THE WONDERS in the SPESSART by Karl Immermann [This Tale
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Welcome to Burg Kronberg Im Taunus!
Welcome to Burg Kronberg im Taunus! History of Kronberg Castle The history of Kronberg castle and its grounds begins at the end of the 12th century, when the Holy Roman Emperor ordered the knights of Eschborn to build a castle on a rocky outcrop on the southern slopes of the Taunus. The first documentary reference to the knights as the Lords of Kronberg was in 1230. A visitor to this castle complex, which with its 18,000m2 is one of the most extensive in Germany, will get a clear idea of what life used to be like at the castle. It was an economic entity with lords and their underlings and cattle, and stables, barns, a blacksmith and a bakery and a manure heap. The harvest was stored in the attic of the middle castle. At the beginning of the 19th century the economic conditions changed. Castles were now something to admire and visit. They were no longer lived in by the families who had built them. Kronberg castle comprises three castles from three eras: The Romanesque upper castle with its keep is the oldest part of the castle (circa 1170-1200). The lower castle, which has now almost disappeared from view, was built at the start of the 14th century. The middle castle has two buildings at right angles to each other and was built in the 14th and 15th century and marks the transition from a defensive to a residential castle. There have been many alterations, renovations and extensions to the castle over the centuries. However, the ground plan of the castle has remained largely unchanged since the Middle Ages. -
Late Cretaceous to Paleogene Exhumation in Central Europe – Localized Inversion Vs
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2020-183 Preprint. Discussion started: 11 November 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Late Cretaceous to Paleogene exhumation in Central Europe – localized inversion vs. large-scale domal uplift Hilmar von Eynatten1, Jonas Kley2, István Dunkl1, Veit-Enno Hoffmann1, Annemarie Simon1 1University of Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, 5 Goldschmidtstrasse 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany 2University of Göttingen, Geoscience Center, Department of Structural Geology and Geodynamics, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany Correspondence to: Hilmar von Eynatten ([email protected]) Abstract. Large parts of Central Europe have experienced exhumation in Late Cretaceous to Paleogene time. Previous 10 studies mainly focused on thrusted basement uplifts to unravel magnitude, processes and timing of exhumation. This study provides, for the first time, a comprehensive thermochronological dataset from mostly Permo-Triassic strata exposed adjacent to and between the basement uplifts in central Germany, comprising an area of at least some 250-300 km across. Results of apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He analyses on >100 new samples reveal that (i) km-scale exhumation affected the entire region, (ii) thrusting of basement blocks like the Harz Mountains and the Thuringian Forest focused in the Late 15 Cretaceous (about 90-70 Ma) while superimposed domal uplift of central Germany is slightly younger (about 75-55 Ma), and (iii) large parts of the domal uplift experienced removal of 3 to 4 km of Mesozoic strata. Using spatial extent, magnitude and timing as constraints suggests that thrusting and crustal thickening alone can account for no more than half of the domal uplift. -
Plantations Achieved J a N 2 0 1 4 – M a R C H 2 0 1 5
BERGWALD PROJECT, GERMANY A p r i l 2 0 1 5 1 SUMMARY Restoring the value of German mountain forests TYPE Sustainable forest management LOCAL PARTNER Bergwaldprojekt Association PARTICIPANTS Volunteers from all over Germany MAIN THEMES - Encourage forest transformation to a more natural form - Preserve the protective function of high mountain forests - Enhance local timber production - Raise awareness on the ecosystemic services provided by forests for the German population MAIN SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS STATUS APRIL 2015 24,870 trees planted OBJECTIVES Plantation of 50,000 trees by 2016 2 2 BERGWALD PROJECT, GERMANY PROJECT DESIGN PLANTATIONS ACHIEVED J A N 2 0 1 4 – M A R C H 2 0 1 5 MONITORING & NEXT STEPS P I C T U R E S 3 3 LOCATION Damaged low and high mountain forests in Germany 5 planting sites have been identified for the project. They are located in forests in low and high mountain regions of Germany, where forest regeneration and conservation are particularly at stake. S p e s s a r t F o r e s t Ore Mountains ( E i b e n s t o c k ) Palatinate Forest ( Hinterweidenthal ) Black Forest ( B a d e n - B a d e n ) Bavarian Alps ( B a d T ö l z , S c h l i e r s e e ) 4 4 CONTEXT Instable monoculture forests w i t h p o o r biodiversity INTENSIVE FOREST USE IN 18th AND 19th 70% of German forests suffered from deforestation during the industrial revolution due to the massive use of wood for the mining, quarrying, charcoal and glass industries. -
The Iron-Ore Resources of Europe
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALBERT B. FALL, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 706 THE IRON-ORE RESOURCES OF EUROPE BY MAX ROESLER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1921 CONTENTS. Page. Preface, by J. B. Umpleby................................................. 9 Introduction.............................................................. 11 Object and scope of report............................................. 11 Limitations of the work............................................... 11 Definitions.........................:................................. 12 Geology of iron-ore deposits............................................ 13 The utilization of iron ores............................................ 15 Acknowledgments...................................................... 16 Summary................................................................ 17 Geographic distribution of iron-ore deposits within the countries of new E urope............................................................. 17 Geologic distribution................................................... 22 Production and consumption.......................................... 25 Comparison of continents.............................................. 29 Spain..................................................................... 31 Distribution, character, and extent of the deposits....................... 31 Cantabrian Cordillera............................................. 31 The Pyrenees.................................................... -
The Project Gutenberg Ebook of a History of the Reformation (Vol. 1 of 2) by Thomas M
The Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of the Reformation (Vol. 1 of 2) by Thomas M. Lindsay This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: A History of the Reformation (Vol. 1 of 2) Author: Thomas M. Lindsay Release Date: August 29, 2012 [Ebook 40615] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION (VOL. 1 OF 2)*** International Theological Library A History of The Reformation By Thomas M. Lindsay, M.A., D.D. Principal, The United Free Church College, Glasgow In Two Volumes Volume I The Reformation in Germany From Its Beginning to the Religious Peace of Augsburg Edinburgh T. & T. Clark 1906 Contents Series Advertisement. 2 Dedication. 6 Preface. 7 Book I. On The Eve Of The Reformation. 11 Chapter I. The Papacy. 11 § 1. Claim to Universal Supremacy. 11 § 2. The Temporal Supremacy. 16 § 3. The Spiritual Supremacy. 18 Chapter II. The Political Situation. 29 § 1. The small extent of Christendom. 29 § 2. Consolidation. 30 § 3. England. 31 § 4. France. 33 § 5. Spain. 37 § 6. Germany and Italy. 41 § 7. Italy. 43 § 8. Germany. 46 Chapter III. The Renaissance. 53 § 1. The Transition from the Mediæval to the Modern World. 53 § 2. The Revival of Literature and Art. 56 § 3. Its earlier relation to Christianity. 59 § 4. The Brethren of the Common Lot. -
"Nature`S Jewels"
NATURA 2000 IN GERMANY Nature´s jewels IMPRESSUM Titelbild Verzeichnis der Autoren Wildkatze im Buchenwald (Fotos: A. Hoffmann, Th. Stephan) · Balzer, Sandra (Bundesamt für Naturschutz), Kap. 14 Collage: cognitio · Beinlich, Burkhard (Bioplan Höxter / Marburg), Kap. 6, 7, 13 · Bernotat, Dirk (Bundesamt für Naturschutz), Kap. 10 Redaktion · Dieterich, Martin (ILN Singen), Kap. 8, 12, 13 · Axel Ssymank, Sandra Balzer, Bundesamt für Naturschutz, · Engels, Barbara (Bundesamt für Naturschutz), Kap. 15 Fachgebiet I.2.2 „FFH-Richtlinie und Natura 2000“ · Hill, Benjamin (Bioplan Höxter / Marburg), Kap. 6, 7, 15 · Christa Ratte, BMU, Ref. NI2 „Gebietsschutz“ · Janke, Klaus (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Behörde für Stadt- · Martin Dieterich, Christina Drebitz, ILN Singen entwicklung und Umwelt, Referatsleitung Europäischer Naturschutz · Burkhard Beinlich, Benjamin Hill, Bioplan Höxter / Marburg & Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer), Kap. 5 · Köhler, Ralf (Landesumweltamt Brandenburg), Kap. 8 Bildredaktion · Krause, Jochen (Bundesamt für Naturschutz), Kap. 9 Frank Grawe, Landschaftsstation im Kreis Höxter · Ssymank, Axel (Bundesamt für Naturschutz), Kap. 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 12 Christina Drebitz, ILN Singen · Wollny-Goerke, Katrin, Kap. 9 Die Erstellung der Broschüre erfolgte im Rahmen eines F + E Vorhabens Glossar „Natura 2000 in Deutschland, Präsentation des Schutzgebietsnetzes · Beulhausen, Friederike; Balzer, Sandra; Ssymank, Axel (Bundesamt für die Öffentlichkeit“ (FKZ 806 82 280) mit Fördermitteln des Bundes für Naturschutz) und unter Beteiligung -
(Quercus Robur, Q. Petraea) Regeneration
Mölder et al. Forest Ecosystems (2019) 6:49 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-019-0206-y RESEARCH Open Access Success factors for high-quality oak forest (Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration Andreas Mölder1* , Holger Sennhenn-Reulen1, Christoph Fischer1, Hendrik Rumpf2, Egbert Schönfelder1, Johannes Stockmann1 and Ralf-Volker Nagel1 Abstract Background: Within the framework of close-to-nature forestry, oak forest (Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration techniques that consider both silvicultural and nature conservation demands have become a very important issue. While there are many experimental and local studies that aim at disentangling the relationships between different environmental and silvicultural factors and the success of oak regeneration, systematic supra-regional studies at the greater landscape level are missing so far. Against this background, the first objective (a) of this study was to present an efficient and sufficiently accurate sampling scheme for supra-regional forest regrowth inventories, which we applied to young oaks stands. The second, and major, objective (b) was to identify the crucial success factors for high-quality oak forest regeneration in northwest Germany. Results: Objective (a): Factors that have been identified as potentially crucial for the success or failure of oak regeneration were either included in a field inventory procedure or extracted from forest inventory databases. We found that the collected data were suitable to be analyzed in a three-step success model, which was aimed at identifying the crucial success factors for high-quality oak forest regeneration. Objective (b): Our modeling procedure, which included a Bayesian estimation approach with spike-and-slab priors, revealed that competitive pressure from the secondary tree species was the most decisive success factor; no competition, or low competition by secondary tree species appeared to be particularly beneficial for the success of high-quality oak regeneration. -
Forest Edges in the Mixed-Montane Zone of the Bavarian Forest National Park – Hot Spots of Biodiversity
Silva Gabreta vol. 13 (2) p. 121–148 Vimperk, 2007 Forest edges in the mixed-montane zone of the Bavarian Forest National Park – hot spots of biodiversity Jörg Müller1,*, Heinz Bußler2, Martin Goßner3, Axel Gruppe4, Andrea Jarzabek- Müller1, Manuel Preis1 & Thomas Rettelbach5 1Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Strasse 2, D-94481 Grafenau, Germany 2Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft, Am Hochanger 13, D-85354 Freising, Germany 3Schussenstrasse 12, D-88273 Fronreute, Germany 4Department of Animal Ecology, Technical University Munich, Am Hochanger 13, D-85354 Freising, Germany 5Fritzenanger 9, D-83362 Surberg, Germany *[email protected] Abstract Using 60 flight interception traps we investigated twelve different forest edges in the National Park Bava- rian Forest. Half of the forest edges studied were created by bark beetle attacks (interior edges), the others result from clearance for farming by humans. At each forest edge, five traps were installed as follows: one trap was placed in the open area 50–80 m distant from the forest edge, two traps at the edge (one at ground level, one in the canopy), and two traps in the forest interior 70–100 m away from the edge (one at ground level, one in the canopy). We caught and determined 10,966 specimens representing 421 insect species: 240 beetles, 96 true bugs, 65 Aculeata, and 20 lacewings. The highest number of species was found in the open spaces and at the edges. Bark beetle gaps are shown as hot spots of insect biodiversity. Key words: interior forest edge, exterior forest edge, biodiversity, flight interception traps, bark beetles. -
Train Sim World®: Main-Spessart Bahn Driver’S Manual
TRAIN SIM WORLD®: MAIN-SPESSART BAHN DRIVER’S MANUAL 1 © 2018 Dovetail Games, a trading name of RailSimulator.com Limited (“DTG”). All rights reserved. "Dovetail Games" is a trademark or registered trademark of Dovetail Games Limited. “Train Sim World” and “SimuGraph” are trademarks or registered trademarks of DTG. Unreal® Engine, © 1998-2018, Epic Games, Inc. All rights reserved. Unreal® is a registered trademark of Epic Games. Portions of this software utilise SpeedTree® technology (© 2014 Interactive Data Visualization, Inc.). SpeedTree® is a registered trademark of Interactive Data Visualization, Inc. All rights reserved. The DB logo is a registered trademark of Deutsche Bahn AG. All other copyrights or trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Unauthorised copying, adaptation, rental, re-sale, arcade use, charging for use, broadcast, cable transmission, public performance, distribution or extraction of the product or any trademark or copyright work that forms part of this product is prohibited. Developed and published by DTG. The full credit list can be accessed from the TSW “Options” menu. 2 Contents Topic Page 1. An Introduction to the Main-Spessart Railway ....................................................... 4 2. Main-Spessart Bahn Route Map & Key Locations ................................................. 5 3. The Game Modes: Tutorials, Scenarios & Services .............................................. 6 4. An Introduction to the DB BR 185.2 Electric Locomotive ....................................... 7 5. Quick Start Guide: DB BR 185.2 ............................................................................ 7 6. An Introduction to the DB BR 146.2 Electric Locomotive ....................................... 8 7. Quick Start Guide: DB BR 146.2 ............................................................................ 8 8. Quick Start Guide: DB BR 766.2 DBpbzfa Control Car .......................................... 9 9. Setting a Destination in the DB BR 146.2 & DB BR 766.2 Control Car .................10 10. -
Taunus Wetterau Spessart Odenwald Rheingau
ergerman Ob isch -Raetisc her 5 Lim e s Weilburg a r d tte id W We N Hadamar eil Region 3 FrankfurtRheinMain Butzbach 45 Region Gedern FrankfurtRhineMain Bad Salzhausen Nidda 7 Runkel Limburg 66 Diez/Lahn Bad Nauheim Ortenberg Birstein Schlüchtern Friedberg n TAUNUS Usingen r 18 g h e zi La d in Region d K i Glauburg Steinau a. d. Straße Neu-Anspach WETTERAU N FrankfurtRheinMain Bad Camberg Büdingen Ob Niddatal Bad Soden-Salmünster www.frankfurt-rhein-main.de er 3 ge Schmitten Limeshain #visitrhinemain rm an Friedrichsdorf Wächtersbach sa Region is Jos ch 5 -R 2 FrankfurtRhineMain ae Karben Ronneburg Bad Orb t Bad Homburg v. d. Höhe Nidderau RHEIN-MAIN-VERKEHRSVERBUND (RMV) isc Idstein 15 RMV-Service-Telefon: +49 (0) 69 / 24 24 80 24 h S www.rmv.de e i r n L Gelnhausen facebook: /RMVdialog im Oberursel (Taunus) n e Hohenstein 17 Bruchköbel Langensel- s Königstein i. Taunus 661 Bad Vilbel Jossgrund bold Linsengericht Kronberg i. Taunus Erlensee Eppstein 66 Maintal Hasselroth FRAPORT AG FRANKFURT AIRPORT SERVICES Bad Schwalbach Taunusstein Eschborn WORLDWIDE 5 Hanau Tel.: +49 (0) 180 / 63 72 46 36 Bad Soden Freigericht E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Flörsbachtal www.frankfurt-airport.de a. Taunus Frankfurt am Main 45 Schlangenbad Main WIESBADEN Hofheim Neu- Oenbach Alzenau IHK FRANKFURT AM MAIN 11 Tel.: +49 (0) 69 / 21 97 12 80 19 8 Isenburg [email protected] RHEINGAU 3 www.frankfurt-main.ihk.de 66 Lorch am Rhein Eberbach Kiedrich 671 Hoch- FRA Heusenstamm Seligenstadt 661 12 Eltville am Rhein heim SPESSART Heigenbrücken 643 Flörsheim -
Collection of 24 Rocks 1018443 (U72015)
Collection of 24 rocks 1018443 (U72015) These rocks are organised into three groups depending on how they were formed: Igneous rocks arise due to solidification of magma inside (plutonic/intrusive) or upon (volcanic/extrusive) the earth’s crust. Sedimentary rocks: Such minerals are exposed to exogenetic forces on the surface of the earth, where they are comminuted, transported and deposited and can also be recompacted. Metamorphic rocks arise due to metamorphosis of igneous or sedimentary rocks under high pressure and temperature. Rock cycle Magma rising from inside the earth cools, either while still inside the crust or after it has erupted to the surface. This results in the creation of igneous rocks. These rocks are exposed to exogenetic forces on the surface of the earth (erosion, weathering), they may be transported from place to place and can later be recompacted (sedimentary rocks) or can be subjected to high pressure and temperature and thereby transformed into metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rocks can also be subjected to exogenetic forces or can be subducted into the earth as a result of tectonic movements where they too can be fused or converted by pressure and temperature into metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks can also be subjected to exogenetic forces or can be subducted into the earth as a result of tectonic movements and fused there. Sedimentary Rocks n o si ro D E ia g g n P e i n s r t e e r u s s F s i o u s p r s e n a T r T r T e a n m s p p e o s Magma i r r s a n t e io t u n t r E e a e c F r g i f u o a i s s i d g i i n i l n o D i g o s n S u F Igneous rocks Metamorphic rocks Figure 1: Rock cycle 2 Igneous rocks Igneous rocks are minerals, which have solidified due to cooling of liquid magma either within the earth’s crust (plutonic/intrusive rocks) or on the surface (volcanic/extrusive rocks). -
Complete Overview
LAST UPDATED: APRIL 2017 APRIL UPDATED: LAST INFORMATION ON THE GERMAN cities. member associated and Road HALF-TIMBERED HOUSE ROAD House Half-Timbered German the by reserved rights All violations and copyright infringements will be punished. punished. be will infringements copyright and violations Choose from the extensive selection of brochures that we have put law competition Any permitted. not is purposes mercial - together for you: com for excerpts of use the or part) in (even publication es to third parties is not permitted. Reproduction of this this of Reproduction permitted. not is parties third to es - address of sale commercial the for brochure this of Use • Road maps of the seven regional routes – some with cycle routes Cover image: Mosbach image: Cover www.facebook.com/Deutsche.Fachwerkstrasse www.deutsche-fachwerkstrasse.de STRASSENKARTE [email protected] 94250366 661 (0) +49 VOM Fax STRASSENKARTE 43680 661 (0) +49 RHEIN ZUM Phone VOM UND MAIN ODENWALDSTRASSENKARTE TREBUR · DREIEICH · HANAU-STEINHEIM · SELIGENSTADT ZUM BABENHAUSEN · DIEBURG · GROSS-UMSTADT · ERBACH STRASSENKARTERHEIN MAIN Germany · Fulda 36041 IM ODENWALDVON · WALLDÜRN DER · MILTENBERGSTRASSENKARTE · WERTHEIM UND VOM ODENWALD VOM Johannesberg Propstei TREBUR · DREIEICH · HANAU-STEINHEIM · SELIGENSTADTELBE HARZ BABENHAUSEN · DIEBURG · GROSS-UMSTADT · ERBACH ZUM IM ODENWALDZUM MAIN· WALLDÜRN · MILTENBERG · WERTHEIMSTADE · NIENBURG · BAD ESSEN · STADTHAGEN · ALFELD RHEIN BOCKENEM · EINBECKRHEIN · NORTHEIM · DUDERSTADT OSTERODE · HALBERSTADT · WERNIGERODE · OSTERWIECK OFFICE HEAD UND WIR SIND VOM FACHWERK HORNBURG · KÖNIGSLUTTERUND · CELLE · SALZWEDEL ZUM ODENWALD LÜCHOW · DANNENBERG · HITZACKER · BLECKEDE ODENWALD MAIN TREBUR · DREIEICH · HANAU-STEINHEIM · SELIGENSTADT TREBUR · DREIEICH · HANAU-STEINHEIM · SELIGENSTADT BABENHAUSEN · DIEBURG · GROSS-UMSTADT · ERBACH BABENHAUSEN · DIEBURG · GROSS-UMSTADT · ERBACH IM ODENWALD · WALLDÜRN · MILTENBERG · WERTHEIM IM ODENWALD · WALLDÜRN · MILTENBERG · WERTHEIM WIR SIND VOM FACHWERK VOM SIND WIR V.