the specimens and for giving me this opportunity in the first place. My gratitude also goes to the Ethiopian Wild Life Conservation Authority (EWCA) for allowing me to pursue the M.S.C. -
Literaturverzeichnis
Literaturverzeichnis Abaimov, A.P., 2010: Geographical Distribution and Ackerly, D.D., 2009: Evolution, origin and age of Genetics of Siberian Larch Species. In Osawa, A., line ages in the Californian and Mediterranean flo- Zyryanova, O.A., Matsuura, Y., Kajimoto, T. & ras. Journal of Biogeography 36, 1221–1233. Wein, R.W. (eds.), Permafrost Ecosystems. Sibe- Acocks, J.P.H., 1988: Veld Types of South Africa. 3rd rian Larch Forests. Ecological Studies 209, 41–58. Edition. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, Abbadie, L., Gignoux, J., Le Roux, X. & Lepage, M. 146 pp. (eds.), 2006: Lamto. Structure, Functioning, and Adam, P., 1990: Saltmarsh Ecology. Cambridge Uni- Dynamics of a Savanna Ecosystem. Ecological Stu- versity Press. Cambridge, 461 pp. dies 179, 415 pp. Adam, P., 1994: Australian Rainforests. Oxford Bio- Abbott, R.J. & Brochmann, C., 2003: History and geography Series No. 6 (Oxford University Press), evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric 308 pp. Hultén. Molecular Ecology 12, 299–313. Adam, P., 1994: Saltmarsh and mangrove. In Groves, Abbott, R.J. & Comes, H.P., 2004: Evolution in the R.H. (ed.), Australian Vegetation. 2nd Edition. Arctic: a phylogeographic analysis of the circu- Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, pp. marctic plant Saxifraga oppositifolia (Purple Saxi- 395–435. frage). New Phytologist 161, 211–224. Adame, M.F., Neil, D., Wright, S.F. & Lovelock, C.E., Abbott, R.J., Chapman, H.M., Crawford, R.M.M. & 2010: Sedimentation within and among mangrove Forbes, D.G., 1995: Molecular diversity and deri- forests along a gradient of geomorphological set- vations of populations of Silene acaulis and Saxi- tings. -
Cyperaceae of Alberta
AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE CYPERACEAE OF ALBERTA Compiled and writen by Linda Kershaw and Lorna Allen April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using information primarily from and the Flora North America Association (2008), Douglas et al. (1998), and Packer and Gould (2017). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015). The main references are listed at the end of the key. Please try the key this summer and let us know if there are ways in which it can be improved. Over the winter, we hope to add illustrations for most of the entries. The 2015 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2015) are noted in superscript ( S1; S2;SU) after the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. Similarly, exotic species are followed by a superscript X, XX if noxious and XXX if prohibited noxious (X; XX; XXX) according to the Alberta Weed Control Act (2016). CYPERACEAE SedgeFamily Key to Genera 1b 01a Flowers either ♂ or ♀; ovaries/achenes enclosed in a sac-like or scale-like structure 1a (perigynium) .....................Carex 01b Flowers with both ♂ and ♀ parts (sometimes some either ♂ or ♀); ovaries/achenes not in a perigynium .........................02 02a Spikelets somewhat fattened, with keeled scales in 2 vertical rows, grouped in ± umbrella- shaped clusters; fower bristles (perianth) 2a absent ....................... Cyperus 02b Spikelets round to cylindrical, with scales 2b spirally attached, variously arranged; fower bristles usually present . 03 03a Achenes tipped with a rounded protuberance (enlarged style-base; tubercle) . 04 03b Achenes without a tubercle (achenes 3a 3b often beaked, but without an enlarged protuberence) .......................05 04a Spikelets single; stems leafess . -
The 1770 Landscape of Botany Bay, the Plants Collected by Banks and Solander and Rehabilitation of Natural Vegetation at Kurnell
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main Backdrop to encounter: the 1770 landscape of Botany Bay, the plants collected by Banks and Solander and rehabilitation of natural vegetation at Kurnell Doug Benson1 and Georgina Eldershaw2 1Botanic Gardens Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd Sydney 2000 AUSTRALIA email [email protected] 2Parks & Wildlife Division, Dept of Environment and Conservation (NSW), PO Box 375 Kurnell NSW 2231 AUSTRALIA email [email protected] Abstract: The first scientific observations on the flora of eastern Australia were made at Botany Bay in April–May 1770. We discuss the landscapes of Botany Bay and particularly of the historic landing place at Kurnell (lat 34˚ 00’ S, long 151˚ 13’ E) (about 16 km south of central Sydney), as described in the journals of Lieutenant James Cook and Joseph Banks on the Endeavour voyage in 1770. We list 132 plant species that were collected at Botany Bay by Banks and Daniel Solander, the first scientific collections of Australian flora. The list is based on a critical assessment of unpublished lists compiled by authors who had access to the collection of the British Museum (now Natural History Museum), together with species from material at National Herbarium of New South Wales that has not been previously available. The list includes Bidens pilosa which has been previously regarded as an introduced species. In 1770 the Europeans set foot on Aboriginal land of the Dharawal people. Since that time the landscape has been altered in response to a succession of different land-uses; farming and grazing, commemorative tree planting, parkland planting, and pleasure ground and tourist visitation. -
Ecology of Pyrmont Peninsula 1788 - 2008
Transformations: Ecology of Pyrmont peninsula 1788 - 2008 John Broadbent Transformations: Ecology of Pyrmont peninsula 1788 - 2008 John Broadbent Sydney, 2010. Ecology of Pyrmont peninsula iii Executive summary City Council’s ‘Sustainable Sydney 2030’ initiative ‘is a vision for the sustainable development of the City for the next 20 years and beyond’. It has a largely anthropocentric basis, that is ‘viewing and interpreting everything in terms of human experience and values’(Macquarie Dictionary, 2005). The perspective taken here is that Council’s initiative, vital though it is, should be underpinned by an ecocentric ethic to succeed. This latter was defined by Aldo Leopold in 1949, 60 years ago, as ‘a philosophy that recognizes[sic] that the ecosphere, rather than any individual organism[notably humans] is the source and support of all life and as such advises a holistic and eco-centric approach to government, industry, and individual’(http://dictionary.babylon.com). Some relevant considerations are set out in Part 1: General Introduction. In this report, Pyrmont peninsula - that is the communities of Pyrmont and Ultimo – is considered as a microcosm of the City of Sydney, indeed of urban areas globally. An extensive series of early views of the peninsula are presented to help the reader better visualise this place as it was early in European settlement (Part 2: Early views of Pyrmont peninsula). The physical geography of Pyrmont peninsula has been transformed since European settlement, and Part 3: Physical geography of Pyrmont peninsula describes the geology, soils, topography, shoreline and drainage as they would most likely have appeared to the first Europeans to set foot there. -
Shrub Tundras Finland Sweden O 0 Iceland B1
Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Barrens Prostrate-shrub tundras Finland Sweden o 0 Iceland B1. Cryptogam, P1. Prostrate dwarf- herb barren shrub, herb tundra Dry to wet barren Dry tundra with patchy landscapes with very B1 vegetation. Prostrate P1 sparse, very low-growing North Atlantic Ocean shrubs < 5 cm tall (such as plant cover. Scattered Dryas and Salix arctica) herbs, lichens, mosses, and are dominant, with liverworts. Subzone A and B, Norway graminoids and forbs. some C at higher elevations. Lichens are also common. Eskimonaesset, North Greenland, C. Bay Bunde Fjord, Axel Heiberg Island, Canada. D.A. Walker Bunde Fjord, 45 o Subzones B and C. o W Russia E 45 B2. Cryptogam barren P2. Prostrate/ complex (bedrock) Hemiprostrate Areas of exposed rock and dwarf-shrub tundra lichens interspersed with B2 Moist to dry tundra lakes and more vegetated P2 dominated by prostrate areas, as found on the and hemiprostrate shrubs Canadian Shield. Subzones Barents Pechora R. Greenland < 15 cm tall, particularly C and D. Sea Canada Cassiope. Subzone C. Daring Lake vicinity, Canada. D.A. Walker Daring Lake vicinity, Svalbard Zackenberg, East Greenland, H.H. Christiansen Baffi n B3. Noncarbonate Island B3a mountain complex B3b Mountain vegetation on Erect-shrub tundras Ob R. noncarbonate bedrock. The S1. Erect dwarf- B3c variety and size of plants decrease with elevation and shrub tundra B3d latitude. Hatching color and Tundra dominated by erect code indicate the bioclimate dwarf-shrubs, mostly < 40 Novaya S1 B3e subzone at the mountain cm tall. Subzone D. base. B3a through B3e Daniëls Qingertivaq Fjord, SE Greenland. F.J.A.