§ 2.1 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–04 Edition)

2.943 Submission of equipment for testing. Subpart K—Importation of Devices 2.944 Submission of radio software. Capable of Causing Harmful Interference 2.945 Sampling tests of equipment compli- ance. 2.1201 Purpose. 2.946 Penalty for failure to provide test 2.1202 Exclusions. samples and data. 2.1203 General requirement for entry into 2.947 Measurement procedure. the U.S.A. 2.948 Description of measurement facilities. 2.1204 Import conditions. 2.1205 Filing of required declaration. VERIFICATION 2.1207 Examination of imported equipment. 2.951 Cross reference. 2.952 Limitation on verification. Subpart L [Reserved] 2.953 Responsibility for compliance. 2.954 Identification. Subpart M—Advance Approval of 2.955 Retention of records. Subscription TV Transmission Systems 2.956 FCC inspection and submission of ADVANCE APPROVAL PROCEDURE equipment for testing. 2.1400 Application for advance approval TELECOMMUNICATION CERTIFICATION BODIES under part 73. (TCBS) 2.960 Designation of Telecommunication Subpart N—FCC Procedure for Testing Certification Bodies (TCBs). Class A, B and S Emergency Position 2.962 Requirements for Telecommunication Indicating Radiobeacons (EPIRBs) Certification Bodies. GENERAL CERTIFICATION 2.1501 Introduction. 2.1031 Cross reference. 2.1503 Test environment. 2.1033 Application for certification. 2.1505 Test instrumentation and equipment. 2.1035 [Reserved] 2.1041 Measurement procedure. ENVIRONMENTAL AND OPERATIONAL TEST 2.1043 Changes in certificated equipment. PROCEDURES 2.1046 Measurements required: RF power 2.1507 Test frequencies. output. 2.1509 Environmental and duration tests. 2.1047 Measurements required: Modulation 2.1511 Measurements of radiated emissions. characteristics. 2.1513 Measurements of modulation charac- 2.1049 Measurements required: Occupied teristics. bandwidth. 2.1515 Spectral measurements. 2.1051 Measurements required: Spurious emissions at antenna terminals. DATA RECORDING/REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 2.1053 Measurements required: Field strength of spurious radiation. 2.1517 Data recording/reporting require- 2.1055 Measurements required: Frequency ments. stability. FIGURE 1 TO SUBPART N—MEASUREMENT SITE 2.1057 Frequency spectrum to be inves- FIGURE 2 TO SUBPART N—TYPICAL AUDIO tigated. WAVEFORM 2.1060 Equipment for use in the amateur FIGURE 3 TO SUBPART N—EXAMPLE OF IDEAL radio service. EPIRB SPECTRUM FIGURE 4 TO SUBPART N—EXAMPLE OF EPIRB DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY CARRIER COMPONENT

2.1071 Cross reference. AUTHORITY: 47 U.S.C. 154, 302a, 303, and 336, 2.1072 Limitation on Declaration of Con- unless otherwise noted. formity. 2.1073 Responsibilities. SOURCE: 28 FR 12465, Nov. 22, 1963, unless otherwise noted. 2.1074 Identification. 2.1075 Retention of records. EDITORIAL NOTE: Nomenclature changes to 2.1076 FCC inspection and submission of part 2 appear at 63 FR 54077, Oct. 8, 1998. equipment for testing. 2.1077 Compliance information. Subpart A—Terminology RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION EXPOSURE § 2.1 Terms and definitions. 2.1091 Radiofrequency radiation exposure evaluation: mobile devices. (a) Where a term or definition ap- 2.1093 Radiofrequency radiation exposure pears in this part of the Commission’s evaluation: portable devices. Rules, it shall be the definitive term or

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definition and shall prevail throughout Aeronautical Mobile Route (R) Service. the Commission’s Rules. An aeronautical mobile service re- (b) The source of each definition is served for communications relating to indicated as follows: safety and regularity of flight, pri- marily along national or international CONV—International Telecommunication Con- civil air routes. (RR) vention, Malaga-Torremolinos, 1973. RR—Radio Regulations, Geneva, 1982. Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Off-Route FCC—Federal Communications Commission. (OR) Service. An aeronautical mobile- satellite service intended for commu- (c) The following terms and defini- nications, including those relating to tions are issued: flight coordination, primarily outside Accepted Interference. 1 Interference at national and international civil air a higher level than defined as permis- routes. (RR) sible interference and which has been Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Route (R) agreed upon between two or more ad- Service. An aeronautical mobile-sat- ministrations without prejudice to ellite service reserved for communica- other administrations. (RR) tions relating to safety and regularity Active Satellite. A satellite carrying a of flights, primarily along national or station intended to transmit or re- international civil air routes. (RR) transmit radiocommunication signals. Aeronautical Mobile-Satellite Service. A (RR) mobile-satellite service in which mo- Active Sensor. A measuring instru- bile earth stations are located on board ment in the earth exploration-satellite aircraft; survival craft stations and service or in the space research service emergency position-indicating radio- by means of which information is ob- beacon stations may also participate in tained by transmission and reception this service. (RR) of radio waves. (RR) Aeronautical Mobile Service. A mobile Administration. Any governmental de- service between aeronautical stations partment or service responsible for dis- and aircraft stations, or between air- charging the obligations undertaken in craft stations, in which survival craft the Convention of the International stations may participate; emergency Telecommunication Union and the position-indicating radiobeacon sta- Regulations. (CONV) tions may also participate in this serv- Aeronautical Earth Station. An Earth ice on designated distress and emer- station in the fixed-satellite service, gency frequencies. (RR) or, in some cases, in the aeronautical Aeronautical Radionavigation-Satellite mobile-satellite service, located at a Service. A radionavigation-satellite specified fixed point on land to provide service in which earth stations are lo- a for the aeronautical mo- cated on board aircraft. (RR) bile-satellite service. (RR) Aeronautical Radionavigation Service. Aeronautical Fixed Service. A radio- A radio-navigation service intended for communication service between speci- the benefit and for the safe operation fied fixed points provided primarily for of aircraft. (RR) the safety of air navigation and for the . A in regular, efficient and economical oper- the aeronautical mobile service. ation of air transport. (RR) Aeronautical . A station NOTE: In certain instances, an aeronautical in the aeronautical fixed service. (RR) station may be located, for example, on board ship or on a platform at sea. (RR) Aeronautical Mobile Off-Route (OR) Service. An aeronautical mobile service . A mobile earth intended for communications, includ- station in the aeronautical mobile-sat- ing those relating to flight coordina- ellite service located on board an air- tion, primarily outside national or craft. (RR) international civil air routes. (RR) . A mobile station in the aeronautical mobile service, other 1 The terms permissible interference and ac- than a , located cepted interference are used in the coordina- on board an aircraft. (RR) tion of frequency assignments between ad- Allocation (of a frequency band). Entry ministrations. in the Table of Frequency Allocations

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of a given frequency band for the pur- some cases, in the land mobile-satellite pose of its use by one or more terres- service, located at a specified fixed trial or space radiocommunication point or within a specified area on land services or the radio astronomy service to provide a feeder link for the land under specified conditions. This term mobile-satellite service. (RR) shall also be applied to the frequency . A land station in the band concerned. (RR) land mobile service. (RR) Allotment (of a radio frequency or radio Broadcasting-Satellite Service. A radio- frequency channel). Entry of a des- communication service in which sig- ignated frequency channel in an agreed nals transmitted or retransmitted by plan, adopted by a competent con- space stations are intended for direct ference, for use by one or more admin- reception by the general public. istrations for a terrestrial or space NOTE: In the broadcasting-satellite service, radiocommunication service in one or the term direct reception shall encompass more identified countries or geo- both individual reception and community re- graphical area and under specified con- ception. (RR) ditions. (RR) Broadcasting Service. A radio- Altitude of the Apogee or Perigee. The communication service in which the altitude of the apogee or perigee above transmissions are intended for direct a specified reference surface serving to reception by the general public. This represent the surface of the Earth. service may include sound trans- (RR) missions, television transmissions or Amateur-Satellite Service. A radio- other types of transmission. (CONV) communication service using space Broadcasting Station. A station in the stations on earth satellites for the broadcasting service. (RR) same purposes as those of the amateur Carrier Power (of a radio transmitter). service. (RR) The average power supplied to the an- Amateur Service. A radio- tenna transmission line by a trans- communication service for the purpose mitter during one radio frequency of self-training, intercommunication cycle taken under the condition of no and technical investigations carried modulation. (RR) out by amateurs, that is, by duly au- Characteristic Frequency. A frequency thorized persons interested in radio which can be easily identified and technique solely with a personal aim measured in a given emission. and without pecuniary interest. (RR) Amateur Station. A station in the NOTE: A carrier frequency may, for exam- amateur service. (RR) ple, be designated as the characteristic fre- Assigned Frequency. The centre of the quency. (RR) frequency band assigned to a station. Class of Emission. The set of charac- (RR) teristics of an emission, designated by Assigned Frequency Band. The fre- standard symbols, e.g., type of modula- quency band within which the emission tion, modulating signal, type of infor- of a station is authorized; the width of mation to be transmitted, and also if the band equals the necessary band- appropriate, any additional signal width plus twice the absolute value of characteristics. (RR) the frequency tolerance. Where space . An earth station stations are concerned, the assigned in the fixed-satellite service or, in frequency band includes twice the max- some cases, in the maritime mobile- imum Doppler shift that may occur in satellite service, located at a specified relation to any point of the Earth’s fixed point on land to provide a feeder surface. (RR) link for the maritime mobile-satellite Assignment (of a radio frequency or service. (RR) radio frequency channel). Authorization Coast Station. A land station in the given by an administration for a radio . (RR) station to use a radio frequency or Community Reception (in the broad- radio frequency channel under speci- casting-satellite service). The reception fied conditions. (RR) of emissions from a space station in . An earth station the broadcasting-satellite service by in the fixed-satellite service or, in receiving equipment, which in some

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cases may be complex and have anten- multaneously in both directions of a nae larger than those for individual re- telecommunication channel. 3 (RR) ception, and intended for use: (1) by a Earth Exploration-Satellite Service. A group of the general public at one loca- radiocommunication service between tion; or (2) through a distribution sys- earth stations and one or more space tem covering a limited area. (RR) stations, which may include links be- Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). tween space stations in which: Time scale, based on the second (SI), as (1) Information relating to the char- defined and recommended by the acteristics of the Earth and its natural CCIR, 2 and maintained by the Bureau phenomena is obtained from active International de l’Heure (BIH). sensors or passive sensors on earth sat- ellites; NOTE: For most practical purposes associ- (2) Similar information is collected ated with the Radio Regulations, UTC is equivalent to mean solar time at the prime from air-borne or earth-based plat- meridian (0 degrees longitude), formerly ex- forms; pressed in GMT. (RR) (3) Such information may be distrib- uted to earth stations within the sys- Coordination Area. The area associ- tem concerned; ated with an earth station outside of (4) Platform interrogation may be in- which a terrestrial station sharing the cluded. same frequency band neither causes nor is subject to interfering emissions NOTE: This service may also include feeder greater than a permissible level. (RR) links necesary for its operation. (RR) Coordination Contour. The line enclos- Earth Station. A station located ei- ing the coordination area. (RR) ther on the earth’s surface or within Coordination Distance. Distance on a the major portion of earth’s atmos- given azimuth from an earth station phere and intended for communication: beyond which a terrestrial causes nor (1) With one or more space stations; is subject to interfering emissions or greater than a permissible level. (RR) (2) With one or more stations of the Deep Space. Space at distance from same kind by means of one or more re- the Earth equal to, or greater than, flecting satellites or other objects in 2×106 kilometers. (RR) space. (RR) Differential Global Positioning System Effective Radiated Power (e.r.p) (in a (DGPS) Station. A differential RNSS given direction). The product of the station for specific augmentation of power supplied to the antenna and its GPS. gain relative to a half-wave dipole in a Differential Radionavigation Satellite given direction. (RR) Service (Differential RNSS) Station. A Emergency Position-Indicating Radio- station used for the transmission of beacon Station. A station in the mobile differential correction data and related service the emissions of which are in- information (such as ionospheric data tended to facilitate search and rescue and RNSS satellite integrity informa- operations. (RR) tion) as an augmentation to an RNSS Emission. Radiation produced, or the system for the purpose of improved production of radiation, by a radio navigation accuracy. transmitting station. Direct Sequence Systems. A spread NOTE: For example, the energy radiated by spectrum system in which the carrier the local oscillator of a radio receiver would has been modulated by a high speed not be an emission but a radiation. (RR) spreading code and an information data Equivalent Isotropically Radiated stream. The high speed code sequence Power (e.i.r.p.). The product of the dominates the ‘‘modulating function’’ power suppled to the antenna and the and is the direct cause of the wide antenna gain in a given direction rel- spreading of the transmitted signal. ative to an isotropic antenna. (RR) Duplex Operation. Operating method in which transmission is possible si- 3 In general, duplex operation and semi-du- plex operation require two frequencies in 2 The full definition is contained in CCIR radiocommunication; simplex operation may Recommendation 460–2. use either one or two.

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Equivalent Monopole Radiated Power Frequency Hopping Systems. A spread (e.m.r.p.) (in a given direction). The prod- spectrum system in which the carrier uct of the power supplied to the an- is modulated with the coded informa- tenna and its gain relative to a short tion in a conventional manner causing vertical antenna in a given direction. a conventional spreading of the RF en- (RR) ergy about the frequency carrier. The Equivalent Noise Tem- frequency of the carrier is not fixed but perature. The noise temperature re- changes at fixed intervals under the di- ferred to the output of the receiving rection of a coded sequence. The wide antenna of the earth station cor- RF bandwidth needed by such a system responding to the radio-frequency noise is not required by spreading of the RF power which produces the total ob- energy about the carrier but rather to served noise at the output of the sat- accommodate the range of frequencies ellite link excluding the noise due to to which the carrier frequency can hop. interference coming from satellite The test of a frequency hopping system links using other satellites and from is that the near term distribution of terrestrial systems. (RR) hops appears random, the long term Experimental Station. A station uti- distribution appears evenly distributed lizing radio waves in experiments with over the hop set, and sequential hops a view to the development of science or are randomly distributed in both direc- technique. tion and magnitude of change in the hop set. NOTE: This definition does not include amateur stations. (RR) Frequency-Shift Telegraphy. Teleg- raphy by frequency modulation in Facsimile. A form of telegraphy for which the telegraph signal shifts the the transmission of fixed images, with frequency of the carrier between pre- or without half-tones, with a view to determined values. (RR) their reproduction in a permanent Frequency Tolerance. The maximum form. permissible departure by the centre NOTE: In this definition the term telegraphy frequency of the frequency band occu- has the same general meaning as defined in pied by an emission from the assigned the Convention. (RR) frequency or, by the characteristic fre- Feeder Link. A radio link from an quency of an emission from the ref- earth station at a given location to a erence frequency. space station, or vice versa, conveying NOTE: The frequency tolerance is expressed information for a space radio- in parts in 106 or in hertz. (RR) communication service other than for Full Carrier Single-Sideband Emission. the fixed-satellite service. The given A single-sideband emission without location may be at a specified fixed suppression of the carrier. (RR) point, or at any fixed point within Gain of an Antenna. The ratio, usu- specified areas. (RR) ally expressed in decibels, of the power Fixed-Satellite Service. A radio- required at the input of a loss free ref- communication service between earth erence antenna to the power supplied stations at given positions, when one to the input of the given antenna to or more satellites are used; the given produce, in a given direction, the same position may be a specified fixed point field strength or the same power flux- or any fixed point within specified density at the same distance. When not areas; in some cases this service in- specified otherwise, the gain refers to cludes satellite-to-satellite links, the direction of maximum radiation. which may also be operated in the The gain may be considered for a speci- inter-satellite service; the fixed-sat- fied polarization. ellite service may also include feeder links for other space radio- NOTE: Depending on the choice of the ref- communication services. (RR) erence antenna a distinction is made be- Fixed Service. A radiocommunication tween: (1) Absolute or isotropic gain (Gi), when service between specified fixed points. the reference antenna is an isotropic an- (RR) tenna isolated in space; Fixed Station. A station in the fixed (2) Gain relative to a half-wave dipole (Gd), service. (RR) when the reference antenna is a half-wave

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dipole isolated in space whose equatorial radio-frequency energy for industrial, plane contains the given direction; scientific, medical, domestic or similar (3) Gain relative to a short vertical an- purposes, excluding applications in the tenna (Gv), when the reference antenna is a linear conductor, much shorter than one field of telecommunications. (RR) quarter of the wavelength, normal to the Instrument Landing System (ILS). A surface of a perfectly conducting plane radionavigation system which provides which contains the given direction. (RR) aircraft with horizontal and vertical General Purpose Mobile Service. A mo- guidance just before and during landing bile service that includes all mobile and, at certain fixed points, indicates communications uses including those the distance to the reference point of within the Aeronautical Mobile, Land landing. (RR) Mobile, or the Maritime Mobile Serv- Instrument Landing System Glide Path. ices. A system of vertical guidance em- Geostationary Satellite. A geosynchro- bodied in the instrument landing sys- nous satellite whose circular and direct tem which indicates the vertical devi- orbit lies in the plane of the Earth’s ation of the aircraft from its optimum equator and which thus remains fixed path of descent. (RR) relative to the Earth; by extension, a Instrument Landing System Localizer. satellite which remains approximately A system of horizontal guidance em- fixed relative to the Earth. (RR) bodied in the instrument landing sys- Geostationary Satellite Orbit. The orbit tem which indicates the horizontal de- in which a satellite must be placed to viation of the aircraft from its opti- be a geostationary satellite. (RR) mum path of descent along the axis of Geosynchronous Satellite. An Earth the runway. (RR) satellite whose period of revolution is Interference. The effect of unwanted equal to the period of rotation of the energy due to one or a combination of Earth about its axis. (RR) emissions, radiations, or inductions Harmful Interference 4. Interference upon reception in a radio- which endangers the functioning of a communication system, manifested by radionavigation service or of other any performance degradation, mis- safety services or seriously degrades, interpretation, or loss of information obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a which could be extracted in the ab- radiocommunication service operating sence of such unwanted energy. (RR) in accordance with these [inter- Inter-Satellite Service. A national] Radio Regulations. (RR) radiocommunication service providing Hybrid Spread Spectrum Systems. Hy- links between artificial satellites. (RR) brid spread spectrum systems are those which use combinations of two or more Ionospheric Scatter. The propagation types of direct sequence, frequency of radio waves by scattering as a result hopping, time hopping and pulsed FM of irregularities or discontinuities in modulation in order to achieve their the ionization of the ionosphere. (RR) wide occupied bandwidths. . An earth station Inclination of an Orbit (of an earth sat- in the fixed-satellite service or, in ellite). The angle determined by the some cases, in the mobile-satellite plane containing the orbit and the service, located at a specified fixed plane of the Earth’s equator. (RR) point or within a specified area on land Individual Reception (in the broad- to provide a feeder link for the mobile- casting-satellite service). The reception satellite service. (RR) of emissions from a space station in Land . A mobile the broadcasting-satellite service by earth station in the land mobile-sat- simple domestic installations and in ellite service capable of surface move- particular those possessing small an- ment within the geographical limits of tennae. (RR) a country or continent. (RR) Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Land Mobile-Satellite Service. A mo- (of radio frequency energy) Applications. bile-satellite service in which mobile Operation of equipment or appliances earth stations are located on land. designed to generate and use locally (RR) Land Mobile Service. A mobile service 4 See Resolution 68 of the Radio Regulations. between base stations and land mobile

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stations, or between land mobile sta- W. (Burwash Landing), thence by great tions. (RR) circle arc to the intersection of 60°45′ . A mobile station N., 135° W., thence by great circle arc in the land mobile service capable of to the intersection of 56° N., 128° W., surface movement within the geo- thence south along 128° meridian to graphical limits of a country or con- Lat. 55° N., thence by great circle arc tinent. to the intersection of 54° N., 130° W., Land Station. A station in the mobile thence by great circle arc to Port service not intended to be used while in Clements, thence to the Pacific Ocean motion. (RR) where it ends. (FCC) Left-Hand (or Anti-Clockwise) Polarized Maritime Mobile-Satellite Service. A Wave. An elliptically or circularly-po- mobile-satellite service in which mo- larized wave, in fixed plane, normal to bile earth stations are located on board the direction of propagation, whilst ships; survival craft stations and emer- looking in the direction of propagation, gency position-indicating radiobeacon rotates with time in a left hand or stations may also participate in this anti-clockwise direction. (RR) service. (RR) Line A. Begins at Aberdeen, Wash- Maritime Mobile Service. A mobile ington running by great circle arc to service between coast stations and ship the intersection of 48° N., 120° W., stations, or between ship stations, or thence along parallel 48° N., to the between associated on-board commu- intersection of 95° W., thence by great nication stations; survival craft sta- circle arc through the southernmost tions and emergency position-indi- point of Duluth, Minn., thence by great cating radiobeacon stations may also circle arc to 45° N., 85° W., thence participate in this service. (RR) southward along meridian 85° W., to its Maritime Radionavigation-Satellite intersection with parallel 41° N., thence Service. A radionavigation-satellite along parallel 41° N., to its intersection service in which earth stations are lo- with meridian 82° W., thence by great cated on board ships. (RR) circle arc through the southernmost Maritime Radionavigation Service. A point of Bangor, Maine, thence by radionavigation service intended for great circle arc through the southern- the benefit and for the safe operation most point of Searsport, Maine, at of ships. (RR) which point it terminates. (FCC) . A transmitter in the Line B. Begins at Tofino, B.C., run- aeronautical radionavigation service ning by great circle arc to the intersec- which radiates vertically a distinctive tion of 50° N., 125° W., thence along par- pattern for providing position informa- allel 50° N., to the intersection of 90° tion to aircraft. (RR) W., thence by great circle arc to the Mean Power (of a radio transmitter). intersection of 45° N., 79°30′ W., thence The average power supplied to the an- by great circle arc through the north- tenna transmission line by a trans- ernmost point of Drummondville, Que- mitter during an interval of time suffi- bec (Lat. 45°52′ N., Long 72°30′ W.), ciently long compared with the lowest thence by great circle arc to 48°30′ N., frequency encountered in the modula- 70° W., thence by great circle arc tion taken under normal operating through the northernmost point of conditions. (RR) Compbellton, N.B., thence by great cir- Meteorological Aids Service. A radio- cle are through the northernmost point communication service used for mete- of Liverpool, N.S., at which point it orological, including hydrological, ob- terminates. (FCC) servation and exploration. (RR) Line C. Begins at the intersection of Meteorological-Satellite Service. An 70° N., 144° W., thence by great circle earth exploration-satellite service for arc to the intersection of 60° N., 143° meteorological purposes. (RR) W., thence by great circle arc so as to Mobile Earth Station. An earth station include all of the Alaskan Panhandle. in the mobile-satellite service intended (FCC) to be used while in motion or during Line D. Begins at the intersection of halts at unspecified points. (RR) 70° N., 138° W., thence by great circle Mobile-Satellite Service. A radio- arc to the intersection of 61°20′ N., 139° communication service:

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(1) Between mobile earth stations handling and mooring instructions. and one or more space stations, or be- (RR) tween space stations used by this serv- Orbit. The path, relative to a speci- ice; or fied frame of reference, described by (2) Between mobile earth stations by the centre of mass of a satellite or means of one or more space stations. other object in space subjected pri- marily to natural forces, mainly the NOTE: This service may also include feeder links necessary for its operation. (RR) force of gravity. (RR) Out-of-band Emission. Emission on a Mobile Service. A radiocommunication frequency or frequencies immediately service between mobile and land sta- outside the necessary bandwidth which tions, or between mobile stations. results from the modulation process, (CONV) but excluding spurious emissions. (RR) Mobile Station. A station in the mo- Passive Sensor. A measuring instru- bile service intended to be used while ment in the earth exploration-satellite in motion or during halts at unspec- service or in the space research service ified points. (RR) by means of which information is ob- Multi-Satellite Link. A radio link be- tained by reception of radio waves of tween a transmitting earth station and natural origin. (RR) a receiving earth station through two Peak Envelope Power (of a radio trans- or more satellites, without any inter- mitter). The average power supplied to mediate earth station. the antenna transmission line by a NOTE: A multisatellite link comprises one transmitter during one radio frequency up-link, one or more satellite-to-satellite cycle at the crest of the modulation en- links and one down-link. (RR) velope taken under normal operating Necessary Bandwidth. For a given conditions. (RR) class of emission, the width of the fre- Period (of a satellite). The time elaps- ing between two consecutive passages quency band which is just sufficient to of a satellite through a characteristic ensure the transmission of information point on its orbit. (RR) at the rate and with the quality re- Permissible Interference. Observed or quired under specified conditions. (RR) predicted interference which complies Non-Voice, Non-Geostationary Mobile- with quantitative interference and Satellite Service. A mobile-satellite serv- sharing criteria contained in these ice reserved for use by non-geo- [international Radio] Regulations or in stationary satellites in the provision of CCIR Recommendations or in special non-voice communications which may agreements as provided for in these include satellite links between land Regulations. (RR) earth stations at fixed locations. Port Operations Service. A maritime Occupied Bandwidth. The width of a mobile service in or near a port, be- frequency band such that, below the tween coast stations and ship stations, lower and above the upper frequency or between ship stations, in which mes- limits, the mean powers emitted are sages are restricted to those relating to each equal to a specified percentage the operational handling, the move- Beta/2 of the total mean power of a ment and the safty of ships and, in given emission. emergency, to the safety of persons.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified by the NOTE: Messages which are of a public cor- CCIR for the appropriate class of emission, respondence nature shall be excluded from the value of Beta/2 should be taken as 0.5%. this service. (RR) (RR) . A coast station in the On-Board Communication Station. A port operations service. (RR) low-powered mobile station in the mar- Power. Whenever the power of a radio itime mobile service intended for use transmitter, etc. is referred to it shall for internal communications on board be expressed in one of the following a ship, or between a ship and its life- forms, according to the class of emis- boats and life-rafts during lifeboat sion, using the arbitrary symbols indi- drills or operations, or for communica- cated: tion within a group of vessels being (1) Peak envelope power (PX or pX); towed or pushed, as well as for line (2) Mean power (PY or pY);

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(3) Carrier power (PZ or pZ). Radio. A general term applied to the use of radio waves. (CONV) NOTE 1: For different classes of emission, the relationships between peak envelope Radio Altimeter. Radionavigation power, mean power and carrier power, under equipment, on board an aircraft or the conditions of normal operation and of no spacecraft or the spacecraft above the modulation, are contained in CCIR Rec- Earth’s surface or another surface. ommendations which may be used as a guide. (RR) NOTE 2: For use in formulae, the symbol Radio Astronomy. Astronomy based on ‘‘p’’ denotes power expressed in watts and the reception of radio waves of cosmic the symbol ‘‘P’’ denotes power expressed in decibels relative to a reference level. (RR) origin. (RR) Radio Astronomy Service. A service in- Primary . A radiodetermination volving the use of radio astronomy. system based on the comparison of ref- (RR) erence signals with radio signals re- Radio Astronomy Station. A station in flected from the position to be deter- the radio astronomy service. (RR) mined. (RR) Radiobeacon Station. A station in the Protection Ratio. The minimum value radionavigation service the emissions of the wanted-to-unwanted signal of which are intended to enable a mo- ratio, usually expressed in decibels, at bile station to determine its bearing or the receiver input determined under direction in relation to radiobeacon specified conditions such that a speci- station. (RR) fied reception quality of the wanted Radiocommunication. Telecommuni- signal is achieved at the receiver out- cation by means of radio waves. put. (RR) (CONV) Public Correspondence. Any tele- Radiocommunication Service. A service communication which the offices and as defined in this Section involving the stations must, by reason of their being transmission, emission and/or recep- at the disposal of the public, accept for tion of radio waves for specific tele- transmission. (CONV) communication purposes. Pulsed FM Systems. A pulsed FM sys- tem is a spread spectrum system in NOTE: In these [international] Radio Regu- which a RF carrier is modulated with a lations, unless otherwise stated, any radio- fixed period and fixed duty cycle se- communication service relates to terrestrial radiocommunication. (RR) quence. At the beginning of each trans- mitted pulse, the carrier frequency is Radiodetermination. The determina- frequency modulated causing an addi- tion of the position, velocity and/or tional spreading of the carrier. The other characteristics of an object, or pattern of the frequency modulation the obtaining of information relating will depend upon the spreading func- to these parameters, by means of the tion which is chosen. In some systems propagation properties of radio waves. the spreading function is a linear FM (RR) chirp sweep, sweeping either up or Radiodetermination-Satellite Service. A down in frequency. radiocommunication service for the Radar. A radiodetermination system purpose of radiodetermination involv- based on the comparison of reference ing the use or one of more space sta- signals with radio signals reflected, or tions. This service may also include retrainsmitted, from the position to be feeder links necessary for its own oper- determined. (RR) ation. (RR) (RACON). A trans- Radiodetermination Service. A radio- mitter-receiver associated with a fixed communication service for the purpose navigational mark which, when trig- of radiodetermination. (RR) gered by a radar, automatically re- Radiodetermination Station. A station turns a distinctive signal which can ap- in the radiodetermination serviice. pear on the display of the triggering (RR) radar, providing range, bearing and Radio Direction-Finding. Radio- identification information. (RR) determination using the reception of Radiation. The outward flow of en- radio waves for the purpose of deter- ergy from any source in the form of mining the direction of a station or ob- radio waves. (RR) ject. (RR)

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Radio Direction-Finding Station. A Radiotelex Call. A telex call, origi- radiodetermination station using radio nating in or intended for a mobile sta- direction-finding. (RR) tion or a mobile earth station, trans- Radiolocation. Radiodetermination mitted on all or part of its route over used for purposes other than those of the radiocommunication channels of radionavigation. (RR) the mobile service or the mobile-sat- Radiolocation Land Station. A station ellite service. (RR) in the radiolocation service not in- Radio Waves or Hertzian Waves. Elec- tended to be used while in motion. (RR) tromagnetic waves of frequencies arbi- Radiolocation Mobil Station. A station trarily lower than 3,000 GHz, propa- in the radiolocation service intended to gated in space without aritificial be used while in motion or during halts guide. (RR) at unspecified points. (RR) Reduced Carrier Single-Sideband Emis- Radiolocation Service. A radio- sion. A single-sideband emission in determination service for the purpose which the degree of carrier suppession of radiolocation. (RR) enables the carrier to be reconstrituted Radionavigation. Radiodetermination and to be used for demodulation. (RR) used for the purposes of navigation, in- Reference Frequency. A frequency hav- cluding obstruction warning. ing a fixed and specified position with Radionavigation Land Station. A sta- respect to the assigned frequency. The tion in the radionavigation service not displacement of this frequency with re- intended to be used while in motion. spect to the assigned frequency has the (RR) same absolute value and sign that the Radionavigation Mobile Station. A sta- displacement of the characteristic fre- tion in the radionavigation service in- quency has with respect to the centre tended to be used while in motion or of the frequency band occupied by the during halts at unspecified points. (RR) emission. (RR) Radionavigation-Satellite Service. A Reflecting Satellite. A satellite in- radiodetermination-satellite service tended to reflect radiocommunication used for the purpose of radio- signals. (RR) navigation. This service may also in- Right-Hand (or Clockwise) Polarized clude feeder links necessary for its op- Wave. An Elliptically or circularly-po- eration. (RR) larized wave, in which the electric field Radionavigation Service. A radiod- vector, observed in any fixed plane, etermination service for the purpose of normal to the direction of propagation, radionavigation. (RR) whilst looking in the direction of prop- . An automatic radio agation, rotates with time in a right- transmitter in the meteorological aids hand or clockwise direction. (RR) service usually carried on an aircraft, Safety Service. Any radio- free ballon, kite or parachute, and communication service used perma- which transmits meteorological data. nently or temporarily for the safe- (RR) guarding of human life and property. Radiotelegram. A telegram, origi- (CONV) nating in or intended for a mobile sta- Satellite. A body which revolves tion or a mobile earth station trans- around another body of preponderant mitted on all or part of its route over mass and which has a motion primarily the radiocommunication channels of and permanently determined by the the mobile service or of the mobile-sat- force of attraction of that other body. ellite service. (RR) (RR) Radiotelemetry. Telemetry by means Satellite Link. A radio link between a of radio waves. (RR) transmitting earth station and a re- Radiotelephone Call. A telephone call, ceiving earth station through one sat- originating in or intended for a mobile ellite. A satellite link comprises one station or a mobile earth station, up-link and one down-link. (RR) transmitted on all or part of its route Satellite Network. A satellite system over the radiocommunication channels or a part of a satellite system, con- of the mobile service or of the mobile- sisting of only one satellite and the co- satellite service. (RR) operating earth stations. (RR)

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Satellite System. A space system using Space Operation Service. A radio- one or more artificial earth satellites. communication service concerned ex- (RR) clusively with the operation of space- Secondary Radar. A radiodetermin- craft, in particular space tracking, ation system based on the comparison space telemetry, and space tele- of reference signals with radio signals command. retransmitted from the position to be NOTE: These functions will normally be determined. (RR) provided within the service in which the Semi-Duplex Operation. A method space station is operating. (RR) which is simplex operation at one end Space Radiocommunication. Any radio- of the circuit and duplex operation at communication involving the use of 3 the other. (RR) one or more space stations or the use . A mobile earth of one or more reflecting satellites or station in the maritime mobile-sat- other objects in space. (RR) ellite service located on board ship. Space Research Service. A radio- (RR) communication service in which space- Ship Movement Service. A safety serv- craft or other objects in space are used ice in the maritime mobile service for scientific or technological research other than a port operations service, purposes. (RR) between coast stations and ship sta- Space Station. A station located on an tions, or between ship stations, in object which is beyond, is intended to which messages are restricted to those go beyond, or has been beyond, the relating to the movement of ships. major portion of the Earth’s atmos- Messages which are of a public cor- phere. (RR) respondence nature shall be excluded Space System. Any group of cooper- from this service. (RR) ating Earth stations and/or space sta- Ship’s Emergency Transmitter. A ship’s tions employing space radio- transmitter to be used exclusively on a communication for specific purposes. distress frequency for distress, urgency (RR) or safety purposes. (RR) Space Telecommand. The use of radio- . A mobile station in the communication for the transmission of maritime mobile service located on signals to a space station to initiate, board a vessel which is not perma- modify or terminate functions of nently moored, other than a survival equipment on a space object, incuding craft station. (RR) the space station. (RR) Simplex Operation. Operating method Space Telemetry. The use of telemetry in which transmission is made possible for transmission for a space station of alternatively in each direction of a results of measurements made in a telecommunication channel, for exam- spacecraft, including those relating to ple, by means of manual control. 5 (RR) the functioning of the spacecraft. (RR) Single-Sideband Emission. An ampli- Space Tracking. Determination of the tude modulated emission with one side- orbit, velocity or instanteneous posi- band only. (RR) tion of an object in space by means of radiodetermination, excluding primary Software defined radio. A radio that radar, for the purpose of following the includes a transmitter in which the op- movement of the object. (RR) erating parameters of frequency range, Special Service. A radio- modulation type or maximum output communication service, not otherwise power (either radiated or conducted) defined in this Section, carried on ex- can be altered by making a change in clusively for specific needs of general software without making any changes utility, and not open to public cor- to hardware components that affect respondence. (RR) the radio frequency emissions. Spread Spectrum Systems. A spread Spacecraft. A man-made vehicle spectrum system is an information which is intended to go beyond the bearing communications system in major portion of the Earth’s atmos- which: (1) Information is conveyed by phere. (RR) modulation of a carrier by some con- ventional means, (2) the bandwidth is 5 (See footnote under Duplex Operations.) deliberately widened by means of a

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spreading function over that which Telecommand. The use of tele- would be needed to transmit the infor- communication for the transmission of mation alone. (In some spread spec- signals to initiate, modify or terminate trum systems, a portion of the infor- functions of equipment at a distance. mation being conveyed by the system (RR) may be contained in the spreading Telecommunication. Any transmission, function.) emission or reception of signs, signals, Spurious Emission. Emission on a fre- writing, images and sounds or intel- quency or frequencies which are out- ligence of any nature by wire, radio, side the necessary bandwidth and the optical or other electromagnetic sys- level of which may be reduced without tems. (CONV) affecting the corresponding trans- Telegram. Written matter intended to mission of information. Spurious emis- be transmitted by telegraphy for deliv- sions include harmonic emissions, ery to the addressee. This term also in- parasitic emissions, intermodulation cludes radiotelegrams unless otherwise products and frequency conversion specified. products, but exclude out-of-band emis- sions. (RR) NOTE: In this definition the term telegraphy has the same general meaning as defined in Standard Frequency and Time Signal- the Convention. (CONV) Satellite Service. A radiocommunication service using space stations on earth Telegraphy. A form of telecommuni- satellites for the same purposes as cation which is concerned in any proc- those of the standard frequency and ess providing transmission and repro- time signal service. duction at a distance of documentary matter, such as written or printed mat- NOTE: This service may also include feeder ter or fixed images, or the reproduction links necessary for its operation. (RR) at a distance of any kind of informa- Standard Frequency and Time Signal tion in such a form. For the purposes of Service. A radiocommunication service the [international] Radio Regulations, for scientific, technical and other pur- unless otherwise specified therein, te- poses, providing the transmission of legraphy shall mean a form of tele- specified frequencies, time signals, or communication for the transmission of both, of stated high precision, intended written matter by the use of a signal for general reception. (RR) code. 6 (RR) Standard Frequency and Time Signal Telemetry. The use of telecommuni- Station. A station in the standard fre- cation for automatical indicating or quency and time signal service. (RR) recording measurements at a distance Station. One or more transmitters or from the measuring instrument. (RR) receivers or a combination of transmit- Telephony. A form of telecommuni- ters and receivers, including the acces- cation set up for the transmission of sory equipment, necessary at one loca- speech or, in some cases, other tion for carrying on a radio- sounds. 7 (RR) communication service, or the radio Television. A form of telecommuni- astronomy service. cation for the transmission of tran- sient images of fixed or moving ob- NOTE: Each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently jects. (RR) or temporarily. (RR) Terrestrial Radiocommunication. Any radiocommunication other than space Suppressed Carrier Single-Sideband radiocommunication or radio astron- Emission. A single-sideband emission in omy. (RR) which the carrier is virtually sup- Terrestrial Station. A station effecting pressed and not intended to be used for terrestrial radiocommunication. demodulation. (RR) Survival Craft Station. A mobile sta- NOTE: In these [international Radio] Regu- tion in the maritime mobile service or lations, unless otherwise stated, any station the aeronautical mobile service in- is a terrestrial station. (RR) tended solely for survival purposes and located on any lifeboat, life-raft or 6 (See footnote under Harmful Interference) other survival equipment. (RR) 7 (See footnote under Harmful Interference)

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Time Hopping Systems. A time hopping Band No. Frequency subdivision Frequency range system is a spread spectrum system in 10 ...... SHF (super high fre- 3 to 30 GHz. which the period and duty cycle of a quency). pulsed RF carrier are varied in a 11 ...... EHF (extremely high 30 to 300 GHz pseudorandom manner under the con- frequency). trol of a coded sequence. Time hopping 12 ...... 300 to 3000 GHz. is often used effectively with frequency hopping to form a hybrid time-division, § 2.102 Assignment of frequencies. multiple-access (TDMA) spread spec- (a) Except as otherwise provided in trum system. this section, the assignment of fre- Transponder. A transmitter-receiver quencies and bands of frequencies to all facility the function of which is to stations and classes of stations and the transmit signals automatically when licensing and authorizing of the use of the proper interrogation is received. all such frequencies between 9 kHz and (FCC) 400 GHz, and the actual use of such fre- Tropospheric Scatter. The propagation quencies for radiocommunication or of radio waves by scattering as a result for any other purpose, including the of irregularities or discontinuities in transfer of energy by radio, shall be in the physical properties of the tropo- accordance with the Table of Fre- sphere. (RR) quency Allocations in § 2.106. Unwanted Emissions. Consist of spu- (b) On the condition that harmful in- rious emissions and out-of-band emis- terference will not be caused to serv- sions. (RR) ices operating in accordance with the [49 FR 2368, Jan. 19, 1984, as amended at 50 Table of Frequency Allocations the fol- FR 25239, June 18, 1985; 51 FR 37399, Oct. 22, lowing exceptions to paragraph (a) of 1986; 52 FR 7417, Mar. 11, 1987; 54 FR 49980, this section may be authorized: Dec. 4, 1990; 55 FR 28761, July 13, 1990; 56 FR (1) In individual cases the Commis- 42703, Aug. 29, 1991; 58 FR 68058, Dec. 23, 1993; sion may, without rule making pro- 62 FR 26242, May 13, 1997; 65 FR 60109, Oct. 10, 2000; 66 FR 50840, Oct. 5, 2001; 68 FR 74330, ceedings, authorize on a temporary Dec. 23, 2004] basis only, the use of frequencies not in accordance with the Table of Fre- Subpart B—Allocation, Assign- quency Allocations for projects of short duration or emergencies where ment, and Use of Radio Fre- the Commission finds that important quencies or exceptional circumstances require such utilization. Such authorizations SOURCE: 49 FR 2373, Jan. 19, 1984, unless are not intended to develop a service to otherwise noted. be operated on frequencies other than those allocated such service. § 2.100 International regulations in force. (2) A station for the development of techniques or equipment to be em- The International ployed by services set forth in column Radiocommunication Union Radio Reg- 5 of the Table of Frequency Allocations ulations, Edition of 2001, became effec- may be authorized the use of fre- tive internationally on January 1, 2002, quencies allocated to those services or except as provided in the references in classes of stations. Article 59. (3) Experimental stations pursuant to [67 FR 59601, Sept. 23, 2002] part 5, may be authorized the use of any frequency or frequency band not § 2.101 Nomenclature of frequencies. exclusively allocated to the passive services (including the Radio Astron- Band No. Frequency subdivision Frequency range omy Service). 4 ...... VLF (very low fre- Below 30 kHz. (4) In the event a band is reallocated quency). so as to delete its availability for use 5 ...... LF (low frequency) ...... 30 to 300 kHz. 6 ...... MF (medium frequency) 300 to 3000 kHz. by a particular service, the Commis- 7 ...... HF (high frequency) ..... 3 to 30 MHz. sion may provide for the further in- 8 ...... VHF (very high fre- 30 to 300 MHz. terim use of the band by stations in quency). 9 ...... UHF (ultra high fre- 300 to 3000 MHz. that service for a temporary, specific quency). period of time.

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