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Thèse De Doctorat ALI AROUS S.Pdf الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية REPUBLIQUE ALGERIENNE DEMOCRATIQUE ET POPULAIRE وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE جامعة عبد الحميد ابن باديس مستغانم UNIVERSITE ABDELHAMID IBN BADIS DE MOSTAGANEM Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Département des Sciences Agronomiques Thèse en vue de l’obtention de diplôme de doctorat 3ème cycle (DOCTORAT/LMD) Domaine : Sciences de la nature et de la vie Filière : Sciences agronomiques Spécialité : Productions agricoles et développement agricole durable Option : Protection des végétaux Présentée par M. ALI AROUS Samir Thème B Rôle des pucerons dans la propagation du virus de la Tristeza (CTV) responsable du dépérissement rapide des agrumes dans le moyen Chlef et identification des biotypes vecteurs Soutenue le : devant le jury composé de : des souches virulentes. Président : DJIBAOUI Rachid Pr. Université de Mostaganem Directrice de thèse: GUENAOUI Yamina Pr. Université de Mostaganem Co-Directeur de thèse: DJELOUAH Khaled Dr. CIHEAM de Bari. Italie Examinateur : Examinateur : Année universitaire: 2019/2020 Dédicaces ........................................................................................................................................................... v Remerciements................................................................................................................................................. vi vii .............................................................................................................................................................. الم ّلخص Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... viii Résumé ............................................................................................................................................................. ix Liste des Tableaux.............................................................................................................................................. x Liste des Figures ............................................................................................................................................... xi Liste des annexes ............................................................................................................................................ xiv Liste des abréviations ...................................................................................................................................... xv 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 18 2 DONNÉES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES ................................................................................................. 21 2.1 Historique des agrumes ............................................................................................................................ 21 2.2 Taxonomie ............................................................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Importance économique .......................................................................................................................... 22 À l’échelle mondiale ................................................................................................................................ 22 À l'échelle du Bassin méditerranéen ....................................................................................................... 23 Importance de l’agrumiculture en Algérie............................................................................................... 24 Situation dans la plaine de Chlef ............................................................................................................. 25 2.4 Les contraintes de l'agrumiculture au niveau de la plaine de Chlef ........................................................... 26 Les contraintes abiotiques ....................................................................................................................... 26 Problème du manque d’eau ................................................................................................................ 26 Sols calcaires ........................................................................................................................................ 27 Contraintes structurelles et économiques .......................................................................................... 27 Réchauffement climatique et ses conséquences ................................................................................ 28 Les contraintes biotiques ......................................................................................................................... 28 2.5 Intérêt du porte-greffes ............................................................................................................................ 29 Apport du porte-greffe ............................................................................................................................ 29 Critères de choix d’un porte-greffe ......................................................................................................... 29 Les principaux porte-greffes des agrumes .............................................................................................. 31 Le bigaradier ........................................................................................................................................ 31 2.6 Origine de la maladie virale Tristeza ......................................................................................................... 32 Histoire de la Tristeza en Algérie ............................................................................................................. 34 Caractéristiques de l’agent causal ........................................................................................................... 35 Gamme de plantes hôtes ......................................................................................................................... 36 2.7 Symptômes .............................................................................................................................................. 36 Le dépérissement .................................................................................................................................... 37 Le bois strié (stem pitting SP) .................................................................................................................. 38 La jaunisse des jeunes plants (Seedling Yellowing SY) ............................................................................. 39 Conséquences indirectes du CTV ............................................................................................................. 39 2.8 Relation entre les génotypes du CTV et les symptômes ............................................................................ 39 i 2.9 Agents de transmission et épidémiologie du CTV ..................................................................................... 40 Transmission du CTV................................................................................................................................ 40 Épidémiologie de la Tristeza .................................................................................................................... 41 2.10 Les pucerons ............................................................................................................................................. 43 Systématique ........................................................................................................................................... 43 Cycles de développement ....................................................................................................................... 43 Les principaux pucerons des agrumes ..................................................................................................... 45 Aphis gossypi (Glover 1877) ............................................................................................................ 45 Aphis spiraecola (Patch 1934) .......................................................................................................... 47 Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe 1841) .......................................................................... 48 Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy 1907) ................................................................................................ 49 2.11 Interaction virus-puceron vecteur ............................................................................................................ 51 Transmission non-persistante des virus par les pucerons ....................................................................... 51 Transmission persistante des virus par les pucerons .............................................................................. 51 Transmission semi-persistante des virus par les pucerons ..................................................................... 51 2.12 Problématique taxonomique du genre Aphis ........................................................................................... 54 2.13 Le génome du CTV ...................................................................................................................................
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