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Japan's Roadmap for Technology and Human Resources for LWR Safety

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Japan's Roadmap for Technology and Human Resources for LWR Safety Japan’s Roadmap for Technology and Human Resources for LWR Safety Nuclear Energy Policy Planning Division Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) July 7, 2015 1. Promotion of Strategic Development of Technologies and Human Resources ＜Description in the Strategic Energy Plan of Japan＞ Decided by the Cabinet in April, 2014 1. Maintaining and developing high-level nuclear technologies and human resources is imperative for smoothly decommissioning aged nuclear power plants, which are expected to increase in the future, as well as TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants. 2. Because enhancing the nuclear safety in surrounding countries ensures the safety of Japan, maintaining and developing high-level nuclear technologies and human resources which enable Japan contribute to their safety enhancement is essential. 3. GOJ promotes the development of technologies that contribute to safety improvement of LWRs including countermeasures against severe accidents and enhance their reliability and efficiency in order to reduce risks in case of an accident. 4. Under international cooperation, GOJ also facilitates R&D of nuclear technologies that serves the safety improvement of nuclear use, such as high- temperature gas-cooled reactors which are expected to be utilized in various industries including hydrogen production and which has an inherent safety. 2 1-1. The Roadmap for Technology and Human Resources for LWR Safety Published on June 16, 2015 In response to a request from the Nuclear Power Subcommittee, the Working Group presented issues from the public perspective, while the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ) called upon their expertise to work out solutions and the draft of a roadmap. The roadmap for technology and human resources for LWR safety was formulated by bouncing ideas off each other. The objectives of this roadmap are to clarify roles among relevant personnel in academic societies, government agencies, electric utilities, manufacturers, and research institutes, and to serve as a common framework for implementing nationwide activities that will lead to improved safety of LWRs without overlapping efforts. This roadmap targets technologies that contribute to safety enhancements for LWRs, including the smooth and safe decommissioning of NPSs. (Note that technologies related to the disposal of radioactive waste that are the subject of the master plan for basic R&D on geological disposal (the R&D map) and technologies related to the decommissioning of TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi NPS are to be included in another roadmap that will be transparent to the public, and hence are not covered in this roadmap.) This roadmap will be reviewed at least once a year. <Structure for formulating the roadmap> Requests formulation of General public/local site the roadmap compatible community Share details of the formulation with scenarios depicted in Confirm process in a transparent manner the Strategic Energy Plan Share Working Group on Present issues from public perspective AESJ Nuclear Energy Voluntary Improvement of Researchers and engineers Subcommittee Safety, Technology and involved in LWR safety Human Resource Present solutions and roadmap draft participate in planning as individuals 3 Method of Evaluating the Priority of Issues based on Their Importance Eight evaluators selected from industry and academia rate each issue using an evaluation axis having two criteria: (A) effectiveness in enhancing LWR safety and (B) importance to the maintenance and development of technology and human resources for contributing to LWR safety enhancements. The evaluators rate each issue according to three levels of importance: ◎ (very important), ○ (important), △ (less important). The evaluation axis is examined as part of the rolling process implemented by the AESJ in order to review evaluation items having overlap, to simplify expressions, and to review the rating method. Draw up the roadmap overview with issues arranged along a time axis based on their resolution timelines. Draw up the issue survey for issues that categorize each activity of technological and human resource development required for resolving issues in the roadmap overview into suitable groups. The issue survey includes a summary of the issues, a list of activities, the basis for adopting the issue, an analysis of the present condition, the anticipated effects, correlations with other issues, the process of implementation, and implementing and funding entities. Each issue is sorted into eight groups suggested by the Working Group in accordance with the anticipated effects of their resolution. Any issue that has not been adequately defined or for which the stakeholders are not clear is not included in the roadmap. <evaluation axis> Each issue is given a rating of 0 to 6 points based on the two criteria (A) and (B) (with two points being allocated for each of (1)–(3)). The priority of an issue is set based on the importance of issues determined from their ratings. (B) Importance to maintenance and development of technology and human resources (A) Effectiveness in improvement of LWR safety to improve LWR safety (Identify issues that are predicted to have effective outcomes) (Identify issues that contribute to mid/long-term nuclear safety and needs of future generations) (1) Will contribute greatly to resolving issues revealed from the TEPCO’s (1) May serve as a basic infrastructure shared by many nuclear power entities Fukushima Daiichi NPS accident (2) Its resolution will be relatively effective in reducing risk (2) May lead to a worldwide breakthrough in the field of LWR safety (3) May lead to the acquisition and cultivation of young human resources (3) Is relatively cost-effective through the discussions on unprecedented challenges Note: (A) and (B) of the evaluation axis rate the importance of each issue from a short-term and a mid/long- Formulate the roadmap with priorities assigned to issues term perspective, respectively. 4 Conceptual image of the coverage of the roadmap ① Advancement of utilization of risk information for existing light water reactors, etc. General public/ International local site community society ⑥Countermeasures for nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security ⑦Development of innovative technologies applicable to light water Communication reactors, which are beyond conventional ideas with society Off site Continuous revising ④ Measures for minimizing off-site damage in the event ～2020 ～2030 ～2050 of an accident incorporating international findings. technologies and human resources for LWR safety while framework capable continually of maintaining and developing based on scientific basis and knowledge and construct to a To firmly establish independent efforts for enhancing safety source the in energy supply power used is appropriately as an important base for ensuring safety while reducing residual risk so that nuclear for safety enhancements and make to steady investments needed public confidence the in framework and independent activities To establish an international collaborative system based on technology technology and human resources. provide contributions to the international community both in energy supply and measures against global warming and to power so that nuclear power plays a stable role the in sustainable Tofurther reduce the demerits and enhance the merits of nuclear Defense in depth in Defense On site ③ Measures for preventing on-site damage from expanding in the event of an accident - In plant ②Reduction of accident ⑤Safe and decommissioning risk of existing light - demand structure. water reactors, etc. of existing reactors 2次系減圧弁 主蒸 大気 気安 全弁 蒸気発生器 非常用冷却ユニット 高性能 蓄圧タンク 制御棒 補助給水系 - 低圧注入 load power ポンプ RWSP RWSP ⑧ Maintenance and development of human resources required for safe and continuous use of light water reactors 5 Roadmap for “①Advancement of utilization of information on risks of existing light water reactors, etc.” Stage1 Stage2 Stage3 Considering 1F accident to voluntarily reset safety targets Continuously executing studies to obtain information on risks related to safety targets (S101M101L102_z01 , S103M102L101_b01) (S101M101L102_z01 ) 4.71,4.43 ◎ 4.71,4.43 ◎ 3.86, 3.71 ○ Advancing analysis methods and utilizing latest technologies to refine information on risks of earthquakes and tsunami (S106_c04, S106_c05) 4.75,4.50 ◎ 4.63, 4.30 ◎ Based on latest knowledge and technologies, continuously Internationally sharing risk information in which Grasping all risks of natural disasters and accidents other than grasping and refining all risks including those due to large-scale uncertainty is limited and methods of utilization thereof earthquakes and tsunami and reviewing importance of measures natural disasters (M104L103_c06, S103M102L101_b01) (M104L103_c06, S103M102L101_b01) (S106_c03) 4.43, 4.57 ◎ Grasping various risks variousGrasping Preparing methods and data to grasp risk information (S111_d13) ◎ ○ ◎ ○ 4.86,3.86 ○ 4.71,4.29 3.86, 3.71 4.71,4.29 3.86, 3.71 Introduction and development of equipment utilizing information on Continuously taking actions to utilize effective risk risks due to large-scale natural disasters reduction measures for designing and to design (S110_c10) 3.88,3.25 ○ Continuously developing equipment that effectively reduces risks including large-scale natural disasters that very rarely occur, and world-standard nuclear plants in which risks are utilizing the knowledge for designing minimized(S111M107L103_d42 ,S111M107L104_d (S111M107L103_d42) Hardware
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