An Inventory of Nepal's Insects Volume III (Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera & Diptera) V. K. Thapa An Inventory of Nepal's Insects Volume III (Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera& Diptera) V.K. Thapa IUCN-The World Conservation Union 2000 Published by: IUCN Nepal Copyright: 2000. IUCN Nepal The role of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in supporting the IUCN Nepal is gratefully acknowledged. The material in this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for education or non-profit uses, without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. IUCN Nepal would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication, which uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes without prior written permission of IUCN Nepal. Citation: Thapa, V.K., 2000. An Inventory of Nepal's Insects, Vol. III. IUCN Nepal, Kathmandu, xi + 475 pp. Data Processing and Design: Rabin Shrestha and Kanhaiya L. Shrestha Cover Art: From left to right: Shield bug ( Poecilocoris nepalensis), June beetle (Popilla nasuta) and Ichneumon wasp (Ichneumonidae) respectively. Source: Ms. Astrid Bjornsen, Insects of Nepal's Mid Hills poster, IUCN Nepal. ISBN: 92-9144-049 -3 Available from: IUCN Nepal P.O. Box 3923 Kathmandu, Nepal IUCN Nepal Biodiversity Publication Series aims to publish scientific information on biodiversity wealth of Nepal. Publication will appear as and when information are available and ready to publish. List of publications thus far: Series 1: An Inventory of Nepal's Insects, Vol. I. Series 2: The Rattans of Nepal. Series 3: An Inventory of Nepal's Insects, Vol. II About the author Dr. Vasanta K. Thapa is a Professor in the Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. He has published several research papers on insects of Nepal and has participated in several seminars on Insect Taxonomy (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). Dr. Thapa is the author of two text books on Biology and Zoology for the students of the certificate level. ii Foreword Founded in 1948, IUCN–The World Conservation Union brings together technical, scientific and policy related information to bring about conservation of biological diversity of the planet earth. Over 9,000 experts and specialists round the globe contribute to the Species Survival Commission of IUCN in a voluntary basis. Information on species is the key step towards conservation. As an example of IUCN's contribution towards authoritative information, decision makers all over the world make use of IUCN's Red Lists for their reasoning and backup information. Nepal is host to rich biodiversity requiring management regimes that are adaptive and responsive to local community needs. IUCN Nepal's programme aims to promote sustainable use of natural resources through initiatives which integrate science, environment and development. Bringing together appropriate scientific facts both social and natural, underpins IUCN's approach to conservation and resource management. IUCN Nepal wishes to encourage Nepalese scientists and professionals to advance the cause of conservation in the process of their scientific contribution. Nepal is a signatory to the International Convention on Biological Diversity and is committed to collaborate with world community to participate in the process of implementing the convention. Article 7 of the convention emphasises the need to identify components of biological diversity important for its conservation and sustainable use. Accordingly, IUCN Nepal is encouraging and assisting local scientists and experts to prepare scientific inventories and generate information on biological species, ecosystems and genetic resources. I am very pleased to see that the Inventory of Nepal's Insects amounting to 5,175 species is at hand for publication. The first volume appeared during the year 1997, and the second one during the year 1998. This volume is the final one in the series. These volumes are expected to serve as scientific source of information to enhance conservation and development activities vis-a-vis our insects in Nepal. I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate Dr. V.K. Thapa for his accomplishment in preparing the inventory of Nepal's insect fauna. I am confident this set of publication will be a useful reference to all concerned. Dr. Badri Dev Pande Acting Country Representative IUCN Nepal iii iv Preface An Inventory of Nepal's Insects was planned to be published in three volumes. Accordingly Volume I appeared in 1977 that covered 536 species belonging to 17 orders beginning from Protura to Odonata. Volume II appeared in 1998 and it included 1445 species belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Thus the final contribution volume III completes the rest of the order Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. It covers 3131 species of insects. Besides 63 species of the order Odonata has been appended as well. Thus the wealth of insect fauna is now enumerated to 5,175 species. There are a number of orders and genera which deserve further researches to add much more than what is known to us. For example, the wealth of mouth fauna is not yet known to its fullest extent. While future explorers and taxonomists would continue to add to the inventory, we hope that other professionals would find this contribution useful to their work. It is also hoped that this documentation will also be helpful to determine protocols for access and benefit sharing of biological diversity as regards to the insect fauna of Nepal. It is of course a pleasant duty to acknowledge the painstaking work of Dr. Vasanta Kumar Thapa who attempted to compile data on such a difficult and diverse group of biological organism as the insects. Meanwhile, the encouragements of Dr. Ambika Adhikari to carry this work through were very helpful. Similarly, the hard work of Rabin Shrestha and Kanhiaya Shrestha in type setting the manuscript deserves mention here. Completion of any work of this nature is always the happy result of mutual collaboration, cooperation and goodwill among colleagues and friends within and outside the organization. However, it's Dr. Thapa who deserves our congratulations. Dr. Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha Coordinator Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management Unit v vi Contents Foreword................................................................................................................. iii Preface.....................................................................................................................v Contents................................................................................................................. vii Glossary.................................................................................................................viii Introduction ............................................................................................................. ix Volume III Hemiptera ................................................................................................................1 Hymenoptera .........................................................................................................59 Coleoptera .............................................................................................................80 Diptera..................................................................................................................278 Index ....................................................................................................................412 Appendix to Order Odonata.................................................................................465 vii Glossary Holotype - The single specimen designated or indicated as the type by the original author at the time of publication of the original description of a species. Co-type/Syntype - Every specimen in a type series in which no holotype has been designated. Lectotype - One of a series of syntype which, subsequent to the publication of the original description is selected and designated through publication to serve as a type. Neotype - A specimen selected as type subsequent to the original description in cases where the original types are known to have been destroyed or was suppressed by the commission. Paratype - A specimen other than the holotype which was before the author at the time of preparation of the original description and was so designated or indicated by the original author; paratypes have no standing in nomenclature. Allotype - A paratype of the opposite sex to that of the holotype (cf Paratype) Glossary Rare - Only one specimen available for study as representative. Uncommon - Only two specimens available for study. Less common - Only three to five specimens collected. Rather common - Specimens collected six to ten in number. Common - Specimens collected eleven to fifty in number Quite common - Specimens collected above fifty in number. Type locality - The locality at which a holotype, lectotype or neotype was collected (cf topotype). BLKU - Fukuoka, Kyushu University (Japan). BMNH - British Museum (Natural History), London (UK). ESKU - Environmental Science (Dept.) Kyushu University (Japan). GENH - German Entomological National (History) Museum (Germany). Ind. Museum - Indian Museum MENIH - Medical Entomology, National Institute of Health, Tokyo (Japan). Mus. Paris - Museum Paris (France). NIHT - National Institute of Health, Tokyo (Japan). NSMT - National Science Museum, Tokyo (Japan). SMF