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The C.1.0. Organizing Committee Papers 1946· 1953 Pro Uesf ----- Start Here The C.1.0. Organizing Committee Papers 1946· 1953 Pro uesf ----- Start here. This volume is a fmding aid to a ProQuest Research Collection in Microform. To learn more visit: www.proquest.com or call (800) 521-0600 About ProQuest: ProQuest connects people with vetted, reliable information. Key to serious research, the company has forged a 70-year reputation as a gateway to the world's knowledge -from dissertations to governmental and cultural archives to news, in all its fonns. Its role is essential to libraries and other organizations whose missions depend on the delivery of complete, trustworthy infonnation. 789 E. Eisenhower Parkway. P.0 Box 1346. Ann Arbor, r.1148106-1346. USA. Tel: 734.461.4700. To\J.free 800-521-0600. WVNlproquest.com Operation Dixie The C.1.0. Organizing Committee Papers 1946·1953 A Guide to the Microfilm Edition Edited by Katherine F. Martin MICROFILMING CORPORATION OF AMERICA A New York Times Company 1980 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by Photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the copyright owner. Cover design by Janice Fary Typesetting by Julia Palmer Copyright €)1980, Microfilming Corporation of America ISBN 0-667-00584-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . v NOTE TO THE RESEARCHER . vii HISTORICAL SKETCH • • . 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE COLLECTION 3 DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SERIES Series I C.I.O. Organizing Committee. North Carolina, 1932-1958 5 Series II C.I.O. Organizing Committee. South Carolina, 1941-1953 . 10 Series III C.I.O. Organizing Committee. Tennessee, 1938-1953 15 Series IV C.I.O. Organizing Committee. Virginia, 1937-1953 24 Series v Lucy Randolph Mason, 1912-1954 30 Series VI C.I.O. Political Action Committee. North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia, 1943-1954 . 40 Series VII C.I.O. Publicity Department. North Carolina, 1946-1953 • 45 Series VIII C.I.O. Industrial Union Councils. North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia, 1938-1954 49 REEL LIST Series I C. I .O. Organizing Committee. North Carolina, 1932-1958 59 Series II C. I.O. Organizing Committee. South Carolina, 1941-1953 81 Series III C.I.O. Organizing Committee. Tennessee, 1938-1953 89 Series IV C. I.O. Organizing Committee. Virginia, 1937-1953 122 Series v Lucy Randolph Mason, 1912-1954 134 Series VI C.I.O. Political Action Corrunittee. North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia, 1943-1954 . 134 Series VII C.I.O. Publicity Department. North Carolina, 1946-1953 137 Series VIII C.I.O. Industrial Union Councils. North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia, 1938-1954 141 PREFACE The Microfilming Corporation of America wishes to thank the staff of the Manuscripts Department of the William R. Perkins Library, Duke University, for its interest and kind assistance in making the microfilm edition of the "Operation Dixie" papers available to scholars. v NOTE TO THE RESEARCHER The Microfilming Corporation of America does not own the copyright for the manuscript or printed items included in this microfilm edition. It is the responsibility of an author to secure permission for publication from the holder of such rights for material in this microfilm edition. vii HISTORICAL SKETCH On March 15-16, 1946, at meetings of the executive board of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (C.I.O.) plans were made for the development of a Southern Organizing Conunittee. "Operation Dixie", as the Conunittee's program was known, was designed to bring the message of unionism to the South. The C.I.O. initiated the southern drive in order to free itself of a three-fold problem that had become increasingly burdensome in the face of post-war unemployment, anti-labor legislation, and waves of strikes. It sought to com­ bat the competition of unorganized southern workers with C.I.O. members in northern plants, alleviate the financial drain of maintaining existing southern locals, and mitigate the hostility of conservative southern Democrats by developing a broader and stronger membership in the region. The southern campaign was viewed as a fight for economic justice for workers throughout the nation. Under the direction of Van A. Bittner, vice-president of the United Steelworkers of America, the Organizing Corrunittee, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, was established in May 1946 and began its work in mid-June. C.I.O. president Philip Murray described the campaign as a "crusade", with a goal of obtaining over one million new C.I.O. members within the year. Supported by a one million dollar fund contributed by some forty affiliate unions, the Organizing Conunittee established programs in twelve states: Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas and Arkansas. In each a state director supervised and coordinated the work of regional area directors and a crew of field representa­ tives. During the first month of the campaign some 180 new organizers were added to the staff; by November of that year there were over 250 representatives in the field. Approximately eighty-five percent of these men and women were native southerners and seventy-five percent were veterans, a combination it was hoped would serve to silence charges of foreign interference and un-American activity. "Operation Dixie" concentrated its efforts on the textile, wood products, chemical, oil, and iron and steel industries, judging the first to be the bellwether of southern manufacturing. It did not, however, ignore other groups of workers, seeking to organize those as diverse as the seasonal tobacco shed workers and the shipbuilders, employees at the government's plant at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and those at the auto garages in Richmond, Virginia. The Organizing Conunittee worked to assist these individuals to attain better working and living conditions and job security by securing collective bargaining rights through National Labor Relations Board elections or agreements with employers. It normally concentrated its efforts on the largest and most resistant employers in a given area. The newly-developed locals were then turned over to the national and international unions claiming jurisdiction for administration and guidance. While its primary purpose was "organizing the unorganized", the Southern Organizing Committee also cooperated with the C.I.O.'s Political Action Committees and State C.I.O. or Industrial Union Councils which sought to attain the parent organization's goals through state and national legislation and electoral reform. l Although by February 1947 the Organizing Committee reported the establishment of 324 new local unions in the South, its work was plagued by a variety of problems. Among these were charges of communist sympathies, demonstrations by the Ku Klux Klan, and opposition to the C.I.O.'s policy of organizing workers regardless of creed, color or national origin and of including Negroes in the same locals as whites wherever possible. The drive also suffered from changes in personnel with the death of Van Bittner and later the resignation of his successor George Baldanzi. Most importantly, it was handicapped by a lack of continued financial support from C.I.O. affiliates, necessitating reductions in staff and programs. Also damaging to the drive was the implementation of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 and the strength of the opposition, which was willing to violate the law and engage in anti-union violence, intimidation and collusion with public authorities. In 1953, the southern drive was reorganized, and most of the work of developing and servicing locals was turned over to the affiliate unions. The "Operation Dixie" collection includes the records from four states-­ North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. Records from the other states involved in the campaign are no longer in existence. For additional information on the history of "Operation Dixie" see the Final Proceedings. Eighth Constitutional Convention of the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Atlantic City, New Jersey, November 18-22, 1946; Art Preis' Labor's Giant Step. TWenty Years of the C.I.O. (New York: Pioneer Publishers, 1964); Philip Taft's Organized Labor in American History (New York: Harper and Row, 1964); and "Labor Drives South" in Fortune 34 (November 1946) . 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE COLLECTION The "Operation Dixie" papers consist in large part of the records of the C.I.O. Organizing Committee campaigns in four southern states: North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. The papers are divided into eight series as follows: Series I C.I.O. Organizing Corrunittee. North Carolina, 1932-1958 Series II C.I.O. Organizing Committee. South Carolina, 1941-1953 Series III C.I.O. Organizing Corrunittee. Tennessee, 1938-1953 Series IV C.I.O. Organizing Corrunittee. Virginia, 1937-1953 Series v Lucy Randolph Mason, 1912-1954 Series VI C.I.O. Political Action Committee. North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia, 1943-1954 Series VII C.I.O. Publicity Department. North Carolina, 1946-1953 Series VIII C.I.O. Industrial Union Councils. North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia, 1938-1954 Papers of the Organizing Committees, Publicity Department, Political Action Committees and Industrial Union Councils are arranged alphabetically by subject folder title. The reel list provides the title of each folder with inclusive dates for the contents. Many of the subject categories were established by the C.I.O. regional offices; others were added by the staff of the Manuscript Department of the William R. Perkins Library at Duke University in the process of integrating loose material. These records are frequently arranged under name of correspondent, organization or affiliate union. There are, however, some materials in each series that are collected under such general headings as "Correspondence", "Printed Material" and "Miscellaneous". Incoming and outgoing correspondence and related printed, typed and mimeographed items are interfiled in each folder in chronological order.
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