Radio Regulations and Update on Post WRC- 15 Studies
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Space Communications
Space Radiocommunication Services and Frequency Allocations Dr. Francis Lau Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 1 Space Radiocommunication Services • Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) • Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) – Maritime Mobile Satellite Service (MMS) – Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMS) – Land Mobile Satellite Service (LMS) • Broadcasting Satellite Service (BSS) • Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EES) Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 2 Space Radiocommunication Services • Space Research Service (SRS) • Space Operation Service (SOS) • Radiodetermination Satellite Service (RSS) • Inter-Satellite Service (ISS) • Amateur Satellite Service (ASS) Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 3 Space Radiocommunication Services Type of link Applications Space radio- (•= uplink, communications ¯= downlink) services Broadcasting ¯ Time signals FSS Data BSS Sound programs BSS Television programmes BSS Links with •¯ Land MSS (LMS) mobiles Maritime MSS (MMS) Aeronautical MSS (AMS) Radio location •¯ Navigation RSS Downlink ¯ Radiolocation and RSS transmission navigation of a radio Earth atmosphere SRS, EES beacon monitoring Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 4 Frequency Allocations • Frequency allocations to a given service can depend on the region – Region 1: Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the countries of the former USSR – Region 2: The Americas – Region 3: Asia except the Middle East and the countries of the former USSR, Oceania • bands allocated can be exclusive or shared Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 5 Frequency Allocations • Fixed satellite service links – C band or 6/4 GHz • around 6GHz for the uplink and around 4GHz for the downlink • occupied by the oldest systems and tend to be saturated – X band or 8/7 GHz • reserved for government use Dr. -
Federal Communications Commission FCC 02-23
Federal Communications Commission FCC 02-23 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Amendment of Parts 2, 25 and 97 of the ) Commission's Rules with Regard to the ) ET Docket No. 98-142 Mobile-Satellite Service Above 1 GHz ) REPORT AND ORDER Adopted: January 28, 2002 Released: February 7, 2002 By the Commission: TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 1 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................... 2 III. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................. 6 IV. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 11 A. NGSO MSS Feeder Uplinks at 5091-5250 MHz ........................................................................11 1. Current Use.........................................................................................................................11 2. Proposal..............................................................................................................................13 3. Comments...........................................................................................................................14 4. Decision..............................................................................................................................16 -
The Legal Ordering of Satellite Telecommunication: Problems and Alternatives
Indiana Law Journal Volume 44 Issue 3 Article 1 Spring 1969 The Legal Ordering of Satellite Telecommunication: Problems and Alternatives Delbert D. Smith University of Wisconsin Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj Part of the Air and Space Law Commons, and the Communications Law Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Delbert D. (1969) "The Legal Ordering of Satellite Telecommunication: Problems and Alternatives," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 44 : Iss. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol44/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INDIANA LAW JOURNAL Volume 44 Spring 1969 Number 3 THE LEGAL ORDERING OF SATELLITE TELECOMMUNICATION: PROBLEMS AND ALTERNATIVES DELBERT D. SMITHt The use of satellites in outer space to provide a means of transmission for international telecommunication could be viewed as simply a tech- nological advancement neither necessitating basic structural changes in the international control institutions nor requiring alteration of the control theories designed to regulate unauthorized transmissions. How- ever, the magnitude of the changes involved, coupled with increased governmental concern, has resulted in a number of politico-legal problems. It is the purpose of this article to examine on several levels of analysis the implications of utilizing satellites as a means of telecom- munication transmission. Introductory material on the development of communications satellite technology stresses the need for international organization and co-operation to oversee the launching and maintenance of a global communications system and indicates the pressures for the implementation of control measures over transmissions originating in outer space. -
Space Science and Meteorology Spectrum Allocations in the UK
Introduction ‘Space science’ is an umbrella term that covers both Earth observation and space related scientific research. Earth observation (EO) satellites observe the earth and its atmosphere, using visible light or radio spectrum from a unique vantage point. The information it provides is used for a wide range of purposes including weather forecasting, environmental monitoring, climate change research as well as a number of commercial activities. Radio astronomy and space research contribute to our knowledge of space and the evolution of the universe. The following services fall under this category: • Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EESS) Space Research Service (SRS) Space Operation Service (SOS) Radio Astronomy Service (RAS) Meteorological Satellite Service (MetSat) Meteorological Aids Service (Met-Aids) Radiolocation Service Note: this only for wind profiler and weather radars) Standard Time and Frequency signals) These services can be split in two broad categories: passive services (RAS, EESS and Space Research Service), that measure naturally- occurring radiation often at very low power levels. This information provides useful data to help further understand the Earth and universe. The frequency bands are often determined by the specific physical properties being investigated (e.g. molecular resonance). active services that make use of a variety of technologies (e.g. radiodetermination) to carryout measurements, observations or transfer the collected data. These active applications are relatively less sensitive to interference compared to passive sensors. Given the low levels of radiation being monitored these services often use very sensitive receivers. In most cases the equipment is not able to discriminate between these natural radiations and man-made radiations. For this reason, a number of bands have been harmonised across the world for the use by passive services only. -
ITU Regulations Concerning Registration of Small Satellites
ITU Regulatory procedures for small satellite filings Chuen Chern Loo Space Services Department Radiocommunication Bureau Legal Framework for Spectrum Access/Use Radio Regulations . Intergovernmental Treaty governing the use of spectrum/orbit resources by administrations . Define the rights and obligations of Member States in respect of the use of these resources . Recording of a frequency assignment in the Master Register (MIFR) provides international recognition and protection . Updated every 3-4 years by World Radiocommunication Conferences . Completed by the Rules of Procedure 2 Radio Regulations – examples of some useful sections Article 1 Definitions Article 5 Table of Frequency Allocations Article 9 and 11 Procedures for the advance publication (API), coordination (CR/C) and notification Article 21/22 Power limits Article 25 Amateur and Amateur-satellite service Article 29A Radio services related to Earth observation Appendix 1 Classification of emissions Appendix 4 Data required for satellite filings 3 ART. 5 frequency allocations - 1 .No. 5.2 - For the allocation of frequencies the world has been divided into three “radiocommunication” Regions 170° 170° 160° 140° 120° 100° 80° 60° 40° 20° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120° 140° 160° 180° C B A 75° 75° 60° REGION 1 60° REGION 2 40° 40° 30° 30° 20° 20° 0° 0° 20° 20° 30° 30° 40° 40° REGION 3 REGION 3 C B A 60° 60° 160° 140° 120° 100° 80° 60° 40° 20° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120° 140° 160° 180° 170° 170° Exclusive allocations, which are favoured in cases5-01 that involve broad international use of equipment Shared frequency allocations, which are applied to maximize the use of the available spectrum when two or more radiocommunication services can effectively utilize the same frequency band 4 ART. -
RSPG Sub-Group on Scientific Use of Radio Spectrum
Progress report RSPG OPINION on ¨a coordinated EU Spectrum approach for scientific use of radio spectrum¨ 1. Introduction This paper represents the Radio Spectrum Policy Group’s (RSPG) progress report to the request from France and The Netherlands for an Opinion on spectrum used by scientific services. (document RSPG05-67 and RSPG 05-82). Many fields of science depend on the use of radio spectrum. This spectrum could also be used for other purposes, which in certain cases leads to pressure on the spectrum used by the scientific community. These developments have led to concerns about the long-term availability of spectrum for scientific use. Although these alternative applications may represent significant economic value, scientific usage of spectrum also has significant social and economic benefits. The RSPG agreed to formulate an opinion on the scientific use of spectrum in order to get an overview of all important aspects of the spectrum-based activities of the scientific community and to issue recommendations. 2. Overview of Scientific Use 2.1 Introduction Spectrum is used by several scientific services. These services use radio emissions to register naturally occurring physical phenomena or to communicate information between different locations. The following services are identified in the Radio Regulations: the Meteorological Aids Service, the Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EESS), the Meteorological-Satellite Service, the Space Research Service (SRS), and the Radio Astronomy Service (RAS). Also the Space Operation Service, the Radiolocation Service (RLS) and the Radionavigation Satellite Service are used for scientific applications1. This chapter gives a description of the various scientific activities. It is to be noted that these activities do not always coincide with the definitions of services used by the ITU in the Radio Regulations. -
Explanatory Notes to the Information to Be Furnished for the Respective Data Fields
EXPLANATORY NOTES TO THE INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED FOR THE RESPECTIVE DATA FIELDS: DATA DATA DATA NAME FIELD NAME CODE DESCRIPTION ITEM TYPE 1 FACSMAB MTG_No Char(5) - The Number of FACSMAB Meeting e.g. 100 /JTC Meeting Number 2 Meeting Date MDATE Char(8) - Date of the Meeting (DDMMYY) e.g. 16071996 3 Operating OAC Char(3) M MCMC Administration 4 Client Name CLIENT Char(60) - Full name of applicant 5 Station Type S1 Char(2) 10 Land/Fixed Station (Non-Microwave) 11 Earth Microwave Station 12 Microwave Fixed Station 20 Land Mobile Station (Non-Microwave) 6 Station Name S2 Char(40) - a) The name of the locality of the Station b) For Mobile Station, indicate ‘M’ or by Network name 7 Location of S3 Char(40) - Country/State/Province/District or Town in Operation which the station is located 8 Intended Use S4 Char(2) 01 Paging 02 Leased Channel 03 Trunked Radio System 04 Personal Communication Network 05 Rural Call Service 06 Cellular Mobile Radio System 07 Telepoint (e.g. CT2) 08 Carphone 09 Country Set 10 Wireless LAN 11 Multi-Channel Analogue-Main 12 Multi-Channel Analogue-Spur 13 Multi-Channel Digital-Main 14 Multi-Channel Digital-Spur 15 Multi-Access Radio System (MARS) 16 Service Channel 17 Telemetry 18 Private Business 19 Broadcasting (including Auxiliary to Broadcasting) 20 Press 21 Localized Network is a radiocommunication network in which the handheld equipment are intended to be operated in a small specific geographical are e.g. factories, warehoused, campus, hospitals, shops and office complexes for security and/or operational communication 22 Official Network is radiocommunication network operated by statutory and government bodies 23 Radar Station 24 Radio Mobile Data 25 Equipment operating in the ISM Bands 26 LPD use for remote-control (alarm & etc.) 27 Satellite systems (Including earth station and VSAT) 28 Receiving systems operating in the band approved by agreements 29 Amateur Station (Tx and Rx) 30 Radionavigation, DF & Sat-GPS 9 Station S_5 LAT Char(7) - a) The Latitude and Longitude of the station Coordinates Lat. -
REGULATORY PROCEDURES for Small Satellites
REGULATORY PROCEDURES for Small Satellites Space Service Department Radiocommunication Bureau International Telecommunication Union www.itu.int Contents ITU in Brief Legal Framework for Spectrum Access/Use Radio Regulations Small Satellites Regulatory Procedures WRC-19 Useful Information Q & A 2 ITU at a glance ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies (ICTs) Our membership 193 +700 +150 INDUSTRY & MEMBER INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIA STATES ORGANIZATIONS MEMBERS 3 ITU in Brief For a century and a half since 1865, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has been at the centre of advances in communications – from telegraphy through to the modern world of satellites, mobile phones and the Internet. The story of ITU is one of international cooperation, among governments, private companies and other stakeholders. The continuing mission is to achieve the best practical solutions for integrating new technologies as they develop, and to spread their benefits to all. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, currently has a membership of 193 Member States and over 700 private-sector entities, associates and over 150 academic institutions. Beyond this, many other individuals and organizations are welcomed to contribute their views at events such as the WSIS Forum. The rights and obligations of the ITU membership in the domain of international frequency management of the spectrum/orbit resources are incorporated in the Constitution (CS) and Convention (CV), as well as in the Radio Regulations (RR) with the Rules of Procedures (RoP), and Recommendations (REC). https://www.itu.int 4 ITU Membership • Member states • Sector Members • Associates SERVICES: • Academia • Global Directory: Basic information on ITU membership, as well as detailed information on Focal Points within the organizations associated with ITU. • TIES Services: User account to access documents, reports, mailing lists, etc. -
Satellite Communications in the New Space
IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS (DRAFT) 1 Satellite Communications in the New Space Era: A Survey and Future Challenges Oltjon Kodheli, Eva Lagunas, Nicola Maturo, Shree Krishna Sharma, Bhavani Shankar, Jesus Fabian Mendoza Montoya, Juan Carlos Merlano Duncan, Danilo Spano, Symeon Chatzinotas, Steven Kisseleff, Jorge Querol, Lei Lei, Thang X. Vu, George Goussetis Abstract—Satellite communications (SatComs) have recently This initiative named New Space has spawned a large number entered a period of renewed interest motivated by technological of innovative broadband and earth observation missions all of advances and nurtured through private investment and ventures. which require advances in SatCom systems. The present survey aims at capturing the state of the art in SatComs, while highlighting the most promising open research The purpose of this survey is to describe in a structured topics. Firstly, the main innovation drivers are motivated, such way these technological advances and to highlight the main as new constellation types, on-board processing capabilities, non- research challenges and open issues. In this direction, Section terrestrial networks and space-based data collection/processing. II provides details on the aforementioned developments and Secondly, the most promising applications are described i.e. 5G associated requirements that have spurred SatCom innovation. integration, space communications, Earth observation, aeronauti- cal and maritime tracking and communication. Subsequently, an Subsequently, Section III presents the main applications and in-depth literature review is provided across five axes: i) system use cases which are currently the focus of SatCom research. aspects, ii) air interface, iii) medium access, iv) networking, v) The next four sections describe and classify the latest SatCom testbeds & prototyping. -
Earth Exploration-Satellite Service
Earth Exploration – Satellite Service Handbook Earth Exploration–Satellite Service *36546* Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2011 English Edition 2011 ISBN 92-61-13761-X Radiocommunication Bureau Photo credits: Shutterstock - ITU Handbook THE RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF ITU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Inquiries about radiocommunication matters Please contact: ITU Radiocommunication Bureau Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 5800 Fax: +41 22 730 5785 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.itu.int/itu-r Placing orders for ITU publications Please note that orders cannot be taken over the telephone. They should be sent by fax or e-mail. ITU Sales and Marketing Division Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Fax: +41 22 730 5194 E-mail: [email protected] The Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications ¤ ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Handbook Earth Exploration-Satellite Service English Edition 2011 Radicommunication Bureau THE RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF ITU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. -
Rspg 05 67.Pdf
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Information Society and Media Directorate-General Electronic Communications Policy Radio Spectrum Policy Group RSPG Secretariat Brussels, 4th February 2005 DG INFSO/B4/RSPG Secretariat RSPG05-67 FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY RADIO SPECTRUM POLICY GROUP Subject: Scientific use of radio spectrum – Document submitted by The Netherlands and France Request by France and The Netherlands to the Radio Spectrum Policy Group for an Opinion on a COORDINATED EU SPECTRUM POLICY APPROACH FOR SCIENTIFIC USE OF RADIO SPECTRUM 1. INTRODUCTION Radio spectrum is used for a variety of services and applications, amongst others scientific use of spectrum. Observations and physical measurements that make use of the related frequency bands are essential for a large range of domains, including Radio Astronomy, Space Research, Earth Exploration, Geodesy, Climate research, Meteorological research and Weather forecasting. These applications use frequencies over a wide range of spectrum (sometimes involving only a few kHz, sometimes several GHz) and make use of a variety of radio technologies These applications currently represent considerable public investments at national and European level and do not only sustain fundamental science and research but give economic benefits to the society as a whole and support environmental and public safety policies all around Europe. Many of these scientific activities are organised at a global level and, therefore, spectrum related issues must be considered globally. This applies for radio astronomy and geodesy and is also essential for research related to the understanding of the global climate system and for weather forecasting. The ITU Radio-Regulations are the key-instrument for frequency allocations on a global scale and therefore the scientific community so far has focused its efforts to protect these essential frequencies mainly at global level. -
Preparation for ITU WRC-19 ICAO Position 26Th Meeting of the CAFSAT Network Manageme Committee CNMC/09 Luanda, Angola 03-04
26th Meeting of the CAFSAT Network Manageme Committee CNMC/09 Luanda, Angola 03-04 June 2019 Preparation for ITU WRC-19 ICAO Position François-Xavier SALAMBANGA Regional Officer CNS ICAO WACAF-Dakar CNMC/09 Outline I. Development of the Position II. Main principles used in the development of the Positions III. Dissemination of the position IV. Importance of WRC-15 Agenda Items to ICAO V. Agenda Items - General VI. Agenda for WRC-19 VII. Support of ICAO Position VIII. Regional initiatives IX. Next Steps CNMC/09 Development of the Position . Draft Position developed with assistance of FSMP during 2016 . Reviewed by ICAO Air Navigation Commission (ANC) in November 2016 . Submitted to contracting States and international organizations . Comments were addressed by FSMP at FSMP-WG/4 . Position approved by ICAO Council June 2017 . Likely that future updates will be recommended by FSMP as studies progress CNMC/09 Main principles used in the development of the Positions . To ensure that the ITU Radio Regulations do not compromise the safety of civil aviation . The ITU Radio Regulations shall not be in conflict with ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices . The frequency allocations to aeronautical safety services shall be protected in conformity with internationally agreed requirements; . Changes to frequency allocations need to be supported by adequate studies in the ITU-R Sector or in ICAO, as appropriate CNMC/09 Dissemination of the position . ICAO Sec Gen SL Ref.: E 3/5-17/82 dated 14 July 2017 . ICAO WACAF SL Ref.: TY7/7.9.1-0566 Dated 23 August 2017 . Location: http://www.icao.int/safety/fsmp/documents/ITU- WRC19 CNMC/09 Importance of WRC-15 Agenda Items to ICAO .