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A Revision of the Tribe Macrosiphini of Japan (Homoptera : Aphididae, Aphidinae)

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A Revision of the Tribe Macrosiphini of Japan (Homoptera : Aphididae, Aphidinae) Title A REVISION OF THE TRIBE MACROSIPHINI OF JAPAN (HOMOPTERA : APHIDIDAE, APHIDINAE) Author(s) Miyazaki, Masahisa Citation Insecta matsumurana, 34(1), 1-247 Issue Date 1971-12 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/9767 Type bulletin (article) File Information 34(1)_p1-247.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP A REVISION OF THE TRIBE MACROSIPHINI OF JAPAN (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE, APHIDINAE)* By MASAHISA MIYAZAKI Entomological Institute, Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University, Sapporo Introduction The Macrosiphini constitute a large group of aphids, being represented by more than 1000 described species in the world. This group is considered to be of rather recent origin and it seems that explosive evolution is in progress in this group even at present. The species are highly divergent in both morphology and biology. Insofar as their habits are known, the species of this tribe live on vast kinds of dicotyledons and monocotyledons. Furthermore, some species are found on conifers, ferns and mosses. So far as the primary hosts are concerned, however, it is known that the main body of this tribe is primarily associated with Rosaceae. From the economic point of view, the Macrosiphini are of great importance, including many serious pests of economic plants. They interfere with the growth of host plants by the removal of sap and, in addition, often cause serious damages by transmitting various plant-viruses. For instance, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Acyrthasiphan salemi (Kaltenbach) are counted among the worst pests of various kinds of growing crops and garden-plants, disseminating about 100 and 35 different sorts of plant virus diseases respectively. The taxonomic studies on the Macrosiphini of Japan have been made mainly by Takahashi, Matsumura,. Hori, Shinji and Moritsu. Since 1964, I have made a taxonomic study on aphids and the main purpose of the present paper is to review and arrange the members of the tribe Macrosiphini occurring in Japan according to the recent taxonomic knowledge. In this paper will be given 240 species, of which 26 are new to science and 13 new to Japan. Furthermore, 3 new genera are described. All the types of the new species described herein are deposited in the collection of the Ento­ mological Institute, Hokkaido University. Before going further, I wish to express my cordial thanks to Prof. C. Watanabe of the Hokkaido University for his continuous kind guidance and encouragement in the course of the study. I am especially obliged to Dr. D. Hille Ris Lambers of Ben­ nekom, Netherlands, and Dr. V. F. Eastop of the British Museum for the valuable specimens for comparison and literature and for their helpful opinions. Many thanks are also due to Dr. M. Moritsu of the Yamaguchi University, Dr. M. Sorin of the Kogakukan University, Dr. W. H. Paik of the Seoul National University and Dr. C. C .. Tao of the Taiwan Agric,dtural Research Institute for their kind help in various ways. * This paper comprises part of a thesis submitted to the Hokkaido University in part fulfill­ ment of the requirements for the degrtoe of Doctor of Agriculture. [Insecta Matsumurana, Vol. 34, No.1, 1-247 1971] 1 I am indebted to Dr. K. Ito of the Hokkaido University for his kindness in identifying the host plants. Acknowledgements are made to Dr. T. Tanaka of the Utsunomiya University, Dr. H. Higuchi of the Hokkaido University and Dr. H. Takada of the Kyoto Prefectural University for their kindness in offering valuable specimens. Systematics Family Aphididae Subfamily Aphidinae Tribe Macrosiphini The Aphidinae are divided into 2 tribes, Macrosiphini and Aphidini. The Macrosi­ phini are distinguished from the Aphidini in having the 1st and 2nd abdominal spiracles situated closely to each other and by the 1st and 7th abdominal segments wanting marginal tubercles; if the marginal tubercles are pre;.ent on the 1st abdominal segment, then they are placed much dorsally to the spiracles. In the course of the present study have been known to occur in Japan 74 genera, which may be distinguished by the following key. Key to the genera 1* 1 Siphunculus reticulated at apex. Key II Siphunculus not reticulated at apex. 2 2 (1) Cauda broadly round or semicircular. Key III Cauda conical, tongue-shaped or pentagonal. 3 3 (2) Prothorax with 4 setae dorso-mesially. Key IV Pro thorax with 2 setae dorso-mesially or with many dorsal setae arranged irregularly. 4 4 (3) Antennal tubercles undeveloped, if developed then median tubercle of head conspicuous, about as high as antenna I tubercles. ............ _ . Key V Antennal tubercles developed, though very low in some genera; median tubercle of head, if any, lower than antenna I tubercles. 5 5 (4) Antenna without secondary rhinaria on 3rd segment. Key VI Antenna with secondary rhinaria on 3rd segment. 6 6 (5) Head always scabrous at least ventrally; antennal tubercles gibbous or protruding inward at inner apex. .. ..... Key VII Head smooth or scabrous; antennal tubercles diverging or parallel, rarely slightly con- verging at inner sides. .. ............ ........... Key VIII. Key to the genera II 1 Head granulated; antenna I tubercles converging at inner sides. On Polygonum. 40. Myzosiphum Tao Head smooth or spinulated; antennal tubercles not converging at inner sides. 2 2 (1) Siphunculus swollen. ...................... 3 Siphunculus cylindrical. 4 3 (2) Spiracular sclerites of thorax strongly produced, with opening very large and round. Siphunculus slender, paler than cauda basally. On Aconitum & Delphinium . ..... .. 8. Delphiniobill1n Mordvilko Spiracular sclerites of thorax not strongly produced, with opening of normal size. Siphunculus stout, barrel-shaped or strongly attenuated apically, wholly black as well as cauda. On * In this paper, keys are based on the apterous viviparous females unless otherwise stated. 2 Staphylea & Hemerocallis. .....••...... 9. Indomegoura Hille Ris Lambers 4 (2) Head densely spinulous over dorsum and venter. Antenna without secondary rhinaria. Cauda shortly triangular, with a constriction at middle. On ferns. 21. Macromyzus Takahashi Head very sparsely spinulous or smooth at least dorsally. Antenna with secondary rhinaria. Cauda elongate. 5 5(4) First tarsal chaetotaxy 3 : 3 : 3. ..... 6 First tarsal chaetotaxy 4 : 4 : 4 or 5 : 5 : 5. 10 6 (5) Head spinulated dorsally and ventrally; median tubercle as high as antennal tubercle; front shallowly W-shaped. Antenna with only 1 rhinarium on 3rd segment. Abdomen with scleroites at base of dorsal setae. On Limonium. 7. Staticobium Mordvilko Head smooth at least dorsally; median tubercle, if any, much lower than antennal tubercle; front weakly concave or V-shaped. Antenna usually with many rhinaria on 3rd segment. Abdomen with or without scleroites at base of dorsal setae. 7 7 (6) Siphunculus reticulated at least on apical 1/3, usually as long as or shorter than cauda. Antesiphuncular sclerite almost always developed; postsiphuncular sclerite usually absent, if present smaller than antesiphuncular sclerite. On Compositae (Artemisia, Aster and their relatives). 3. Macrosiphoniella del Guercio Siphunculus reticulated on less than apical 1/3, always distinctly longer than cauda. Antesi­ phuncular sclerite present or absent, if present smaller than postsiphuncular sclerite which is almost always developed. 8 8 (7) Abdomen with tergum membranous, with scleroites at base of dorsal setae. On Compositae . 5. Dactynotus Rafinesque (part., see II, 11) Abdomen with tergum membranous or uniformly sclerotized, without scleroites. 9 9 (8) Head spinulous ventrally; antennal tubercle very high. Abdominal tergum sclerotized and pigmented. On Sorbaria & Corylus. 2. Unisitobion Takahashi Head smooth; antennal tubercle high or low, if high then abdominal tergum always pale and membranous. On various plants. ......... 1. Macrosiphum Passerini 10 (5) First segment of all tarsi with 2 sense pegs and 2 lateral setae. Abdomen with marginal sclerites well developed on 2nd-6th segments, without scleroites at bese of dorsal setae. On Codonopsis. .. 6. Meguroleucon, gen. n. First segment of all tarsi with 1 sense peg and 4 lateral setae. Abdomen with marginal sclerites developed only on 5th and 6th segments or with scleroites at base of dorsal setae. 11 11 (10) Body with many irregularly arranged setae very long and flagellate. Siphunculus with many long setae. Head with antennal tubercles low; front weakly concave. .. 4. Macrotrichaphis, gen. n. Body with sparse, more or less regularly arranged setae moderately long and stiff. Si­ phunculus without setae. Head with antennal tubercles well developed; front V-shaped. On Compositae & Campanulaceae. 5. Dactynotus Rafinesque (part., see II, 8) Key to tha genera III 1 Antenna with rhinaria on 3rd segment. ......... 2 Antenna without rhinaria on 3rd segment. 3 2 (1) Abdomen with a large central sclerite. Siphunculus black, imbricated. Tarsi shorter than ultimate rostral segment. In alate viviparous female antenna with secon-dary rhinaria on 3rd and 4th segments; abdomen with a large central sclerite fused with marginal sclerites. On Rhamnus & Polygonum. 69. Macchiatiella del Guercio Abdomen without any sclerotization. Siphunculus fuscous, striated with faint transverse wrinkles. Tarsi longer than ultimate rostral segment. In alate viviparous female antenna with secondary rhinaria confined to 3rd segment; abdomen only with small sclerites me- 3 sially. On Lonicera. .. , , . .. 68. Alllphicercidus Oestrund 3 (1) Ultimate rostral segment acute, concave
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