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Home , Kennedy Round, The Missiles of October, Trade Expansion Act

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GENERAL WORKS

This does not include those general studies mentioned in the other categories.

Clinch, Nancy Gager, The Neurosis (1973). Fairlie, Henry, The Kennedy Promise (1973). Giglio, James N., The Presidency of John F. Kennedy (1991). Hamilton, Nigel, JFK: Reckless Youth (1992). Lasky, Victor, JFK: The Man and the Myth (1963). Martin, Ralph G., A Hero for Our Time (1983). Miroff, Bruce, Pragmatic Illusions: The Presidential Politics of John F. Ken- nedy (1976). Parmet, Herbert S., Jack: The Struggles of John F. Kennedy (1980). --, JFK: The Presidency of John F. Kennedy (1983). Reeves, Richard, President Kennedy: Profile of Power (1993). Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr, : John F. Kennedy in the (1965). Sorensen, Theodore C., Kennedy (1965). Wills, Garry, The Kennedy Imprisonment: A Meditation on Power (1982).

VIETNAM

Blair, Anne E., Lodge in Vietnam: A Patriot Abroad (1995). Chomsky, Noam, Rethinking Camelot: JFK, the , and US Poli­ tical Culture (1993). Duiker, William J., US Policy and the Conflict in Indochina (1994). Gardner, Lloyd C., Pay any Price: Lyndon Johnson and the Wars for Vietnam (1995). Halberstam, David, The Best and the Brightest (1972). Hammer, Ellen J., A Death in November: America in Vietnam, 1963 (1988). Herring, George c., America's Longest War: The in Vietnam, 1950-1975, 3rd edn. (1995). Kahin, George MeT., Intervention: How America Became Involved in Vietnam (1986). McNamara, Robert, In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (1994). Newman, John M., JFK and Vietnam: Deception, Intrigue, and the Struggle for Power (1992). Rust, William J., Kennedy in Vietnam (1983).

277 278 Kennedy: The Revisited

Sheehan, Neil, A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam (1988).

CUBA

Abel, Elie, The Missile Crisis (1966). Allison, Graham T., Essence of Decision: Explaining the (1971). Blight, James G., The Shattered Crystal Ball: Fear and Learning in the Cuban Missile Crisis (1990). Brugioni, Dino A., Eyeball to Eyeball: The Inside Story of the Cuban Missile Crisis (1991). Detzer, David, The Brink: Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 (1979). Dinerstein, Herbert S., The Making of a Missile Crisis, October 1962 (1976). Garthoff, Raymond L., Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis, rev. edn. (1989). Higgins, Trumbull, The Perfect Failure: Kennedy, Eisenhower, and the CIA at the Bay of Pigs (1989). Kennedy, Robert F., : A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis (1969). Nathan, James A. (ed.), The Cuban Missile Crisis Revisited (1992). Paterson, Thomas G., "Fixation with : The Bay of Pigs, Missile Crisis, and Covert War against Fidel Castro," in Kennedy's Quest for Victory: American Foreign Policy, 1961-1963, ed. Thomas G. Paterson (1989). --, and William J. Brophy, "October Missiles and November Elections: The Cuban Missile Crisis and American Politics, 1962," Journal of Amer­ ican History, 73 (June 1986), pp. 87-119. Thompson, Robert Smith, : The Declassified Story of John F. Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis (1992). White, Mark J, The Cuban Missile Crisis (1996). --, Missiles in Cuba: Kennedy, Khrushchev, Castro and the 1962 Crisis (1997). Wyden, Peter, Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story (1979).

BERLIN CRISIS

Beschloss, Michael R., The Crisis Years: Kennedy and Khrushchev, 1960-1963 (1991). Bundy, McGeorge, Danger and Survival: Choices about the Bomb in the First Fifty Years (1988). Cohen, Warren I., (1980). Costigliola, Frank, "The Pursuit of Atlantic Community: Nuclear Arms, Dollars, and Berlin," in Kennedy's Questfor Victory, ed. Thomas G. Pater­ son (1989). Select Bibliography 279

Gelb, Norman, The (1986). Schick, Jack, The Berlin Crisis, 1958-1962 (1971). Schwarz, Hans-Peter, Adenauer: The Statesman, 1952-1967 (1997). Stuetzle, Walther, Kennedy und Adenauer in der Berlin Krise, 1961-1962 (1971). Wyden, Peter, Wall: The Inside Story of Divided Berlin (1989).

TRADE POLICY

Aggarwal, Vinod K., Liberal Protectionism: The International Politics of Organized Textile Trade (1985). Ball, George W., The Past has Another Pattern: Memoirs (1982). Borden, William S., "Defending Hegemony: American Foreign Economic Policy," in Kennedy's Quest for Victory, ed. Thomas G. Paterson (1989). Calleo, David P., "Since 1961: American Power in a New World Economy" in Economics and World Power: An Assessment of American Diplomacy since 1789, ed. William H. Becker and Samuel F. Wells, Jr (1984). Dryden, Steve, Trade Warriors: USTR and the American Crusade for Free Trade (1995). Eckes, Alfred E., Jr, Opening America's Market: US Foreign Trade Policy since 1776 (1995). Evans, John W., The in American Trade Policy (1971). Goldstein, Judith, Ideas, Interests, and American Trade Policy (1993). Heath, Jim F., John F. Kennedy and the Business Community (1969). Ikenberry, G. John, David A. Lake, and Michael Mastanduno, The State and American Foreign Economic Policy (1988). Lowi, Theodore J., "American Business and Public Policy: Case Studies and Political Theory," World Politics, 16 (July 1964), pp. 677-93. Pastor, Robert A., Congress and the Politics of us Foreign Economic Policy, 1929-1976 (1980). Strackbein, O.R., American Enterprise and Foreign Trade (1965). Zeiler, Thomas W., American Trade and Power in the 1960s (1992).

RELAnONS WITH FRANCE

Beloff, Nora, The General Says No (1963). Bohlen, Charles E., Witness to History, 1929-1969 (1973). Cogan, Charles G., Oldest Allies, Guarded Friends: The United States and France since 1940 (1994). Costigliola, Frank, "The Failed Design: Kennedy, de Gaulle, and the Struggle for Europe," Diplomatic History, 8 (Summer 1984), pp. 227-51. Harrison, Michael M., The Reluctant Ally: France and Atlantic Security (1981). Hoffman, Stanley, Decline or Renewal? (1974). Kleiman, Robert, Atlantic Crisis (1964). 280 Kennedy: The New Frontier Revisited

Lacouture, Jean, De Gaulle: The Ruler, 1945-1970 (1991). Newhouse, John, De Gaulle and the Anglo-Saxons (1970). Paxton, Robert 0., and Nicholas Wahl (eds), De Gaulle and the United States: A Centennial Reappraisal (1994). Winand, Pascaline, Eisenhower, Kennedy and the United States of Europe (1993).

SPACE POLICY

Benson, Charles D., and William Barnaby Faherty, Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations (1978). Bilstein, Roger E., Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo! Saturn Launch Vehicles (1980). Burrows, William E., Deep Black: Space and (1986). Durant, Frederick C. (ed.), Between Sputnik and the Shuttle: New Perspectives on American Astronautics (1981). Golden, William T. (ed)., Science Advice to the President (1980). Hirsch, Richard, and Joseph Trento, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1973). Kinsley, Michael E., Outer Space and Inner Sanctums: Government Business and Satellite Communications (1976). Levine, Arnold S., Managing NASA in the Apollo Era (1982). Logsdon, John M., The Decision to Go to the Moon: Project Apollo and the National Interest (1970). McDougall, Walter A., The Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age (1985). Rosholt, Robert, Administrative History of NASA, 1958-1963 (1966). Sidey, Hugh, John F. Kennedy, President (1964). Stares, Paul B., The Militarization of Space: us Policy, 1945-1984 (1985). Wiesner, Jerome B., Where Science and Politics Meet (1964).

DOMESTIC POLICY

Bernstein, Irving, Promises Kept: John F. Kennedy's New Frontier (1991). Berry, Joseph P., Jr, John F. Kennedy and the Media: The First Television President (1987). Brauer, Carl M., John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction (1977). Graham, Hugh Davis, The Uncertain Triumph: Federal Education Policy in the Kennedy and Johnson Years (1984). Harris, Seymour E., Economics of the Kennedy Years and a Look Ahead (1964). Knapp, Daniel, and Kenneth Polk, Scouting the War on Poverty: Social Reform Politics in the Kennedy Administration (1971). McConnell, Grant, Steel and the PreSidency, 1962 (1963). Navasky, Victor S., Kennedy Justice.(1971). Select Bibliography 281

Rowen, Hobart, The Free Enterprisers: Kennedy, Johnson, and the Business Establishment (1964). Shank, Alan, Presidential Policy Leadership: Kennedy and Social Welfare (1980). Stern, Mark, Calculating Visions: Kennedy, Johnson, and Civil Rights (1992). Sundquist, James L., Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years (1968). Wicker, Tom, JFK and LBJ: The Influence of Personality upon Politics (1969). Zelman, Patricia G., Women, Work, and National Policy: The Kennedy-John­ son Years (1982).

BEHIND CLOSED DOORS

Blair, Joan and Clay, Jr, The Search for JFK (1976). Exner, Judith, as told to Ovid Demaris, My Story (1977). Heymann, C. David, A Woman Named Jackie (1989). Reeves, Thomas C., A Question of Character: A Life of John F Kennedy (1991). Theoharis, Athan (ed.), From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1991). Index

Acheson, Dean Go, 3, 74, 164, 173--4 168,175--6,177,179,180, Berlin Crisis (1961) and, 97, 104-6, 181, 183 107, 128n Vietnam and, 47, 49 Action Committee for a United of Cuba, 5, 13, States of Europe, 161 14, 60n, 64, 68, 69, 70, 98, 99, Adenauer, Konrad, 149, 168, 169, 101, 198,240,257,266,272 175, 180, 181 Belknap, Michal Ro, 233 Berlin situation and, 94, 95, 98, Bell, David Eo, 195, 196, 197 112, 120, 121-2, 123, 125-6n Benelux countries, 171 Advent communications satellite, Berkowitz, Edward, 237 195, 196 Berlin, 64, 66, 67, 84, 91-123, 162, Adzhubei, Alexei, 120 167,174,240 agricultural issues, 228, 231, 238-9, airlift (1948-9) in, 113, 119, 122, 244,245 123, 130n Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP), Ultimatum crisis (1958-9) in, 66, 204 96, 103, 114, 115, 119, 122, Alabama, University of, 12, 14, 225, 123 232 Wall crisis (1961) in, 8, 14, 15,66, Algeria, 175 91-123, 128n, 168-9, 207, 223 , 1, 2, 6, 223 Berliner Morgenpost, 113 Alphand, Herve, 164, 175, 179 Berman, Larry, 44 American Friends of Vietnam, 38 Bermuda, 13 American Medical Association, 264 Bernstein, Irving, 9, 230-1, 232, 237 American University speech (1963), Berry, Joseph Po Jr, 243 1, 6, 7, 12, 208 Beschloss, Michael Ro, 8, 14,262 Ames Research Center, 202 Bild, 113 Amrehn, Franz, 129n Billings, Richard No, 242 Apollo program, 196, 202, 210, 211, Birmingham crisis (1963), 12, 13, 14, 214, 216, 240 225,231, 273 Area Redevelopment Administration BisplinghofT, Raymond, 211 (ARA),237 Blagonravov, Anatoliy A., 207, 213 Arvad, Inga, 241-2,270 Blair, Joan and Clay Jr, 4, 257 AT&T, 203 Blakey, Robert, 242 Atlantic Missile Range (AMR), 201 Boggs, Hale, 201 Atomic Energy Act (1954), 170-1 Bohlen, Charles Eo, 165, 166, 178, Atomic Energy Commission, 204 179, 181, 183 Ausland, John, 114 Boland, Edward Po, 211 Australia, 146 Bowles, Chester, 31, 79 Bradlee, Benjamin c., 4, 243, 257-8, Ball, George Wo, 146, 147 261,263, 265 Cuban missile crisis and, 74, 81 Branch, Taylor, 235 relations with Western Europe Brandt, Willy, 95, 113 and, 137, 140, 160, 162, Brauer, Carl Mo, 232, 237

282 Index 283

Bretton Woods, 151 Chaban-Delmas, Jacques, 163, 164 Brezhnev, Leonid, 10 Chafe, William, 233 Britain, 65, 81-2, 162, 163, 165--fi, Chappaquiddick controversy, 260 170,171, 173, 177-8, 179, 181, Chayes, Abram J., 106 183,208 Chicago Daily News, 48 Berlin situation and, 98, 99, 102, Chicago Sun-Times survey of 111-12, 168 presidential scholars (1996), 245 proposed entry into the Common China, 38, 45, 50, 66, 67 Market of, 136, 143, 149-50, Churchill, Winston, 21, 264 151, 155n, 172, 175--fi, 180, civil rights, 2, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 190n 222-9,231-5,241,244,245,264, British Advisory Mission to South 273 Vietnam (BRIAM), 25, 48 Civil Rights Act (1964), 245 British Columbia, 148 Clay, Lucius D., 113, 117-18, 169 Brookings Institution, 235 Clayton, William, 136 Brooks, Overton, 197, 201 Clinton, Bill, 256, 260, 272, 274 Brown, Harold, 193,209-10 Colby, William J., 24 Brown, Madeleine, 262 Columbia University, 81 Brown, Thomas, 226 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), Bruce, David K. E., 182 172,176 Bucharest, 79 Common External Tariff, 172, 176 Bundy, McGeorge, 13, 164,170,171, Common Market, see European 175,179,182,213 Economic Community (EEC) Cuba and, 71, 74, 82 communications satellite bill (1962), Berlin and, 99, 107, 110, 116 204 Vietnam and, 35, 37, 47, 52 Connor, Eugene, 12,225 Bundy, William P., 29 Conte, Silvio 0., 211 Burlatsky, Fyodor, 101 Copland, Aaron, 268 Burner, David, 229 Cordier, Andrew, 81, 82, 84 Bush, Prescott, 144-5 Costigliola, Frank, 160 Bush, Vannevar, 211 Costner, Kevin, 23 Council of Economic Advisers, 235 Camelot school, 1-2,6,8,9,223,232 Couve de Murville, Maurice, 163, challenges to, 3, 5, 226, 230 170,179,180,183 Canada, 147-8 Cowan, Jill, 258 Canterbery, E. Ray, 235 Cox, John Stuart, 241 Capote, Truman, 264 Cronkite, Walter, 23, 34, 42 Carr, E. H., 20 Cuba, 5, 8,14,15,42,63-85,99,223, Carson, Clayborne, 233 240, 273 Carter, Jimmy, 272, 274 emigres from, 64, 68, 69, 99 Casals, Pablo, 268 missile crisis in, 11, 12, 13, 15, 63, Castro, Fidel, 63-4, 65, 70, 84, 85 64,91,122,211,229,230,264; Kennedy administration's France and, 173-5, 183; handling of, 5, 7, 14,67, 68, JFK's handling of, 1, 2, 5, 8, 72, 73, 83, 99 44, 73-85, 272-3; US space US assassination attempts against, policy and, 207-10, 214, 216 4, 69, 225, 242, 267, 270 Centaur (launch vehicle), 195, 196, Dallek, Robert, 39 210 David, Sheri, 237 284 Index

Davis, John H., 242 Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), de Gaulle, Charles, 67, 98, 99, 136, 240 150,160-75,177-84, 185n, 263 Ethiopia, 21 Vietnam, Laos, and, 32-3, 42 European Economic Community Dejean, Maurice, 271 (EEC) (or Common Market), Demandt, Alexander, 20 132, 133, 136, 137-47, 149-51, Dickinson, Angie, 258 153, 155n, 158n, 161, 162, 168, Diem, Ngo Dinh, 26-7, 31, 39, 57n 171-2, 175, 176, 177, 180, 181, 1963 coup against, 19, 23, 33-4, 183 36-7,40,49,215 European Free Trade Association Dietrich, Marlene, 264 (EFTA) (or Outer Seven), 136, Dillon, C. Douglas, 77, 135, 235 137, 155n, 176 GATT round named after, 137-42 Executive Committee of the National Discoverer, 196, 208 Security Council (ExComm), Dittmer, John, 233-4 74, 75, 76, 77, 78-9, 81, 82, Dobrynin, Anatoly F., 82, 119, 121, 83,84 122 Exner, Judith Campbell, 4, 242, 258, Dryden, Hugh, 195, 199,202, 203, 265-7, 270, 272 206-7,211,212,213 Dulles, John Foster, 114 F-1 engine, 194, 196 DynaSoar, 196, 209 "Fair Deal", 223 Fairlie, Henry, 226, 227 East Germany, 91, 94-100, 128n, Falin, Valentin, 118 168, 169, 181,242,271 Federal Bureau of Investigation Echo satellite, 207 (FBI), 241, 261-2, 265-6, 270, Economic Bill of Rights address 271 (1944), 222 civil rights and, 225, 232, 234, 242 education issues, 223, 224, 227, Federal Communications 237-8, 244, 245 Commission, 203 Edwards, George c., 241 Fek1isov, Aleksandr, 80 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 63, 64, 66, Fischer, John, 93 68,92,93,122,163,167,177, FitzSimons, Louise, 4 195, 196-7,230,240,244, 260, Flash, Edward S. Jr, 235 267-8 Fleming, Ian, 268 JFK in comparison with, 10-11, Flowers, Gennifer, 256 75,110,114-15,144 Food and Drug Administration trade issues and, 134, 135, 138, (FDA), 265, 269 141, 142 force de frappe, 162, 167, 170, 171, Vietnam, Laos, and, 30, 31, 37, 39, 179 40,41, 57n, 59n,274 Foreign Affairs, 95 Electronics Research Center (ERC), Forrestal, Michael, 59n 210,211 Fouchet Plan, 171 Elementary and Secondary Act France, 15, 99, 136, 139, 140, 160-84 (1965), 238 passim Ellender, Allen, 201 Bank of, 172 Ellsberg, Daniel, 3 Berlin situation and, 98, 102, 111, Elster, Jon, 21 112 environmental issues, 239 National Assembly of, 163 Equal Pay Act (1963), 239, 240 Vietnam and, 32, 40, 45 Index 285

France Soir, 180 Great Society, 11, 12,44, 151,230, Freedom Rides, 231 239 Freeman, Orville L., 176 Green Berets, 37 Friedan, Betty, 240 Grewe, Wilhelm, 122 Fulbright, J. William, 55n, 149 Gromyko, Andrei A., 76, 116, 118, Fulton, James G., 197 119, 121, BOn Gruson, Sydney, 115 Gagarin, Yuri A., 197 Guantanamo base, 77, 78 Galbraith, John Kenneth, 31,236 Guevara, Ernesto Che, 64 Garrison, Jim, 23 Gulf of Tonkin incident, 61n Garrow, David, 234-5 Gavin, James M., 169, 171, 173, 176, Hadwiger, Don F., 238 179, 183 Hallstein, Walter, 176 Gebelein, Herb, 235 Hamby, Alonzo, 228-9, 230 Gelb, Leslie H., 34 Hamilton, Nigel, 7, 8 Gemini, 209-10 Harding, Warren, 15 General Agreement on Tariffs and Harper's magazine, 93 Trade (GATT), 132, 133, 134, Harriman, W. Averell, 31, 56n, 64, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 144, 146, 116 147,149,150,151,152, 172 Harris, Seymour E., 144, 235 Geneva agreements (1954), 31, 38, Harrison, Cynthia, 239--40 56n Hart, Gary, 260, 274 Geneva Disarmament Conference Harvard University, 67, 210, 211, (1962), 121 235, 273 Geneva foreign ministers conference Heath, Edward, 176, 180 (1959), 108 Heath, Jim F., 236 Gentry, Curt, 241-2 Heller, Walter, 235 Giancana, Chuck and Sam, 266-7 Herter, Christian, 136 Giancana, Sam, 4,5,242,258,266-7, Hilsman, Roger, 29, 34 270, 272, 273 Ho Chi Minh, 30, 50 Giglio, James N., 1, 7, 13, 14, 15, trail of, 51 228, 230, 236, 238-9 Hoffa, Jimmy, 242 Gilbert, Carl, 147 Holtzman, Abraham, 241 Gilpatric, Roswell, 195 Home, Lord Douglas, 97, 98, 102 Gilruth, Robert, 202 Honecker, Erich, 111 Glass, Alice, 262 Hong Kong, 145 Glenn, John, 205 Hook, Sidney, 21 Glennan, T. Keith, 202, 203 Hoover, Herbert, 235, 239 Godden, Richard, 236 Hoover, J. Edgar, 225, 241-2, 261, Goldfarb, Ronald, 242 265, 270 Goldwater, Barry, 35 Hornig Report, 197 Gombault, Charles, 180 Humphrey, Hubert H., 47 Goodwin, Richard N., 64, 79 Hyland, William G., 110 Graham, Hugh Davis, 237 Grand Design, 143, 160, 162, 175, IL-28 bombers, 84 180, 183--4 Indochina, 22, 35, 38, 40, 41, 43, 273 Grant, Ulysses S., 15 intercontinental ballistic missiles Great Depression, 2, 148 (ICBMs), 65, 67, 92 286 Index

Italy, 21, 65, 76, 77, III, 140, 163, Kennedy round of GATT, 149, 150, 171 151, 153, 172, 183 Izvestia, 120, 214 Kerr, Norwood Allen, 239 Kerr, Robert, 148, 202, 203 Jacobson, ~ax,263-5, 269, 275-6n KGB,271 Japan, 50, 74, 134, 145, 146, 147, 151, Khanh, ~oharnrnad Ayub, 60n 153, 158n Kharlamov, ~ikhail, 116 Javits, Jacob, 143 Khrushchev, Nikita S., 10, 11,64,73, Jeffrey, Julie Roy, 238 85,208,263 Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), 202 Berlin situation and, 91, 95-6, 98, JFK motion picture, 23 99, 100-1, 102-3, 104, 105, Jodrell Bank Observatory, 212 106, 107, 108, 109-10, 111, Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 11-12,23, 113-14,115-19,120,122,123, 113, 135, 144, 148, 151, 166, 169, 167-9 230, 233, 239, 241, 262 Cuban missile crisis and, 75, 76-7, space policy and, 193, 196-9, 202, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82-3, 84 203,211 decision to put missiles in Cuba by, Vietnam and, 4, 19,22,26,27,29, 8, 14, 65-7, 68, 69-70, 72 35-7,39,40,42-9,50-1,52, plans for Soviet-American 60n, 61n, 62n, 274 cooperation in space and, 194, Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 72, 73, 205--6, 207, 213, 214, 215 83 Kilpatrick, Caroll, 241 Jupiter missiles, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80-2, King, ~artin Luther Jr, 225, 231, 83-4 234--5,242 Kissinger, Henry A., 106 Kater, Leonard and Florence, 260-1 Knapp, Daniel, 237 Kaysen, Carl, 115 Knebel, Fletcher, 243 Keating, Kenneth B., 71 , 40 Keldysh, ~stislav, 212 Komienko, Georgi ~., 106 Kelley, Albert, 211 Krock, Arthur, 30,47, 56n, 243, 261 Kelley, Kitty, 242 Kennedy, Edward ~., 211, 260 Lansdale, Edward G., 71 Kennedy, Eunice, 259 Lantphibex-I-62,69 Kennedy, Jacqueline Bouvier, 1, 166, Laos, 31, 32,41,42,50, 59n, 195,215 256-7,258,264,269 Lawford, Peter, 263 Kennedy, Joseph P. Jr, 8, 269 Lawson, Steven F., 233 Kennedy, Joseph P. Sr, 4, 8, 134,222, Lebanon, 80 258-9, 262, 273 Lee, John ~., 166 Kennedy, Kathleen, 269 Levison, Stanley, 234 Kennedy Library, John F., 227, 244, Levitan, Sar A., 237 260 Life magazine, 197, 224, 264 Kennedy, Robert F., 48, 61n, 116, Lightner, Allen, 113, 117, 128n 241,265,270,271,272 Lincoln, Abraham, 1, 15,235 civil rights and, 225, 229, 233, 234, Linden-Ward, Blanche, 240 242 Lippmann, Waiter, 32, 40 Cuba and, 72, 74, 75, 82 Lodge, Henry Cabot, 26, 33, 51, 57n JFK's plans for Vietnam and, 30, Logsdon, John ~., 216, 240 35,52 Long, Russell, 201 Kennedy, Rose, 8, 259-60, 273 Look magazine, 261 Index 287

Lovell, A. Bernard, 212-13 Meyer, Mary Pinchot, 258, 263 Lovett, Robert A., 77 MIDAS, 196,208 Lyon, Cecil, 179 Mills, C. Wright, 237 Mills, Wilbur, 149 McAndrews, Lawrence J., 238 Minuteman, 93 MacArthur, Douglas, 41 Miroff, Bruce, 226 McCloy, John J., 109, 181 missile gap theory, 10, 11, 66, 68, McCone, John A., 74, 77, 83, 87n, 193 114 Mississippi, University of, 14, 232, McConnell, Grant, 236 264 McCormack, John W., 211 MIT, 210, 211 McDougall, Walter A., 240 Mongoose, Operation, 5, 8, 14,68, McMahon Act, 182 69,70,71-2,73,257 Macmillan Harold, 13,42,97,98, Monnet, Jean, 137, 161, 162, 172, 102,163,165,174,175,176,177, 177 178 Monroe, Marilyn, 258 McNamara, Robert S., 106, 113, "More Flags" program, 42 126n, 166--7, 177 Multilateral Force (MLF), 162, 166, Cuba and, 72, 73, 74 168,177,178,179,180,181-2, space issues and, 193, 195, 199, 183 200, 207-8, 209-10 Munich analogy, 38,45, 46 Vietnam and, 25, 26, 29, 35, 37, 38, Murray-Blessing presidential 51-2,55n evaluation poll (1982), 245 McQuaid, Kim, 236 Mussolini, Benito, 21 Maheu, Robert A., 267 Maidment, Richard, 236 Napoleon, 21 Mailer, Norman, 23 Nassau meeting (1962), 177-8, 179, Malraux, Andre, 173 180, 181 Manned Orbiting Laboratory National Aeronautics and Space Act, (MOL),210 193 Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), National Aeronautics and Space 202, 203 Administration (NASA), 148, Mansfield, Jayne, 258 193,195,196,198,199,201,202, Mansfield, Mike, 28, 31 203,204,205,206,209,210,212, Mansholt, Sicco, 140, 150 213, 214, 216 Mapother, John, 112 National Aeronautics and Space Marcello, Carlos, 242 Council (NASq, 193,203--4 Marmor, Theodore R., 237 National Foreign Trade Council, 147 , 173 National Launch Vehicle Program, Martin, Joseph W., 211 195 Maruc/a, 80 National Liberation Front (NLF), Marvin, Langdon, 271 27, 31, 32, 57n Matusow, Allen, 227, 232 National Press Club, 23 Medicaid, 11 National Security Action Medicare, 11, 148,223,227,229,237, Memorandum (NSAM) 52, 245 30 Merchant, Livingston T., 182 Navasky, Victor, 234, 242 Mercury program, 196, 202 Navy Transit navigation satellite, 208 Meredith, James, 14 Netherlands, the, 140 288 Index

Neustadt, Richard Eo, 178 Oswald, Lee Harvey, 22, 242 New Deal, 12, 222, 223, 245, 274 Owen, Henry Do, 177, 180 New Frontier, 83, l38, 223, 236, 238, 239,240 Panama, 80 New Left, 226 Paris Accords (1954), 168 New York Board of Medicine, Paris summit (1961), 166 264 Parmet, Herbert So, 6, 7,228 New York Herald Tribune, 261 Paterson, Thomas Go, 6, 65 New York Times, 32, 34, 48, 102, 109, Pathet Lao, 41 115 Patterson, James To, 229 Newhouse, John, 160 , 2, 6, 211, 223, 231 Newman, John Mo, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, Pearl Harbor analogy, 74--5 29, 31, 34, 41 Pearson, Drew, 116 Newsweek, 243, 258 Pearson, Lester, 60n Ngo Dinh Nhu, 31, 32, 33, 34, 57n Pentagon Papers, 3, 25, 34 Nguyen Khanh, 51 Peterson, Esther, 239 Nitze, Paul Ho, 91, 164, 171, 177 Peyrefitte, Alain, 190n Nixon, Richard Mo, 63, 68, 95, 147, Phan Khac Suu, 51 266,274 Pisani, Edgard, 176 Norstad, Lauris, 107, 174 Poland, 95, 103, 116 North Atlantic Treaty Organization Polaris, 84, 93, 166, 177-8 (NATO), 81, 84, 92, 94, 95, 96, Polk, Kenneth, 237 ~,10~10~10~143,16~ Pollard, James Eo, 243 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, Powers, David Fo, 3 169,170,173,177,178,180, Powers, John Fo, 202 181, 182, 183 President's Commission on the Status NSAM 111, 30, 31, 39, 41 of Women, 239 NSAM 181,71 President's Science Advisory NSAM 263, 26, 27 Committee (PSAC), 193 NSAM 273, 26, 27, 28 press relations with JFK, 242-4, NSAM 288, 61n 260-1 Price, Hugh Douglas, 238 Oates, Stephen, 235 O'Brien, Larry, 223, 231, 241 Radio Corporation of America Oder-Neille border issue, 92, 95, 96, (RCA),203 103, 116, 120 Radio Moscow, 82 O'Donnell, Kenneth Po, 3, 28, 29, 76, Rayburn, Sam, 144 101 Reagan, Ronald, 4, 272 Office of Congressional Relations, Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act 241 (RTAA), l32, l33, l34, l38, 139, Office of Juvenile Delinquency, 237 140, 142 O'Neill, William L., 226, 227 Reconstruction, 231, 233 O'Reilly, Kenneth, 233 Red Army, 104 Organization of American States Reedy, George Eo, 56n (OAS), 14,69 Reeves, Richard, 8, 9, l3, 229-30, organized crime, 225, 228, 241, 242, 247n 244,245,257,258,265-7,269, Reeves, Thomas Co, 4, 5, 6, l3, 272 227-8, 247n, 257, 262 Orion, 194 Relay, 203 Index 289

Renka, Russell D., 241 Semyorka intercontinental ballistic Reston, James, 109 missile, 207 Rice, Donna, 274 Shank, Alan, 236-7 Robinson, Edward G., 264 Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 60n Rockefeller, Nelson A., 274 Shaw, Mark, 264-5 Rome Treaty, 155n Shepard, Alan B., 199,201 Rometsch, Ellen, 242, 271-2 Short-Term Cotton Textile Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 2, 4, 12, Arrangement (1961), 158n 15,162,185n,222,224,241,260, Sidey, Hugh, 197 274 Simpson, Phillip M., 236 Rosselli, John, 266, 267, 273 Sinatra, Frank, 242, 258 Rostow, Walt W., 29, 42, 115, 162, Sitkoff, Harvard, 232-3 169, 173, 177, 181 Skybolt, 177 Rover nuclear rocket program, 194, Smirnov, Andrei, 96 201 Smith, Gerard C., 166 Rowen, Hobart, 236 Smith, Thomas G., 239 Rusk, Dean, 81, 169, 174,213 Social Security, 244, 245 Berlin and, 97, 104, 106, 107, Society for Historians of American 108-9, 112, 114, 115, 118, 119, Foreign Relations (SHAFR), 39 120, 121, 122, l30n Sorensen, Theodore C., 52, 82, 174, relations with Western Europe 193,222,267,268 and, 162, 164, 165, 178, 179 books written by, 2, 3, 6, 29, Vietnam and, 29, 35, 37, 38, 45, 223-4, 230, 243, 246n, 256-7 52 , 10, 11, 21, 161, 167, Russell, Richard B., 50, 51 169,173,174,177,181,193,234 Berlin and, 91-111, 113-23, 128n Sabato, Larry J., 243 Cuba and, 63-85 SAINT project, 196, 208 JFK's policies toward, 5, 6, 8, 12, Salinger, Pierre, 3, 116, 223, 265 13, 14, 146, 160, 208, 236 SAMOS program, 208 space issues and, 194, 195, 196, San Marcos State Teachers College, 197, 198, 205, 206, 207, 209, 45 210, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216 Sandburg, Carl, 268 Space Act (1958), 196, 198 Saturn booster, 194, 195, 196, 201, Space Task Group (STG), 202 202 Spalding, Charles, 263 Scali, John, 80 Sputnik, 10, 193, 194, 196, 200, 240 Schaetzel, J. Robert, 180 Square Deal, 223 Scheim, David E., 242 St Louis Post-Dispatch, 48 Schell, Jonathan, 38, 39 Stalin, Josef, 20, 123 Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr, 24, 52, 79, Stans, Maurice, 203 106,267 Statsenko, Igor D., 69 books written by, 2, 3, 6, 29, 223, steel industry crisis (1962), 14, 224, 224-5, 230, 238, 246n, 256, 228,229,236 257 Stein, Herbert, 235 school assistance bill (1961), 238 Stennis, John, 203 Schriever, General, 195 Stem, Mark, 233 Schroder, Gerhard, 120 Stevenson, Adlai E., 74, 77-9, 89n, Seamans, Robert, 199, 202, 203, 211 262,267,274 Second Reconstruction, 232 Stone, Oliver, 23, 24, 26, 29, 34 290 Index

Strauss, Franz-Josef, 94, 168 Udall, Stewart, 239 Streit, Clarence, 136 Ulbricht, Walter, 103, 117, 128n Student Nonviolent Coordinating United Nations (UN), 57n, 74, 81, Committee, 233 84-5,94-5, 117, 146, 152,205, Suetonius, 257 213 Summers, Anthony, 241-2 Uruguay, 64 Sundquist, James L., 230 US domestic policies, 15,222-45 Surveyor, 210 US space policies, 15, 193-216,223, Swanson, Gloria, 258-9 229, 240--1 US trade policies, 15, 132-54 Talbot, Ross B., 238 Tariff Commission, 139, 141 Venezuela, 148 Tariff League, 144 (1961),99-104, 109, tax-cut issue, 224, 226, 227, 228, 235, 111,119,120,168,205 236 Vietcong (VC), 27, 30, 31, 32, 33 Taylor, Maxwell, 25, 26, 42, 51, 72, Vietnam, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 14, 15, 83, 106, 118 19-53, 151, 153,215,223, Teamsters, 225 229,244,257,260,262,272, Tebbel, John, 243-4 273,274 Telstar, 203 Vostok 1, 197 Temple University, 60n , 232 Test Ban Treaty (1963), 2, 7, 12, 44, 68, 183, 208, 213, 229 Wallace, George, 225 Thailand, 50 Walton, Bill, 263 Theoharis, Athan G., 241 Walton, Richard J., 4 Thomas, Albert, 202, 214 "War on Poverty," 11, 237, 239 Thompson, Llewellyn, 96, 108 , 94 Thompson, Robert G. K., 25, 26, 48 Washington Post, 49, 116 Thorneycroft, Peter, 177 Washington Star, 261 Toma, Peter A., 239 Watergate, 260, 272 (TEA), Watson, Mary Ann, 244 142-3, 144--5, 147-50, 153, 162, Watts, Sarah Miles, 243-4 172 Webb, James, 195-6, 199, 200, 202, Trade Relations Council, 144 203,209,210,211, 212, 213, Trafficante, Santos, 242 215 Tran Van Huong, 51 Weir, Priscilla, 258 Transit navigation satellite, 195 Welsh, Edward, 196, 203, 204, 214, Travell, Janet, 265 215 tripartite directoire, 163, 175 West Germany, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, Trivers, Howard, 128--9n 99, 128n, 135, 136, 141, 162, 163, Trollope ploy, 82, 83, 84 167-8, 170, 171, 175, 177, 180, Truman, Harry S., 3, 6, 38, 97, 122, 181, 182, 183, 271 274 West Virginia primary (1960), 266 Turkey, 65, 76, 77, 79, 81-2, 83-4 Westmoreland, William, 36 Turnure, Pamela, 258, 261 White, Theodore H., 1 Tyler, William, 169 Wicker, Tom, 241 Wiesner, Jerome, 193, 194, 195, 196, , 46, 81 197, 200, 209, 211 U-2 plane, 80 Williams, Tennessee, 264, 268 Index 291

Wills, Garry, 4, 5, 6, 37, 257, 268 World War II, 2, 97, 101, 103, 104, Wilson, Harold, 46 108,109,116,151,162,173,242, Women's Bureau, 239, 240 269 women's rights issues, 223, 228, 231, Wormser, Olivier, 15Sn 239--40, 245 , 21 Zelman, Patricia G., 239