18750 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1976 quires the inclusion on such packages of a struction authorizations for certain nuclear authority of the States to regulate terminal label bearing a statement of the tar and nic power plants pending the outcome of a com and station equipment used for telephone otine content. prehensive study by the Omce of Technology exchange service. Requires the Federal Com Prohibits smoking in any enclosed area Assessment. Requires a five-year independent munications Comm1sslon to make specified open to the public in any Federal facUlty study of the nuclear fuel cycle by the omce findings in connection with Commission ac or any interstate passenger carrier facillty. o!. Technology Assessment with final repol"ts tions authorlzing specialized carriers. Requires the separation of smokers and and recommendations to be made to the H.R. 13868. May 18, 1976. Interstate and nonsmokers in any restaurant, other dining Congress. Foreign Commerce. Amends the Public fac111ty, recreation room, or lounge in any H.R. 13865. May 18, 1976. Merchant Marine Health Service Act to authorize the Secretary Federal facility or interstate passenger car and Fisheries. Amends. the Marine Mammal o! Health, Education, and Welfare to make rier facUlty. Recommends, whenever possi Protection Act of 1972 to modify regulations grants, contracts, and loan guarantees for ble, the separation of smoking and nonsmok with respect to the taking of marine mam the planning. lnitial development, and ini ing Federal employees. mals incidental to commercial fishing. tial operation costs for comprehensive medi Imposes an increased tax on cigarettes and Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to cal practices. authorizes the use of such revenues for cig ban the importation of commercial fish or Directs that studies be made of health care arette-related disease research. fish products which have been caught with delivery systems. Authorizes the Secretary to H.R. 13861. May 18, 1976. Interior and In technology which results in the death or seri fund training and research projects related sular A1fairs. Directs the Secretary of Agri ous injury of ocean mammals in excess of to support services. management, and educa culture to review for suitabillty as wilder United States standards. tion for comprehensive medical services. ness specified lands in the Sam Houston Na H.R. 1S866. May 18, 1976. Government Op H.R. 13869. May 18, 1976. Ways and Means. tional Forest, the Saline National Forest, and erations. Amends the Federal Reports Act of Amends the Internal Revenue Code to pro the Davy Crockett National Forest, Texas. 1942 to forbid the use of forms by a Federal vide a $5,000 tax exclusion from gross in H.R. 13862. May 18, 1976. Ways and Means. agency to collect information tram more come for any amount received as an annuity, Amends the Social Security Act by increas than ten persons unless such forms were ap pension, or other retirement benefit. Limits ing the amount of outside income which an proved by the Comptroller General. Allows the exclusion to $5,000 for married couples as individual may earn without a reduction in approval only if such information gathering well as individuals. Old-age, Survivors, and Disabiiity Insurance is reasonably necessary and not overly bur H.R. 13870. May 18, 1976. Interstate and benefits. densome on the persons to whom they are Foreign Commerce. Amends the Securities H.R. 13863. May 18, 1976. Ways and Means. directed. Exchange Act of 1934 to require each regis Establishes a national lottery in the Depart H.R. 13867. May 18, 1976. Interstate and tered issuer of securities to tlle periodic re ment of the Treasury and creates a trust Foreign Commerce. Rerunrms the intent of ports relating to any payment of money over fund to be known as the Lottery Trust Fund. Congress with respect to the structure of the $1,000 to any person including one employed Provides that revenues from such lottery be common carrier telecommunications indus by a foreign government and a foreign po used to render assistance to low-income sen try rendering services in interstate and for litical party or candidate. lor citizens in paying their electric and tele eign commerce. Grants additional authority Prohibits any issuer of securities to make phone bills. use of the mails or any ins1rumentality of H.R. 13864. May 18, 1976. Atomic Energy. to the Federal Communications Commission Directs the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to authorize mergers of carriers when deemed interstate commerce to offer, pay or promise to cease the granting of licenses for con- to be in the public interest. Reaffirms the such payments. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
TRINITY RIVER PROJECT termined that the flood control aspects of harbor projects are not financed by bor the Trinity River project, if implemented rowed funds, but rather by tax revenues, would increase the agricultural produc upon which no interest is actually paid. HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE tion in the basin anywhere from 10 to 15 In closing his report, Professor Barloon OF TEXAS percent for most crops; and, the produc stated: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of rice could be increased as much as The Trinity River navigation project differs 77 percent. from mast public expenditures in that it rep Wednesday, June 16, 1976 This team also reports that the primary resents an investment in a long-lived pro Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, I have ductive facility rather than a consumptive :flood control facilities affecting agricul outlay. So viewed, it promises to return eco been a Member of this body for over ture in the project are the Tennessee nomic benefits to the public in the form of 30 years and, during that time span, I Colony Lake and the multiple purpose higher incomes and property values fully have supported and voted for the Trin channel. The land inundated by Tennes equivalent to the construction investment ity River project each time it was before see Colony Lake currently produces at plus an annual return of about 6%. this body for consideration. only 48 cents per acre. Frequent flooding The question of the continuance of the has precluded any productive use of this comprehensive improvement and devel land. Increased production resulting opment of the Trinity River has been from the project designed flood controls BERLIN ANNIVERSARY raised in this body on several previous could increase household income in the occasions, using the economic feasibility region as much as $12.1 million a year. of the project as a basis for questioned Third. Prof. Marvin Barloon, Carl HO . JA ES J. DELA EY continuance. ton, professor of economics at Case West OF NEW YORK There have been any number of stud ern Reserve University shows that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ies made in this regard, and I would like cost-benefit ratio, using Federal Govern Wednesday, June 16, 1976 to list these studies in order that Mem ment guidelines is about 1. 71 to 1 after a bers of this body will know of them. reevaluation of the navigation eco Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, tomor First. Dr. Floyd Durham, professor of nomics. This figure is well above the 1.45 row, June 17, marks the 23d anniversary economics at Texas Christian University, to 1 upon which the project was author of the 1953 workers' uprising in East reports that construction of this project ized. Professor Barloon noted that the Berlin-a reminder to us all of the spark will create an estimated 6,913 jobs and traffic volume considered for the Trinity of liberty which burns within the hearts would produce an annual payroll in ex was extremely conservative. particularly of all the German people. It was John cess of $65 million throughout the con in light of the market growth since 1968 Fitzgerald Kennedy who said: struction period of 10 to 12 years. This and the energy crisis. There are many people in the world who will further be enhanced by the purchase Further, Professor Barloon has stated really don't understand, or say they don't, what 1s the great issue between the free of building materials within the region that the 3¥.4 percent interest rate used in world a.nd t.M Comm.unist. world. Let them. and the need for housing and services evaluating the Trinity River project is come to Berlin. There are some who say that for employees. Dr. Durham further high. He pointed out that REA loans Communism is the wave of the !uture. Let states that by 1990 the project directly money at 2 percent to its cooperatives. them com.e to Berlin. . • . And there are and indirectly will have produced 358,000 The current interest rates of 7 to 10 per even a few who say that it 1s true tha.t Com. new jobs with annual payrolls in excess cent constitute a reimbursement to lend munism is an evil system. but tt permits us of a billion dollars. ers for future inflation. Professor Barloon to make economic progress. "Lasst sle nach Second. A study conducted by a team point...Qo(]. out, while the actual interest is Berlin kommen." of agricultural experts from my alma somewhere between 2% to 4 percent. He Despite a partial thawing of relations mater, Texas A. & M. University, has de- further stated that Federal waterway and between the Federal Republic of Ger- June 16, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18751 many and the ''German Democratic which was severely damaged by a ty MIGUEL A. CAVAZOS Republic," we must not be lulled into phoon on May 21 and 1n other disaster Way back 1n 1934, the Hidalgo School Dis complacency. stricken areas in the United States. trict hired Miguel A. Cavazos as a teacher. I have just returned from Guam where Ever since then, Mr. Cavazos has been at it, The catalytic force that transformed at the profession he thoroughly enjoyed. long-simmering unrest into open revolt I was appalled at the extent o! the de In 1944 he came to Rio Grande City, and against the Communists in 1953 was a struction. Typhoon Pamela hit the is here he remained until his re~irement this demonstration by the so-called "elite land with winds up to 190 miles an year, after 37 years of teaching. brigade'~ working on the prestigious hour. Almost 6,000 private homes were "I thoroughly enjoy teaching,'' he said. "Stalinallee" project, on the morning of destroyed or very heavily damaged. Our "'What has satisfied me most is teaching vo June 16. Overnight, mobfie units of the entire network. of public utilities, in cational agriculture to boys and girls. Volkspolizei and Soviet armored divisions cluding water. power, and telephone was "To see some of my pupils go lnto the field heavily damaged. Roads were cut off and of agriculture locally with the state and fed moved into East Berlin. The Soviet Army, eral government ha.s been a memorable ex 275,000-strong, was deployed in and at least $5 million in structural damage perience and I'll never forget It:• around the city and, on the morning of was done to our schools. not counting Cavazos attended La Joya High School. He the 17th, when tens of thousands of supplies and equipment. acquired his B.S. Degree from Sam Houston workers fr<>m the capital and its environs Worst of all is the effect on the lives University in 1932, then obtained his mas gathered once again in front of govern of our citizens~ As o! this writing, emer ters in 1952 at Texas A&I. ment buildings, they were driven back gency assistance o:fficials are working to Known as "restless" by h1s brothers, Cava by Soviet tanks. find shelters for 5,000 families. For many zos likes to stay active. Asked what he plan It was an unambiguously anti-Com ned to do now that he has retired from the of these unfortunate individuals all they teaching field, he answered, "Open an office munist and anti-Soviet revolt with 50,000 own, except for the clothes on their as a consultant in my field. I also intend to East Berliners gathering at the Bran backs, is gone forever. study law." With a smile, he added, "I'll denburg Gate to tear down the red flag The Red Cross and the Federal Dis practice a little magic also, and ru open a in defiance of Soviet tyranny and the aster Assistance Administration have nursery to keep busy during my free time." puppet Ulbricht regime. From Rostock both done a tremendous job of helping Cavazos was born in Penitas,. Hidalgo on the Baltic to Chemnitz in the south, Guam back on its feet. Yet, much more County, on August 7, 1910. one of four chil from Magdenburg in the West to Frank remains to be done if the typhoon vic dren-three brothers and one sister. He has furt-on-the-Oder, more than 370,000 been happily married for over 35 years and tims on Guam and nearby islands are has one son, Miguel, Jr., who is office man workers in 274 localities participated in to return their shattered lives back to ager for the SBA in Corpus Christl. Texas, a general strike and were joined by farm normal. and one daughter, Ernestina C. Trevino, a ers protesting the collectivist state, only Red Cross officials have recently in language arts teacher a.t Rio High. to be crushed by Soviet tyranny. formed me that the lack of news in the Mrs. Trevino, talk.1ng about her father Mr. Speaker, by the summer of 1961, national press about the intensity of the to The South Texas Reporter, said, "De.d is some 3.5 million East Berliners left their damage on Guam is hampering their easy to talk to. He's there when I need him. homes and jobs for the refugee centers fundraising efforts. For my part, r am He is both a father and friend to me." and airports of West Berlin, dramatizing doing all I can to publicize the Red His younger brother, Narciso, had this to all the world their choice of freedom Cross effort on Guam's behalf and am say; "Having known my brother as a co ell, to teacher and fellow instructor, it is a great over communism. We are all aware of the taking this opportunity to ask that you privilege to state that he has well-balanced Soviet response-the infamous Berlin and your staff join me in supporting his books in his lifetime-and I am sure wan has blocked the passage to liberty the Red Cross drive. he has fulftlled his Heavenly Father's assign ever since that fateful day in August Thank you. ment on this earth." 1961. To quote Vice President RocKEFEL Humberto, his older brother, who retired LER who spoke in Frankfurt on May 15, as art teacher at Rio last year, said, ..Now on his recent official visit to Germany: OUTSTANDING SOUTH TEXAS that Mike has retired also, he'll be coming In Berlin yesterday, I experienced the pow TEACHER RETIRES API'ER LONG to bother me everyday, he's so restless." erful and unforgettable emotion of viewing SERVICE For those of us who know Mike, as he is at first hand the contrasting results of de called by his friends, we can't think of a mocracy and communism. And there can be better guy to come and bother us any time. no more striking proof of the superiority of HO . E de Ia GARZA He 1s the life of the party, he is the guy our system than the fact that the Commu 01' '1'ZXA.S with the right joke at the right time, the fl'iend with the right advice for a friend in nists had to build and reinforce that wall IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to keep their people f:rom escaping to free need. He is the guy with the infectuous dom. Wednesday, June 16, 1976 happy smile, who will cheer you up in one second flat. The Berlin Wall, Mr. Speaker, sealing Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, a con off the border between the two sectors, stituent of mine, Miguel A. Cavazos, has a high, grim barrier of concrete and helped to shape the lives of a multitude of boys and girls during his 37 years as a OF NASA'S EFFORTS FOR THE barbed wire separating families and ELDERLY friends, ·is but an extension of the bru teacher. For most of those years he has tality the Russians demonstrated in been a vocational agriculture teacher in crushing the revolt of 1953. the Rio Grande City IDgh School. HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE On his recent retirement, Mr. Cavazos On this day of commemoration, I sa OF TEXAS lute our citizens of German descent and said: pray that their relatives in the East may To see some of my pupils go into the field IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES soon enjoy the freedom that is theirs. of agriculture locally with the state and fed Wedne$day, June 16, 1976 eral government has been a memorable ex perience and I'll never forget lt. Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, NASA has undertaken in conjunction with HEW a Nor will the young people who have SUPPORT FOR RED CROSS APPEAL pilot program applying lessons learned ASKED had the benefit of his guidance ever for in our space program on food and nu get Miguel Cavazos. He has eiven notable trition to a program. t<> better feed the service to them and the community. I rural elderly. A recent news article criti HON. ANTONIO BORJA 0 PAT salute him as he retires from his teaching cized this experimental program. Astro OF GUAM position and I, like his many other naut Joseph P. Kerwin, in a letter to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES friends, am pleased to know that he will editor of the New York Times, provided continue to lead an active life. Wednesday, June 16, 1976 a nontechnicai and warmly human sup Mr. Speaker, wishing to share with my port for this modest but significant ef Mr. WON PAT. Mr. Speaker, the colleagues some knowledge of this fine fort. Because it is another example of American National Red Cross is cur citizen, I am appending with my remarks the contribution of space program de rently conducting a nationwide drive a story about him published in the South rived technology to our dally lives, I am to raise at least $10 million to pa.y for Texas Reporter, one of our area."s great including Astronaut Kerwin's letter in their emergency relief work on Guam, newspapers: the R:&coRD. CXXli--1182-Part 15 18752 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1976 OF NASA's EFFORTS FOR THE ELDERLY States by the Soviet Union, and was fol and personality and is especially popular To the Editor: lowed quickly by a public policy of tyr with the female voters which Ford does not John Keats wrote recently on your Op-Ed anny, repression, and cruelty which be possess. page about a modest NASA effort to provide gan with thousands of deportations to In summing up the situation it should be meals for elderly people. In it, he managed Siberia. Tyranny by the Soviet Union apparent to everyone that the citizens want to misunderstand just about every aspect of a ma.n for President with a new approach what we are doing, to put down the elderly continues to this day to forcefully re and new ideas who has never been involved and to rouse my lre in the process. strain independent action by Baltic citi in government in Washington, D.C. Some old people need help to get adequate zens. This information 1s for your guidance be food to eat. Congress has recognized this This repression, however, does not fore it is too late. fact and has stimulated the sponsorship of diminish the spirit of Baltic citizens, but SECRETARY, group meals for them in various city centers. nourishes the unique spirit of independ G & H Club. For the millions who cannot get to group ence and unity. Let us in our Bicentennial meals, programs such as "Meals on Wheels" Year, a celebration of freedom, respond deliver hot food to the homebound. But lf FIFTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS you live in a small town, or in the country, to their tireless efforts for freedom by QUESTIONNAmE or need a hot meal on a weekend, "Meals on continuing to refuse recognition of the Wheels" can't help you. So the Texas Gov annexation and incorporation of the ernor's Committee on Aging came to NASA Baltic States by Soviet Russia. We must HON. ALAN STEELMAN and asked: Could we help develop good stand firm in our resolve to continue our OF TEXAS tasting, easy-to-prepare, easy-to-deliver moral support to those people who resist IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES meals for people not reached by current oppressive governments where basic hu programs? man rights are denied. Wednesday, June 16, 1976 Despite the fact that the Space Act of 1958 was a little vague on the point of NASA Mr. STEELMAN. Mr. Speaker, it is my feeding the elderly, we said yes. annual practice to send a comprehensive We can help because our food engineers A POLITICAL LETTER questionnaire to the residents of the know a little about packaging a.nd shelf life, Fifth District of Texas each spring. At and we are working with agencies which HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL this time, I would like to share with my know a. lot about the kind of food people OF ILLINOIS colleagues the results of the 1976 ques like to ea.t. To correct a few misapprehen IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tionnaire and also, would like to thank sions: those constituents who took the time and The food is commercially prepared, not Wednesday, June 16, 1976 "space food." Some of it is freeze-dried, like trouble to answer the questions and re campers' food, and some isn't. It's packaged Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, politics can turn the form to my Washington office. in cans or pouches-nary a squeeze-tube, no be a very crazy game to play at· times This questionnaire is the best method I problem for "palsied, arthritic fingers." It and I just feel compelled to bring to the have of gauging the feelings of my dis doesn't "require no preparation," but it's easy attention of my colleagues a letter which trict on issues that I must vote on in to prepare, using the recipient's own dishes Congress. and silverware. It will be up to the using I received today and since it cernes from agency whether to mail it or not; if it does a group with no personal signatures I am 1976 FIFTH DISTRICT QUESTIONNAIRE (a. week's worth at a time), it will arrive in taking the liberty of reading it into the ( 1) I support a bill to provide mandatory good condition. The food has a two-year shelf RECORD. The lady who wrote obviously prison sentences for using or carrying a fire life. wants to give me some guidance in the arm during commission of a federal crime: We care because we have relatives who selection of our next President, even Percent are old, and because we'll be old ourselves though none of the 26 members of her Strongly agree______85. 3 soon-if we're lucky. And if packaged meals cl:tb made up of both men and women Mildly agree______7. 7 are the alternative to being put into a nurs No opinion______2.4 ing home for the convenience of the gov bothered to vote in the Dlinois primary election in March. Mildly disagree______1.6 ernment or our relatives, we'll make the obvi Strongly disagree______3.0 ous choice, even lf the cuisine isn't up to It is interesting to note that the em Mr. Keats's continental standards. phasis in placed again on the critical side. (2) Controls on natural gas prices should People do need caring. When I flew, the But then, she really puts the frosting on be removed (deregulation): chow was good, but the people who put it Percent the cake when she says that we "could Strongly agree ______37.2 together for us were great-they were on our have had a candidate in Reagan who has side, and they busted their butts to do the Mildly agree______14. 8 job for us. Now they're trying to use their oratorical ability and personality and is No opinion ______12.1 talents to do the job for old people. The especially popular with the female voters. Mildly disagree______10. 6 technology is good, but it's the caring of "Now those are really compelling reasons Strongly disagree______25. 2 which I am most proud. to vote for a President in this lady's JOSEPH P. KERWIN, mind. How many more of them are there (3) Public employees (including police NASA Astronaut. who have no more strong feeling as to men, firemen, school teachers) should have HOUSTON, May 2, 1976. the right to strike in bargaining for better what makes a good President? wages and benefits: The communication reads as follows: Percent BALTIC CITIZENS-UNIQUE SPffiiT DEAR MR. MICHEL: At our club meeting this Strongly agree______13. 9 week there were 26 members present both Mildly agree______10. 2 men and women and none of them voted in No opinion______4.1 HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE the primary but Will vote in the election. Of Mildly disagree______13. 1 Strongly disagree ______58.7 OF NEW JERSEY the 26 present 4 preferred Ford, 5 Carter and 15 Reagan. All but four said that if Ford was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nominated they would either vote Demo (4) The activities and expenditures of U.S. Wednesday, June 16, 1976 cratic or not vote at all. intelligence organizations (such as the CIA) All acknowledged that in a rough cam should be closely monitored by a Congres Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, the paign any Democrat could beat Ford because sional Oversight Committee: Baltic States of Latvia, Lithuania, and of his many mistakes such as few following: Percent 1. Pardon Nixon before found guilty-a Estonia continue to inspire our admira StronglyMildly agree agree------______35.222.1 tion :luring this Bicentennial Year. This deal; 2. Clemency for draft dodgers; No opinion------5.4 year, it is estimated that about 1 mil 3. O.K. excessive grain deals to Russia. at Mildly disagree______14. 5 lion Americans of Baltic descent are low prices which increased cost of bread; Strongly disagree______22. 8 commemorating the 35th anniversary of 4. Signing German boundary agreement the mass deportations of Lithuanians, with Russia.; and (5) The United States should retain its Latvians, and Estonians to Siberia on 5. Urging and allowing vast numbers of control over the Panama Canal: prolific Vietnamese into this country at a Percent June 14-15, 1941. These courageous peo- Strongly agree ______76.5 ple are to be commended on their con time when milllons were unemployed and most of them are now on welfare. Mildly agree ______10.8 tinued fight for freedom and the right These are just a few that people remember. No optnion______6.1 to maintain their cultural identity. Ford is a sure loser in the coming election Mildly disagree______3. 0 The present struggle for relief from if nominated. Strongly disagree------3. 6 oppression began over 35 years ago. This I am disappointed to see the Republicans oppression began with the forcible entry run Ford when they could have had a can (6) The General Revenue Sharing Pro and subsequent annexation of the Baltic didate in Reagan who has oratorical ability gram should be continued: June 16, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18753 I've read history books and studied the Percent cornerstone laying and the dedication subject several times and yet it has left me Strongly agree------49.4 service of the Lake Success Jewish Cen with a kind of empty feeling. We Indians ~ildly agree------21.3 ter. In this Bicentennial Year of Amer have been here for hundreds of years, why ~o oplnlon------6.7 lca~s celebration as a ..nation of nations," should we celebrate your bicentennial? Of ~ildly dlsa.gree------6. 6 this dedication seems to signify the con course. that feeling and others must be pro Strongly disagree______16. 0 tinued activity of the American Jewish Jected to many of my people. You see, for (7) I support Secretary of State Kissin commtmity. It is particularly exciting to part of your independence you had to de ger's policy of detente with the Soviet Union: feat us! This land, this big beautiful land Percent note that this center is in the same area Strongly agree ______10.2 we called "home" was no longer ours. We of the community of Lake Success as the were shoved onto reservations and told to ~ildly agree ______18.9 first United Nation's building was located keep our place! Discrimination against the ~o opinion------14.0 in 1948, the year in which the nation of native American was outrageou&f ~lldly disagree______17. 6 Israel was founded. This should remind Sure we got ••so-called tree land"; our Strongly disagree------39. 3 us of our need to direct the U.N. to be own piece of the rock I guess you'd say (8) I support legislation to open meetings committed to the security of Israel dur the reservation. When I was young I didat of Federal regulatory agencies to the public: ing its 28th year. live on a. reservation, my family was the sec ond of" two Indian families attending our Percent The service itself was very lovely. After Stronglyagree ______62.3 school. Let me tell you, those were the most the national anthem was sung, Cantor fantastic years of my life! I was accepted as ~dly agree------17.5 Sol Lesb gave a very moving rendition of no different from anyone else. I didn't really ~o opinion------10.0 Hatikvah, the Israeli national anthem. know I was ditl.'erent untll I moved wtth lruUdly disagree______4.9 Moses Heyman made an interesting pres my family onto a reservation. I couldn't be Strongly disagree------5.3 entation on the historic significance of lieve the separation-no, not segregation ( 9) I support the decision to allow the the cornerstone. The dedication o! the these are two ditl.'erent things. We were sep British-French Concorde (SST) to land at center was made by Herbert Seaman, arate-separate souls, the whiteman was so Dulles and J.F.K. airports on a 16-month much better than me. I had no class, no who deserves great commendation as value. I was rated low, because I had the trial basis : both the driving energy and the guiding Percent misfortune to be born brown! Strongly agree______31.9 spirit which led to the building of this But let me ten you-you people had made new synagogue, which is named after his ~ildly agree______25. 5 a mistake! In my young years, seeds were ~o oplnlon______12. 1 father. Noah Seaman. I must also men planted within me-within my heart. It was ~dly disagree______8.3 tion the strenuous efforts and !auditory those seeds that lead me on. They were the Strongly disagree______22. 2 remarks by Herbert Brown, the congre seeds of loyalty, honesty, love of country gation's president and Morris Bauman, and patriotism. Each year I learned to love (10) Legislation should be passed to pro and cherish these sprolLting seedlings. Each vide federal funding for chtld care and other who introduced the guests of honor. The year they grew more and more until they supportive services in families where both service was concluded by Rabbi Seymour were so enrooted in my soul, no one could parents are working and the services are re Baumrind, with all participating in a remove them. I love "Old Glory'' with all quested: closing hymn. my heart and if necessary would die for her l Percent Finally, I would like to include in the I have gone through more hassles and Strongly agree------10. 5 red lights than most of you. I had to take ~ildly agree ______7.4 RECORD the very beautiful inscription the four ships that often are abandoned at ~o opinion ______3.5 found on the memorial scroll of this cen the dock~ scholarship, leadership, citizenship, ~ildly disagree______12.3 ter-words which we should never forget: and most dear to me, friendship. Without Strongly disagree______66.3 Because we remember ... This Light shall my friends, wh~ loved and understood, with burn perpetually as a. memorial to our six out them, I could have become a defeatist. (11) In your oplnlon, what action or com million Jewish brethren who were victims of bination of actions at the federal level would accepted my lot and ~ed not to improve my Nazi brutality. Their sacred memory is en situation. I, like many others, may have be most beneficial to stimulating employ shrined in our hearts forever. Let this stand ment?: missed the boat, but they supported me, told as a stern warning to all men, never to be me I must strive for a better America. I con A. Appropriating more federal money for silent in the face of tyranny. public service jobs-13.4%. tinue to toil. B. Increasing federal spending to stimulate Enough about me, let me tell you about employment-5.6%. you young women here at Girls' State. you C. Increasing tax incentives to private in SEEDS FOR THE FUTURE possessed enough of these hard-to-obtain dustry in order to encourage expansion in qualities to get here. You believe In Amer the private sector-44.0%. ica, be assured America believes in you. D. No federal action; let economy take its I am no longer empty. I'll celebrate this HO . JAMES ABD OR bicentennial as the mark of a new society, a own course-37.0%. OF SOUTH DAKOTA (12) If the current trend continues, the society built on truth, justice and love. I Social Security fund may be in serious fi !N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stand for America and I know deep in my heart and soul that America stands for me nancial difficulty. In view of this, do you Wednesday, June 16, 1976 think Congress should: and it will continue to stand as long as man A. Raise Social Security tax rates-10.4%. Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, as Bi kind strives towards new and better horizons. B. Increase the maximum amount of wages centennial fervor mounts, it is sometimes I believe together we citizens can awaken, that Is subject to Social Security tax-32.0%. difficult for many of us to comprehend ye , together with every American in this C. Cover the shortage in Social Security that some of our American citizens can magnificent nation will grow and spread revenues with general tax revenues-27.6%. our seeds to the many deprived nations. De D. Reduce Social Security benefits and cost rightly ask: "Why should we celebrate prived of this land of the free and home of of living increases-15.9%. your Bicentennial?" the brave. E. Gradually increase the retirement age, The question is pertinent when asked for example from 65 to 67-14.1%. by our native Americans-they were not (13) The amount of money allotted to De contesting taxation without representa ALLEN L. HUNTER RECEIVES RED fense Spending in the projected Federal tion and the tyranny of a mother coun CROSS CERTIFICATE OF MERIT budget is $101 blllion, or 26% of the total try across the sea. They had no knowl budget. Do you think this Is: A. Too much-22.2%. edge of such matters. 0 . MAR B. About right--46.8%. Elise Lussier, of Pickstown. S. Dak., OF CALIFORNIA C. Not enough-31.0%. posed the question-together with some answers at the 1976 South Dakota Girls' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES State. Her insights and perspective merit Wednesday, June 16, 1976 DEDICATION OF LAKE SUCCESS consideration by all Americans. I would Mr. HANNAFORD. Mr. Speakery Mr. JEWISH CENTER like to share the reasons that one In Allen L. Hunter, of Seal Beach. Calif., dian young lady finds for celebrating the has been a warded the Red Cross Cer HO . L STE L. LFF Bicentennial with my colleagues: tificate of Merit. This is the highest OF NEW YORK THE BICENTENNIAL AND ME award given by the American National IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Elise Lussier) Red Cross to a person who saves or sus As you know this 1s the ye.ar of the Bi tains a life by using skills and knowl Wednesday, June 16, 1976 centennial. Many grand parties are held on edge learned in a volunteer training Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, on June 13, the eve of the most grand of them all-the program offered by the Red Cross in 1976, I had the honor of attending the fourth of July. first aid, small craft, or water safety. 18754 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1976 On December 23, 1975, Mr. Hunter was not alter the selection of Wibs as an All in the parking lot of a local medical cen American for his stellar play throughout his press my extreme sympathy to the fam ter when a car pulled into the space next spectacular college career. He joined the ily and many friends of Lester Lee Tid to him. A passenger in the car was Chicago Bruins professional basketball team wen-a man who served in an outstand slumped over, unconscious, and not owned by George Halas, legendary ~Joss of ing manner during his years on Capitol the Chicago Bears football team. Kautz was Hill. breathing. Mr. Hunter immediately be chosen to the All-Star teams in his first two gan administering mouth-to-mouth re seasons in the pro league. With the outbreaK suscitation, restoring the victim's of World War II, Wibs joined the military WILLIAM ODIE WRIGHT breathing and permitting his removal and served in the intelligence branch. He TO RETIRE to a hospital. Mr. Hunter's prompt ac concluded his brilliant basketball career tion sustained the victim's life. after playing one season with the Chicago It is an honor to bring to the atten Stags following the end of the war. HON. MARK W. HANNAFORD Wibs joined the Chicago Park District in tion of my colleagues Mr. Hunter's gen OF CALIFORNIA 1953, and has been the supervisor of Mc erous action. If we all exhibited his com IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES passion and concern for the needs of Kinley Park and a member of the Back of the Yards Recreation Committee since 1960. Wednesday, June 16, 1976 others, the world would be a better place In 1970, he was made a charter member of in which to live. I congratulate Mr. the new Loyola Athletic Hall of Fame with Mr. HANNAFORD. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Hunter for the award he has received 20 other outstanding stars in celebration of William Odie Wright, superintendent of and express the thanks of all the people the university's 100 years of sports history. the Long Beach, Calif., Unified School of the 34th District. This Spring Wibs Kautz was chosen to District and the Long Beach Community represent the Chicago Park District in the College District since 1962, will retire on 8th Annual Superior Public Service Awards competition sponsored by the Chicago Associ June 29, 1976. Odie Wright has a long ation of Commerce and Industry. Other rep career of accomplishments that do him RETIREMENT OF WILBERT KAUTZ resentatives were selected from the City of and his family credit. He began his ca Chicago, Chicago Board of Education, City reer as an English teacher at Long HON. JOHN G. FARY Colleges of Chicago, Chicago Housing Author Beach's Polytechnic High School in 1938. ity, Cook County, Metropolitan Sanitary Dis During World War II, he served as di OF U..LINOIS trict, and the Chicago Transit Authority. rector of instruction and research at the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wilbert Kautz was voted the winner and U.S. Armed Forces Institute, returning Wednesday, June 16, 1976 was presented with the Superior Public Award by Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley to Long Beach in 1946 as dean of the Mr. FARY. Mr. Speaker, within the at a banquet in his honor at the Hyatt general adult division of Long Beach City Fifth illinois Congressional District is Regency Hotel. He and his lovely wife, the College. In 1952, he became principal of an area of Chicago called the "back of former Ada Black, plan to leave for the West Polytechnic High School, and he held the yards" neighborhood, noted for the Coast immediately in their new motor house that position until 1955, when he became community spirit of its people and the for their retirement haven in San Diego. deputy superintendent of schools and di good works performed by its civic and rector of educational personnel for the fraternal organizations. Long Beach Unified School District. In 1962, he was named superintendent. The Back of the Yards Journal for LESTER LEE TUDWELL May 19, 1976, carried an article by Joseph Odie's contribution to the community Hamzik which appears below. It describes has not been limited to working hours. He the career of an outstanding "back of HON. TOM BEVILL has served on many community orga the yards" athlete of former days, Wil nizations, including the Rotary Club, bert Kautz, who later became a com OF ALABAMA Community Redevelopment Corporation, munity leader and public servant in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Chamber of Commerce Education Com field of public recreation. Wednesday, June 16, 1976 mittee, YMCA, Red Cross, Ca:r;1eer Asso ciation, Heart Association, Tuberculosis I am proud to acknowledge that I Mr. BEVll..L. Mr. Speaker, all of us Association, Salvation Army, and Chil have had the privilege of "Wibs" Kautz' who work on Capitol Hill lost a good dren's Clinic. friendship for many years. The profound friend this past weekend when Mr. Les He also has held several professional infiuence for good that he has exerted ter Lee Tidwell was tragically killed. positions. In 1971, he was chairman of on the lives of thousands of youngsters Mr. Tidwell was a distinguished mem the Superintendents of Schools of Large deserves the highest praise. ber of the Capitol Hill Police force who U.S. Cities. He is a member of the Ameri He has helped mold the character of I am sure many of you have met and can Association of School Administra generations of young users of McKinley · talked with during your work in the tors and the Association of California Park by instilling confidence in them Capitol. School Administrators. He is a former through his supervision of their activi Mr. Tidwell was a native of Winston member of the executive committee and ties and games and by counseling them County, Ala., part of the Fourth Con Council on Intergovernmental Relations, on the problems inevitably to be en gressional District, which I represent. State of California, and the California countered in adult life. Through this connnection, I came to Commission on Vocational Education. I wish him the very best as he enters know Lester Lee Tidwell shortly after Mr. Wright has received many well upon his well-earned retirement. coming to Congress. Since meeting Mr. deserved awards during his long and dis The article follows: Tidwell, I have come to think of him as tinguished career. During 1976 alone he MCKINLEY PARK SUPERVISOR RETIRES the epitome of a Capitol Hill policeman. has been named the 1976 Distinguished The former All-American basketball star, His courtesy, friendship, and desire to Graduate by the Long Beach Citizens Wilbert "Wibs" Kautz, supervisor of McKin serve in an admirable manner were all Committee for Public Schools Week, the ley Park for the past 16 years will retire June traits I came to respect. And all of those 1976 recipient of the Long Beach Human 1st. Wibs grew up in the Back of the Yards traits will be missed by those of us who Relations Commission Award, and Citi community while attending Everett Public knew Lester Lee Tidwell. zen of the Year by the Exchange Club of School and Tilden Tech High. He was pro Long Beach. pelled into national fame as the leading Mr. Tidwell came to the ·washington scorer of the outstanding Loyola basketball area in 1965 and worked with the Fed The Long Beach School District, under teams of 1937-38-39. In his senior year, eral Bureau of Investigation until 1967 the direction of Superintendent Wright, Loyola possessed an undefeated record with when he joined the Capitol Hill Police has become one of the finest in the Na 20 victories when the team was invited to force. He was promoted to the rank of tion. Mr. Wright has established model play in what is now the National Invitational sergeant in 1971. In August of 1973, he educational programs that are emulated Tournament in Madison Square Gardens. was again promoted for his outstand by other districts throughout the State As an eastern newspaper read "It will be ing service, this time to the rank of and Nation. Mr. Wright's dedication to unbeaten Long Island against unbeaten lieutenant. his profession and efforts to make our Loyola of Chicago, a game between the last community a better place in which to live two undefeated titans in the country". The Lester Lee Tidwell will be buried in for all of us have made him a fine ex following day before 18,000 spectators Loyola his hometownn of Double Springs, Ala., ample for the youth of our area. lost in a closely contested game, which did on Friday, June 18, 1976. I want to ex- I have known and worked with Super- 18755 June 16, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS tion. But perhaps the simplest state enforcement. This entire increase in ef intendent Wright for 24 years. He is a forts to stem the flow of illegal drugs compassionate man, deeply committed ments say the most: the measure of a person is in the lengths to which he goes will be wiped out to pay for the proposed to insuring that all the young people in gift to the airlines. our area receive a first-rate education. for others. Lieutenant Davis has given much of himself. His integrity and his I regret, Mr. Speaker, that the ques All of us in the Long Beach area will tion on passage of the conference report miss Odie's leadership of our schools, but commitment have surely illuminated a path for many seeking a way to serve will be the only opportunity the House I am sure he will maintain his interest will have to vote on this amendment. It and dedication to the community and its others. Lieutenant Davis and his wife Marge has been the focus of far too little at people. raised two children and have resided in tention. It was adopted in the Senate as Evergreen Park for 25 years. How fortu a "perfecting" amendment and was not LT. LENDON R. DAVIS RETffiES nate for that area. Now the community subject to much discussion in confer is saying "thank you" for Lieutenant ence. Davis' years of dedicated and selfless However, it is the only vote we will HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO service. I know my colleagues join with have on this matter. Since our constitu OF ILLINOIS me in commending Lieutenant Davis and ents may not agree with the case for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wishing for him a most happy and ful this unbridled generosity, I think we owe filling retirement. it to them to send the bill back to con Wednesday, June 16, 1976 ference if that is the only way of defeat Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, today I ing the Senate amendment. would like to pay tribute to an outstand I make this proposal with complete ing public servant and conscientious citi CONFERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 9771 confidence in the ability of my able col zen. Lt. Lendon R. Davis, a veteran of 20 leagues on the Committee on Public years with the Evergreen Park Police Works and Transportation to reassemble Department, and acting chief of police HON. JOE MOAKLEY the conferees and bring back a report from 1968 through 1970, is retiring. Lieu OF MASSACHUSETTS deleting this matter. There is no reason tenant Davis' friends are numerous, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to believe that this cannot be done within they are organizing a gala retirement Wednesday, June 16, 1976 a week. Considering the cost of this ques party in his honor on June 24. It is a tionable proposal, a brief delay in final special recognition well deserved by this Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, next passage of a bill-first acted on in the fine man. week the House will vote on the confer House 6 months ago-seems reasonable. Perhaps anyone born on July 4th, as ence report on the Airport and Airway Lieutenant Davis was back in 1922, is Development Act Amendments of 1976 destined to create some fireworks. And
dustries is endangered with many industries assist considerably in helping to clarify our successful SST is likely to be American, or facing major organizational surgery and, in goals and objectives related to maintaining to be the result of a. cooperative American some cases, financial trauma. This is espe our preeminence in aviation. European effort. cially true of the aviation industry, particu The stagnant R&D activities related to a In closing, ladies and gentlemen, the in larly the civilhn segment, both manufactur future American SST needs review and re vestments we as a. nation have made 1n sci ing and airline. evaluation. And, I believe, the merits of the ence and technology have always paid sub In this country development of new air consortium approach to aviation research stantial dividends. This is as true today as it craft for civil use has always been primarily and production matters should be the sub was in the early development of this country the responsibility of private industry even ject of more favorable consideration-par when we put our science and technology to t hough industry has had considerable help ticularly in view of the staggering costs of work to develop our basic transportation sys both from technology developed by the mili «new'' aviation and aerospace products. tems. And today, this nation must not run tary and from production orders for military The recent statement by French Trans the risk of reducing its aeronautical lead. versions of many of the most successful civil port Minister Marcel Cavaillet that the Brit In this Bicentennial year, we all are find transports. But in the last few years, the ish and French are investigating the possi ing occasions for celebrating the progress of costs of research and development and other bility of a second-generation supersonic the past and for being thankful that we live pre-production costs related to producing a transport and would welcome U.S. coopera in a. country where progress has been possible new aircraft have virtually brought the in tion in this effort should receive very care and still is possible. Transportation is a. field troduction of new aircraft designs suited to ful study in this country. There is consider where our continental dimensions and our the major airlines to a standstill. As a case able merit in the idea of continued close sense of adventure have combined over the in point, pre-production costs of one of our cooperation with our European allies on ad centuries to produce some dramatic develop latest jumbo jets topped out at about $2 vanced technological programs such as a sec ments. One example of the dramatic is the billion. Some combination of government ond-generation SST. The exchange of re parade of tall ships which I expect to have and private initiative is going to be needed search and other data is a. worthwhile ac the pleasure of seeing here in New York har to finance the next generation of transports. tivity that can help expand the frontiers of bor on July 4. An example of some of the There is room here for much closer cooper aeronautical knowledge. Certainly those fron problems which progress engenders is the ation of several government departments- tiers need significant expansion if we are special air traffic rules which we will have in Defense, Transportation, Commerce, Treasury going to be ready with the aerodynamics, the effect here because of the large number of and State-to fill the existing void. materials, and the clean, quiet, efficient en sightseerers who are expected to jam the air As for the airline industry, there will be gines which will allow us to fly the new SST in the vicinity of this impressive fleet of demand for an impressive number of new economically in the late 80's or early 90's. sa1llng ships. But the Bicentennial is also a. aircraft in the years ahead to replace its The Concorde represents a great step for time for taking stock, for seeing where we aging fleet and to provide the additional ca ward in aviation and we share the British have been, what we think of where we are, pacity which normal growth will require. and French desire to keep this technology and where we are going as a society of free Airline and industry sources estimate the alive now that those two nations have decid people. need over the next 10 years at more than a ed not to build more than the 16 Concordes We are fortunate to live in a nation with thousand new aircraft, representing an in originally committed to production. Certain an economic system capable of producing vestment of about $20 billion. The financial ly, the United States could make important goods almost without limlt, a. system re climate within which our airline industry contributions to any such cooperative under sourceful enough to produce prosperity with now operates, with some equipment units taking on the basis of our experience in freedom and opportunity unmatched in the priced at upwards of $25 million per plane, building and operating military supersonic history of nations; and most important, a prohibits new acquisitions for all but the aircraft and our research and development system flexible enough to change its ways most prosperous airlines. Indeed, most car work with the civil supersonic transport. Al dramatically when circumstances call for a. riers can now afford only to lease badly though our own SST program was cancelled change. For our aviation/aerospace industry needed planes. The specter of another $20 in 1971, we have continued to explore, under the time is now. billion investment is just that--a specter! NASA's leadership, the feasibility of develop Our industry has problems. Both manufac So there's little doubt that we are facing ing environmentally and economically accept turers and airlines are in serious trouble. Air some very diffi.cult problems ahead 1n all able supersonic cruise vehicles. craft noise is not only affecting the quality aeronautical and aerospace matters. Solving But the SST is not the only aerospace pro o! life near our major airports, but has be them is going to take all the wisdom we can ject involving possible trans Atlantic co come a serious drag on our ability to expand muster. One of our major diffi.culties, I be operation. A number of U.S. aerospace firms ground facillties necessary to our future eco lieve, has been that in the past, like "Topsy," are exploring possible joint ventures with nomic health. To overcome these problems, we have "Just growed." And because the their European counterparts. A few are al we need to demonstrate some of that well necessary things were done, we took them for ready well along on joint venture programs. known fl.exibillty and imagination. granted. The public enchantment with the Most notable are the interactions on the "10 If we are to maintain a. healthy aviation wild blue yonder, the safety, speed and com ton" engine between General Electric and industry, keep our world trade position, then fort of air travel, the economy and attrac Snecma and among Pratt & Whitney. MTU, we must exhibit new dedication and visit'n. tiveness of business aviation, the promise o! Rolls Royce and Flat. Boeing also is pursuing We must demand a. vigorous national com space exploration, and the wonderful prow a number of projects with the French, Itali mitment to continuous and aggressive ad ess of military aviation all have led us to ans and others. Scarcity of capital at home vancement of our industry. And those of us expect continuing progress automatically and antitrust complications of intercompany in the public and private sectors must pool and have not prepared us for the challenges working agreements have led to the increased our resources and talents to see that an en we are beginning to face. It appears that our interest in forming alliances abroad. lightened public policy provides the oppor industry has marched off in so many direc This increased interest in foreign partners tunity for an enlightened private industry to tions, listening to so many drum beats, gov may be one answer to the imposing capital satisfy our transportation objectives to the ernment and public, that it has lost its sense requirements of funding new projects. It also ultimate profit and good of all of us. of direction. may satisfy the rising demand by the Euro What is needed now is better coordination pean aviation industry for a more significant among the industry, military, NASA, the FAA role in the world marketplace. A joint effort and other government agencies concerned to advance the prospects and the design of with aerospace matters to prevent further a next-generation SST would be in keeping EPISODE IN LENINGRAD-THE deterioration, indeed, to bolster the competi with this new spirit of international co LENINGRAD TRIAL OF 1970 tive prowess of our industry. The creative operation. Frankly, I believe that a. properly national teamwork that waned after putting paced, well thought out program would re men on the moon needs urgently to be re ceive favorable consideration by both the HON. BELLA S. ABZUG kindled and redirected toward strengthening private and public sectors in this country. OF NEW YORK the U.S. in productivity, innovation and in We're all waiting to see how, or if, the Con IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES ternational competitiveness. The cost of the corde SST service proves out from an eco technology of today, and increasingly that nomic as well as environmental point of view. Wednesday, June 16, 1976 of the future, requires the best thinking of NASA's work gives us confidence that engine economists, industry and government if the noise could be significantly reduced in a sec Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, in recent stance of aviation is to improve. Many are ond-generation SST. And NASA research also months many of our colleagues have speaking out for the compelling need for indicates that a second-generation SST might drawn our attention to those citizens of much better overall coordination of air and well approach today's narrow-body jets the Soviet Union who have been denied space transportation matters. Whether such pound for pound in fuel consumption. As the right to emigrate to Israel. It is gen responsibUlty can be placed 1n one individual for the United States entry into this con erally recognized that the event which and just where that person would sit, in the troversial area., I belleve that eventually there first focused world attention on these Executive Office, in a. special advisory coun wll be a.n American SST program because this cil omce, or in the DOT are problems for nation has demonstrated time and again in "orphans of the exodus" was the Lenin further study and Congressional considera aviation that we may not always be first but grad trial of 1970. At this time I would t ion. But I believe such a.n official could we usually end up being the best. The next like to share with my colleagues an ac- 18770 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1976 count of the trial and the events sur police informers "I thought, 'It will end this make a small fire and to sleep until about rounding it. This account, a portion of way, in talks, in discussions and in prepara six in the morning. After sunrise, it would tions,'" Silva said. "I thought that the mat which I am including in the RECORD, is be easier for us to find our location." ter would never reach the point when all of · "My watch ended at three in the morning entitled, "Episode in Leningrad". Vet us would have to sit in the airplane. So I and I was about to wake Borya Penson for eran journalist Murray Seeger of the thought, but in spite of that, I dreamed of his watch, but at that moment a man in Los Angeles Times is the author of the the day." uniform stepped from the trees and asked piece which appeared in Present Tense, On the spur of the moment, she told her for a light for his cigarette,'' Silva went on. the magazine of World Jewish Affairs. older brother, Wolf, an Army lieutenant who "I passed the matches to him and he lighted EPISODE IN LENINGRAD was home on leave from his post in Lithu his cigarette, stepped back to the woods and ania, about the scheme, Wolf said: "I can then turned back to us with a gun in his (By Murray Seeger) not even dream of Israel. When I shall be hands. He fired a shot over my head and For the Jews of the SoViet Union who had released from the Army, the law of secrecy shouted madly: 'Hands up.' been struggling to win the right to emigrate will apply to me for many years, and this Five hours later, Kuznetsov, Dymshits and to Israel, the historic turning-point was the thought alone makes me mad." He, too, their friends walked out of the small ter trial in 1970 of eleven foolish, naive young joined the plotters. minal building at Smolny and headed for people who hoped to steal a small airplane Kuznetsov went to Leningrad to meet with the 8:30 fiight to Priozersk. They never got and fiy to freedom in Scandinavia. Butman and the pilot, Mark Dymshits, and to the plane-two large groups of KGB The international reaction to the severe returned home more enthusiastic than ever. agents from Moscow and Leningrad sur sentences was so strong that the govern "It seemed that his wlll was as strong as steel rounded them and competed with each other ment had to reduce all of them. In the years and could move mountains," his wife remem to make arrests and rough them up. The since the defendants were carted off to jails bered. The organizers of the Riga delegation "wedding" was over. and prison camps, the fiow of Jewish emi gathered at Zalmanson's apartment to hear The formal investigation ended on Octo grants rose from an average of 2,000 for each Eduard's report and to plan the next steps. ber 27. The trial date was scheduled for No year from 1967 to 1970 to a peak of 35,000 in The first date picked for the "wedding" vember 20. On October 28, Kuznetsov refused 1973. Never before had so many individuals was May 2, 1970. At Kuznetsov's insistence, the services of a lawyer because, he said, won the right to leave the closed borders of two non-Jews, Yurt Fyodorov and Elik Mor "In political trials the defense has no signif the Russian homeland in such a brief period. zhenko, had been invited to join them. Kuz icance," and on November 20 he refused to Through 1974, when the annualfiow was re netsov personally vouched for both men, eat or drink. But there was an unexplained duced, the total outpouring from the date whom he had met in prison camp, but others delay. of the trial exceeded 100,000. in the group were opposed to taking anyone The postponement gave Kuznetsov more In the late summer 1974, the Kremlin except dedicated Jews. The two were finally time to think and on Dec. 10 he changed bowed to continued international pressure accepted. On April 28, four days before the his mind about making a defense and met and granted an amnesty and immediate exit target date, Butman called from Leningrad. with a lawyer. He was advised to "speak and to Silva Zalmanson, the heroine of the Len "Silva, the wedding is postponed until fall," behave like a repentant criminal resigned ingrad trial. She has provided for the first he said. "That's all--don't ask questions. to his fate." "I don't like his proposal,'' Kuz free testimony about the planning of the Eduard and Silva met with Dymshits and netsov wrote in his diary. "It is good to love hijack, the conduct of the trial and life in Butman in Leningrad. "I weighed every people and Russia, but from afar. In the a contemporary Soviet prison camp. thing, the risk is too big," Butman explained. West they have no idea of what's happening Silva Zalmanson's route to the prison "Too many people know of our plan, so many in the Soviet Union. They don't know that camp at Potma, a forbiddingly bleak, that certainly also the KGB knows. There is here we seek bread, not butter." swampy area about 350 miles east of Moscow, no sense in committing 'kamikaze.' " The government put eleven defendants on started in Riga, the capital of LatVia. She Despite an intense argument, Butman trial together on December 15. Two other was trained as a mechanical enigneer, held firm to his opinion. The other three de wives and two young girls arrested with the worked as an industrial designer and par cided to abandon him. Keeping only the Kuznetsov-Zalmanson group were released ticipated in the preparation and distribution code name for their plan, the trio set out to without explanation. Wolf Zalmanson was of underground literature, known as make a less ambitious attempt to grab a to be tried individually as an Army officer, samizdat. twelve-seat biplane, the Antonov-2, from following the main trial but before a sec Hillel Butman of Leningrad, one of Silva's the strip at Smolny Airport, a small field ond arraignment of hijack defendants. Those associates in the distribution of samizdat, near Leningrad. in the first trial were charged with violating called her excitely in February 1970 and On May 28 in Riga, Silva received a coded Chapter 64-15 of the crimlnal code of the made a date to meet her on Gorky Street, message indicating that Israeli government Russian Republic, the crime of treason for Riga's central artery. officials opposed any attempted hijacking. trying to leave the country without permis Afraid he was about t o be arrested, But Silva answered that the plan was cancelled sion, and Section 93-15, theft of government man told Silva about a tentative plan to but, as she said later, "I lied-we decided to property. Eight were also charged with break organize a large group of Jews who, with the go the limit." ing Section 70, generating anti-Soviet propa help of an already enlisted pilot, would hi A week later, Dymshits telephoned from ganda, and Section 72, participating in an jack an airplane. Leningrad. "The wedding will take place," anti-Soviet organization. The code word for the enterprise was to be he announced. "Edik is invited to the en "I was brought into the courtroom as the "wedding." Silva was to recruit a delegation gagement party." last one,'' Silva recalled. "At last, I saw our of trusted people from Riga who would join The new plan called for the sixteen whole company. I was impressed at once by those already lined up by Butman. plotters to split into two groups. Kuznetsov their being clean-shaven and properly Silva took Butman to the apartment where and Dymshits would lead the larger one to dressed-everything was ready for the 'pa she lived with her brother, Israel; her father, Smolny Airport to board a regular AN -2 rade.' All of us were put into the dock. We Joseph, and her new husband, Eduard Kuz flight bound for Priozersk, north of Lenin exchanged a brief 'shalom' and expressed netsov. A former student at Moscow State grad and then to Satavalla, a former Finnish all other words only in hurried glances. I University, the country's most prestigious city inside the restricted border zone. The looked at Edik and he looked at me. In my school, Kuznetsov had been released in 1968 twelve boarding at Smolny were to act like thoughts I asked him to forgive me every after serving seven years in camps and the strangers to each other. Silva, Mary and Leib thing I might have said improperly during notorious Vladimir Prison for "anti-Soviet" Knokh, and Boris Penson were to camp out the investigation, and his return glance told activities. He was twenty years old when he in the forest near the Priozersk runway. me that he understood and forgave me." was arrested in 1961 along with his friends, When the plane was on the ground, the pas Prisoners in the Soviet Union assume from Anatoly Ivanov and Yuri Osipov, for publish sengers were to grab the pilots, tie them up the moment of their arrest that they will be ing an illicit magazine, Phoenix-61. and put them in sleeping bags under the punished. The criminal justice and political Butman and Kuznetsov "took a walk," the trees. The four on the ground would then security systems assume a position of in safe way to carry on a conversation when a also board the plane and it would be flown fallibility. Some defendants, as Solzhenitsyn Soviet citizen assumes he is under surveil to freedom by Dymshits. has reported, defy their captors, argue with lance by the KGB. As a former prisoner, On June 14, Kuznetsov watched from a their interrogators and persistently refuse to under the section of t he law concerning distance as Penson and Silva bought tickets admit their guilt regardless of the pressures "anti-Soviet activities," Kuznetsov had to at the Finland Station in Leningrad for the put on them. But most are willing to admit a assume he was being shadowed as a poten rail stop near Priozersk. "They are following great deal in the hope that their sentences tial security risk. As a Jewish activist, Silva us," Kuznetsov told the others. When Silva will be moderated. expected the same attention. Although they and her friends went to the baggage room to Silva and Israel Zalmanson, Dymshits and had not met before, "Edik." Kuznetsov and retrieve their luggage, they found it had Mendel Bodnya pleaded guilty to the charges Butman quickly became friends. been searched. Still, the four Jews boarded against them while Fyodorov pleaded inno According to Kuznetsov's diary, during the train heading north. cent. The others entered modified pleas, ad their conversation Butman said: "I have a "We did not encounter the followers and mitting many of the facts presented against friend who is a good pilot. We have no other entered the forest," Silva recounted. "Very them but not the government's legal con way out but to organize a group." soon we lost our way. Penson and Knokh clusions. The plotters knew they had to be extreme went to find the way but could not find the On December 22, the prosecutor, S. Y. ly cautious. Even among the Jews there were airport i:..... the night darkness. We decided to Solouyev, summed up the evidence and ex- June 16, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18771 panded widely on the alleged evils of the "in to paste up anti-government slogans; fugi the door closed. 'Well,' I thought, 'they ap trigues of international Zionism!' The tives from the Soviet Union, and we Jews parently went to fill out the documents for defendants were shocked to hear the severity claiming the right of going to Israel. my release. Perhaps there is no amnesty but of the penalties he requested from the court. "All these people, apart from us, the Jews, because I received so many encouraging Probably determined in advance by the KGB aspired when they were free to change the cables I shall be released anyway.' " and party officials, the sentences sought were: Soviet regime. They sought truth, justice and Silva's term in the cell ended in February Kuznetsov and Dymshits, death by firing an honorable life. One can say that those who and, by comparison, she found living in the squad; Fyodorov, a Russian, and Murzhenk:o, got to the camp were fortunate-many have barracks with other prisoners again "almost a Ukrainian, fifteen and fourteen years re been sent to prisons and, still worse, to psy a paradise.'' A major improvement was the spectively; Leib Knokh, thirteen years; Ana chiatric prisons. A citizen protesting against food-"boiling soup for dinner and there is toly Altman, Israel Zalmanson and Boris the regime of compulsion and injustice is bread," she observed. Penson, twelve years; SUva Zalmanson, ten considered by the authorities as an 'anti-So Returning to the barracks also meant go years in strict regime and Bodnya, five years. viet,' as a dangerous and crazy person, whom ing back to sewing canvas work gloves. They The two non-Jews were to be committed to one should send to a camp or an asylum for worked in poor light with machines that the toughest kind of prison camp and Bodnya the mentally sick-'to isolate him from the broke down frequently to meet work quotas the mildest, with "strict regime," the middle healthy population,' as it is usually stated that entitled them to a little extra food. level of confinement, for the others. in the Soviet Union." Ordinarily, breakfast consisted of a thin The defendants were then asked to make In the women's barracks, Silva found in soup but those who met their quotas were any final statements before the court pro formers who were given extra rations of food able to get, in addition, a cereal augmented nounced its sentences. As Kuznetsov noted in in return for their reports on more trouble with vegetable fats and sometimes sugar. his diary, "Silva's words were the best." Re some prisoners. One of the spies was Kogan, Lunch was usually cabbage soup and a thin corded by her relatives and dispatched to the a Jew sentenced to seven years for mailing cereal. At night there might be some fried Western press in Moscow and around the anonymous critical letters to the govern fish and again cereal. The small wages paid world, Silva's words became a rallying cry ment. Another was a Tatar woman, Bak for the work could be spent by prisoners in for the entire international movement in doleeva, jailed for making critical remarks, good standing for tobacco, margarine, cheese, support of Soviet Jews. who was also an anti-Semite. When Bak canned fish, grey bread and jam at a camp "The prosecutor has not proposed that doleeva persistently made anti-Jewish re store. heads should roll for something that has not marks to Kogan, Silva lost her temper and During her term, Silva suffered frightful been done," she said. "And if the court agrees, attacked her. stomach pains and persistent nausea. The then such wonderful people as Kuznetsov Silva had been in the camp fifteen months sewing work hurt her back and she had and Dymshits will die. I don't think that So when this incident occurred. She was charged trouble with her eyes from the combination viet law can consider anyone's 'intention' to with "violating discipline," and given slx of bad light and close work; she could not live in another country 'treason' and I am months in the tougher "strict regime bar• meet her quotas. She semed to be losing her convinced that the law ought to bring to racks." She considered herself lucky n<>t to hearing and as the result of an accident in court those who unlawfully deny our right be sent to a more distant camp. the barracks she burned her foot seriously to live wbere we want to. "I was given the worst cell in the whole and was sent to the camp hospital. There "Let the court at least take into considera building which was set aside for political she met Olya, the wife of a worker from near tion that if we were allowed to leave there prisoners, but a single cell which was orig Moscow. would be no 'criminal collusion• which has inally designed for two. There were two iron One evening in the spring of 1974, Silva caused so much suffering to us and even cots between which I could choose," she said. was called to the visitors' room. She had greater distress to our famllies. . . . Our Instead of cloth netting, the cots had grids been expecting her younger brother, Syoma, dream of living in Israel was incomparably of narrow iron strips. "This would not have to visit but did not know when he would stronger than fear of the suffering we might been so bad," she remarked, "except that come because of the long, difficult process be made to endure. . . . Even now, I do not at the places of welding of the strips there required to get permission and arrange for doubt for a minute that sometime I shall go were long, sharp knots. Such a bed is prob such a trip. With great excitement she after all and that I wlll live in Israel. . . . ably suitable for a Yogi who is prepared to entered the visitors' room but instead of her This dream, illuminated by two thousand sleep on nails." brother she found her codefendant, Yuri years of hope, will never leave me.... If I "During the night hours I used to spring Fyodorov, sitting there with his wife, Na forget you, 0 Jerusalem, let my right hand up every ten minutes out of bed and start tasha. Then, belatedly, Syoma entered the wither away." hopping like mad, trying to speed up the room and they sat at a second table to talk. The nPxt day the com·t imposed the sen blood circulation in my veins. But for such Silva assumed that much of what she said tences the prosecutor had requested, ex hopping one needs strength and I had none would be overheard by Fyodorov and con cept in three cases-Israel Zalmanson was the food was just sufficient so that one did veyed to her husband, since the men were given eight years and Penson ten, each in not die of hunger. Without a letter from Edik, confined to the same barracks. She was sur stead of twelve; Bodnya four instead of three. I don't know what would have been the end prised to hear her brother suggest: "Silva, Apparently because of widespread huge in of it." appeal for a pardon; it is worthwhile for you ternational revulsion expressed against the The message from her husband was simply to appeal in writing for a pardon." Natasha sentences levied in Leningrad, the Russian a short note smuggled hand-to-hand from then turned and made a similar plea. Republic Supreme Court examined the de his nearby camp to the strict barracks where "No, I do not want a pardon. I do not fendants' appeals in six days instead of wait Silva was confined. "You are cold, I know," want their pardon!" Silva answered. ing the normal two weeks. he wrote. "You are to hop. Imagine that you An inspector soon entered the room and On Dec. 31, the court announced it had were sent to a sports contest for six months ordered the two couples to separate. Silva found it poss!ble to commute the two death so hop!" and her brother were moved to another room sentences because the plan of Kuznetsov and "Who else could know except Edik, who and talked for another hour. But she was Dymshits "was stopped at the stage of an at spent so much time in the punishment cell convinced the joint meeting was staged by tempt, while the death penalty is an excep and solitary confinement," she said. "So, I the KGB to persuade her to ask for mercy tional measure of punishment." The two hopped unttl I ran out of strength. Unless I and to give them an excuse to show their leaders were given fifteen years, Kuznetsov in did so, I would have frozen to death." generosity and counteract the massive inter the toughest type of camp and Dymshits in In December 1972, a rumor swept through national campaign generated by Jews and the "strict regime." The sentences of three the strict barracks that an amnesty was to their supporters around the world. others-Mendelevich, Knokh and Altman be declared-a common wishful thought Silva's release was announced without ad were reduced. There was no change in Silva among Soviet prisoners for decades. Silva's vance notice to her in midsummer, 1974. Zalmanson's sentence. neighbors first told her the amnesty would "Zalmanson, you got an amnesty," a guard Silva arrived at Camp 10 in Potma, Mor apply to those with terms of ten years or told her. dovia, in June 1971. Her husband and most of more. They then amended that to five years "But I did not ask for amnesty," she an her friends were confined in other parts of and finally to terms of less than five years. swered. the same complex of two dozen camps in the "I decided to believe in the first version· it "Asked for it or not, it makes no differ desolate, wooded swamps 335 miles east of made me feel warmer," Silva said. ' ence," he said. "Take your things, you are Moscow. "I sat in my cell," Silva continued. "My free." "The camp in Potma, in which I was im teeth knocked from the cold. I waited. When Silva went to the Moscow office for over prisoned, is a prison for political criminals, will the lieutenant colonels come to free me? seas passports (OVIR) on August 23, 1974, people whose opinions differ from those of I hear a rattle at the door and somebody asks but insisted she would not leave the coun tr~ the authorities-democrats, religious people, from the threshold: 'Are there any com until her husband and brothers were also nationalists from the Baltic countries and plaints?' released. She found this effort was useless, others dreaming of the liberty of their fath "I thought: 'What is the use of complain however, so she finally accepted the "pink erland and of its independence from the Mos ing now when I am being released?' And piece of paper opening the gates of the cow metropolis; members of illegal, anti-So then I said, 'No complaints.' The lieutenant fatherland for which it was worthwhile to viet organizations, individual rebels who used colonels retreated from the threshold and fight and to risk one's life." 18772 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1976 The other Leningrad defendants are still be wildly inflationary yet makes no provision tive that business would be forced to raise imprisoned. While the Soviets gained sub for dealing with a potential wage-price ex wages to attract workers back to the private stantial humanitarian credit points by re plosion. In deference to the AFL-CIO, it sector. This, he says, would in turn "bring l~asing the one woman punished for the omits any reference to wage and price con people out of the woodwork and into the escape attempt, they hold her friends as a trols or, for that matter, to any form of job market. As a result, the labor force ~ ill warning to any other Jews who might be incomes policy. grow-without exaggeration-by 3 % to 4% w1111ng to take incredible risks to win the Humphrey-Hawkins would establish ..the more than it would otheJLwise. right of emigration. right of all adult Americans able, willing, Schultze, too, says that the wage pro and seeking work to opportunities for use vision would set a new general wage pattern fUl paid employment at fair rates of com and be too inflationary. To deal with infla pensation." But unlike the Employment tion, he advoca~s some form of incomes WHAT HUMPHREY-HAWKINS Act of 1946 which stated the same general policy short of controls, ''perhaps a social WOULD MEAN goal, the blll sets up a mandatory process for contract arrangement such as the British achieving it and puts some hard numbers are trying, where tax cuts are given in return on the objective. It specifies full employ for wage moderation." In addition, he would HO . MARVIN L. ESCH ment as a 3% adult unemployment rate, lfke to see the targets in the blll made "less OF MICHIGAN and it orders the coordination of all govern specific." ment economic policy to achieve this level Similarly, Tobin says he "would look more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Within four years of enactment. In addition, kindly on the b111 1f it had a.n incomes policy Wednesday, June 16, 1!176 the blll WOUld: alternative," but he adds that "this mecha Put the government into economic plan nism should be available at the start C1f such Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker. in the past ning through an elaborate process that an effort, not when the economy gets into 2 weeks several issues regarding the would involve the President, his CEA, Con trouble." Tobin and Wachter both argue Humphrey-Hawkins bill have been ad gress, the Federal Reserve Board, and a that the structural reforms suggested in the dressed, particularly economic issues bevy of advisory groups. They would be re bill should oome into play at the outset, or concerning inflation, employment, and quired to come up with an annual "full em else Humphrey-Hawkins would merely pump the bill's counterproductive economic ef ployment and balanced growth plan." up the economy and never get to underlying fects. A thorough discussion of the bill Require the government to take steps, pri labor market problems. marily through coordinated fiscal and mone Rubbing noses. With all the b111's flaws, it must include views from many sides. The tary policy, to fulfill the plan, and if the is, as Okun says, "the Ittmus test for liberal bill, of course, was authored by those who long-term goals cannot be met in a given ism in economics." And most of the liberals would be called economic "liberals," and year, require the government to act as em do have some good things to sa.y about it. it has recently attracted much eomment pl<>yer of last resort, using public service job Schultze says, "We must keep rubbing the from liberal economists. Two weeks ago, programs. government's nose in the problem of chronic Business Week published the views of Mandate that pay scales for jobs spon unemployment." All agree on the need for a several leading liberal economists. It is sored by the government reflect prevailing government process that coordinates macro very important to point out that these w ge rates. and microeconomic policies, with special men oppose the Humphrey-Hawkins The 5o-page blll contains a great deal of emphasis, as Eckstein puts it, "on making detail and would require numerous pieces the Fed cooperate in achieving over-all ec<> proposal rather than favor it. Their dis o1 enabling legislation to implement it fully. nomic goals instead of just reacting to cussion centers on various aspects of the But even in its broad outlines, most econ weekly data." bill that would rekindle double-digit in omists consider it overambitious. Current Eckstein thinks that Humphrey-Hawkins flation such as forced tight labor mar ly, for example, the House version defines involves "principally a. set of plans, studies, kets, fiscal-stimulus requirements, man an "adult" as 16 years old and above. Hum reports, and advisers to advise the advisers." dated wages, and ather problems. Their phrey wants to raise that to 18, but even at But he also sees it as an alternative ''to 18. the 3% adult unemployment target im tell1ng the public we've got to live with high analysis is stimulating and provides some unemployment for years and are so intel important insights. The article is here plies an over-all rate of roughly 3.5%, ac cording to both Administration and Con lectually bankrupt we won't even try to do with inserted in the RKCORD far the con gressional economists. And the U.S. has never something." sideration of all Members: achieved a 8.5 rate over a sustained period. Does Eckstein endorse the biD? ..No," he WHA-r Hl:TMPHREY-HAWKINS WoULD MEAN In fact, and regardless of whether an adult says, "I don't have to. I'm not running for Despite the economy's strong recovery In 1s defined as 16 or 18, achievement of 3% President." the past. year, the Democrats believe that the would require phenomenal growth rates in critical issue in the Presidential campaign gross national product. Says Levitan: "You'd is still unemployment. To sharpen the Issue, have to keep real GNP growing at least 7.5% they have made the proposed Full Employ a year through 1980, and we've never grown TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO ment and Balanced Growth Act of 1976, so fast for so long a period." TODAY sponsored by Senator Hubert H. H'umphrey Prediction. No one really knows what kind (D-Minn.) and Representative Augustus F. of inflation would occur if the economy Hawkins (D-Calif.), their vehicle for con steamed up that much, but economists are HO . CHARLES E. WIGGINS vincing the Amercian public that they really sure it would be explosive. Michael Wachter OF CALIFORNIA care, while the Republicans do not. Indeed, of the University of Pennsylvania, a mem IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Democratic leaders in Congress are counting ber of Democrat Jimmy Carter's economic on President Ford to veto the b111, which advisory team, estimates that "an attempt Wednesday, June 16, 1976 they are certain will pass both houses, and to get down to 3% unemployment by 1980 are planning to write it tnto their party plat or so chiefly with aggregate-demand stim Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years form to keep the issue hot. ulus could cause inflation of 15% or more." ago, on June 18, 1776, the Continental One trouble with the Democrats' script, Carter has endorsed Humphrey-Hawkins Congress, attempting to curb the many however, is that, while lt may have wide in principle, but Wachter fears that the bill abuses and illegal actions to which loyal political appeal, Humphrey-Hawkins is play could turn out to be "an albatross for Jim ists had been subjected, adopted the fol ing badly with a crowd that should have my, assuming he's nominated," 1f the blll's lowing resolution- loved a full-employment bfll: the liberal proponents succeed in their efforts to write That no man in these colonies, charged economics establishment that normally pro it into the party's platform. vides the ideas and intellectual muscle for with being a tory, or unfriendly to the cause "Given the economics profession's wide of American liberty, be injured in his person the Democrats' legislative programs. spread opposition to the bill in its present The critics read like a Who's Who of liberal or property, or in any manner whatever dis form," says Wachter. "it will be a liability turbed, unless the proceeding against him economics: Charles L. Schultze of the Brook for Carter. It's the wrong b111 to deal with ings Institution, who says, "Call me a be founded on an order of this Congress, or the problems that we face. The Democrats (a duly constituted body) of the district friendly critic"; his Brookings colleague should putt ing real issues into the plat Arthur Okun, former Democratic chairman oo wherein he resides; provided, that this res :r:orm-mea.sures that deal specifically with. olution shall not prevent the apprehending of the Council of Economic Advisers, who structural unemployment and supply prob any person found in the commission of some concedes that the bill 1s "beautiful poetry"; lems. This is what they should test Ford act destructive of American liberty, or justly Franco Modigliani of MIT; :!ormer CEA on." suspected of a design to commit such act, and member James Tobin. of Yale; manpower ex From Levitan, the inflation warning oomes intending to escape, and bringing such per pert Sar Levitan of George Washington Uhi through even more alarmingly: "We can do son before proper authority for examination verslty; and Otto Eckstein of Harvard, an much more to reduce unemployment than and trial. other Democratic CEA veteran. Ford wants to do,. but not this way. What Inflation fear: Most of them either decline Congress is doing with this blll is shooting Although innocent of any wrongdoing, to endorse Humphrey-Hawkins-in its present at a rapidly moving target." As if 3% were thousands of loyalists and their property form, or do so with many qualifications. not tough enough, says Levitan, the wage confiscated, were imprisoned and suf Their biggest concern is that the b111 would provisions would make public jobs so attrac- fered many indignities. June 16, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18773 THE MIDDLE WEST: BALANCE you came from, but can you do it? So the I WHEEL OF THE REPUBLIC West became freeways and hopeful transients First, I'll tell you the bad news: Liberal and neon greetings to open spaces. The West education 1s in danger; its future is precar goes without neckties, has dinner on the ious at best. patio and doesn't worry that much about The United States is, above all else, a na HON. JOHN BRADEMAS Henry Kissinger. OF INDIANA tion of very practical-minded people. If we Again, historically, the Middle West func spend time and money and effort, we want a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions as a balance wheel between the ram return. We like to know quite specifically Wednesday, June 16, 1976 bunctious West and the more rigid institu what we're buying. It's easy to estimate the tionalized East. But in recent years, the west value of a course on how to upholster a Mr.- BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I in has become more subtle in its life style and chair, or repair an automobile; easy to judge sert in the RECORD a splendid column by has even become concerned about its allur what price makes it worth your while, Nick Thimmesch published in the New ing qualities. The states of Washington, Ore whether for a vocation as an upholsterer or gon and California aren't at all eager to ac an auto mechanic, or for a do-it-yourself York Times of June 6, 1976. cept newcomers. They want to sit back and The column, "The Middle West: 'Bal hobby. enjoy without being pestered by Visitors and But how does one know how much money ance Wheel' of the Republic, .. follows: unseemly growth. or time is a good investment to study Vic THE MIDDLE WEST: BALANCE WHEEL OF THE The great surge of movement, of growth, torian literature or ancient and modern REPUBLIC 1n America is felt in the South and South theories of political society? You might be (By Nick Thimmesch) west; the balance wheel can handle it. The convinced that such things are important, South is in a marvelous renaissance, freed DuBuQUE, IowA-The rich, black soil of but how do you put a price on it? As every of its fetters over race and receiving over salesperson knows, and every consumer Iowa plays host to the recently planted corn. due respect. Visit the Southwest and you'll Farmers claim that only Inclement weather knows, when the price is in doubt, the sale wonder if there ever was a recession. High is in doubt. can stop them from having another boomer rises shooting like beanstalks. Glistening year. Unemployment is lower here than 1n Some people say that price isn't a problem new shopping centers proudly sprawling. Ex because there are now so many courses avail other regions. The Middle West, in this Bicen citement and vigor. and that's why they do tennial year, remains the balance wheel to able that are free or have a very low tuition get worked up over the Panama Canal. Lusty charge. But, of course, there is no such thing the Republic. The heartland stretches from red, white and blue-that's the tone in the Ohio westward halfway through Nebraska, as a free service. Courses offered in public sunbelt states. institutions, or in some private institutions, and from Minnesota south well into Mis All of this amounts to generalization. of souri. It is not the most spectacular region course. Walls do not isolate our great re may cost the user relatively little. or even in the nation, but surely is the steadiest. nothing, but that just means the service is The Middle west considers the East's dictums gions. There 1s big traffic back and forth 1n subsidized by others, either by donors or and the West's enthusiams, perhaps Indulg people and ideas. Our nation 1s Vitalized be taxpayers, which means that it is paid for at ing itself for a while, but always comes to cause of such Intercourse. full cost, but 1n a different way. And there its senses, thus moderation. But it's reassuring to reflect on the whole, 1s no way for others to subsidize the stu The political liberalism in the Middle West as we move closer to the 200th birthday of dent's cost in personal effort. 1s usually practiced by people unam.tcted With the Republic and realize that the Middle So the question still remains, what is im urges to destroy. The conservatism 1s the sort West quite nicely fills the role of the na portant enough to teach and study at con which judged Barry Goldwater radical 1n tional balance wheel. Ours is a society capa siderable cost to individuals or to society as 1964, because it perceived him to be against ble of great gyrations and regional shimmy. a whole? And 1s liberal education part of Social Security, assistance to agriculture and But 1n the heartland there is a stablllty and what is important? Liberal education is in reckless with peace. measured approach-in fact, word and a precarious position in these times because This year Middle Westerners seem comfort deed-which serves the Republic so well. the answer to that question is not obviously able with Jimmy Carter. They ask a vlsitor and automatically, YES; the answer takes from Washington whether Carter would be a some thinking about. good President, and they also want to know, n: of late, what kind of man is California Gov. Edmund (Jerry) Brown. WHAT DmECTION FOR LIBERAL The future of liberal education is precar Talk to Republicans and you wlll hear EDUCATION? Ious. That's the bad news. The second kind concern about President Ford's challenge of news I have to tell you is worse: Liberal from Ronald Reagan. The question which education has always been in danger, has keeps popping up is, will Reagan really beat HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER always been 1n a precarious situation. The primary reason can be stated briefly and the President out of the nomination? OF WISCONSIN Middle Westerners are more interested 1n bluntly: It is part of the nature of liberal Barbara Walters and her $1-mlllion-a-year IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES education that it is annoying, and the people job than they are in the Panama Canal. Hell, Wednesday, June 16, 1976 who are liberally educated are annoying said one man whose patriotism is above re they may be helpful, they may provide beauty proach, what is the canal good for anymore Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. and joy to our lives, they may even be ab anyhow? He had read a lot about it and Speaker, recently the House of Repre solutely indispensable, but above all they figured that while it was just fine that Teddy sentatives debated and passed two bills are annoying: they are truly a public Roosevelt was so proud of it, today the canal nuisance. isn't worth going to war over. on post-secondary education. During the The aim of liberal education is to know People who live along the Mississippi River course of debate, scant attention was the truth, and the actiVity of liberal educa enjoy catfish and avoid extremes. Inland, given to liberal education. Though it was tion is to ask unsettling questions. Liberal around the cities and towns which dot the a topic of little discussion, liberal educa education questions what society does not undulating prairie, brown and black now tion is something we should ponder if question; it challenges beliefs that society until the corn shoots emerge, there seems we are not to lose our focus on where we accepts as true; it insists that things that to be contentment from not thinking about are obscure, complicated, difficult. and even politics or great issues. It would be difficult have been and where we are going, both dreary, are really more deserving of our at to get anyone from Algona, Iowa, worked up individually and collectively. tention than things that are clear, simple, over Angola. Robert Goldwin, Special Consultant to easy, and immediately entertaining. What There is great value to the nation in hav the President, recently described the fu could be more annoying? ing this Middle Western balance wheel. The ture of liberal education in a very Liberal education also claims to know East has its high practitioners of doomsay thoughtful speech at the University of what is good for us; in fact, it claims to know ing. Too many of the lnfiuential in the Nebraska-Omaha. better than we know ourselves, what is good great metropolises are jaded. Still, the East for us. And we keep asking, 1f it's so good holds considerable power, generates many Because of the importance of this subject I commend Dr. Goldwin's re for us. why does it so often bore us and new ideas and has a corner on the com fatigue us and make us feel like rebellious munications and opinion-making business. marks to my colleagues attention: children waiting for the school bell to ring? The West has always been a refuge from THE FuTuRE OF LmERAL EDUCATION the East, especially whenever the East be Also, not just in 20th century America. but came problematic. The West also lured those Several months ago, I was asked to talk to in all times and societies it has been hard who were bored in the Middle west or fail you about "The Future of Liberal Educa to see just what you can do with a liberal ing in it. Adventurism always characterized tion." I have been thinking about and even education, just how you can make a living the West. Frederick Jackson Turner's thesis worrying about it, ever since. And the more with it. Long ago a liberally educated man that the West served as a national safety I thought, and the more I worried, the more wrote that "to a starving man, bread is more valve stands up well. clear it became to me that I have three kinds important than philosophy." At what finan Take a chance 1n the West because people of news to deliver about the future of liberal cial distance from starvation does the bal out there don't care who you are or where education. ance start to shift away from bread to 18774 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1976 philosophy? The liberally educated are often Let me explain why I use the word psyche, Descartes. the great French philosopher, seen waiting at the doors of the rich and originally, of course, a Greek word. What wrote the first book of an.alytic geometry. powerful, but how often are the rich and ever psyche is, it is what psychology studies You don't need to be a mathematician to powerful seen waiting at the doors of the and psychiatry treats. Psyche is sometimes follow what I am about to tell you, and I liberally educated? translated from the Greek as mind, some promise not to draw any diagrams. Descartes' Legitimate doubts, annoyances, and com times as soul, sometimes as spirit. We mod book begins by saying that there is a certain p l:lints endanger liberal education, now 1n erns are in the strange position of putting problem of geometry, called the problem of a ll times, and make its future precarious, in great faith in psychology and psychta.try Pappus, that has gone unsolved for more e7itably. Liberal education can thrive oniy bu~ doubting the existence of the psyche~ of than a thousand years. He describes it and with strong support from the public or pow eating soul food, listening to soul music_ draws the diagram; it takes a page or two erful pa trons, and why should we expect such speaking of people as lacklng soul or having just to state the problem. Then he says, now support for what is considered a public soul--but doubting the existence of the soul; I will show yon the power of my new method nuisance and even a threat to those who are of. singing spirituals, having spirited con of geometry: I will solve this thousand-year powerful? versations, celebrating the Spirit o! '76-but old unsolved problem. If anyone doubts what I am saying, about doubting the existence of the human spirit. Step one: Consider the problem solved. the annoyance power of liberal studies and We are not sure that anything really exists Step two: How did I do it? And in a few the people who make them a full-time occu that is not composed of matter. pages Descartes leads the reader to an under pation, if anyone thinks I am exaggeratiii& That is what we mean when we acknowl standing of a new method o! mathematical just remember ancient Athens and Socrates. edge that we are materialistic, and mate reasoning, analysis. This new problem Socrates was the g;Lory of Athens-in my rial1sm is another reason why liberal educa solving technique, as we would now call it, opinion~ more so than their poets, their play tion, the education that Eeeks to liberate starts. at the end, with the tusk complete, and wrights, their sculptors, their architects. t~ psyche, is in danger. Psyche is not ex goes backward, breaking it down into parts: actly the same as soul, not exactly the same their political leaders-and Athens was the that is, an.alyzing it. Immediately we see as mind, and not exactly the same as spirit.. best city in the ancient world, perhaps the what we have always halt-known. For ex best ever. What authority do I have that but psyche is everything that we human ample, it is easier, after we have made a latter claim? Socrates himself. He never left beings are that is not physical, material, matter, body. Those who are convinced that trip, to say what route we took, step by Athens except in military service. Even when. step, than to lay out the :route in advance, death was the alternative, Socrates refused there is nothing that is not matter, and an offer to leave Athens to live elsewhere. their numbers are great, are unlikely to be especially if we have never been there, and strong advocates and defenders o! liberal even. more especially li we are not sure But the Athenia.ns executed Socrates, for the where we are going. crime of annoyance-extreme, upsetting. ag education, which exists to give freedom to gravated annoyance. What annoyed them? the psyche. Further, once Descartes developed the method of analysis, it occurred to him, and His complete dedication to thinkln.g and If liberal education is not defined by the questioning and seeking the truth. He ques subjects studied, how can we defend it2 to others since, that ancient geometry, euclidean plane and solid geometry, now tioned everything, and that was intolerable. Surely everyone of us has taken a course And if ancient Athens dld not tolerate the usually considered a part of liberal edu called synthetic geometry, to distinguish it finest example of liberal education, what cation and found that it not only did not from analytic geometry, had no visible kind of society will be hospitable to those free our psyche, it put it into a state of method o! its own but as really analytic who try to follow his example? The obvious numbness closely akin to death. Great geometry disguised. That is, in order to answer to that question expla.lns why r say dramas, w0nderful poetry, Shakespeare him kno how to solve a difii:cult problem in euc:lldean geometry, you may have to see the that liberal education is, and always has self', can be taught in such a way that any an.s.wer first, see the problem in its entirety, been, and probably always will be, in danger. human being feels hl~Ii' being enslaved, feels t h e handcuffs and ankle-chains tight analyze it int-o its parts, and see how the In ening, and realizes that boredom can be sa problem was solved. Descartes pected that I have talked an this time abcut liberal severe as to make one long for death. Why the ancients then erased it from their aware education without tell1ng you h t r think should such activity be called liberal educa ness, and proceeded step by step to the solu it is, without defining my terms. It is not easy tion? tion as if they ere approaching it anew, for me to be very precise because I am not Less common, is that rare encounter wit h without ever having been there. one who thinks of liberal education pr1- the master teacher who can guide you to un That's why euclidean geometry can be so marlly in terms of certain courses or sub cover deep meaning 1n the activity of shap delightful and also so f'rustrating: frustrat jects to study. ing pieces of wood or a lump of clay or eve;n ing because you feel you are proceeding It is much easier for others, ho think a bunch of flowers. When I speak of deep blindly, delightful because there are such liberal education is a certain list of subJects.. meaning I do not mean that you see it 1n the wonderful surprise endings--if you get there. to tell you what liberal educat1on is. English wood or the clay or the :flowers. No, you see Descartes took away both the frustrations literature is, for example, carpentry is not., it in yourself. Why should such activity and the delightful surprises--an alteration according to most people. "I teach the liberal not he called llberal education? o-r the human condition now caned modern arts," someone says, and we guess, is i~ If I am right, almost any learning effort ity. philosophy, poetry, history, languages, litera can be liberalized or stultifying, and the rr you did not follow everything I jus~ ture, theology, or some interdisciplinary com decisive thing will not be the nam-e of the safd about analytic geometry, it doesn't bination of them? We know it isn't carpen course but the aim of the effort and whether matter. The main point is that analytic try. Too practical. We are not sure that it develops a skill that liberates the psyche. geometry can indeed be taught as a liberal izing skill, as a way of lifting and strengthen physics or biology should be included~ we a little or a lot. ing and enlightening the human psyche, are not sure that sciences are part of liberal IV education: they have a fairly dbect practi showing you what it is for, what it can When my third daughter, the Merit Fin accomplish, how it can build new worlds, cal use, after all. alist, was st udying mathematics, languag-es, how it can see the unseen and give new When I speak o:r liberal education, I . do literature, history, and sciences at one of shape to the heretofore shapeless. not start by thinking of certain subjects or t h e nation's most renowned high schools, I Only one thing gives more joy than mak authors or books, although I may end that think the most liberating teacher she had ing, and that is the understanding that en w y, as 1 will expla.in. Liberal education seeks was the man who taught her the skllls of ables us to make. The great liberators of to develop liberal skllls, liberal arts within horsemanship, after school. I'm not sure she human beings are the ones who have shown a student. These liberal skllls or arts are would agree, but his instruction seemed to us new ways of making, and more important, internal in their purpose and direction; that affect her psyche, and her understanding new ways of understanding. That 1s why is, the aim is not to produce some artifact of what a human can accomplish, more, and Descartes ranks as one of the great human or product external to the maker; the aim of more directly, than did her academic benefactors, one of the greatest liberal edu liberal education is to make the student & studies. cators, and why he and the few others like d.isciplined person, with sk1lls of the mind But let me give you a better and loftier him are to be studied and restudied. and character akin to the physical skills o! example, before you begin to get the idea It is not wrong, as r may have seemed a pole vaulter or a ballet dancer or a tight that I am anti-school, and ant1-1ntellectua.l, to be saying, to think that there is a con rope walker. Liberal education aims to devel which properly understood, I definitely am nection between liberalizing study and cer op the skills of the human psyche, to make not. tain subjects, certain books, certain authors. us aware of its extraordinary range of abU Consider Analytic Geometry. Is it part of What dlst1nguishes Descartes from most itles which means a greatly increased capa liberal education? Most people who have other mathematicians is exactly what I have bility for understanding, for achievement,. studied analytic geometry would say no. been describing, the liberalizing dimension for happiness, and-alas-for misery and It is hard to learn; it is almost always studied of his thought, the sk:llls he can impart to sorrow. too. Liberal education gets its nam.e for directly practical reasons.; it has applica his reader that tend to free the psyche by from its power to liberate the human psyche tions in engineering; and few people dis giving it new power. His geometry can be from the fetters of ignorance, superstition, cover much about their psyche whlle study taught without soul, and horsemanship can fear, greed and other follies that tend to en ing analytic geometry, except that they have be taught with soul, but the greatest treas slave human beings, to diminlsh us, to make less endurance than they need, or more tha n ures of liberal education are there in the us less than we are capable of being. they thought possible. greatc'3t \Yorks of the gre:1t est minds, and June 16, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18775 it is no mistake that they are considered to consider expanding the debt limit. To STATEMENT OF ALAN W. BOCK the source of human riches, even though few expand the debt limit would simply be to Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee, teachers know where the gold is or how to increase that inflation, unemployment, ladies and gentlemen. I am Alan Bock, Di help students prospect for it. and recession. It would be a stab in the rector of Libertarian Advocate, an action and v back to the economic recovery which ap lobbying organization formed to promote Do you wonder what this has to do with individual human Uberty and to seek legis pears now to be beginning. lative avenues to maximize freedom for all the White House and the Department of In testimony before the House Com Defense, and what I can possibly contribute Americans. mittee on Ways and Means, Alan W. Well, here we are again, with the ever to better government? First, let me assure you that I wonder sometimes, too. But, sec Bock, director of the Libertarian Ad more-frequent request to raise the legal ceil ond, and this is my first hint that there 1s vocate, asked some very important ques ing on the National Debt--again. What used good news, it has been my experience in the tions. to occur every few years now happens every Mr. Bock asked: few months as Congress and its government world of practical affairs, that the higher one continue spending money they are afraid to goes, the greater the awareness of the im How much longer can the conventional extract from the people directly. portance of the liberal skills-yes, even in wisdom sustain this Government? How much This time the precise timing is strictly a conservative Admlnistration. longer can you keep spending far beyond Many of the people I serve with now, I poll tical. When this Committee last raised what the people of this country are remotely the ce111ng in February, you could have first met when they came to liberal arts sem willing to pay, and pretend that it is all for inars I ran at The University of Chicago and boosted it enough to last through September the benefit of those same people? How much or even November. But the figure needed Kenyon College, including, among many longer can you keep the printing presses others, my two present "bosses," then-Con might have been too high-who would have running, cranking out fiat money and wanted to acknowledge a public debt as high gressmen Gerald Ford and Donald Rums destroying the value of hard-earned money feld. The strong urge to understand, to learn as $645 billion right in the middle of a cam before the citizens revolt and say, "No more. paign? So you took the lower figure-around more, to get to the bottom of things, to We're not paying any more." grasp the sources and origins of problems $630 billlon-to get you through June. these are characteristic of the best practical Mr. Bock, in his testimony, urged the Yes, now 1s the time to do it. Almost all men and women. defeat of the request for an increase in the primaries are over. There will be a lull, I have never met a truly practical person, and then the conventions will be upon us the national debt limit and asked the like a plague of locusts. You can pretty well a real leader and man:ager of grand enter Gove!Il.IXlent to "face the same problem prises, who regularly reacted to inquiry in count on the voters' attention being focused the tone of, ''That may be all right in an overextended private citizen faces. on the Presidential battles, which have be theory, Professor, but it won't work in prac and meet it honestly. To increase the come interesting in both major parties. You tice." The truly practical leaders know very debt ceiling and print up more money can be fairly sure that a new debt ceiling well how directly, and powerfully, under robs every honest citizen. The cycle passed now, high enough to get you past the standing and action are 11nked, and the should be stopped now." November elections, w1ll have slipped out of deeper the understanding, the more likely In his testimony, Mr. Bock calls for a the voters' consciousness in the hullaballoo t hat action will be effective and will ac of the coming months. Only a few cranks will form of modem accrual accounting for work up enough indignation to threaten any complish the desired results. the Federal Government. Such a step 1s And that brings me to the good news and body's reelection. the conclusion of this talk simultaneously. essential to make sense of Federal spend Far be it from a libertarian to lack a real There is no need to despair for liberal edu ing and in this connection I have intro istic cynicism about politicians. There's not cation's future because so long as there are duced legislation to implement accrual much I can do about it except to congratu human beings, they w1ll never cease their accounting which would provide for truth late you on your ablllty to operate within the efforts to understand-and that is what lib in Government accounting procedures. traditional bounds of what the conventional eral education is, the effort, the striving, the This legislation now has 116 cosponsors. wisdom considers political pragmatism. st ruggle to understand. I wonder how much longer the conven In addition, Treasury Secretary Wil tional wisdom wUI be enough to sustain It isn't true of all of us, or perhaps even liam Simon has announced that his De of most of us, however we may try to show you. The political tide seems to be rolling how "practical" we are, that we will exert partment plans to implement accrual ac in an anti-Washington direction this spring. ourselves only if there is some monetary or counting throughout the Federal Gov You may be shrewd to raise the national debt material reward. In fact, we human beings ernment in early 1978. This will accom ce111ng during a political lull. But raising will go to the greatest lengths, against ter plish two major goals: it will clarify the the ceiling should certainly give more am rible odds, at the risk of sanity and even munition to the anti-Washington candi cwnulated long-term debts of the Federal dates-as well as contributing to the further life, to understand, once we are puzzled; Government, such as social security· and alienation of those, now almost always a to answer a question, once it begins to bother it will present the Federal Gove~ent's majority, who indicate their respect for the us; to see more clearly with our mind's eye, financial situation in a much more ac once we perceive that there is something political system by staying home on election curate light. In the private sector, proper day. there, however dimly glimpsed. How much longer can the conventional If I am right, that the wUl to understand accounting controls and sound financial is a powerful and perhaps irresistible force reporting on an accrual basis are pre wisdom sustain this government? How much requisites to fiscal responsibility and an longer can you keep spending far beyond of human nature, and that it cannot be sup what the people of this country are re pressed in some of us even by the fiercest accurate understanding of a unit's fi motely willing to pay, and pretend that it repression, and can be awakened in most of nancial condition. Accrual accounting in is all for the benefit of those same people? us, at least to some extent, by the right kind the Federal Government will provide How much longer can you keep the printing of questioning, then it is also clear that what similar controls over governmental af presses running, cranking out flat money and we call liberal education is human educa fairs and financial reporting. destroying the value of hard-earned money tion, perhaps the only education, surely the before the citizens revolt and say, "No more. education most akin to our nature. The one point in Mr. Bock's testimony with which I disagree is his recommenda We're not paying any more." The best-kept I conclude that the future of liberal edu secret in the country is the magnitude o! cation is inseparable from, and perhaps tion that the U.S. Government should the tax revolt, the massive numbers of peo even identical to, the future of humanity repudiate its past debts. To do so, would ple who just aren't paying any more. How itself. harm countless innocent citizens and long before those legions become so numer would eliminate the respect which a gov ous that the government has to creak to a ernment must have if it is to govern. painful stop? I don't know, for sure, but THE NATIONAL DEBT SHOULD NOT Nevertheless, it does seem clear that now surely the irresponsibllity which this gov BE INCREASED ernment shows in handling the money it is the time to call a halt to debt in takes from its citizens can't go on forever. creases. Let us slowly pay the debt which Someday the reckoning must come. HON. PHILIP M. CRANE exists at this time and then resolve to There is one bright side to the magnitude OF ILLINOIS put our government on a pay-as-you-go of the national debt and the immense size IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES basis. Only by pursuing this course can of the deficit. It blows to smithereens the economic health be restored. theory that there is any demand by the Wednesday, June 16, 1976 I wish to share with my colleagues people for more government. There is one the testimony of Alan W. Bock, director objective way to measure how much govern Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, at a time ment the people want, and this is to figure when the national debt is at an alltime of the Libertarian Alternative, as it was out how much government they're willing high, when that debt is fueling a serious presented before the House Committee to pay for. The existence of a national debt problem of inflation and resulting unem on Ways and Mea:ns on June 1, 1976, and of more than $600 blllion, of a deficit hover ployment and recession, it is irresponsible insert it into the RECORD at this time: ing around $80 billion, is an objective incH- 18776 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1976 cation that the supply of government far priate and ill-timed effort to deprive The resolution follows: exceeds the demand. cotton producers of their limited insur Very few politicians want a deficit and a RESOLUTION huge national debt. If you could erase the ance protection. I urge its defeat for Whereas, the International BoXing Hall of deficit and the debt by raising taxes, you'd several reasons. Fame, an organization to perpetuate and en do it right away. But our antennae are Primarily, the Agriculture and Con hance the sport of boxing, received its initial sensitive enough to know that the people sumer Protection Act of 1973 dictates start in the City of Palm Springs, County of think taxes are too high already. In fact, the provisions under which cotton pro Riverside, a.nd most Congressmen are trying to find gim ducers in 18 States receive disaster pay Whereas, the president of the International micks to lower taxes. Let's extend the tax ments for their crop losses. It was recog BoXing Hall of Fame, Jim Caufield is engaged cuts, add some deductions, make the people nized by the able lawmakers of that time in a campaign to establish amateur boxing happy. The demand for government, ex clubs for the benefit of youth in our com pressed in willingness to tolerate the taxes that cotton and wheat are not identical munities, and needed to pay for it, has come very close commodities, and should be treated dif Whereas, the president of the International to its peak. The supply is larger than the ferently under the act. Among the dis Boxing Hall of Fame is proposing to headline effective demand. It can't continue forever. similarities are the late planting time such campaign efforts by participation in the Libertarian Advocate's recommendations and higher preplanting expenses for Annual Cherry Festival in Beaumont June are very similar to those we suggested the cotton, which necessitates special treat 16 to 20, 1976, and last time the debt ceiling was raised: ment under the disaster loan program. Whereas, the special participation by Jim 1. Defeat this request for an additional In another 8 months, the farm bill Caulfield on behalf of amateur boxing clubs authorization for more "temporary" national will be a run of 76 miles non-stop to stimu debt. Let the government face the same prob will be reviewed in light of farmers' crop late support for such amateur club for the lem an over-extended private citizen faces, alternatives and rotation systems. The San Gorgonio Pass Area including Banning, and meet it honestly. To increase the debt effect of disaster programs will get spe Beaumont and Cherry Valley, and ceiling and print up more money robs every cial attention, and the particular needs Whereas, the efforts of the International honest citizen. The cycle should be stopped of farmers for insurance protection. In Boxing Hall of Fame on behalf of youth has now. view of the extensive hearings to come, been endorsed by the city council of Ban 2. For heaven's sake, adopt some form of I feel an amendment on this subject to ning, city council of Beaumont, the Beau modern accrual accounting for the federal an appropriations bill is highly inappro mont Chamber of Commerce, and interested government, and do it right away. I believe citizens of the Pass Area and the County of several members of this Committee have priate. Riverside, now therefore, sponsored bllls to get the government onto Let us remember that we are debating Be it resolved, and proclaimed, by the accrual accounting. What's the problem? The a system which provides protection to Board of Supervisors of the County of River present stone-age method of accounting farmers for disasters. Crop yield must side, State of California, in regular session which the government uses is downright de fall below two-thirds of their normal assembled on June 1, 1976, that commenda ceptive, seriously understating deficits and level before the producer is even eligible, tion is due Jim Caulfield and the Interna concealing expenditures and obligations. with payments limited to the under tional Boxing Hall of Fame for their e.fforts Most Members of this Committee should be production at only one-third of the tar on behalf of our youth, and urges the people familiar with the recent study by the ac of the County of Riverside to encourage the counting firm of Arthur Andersen. A private get price. I do not believe any of us efforts of this group during the 76 mile run company which used the accounting methods would like to callously abandon cotton in connection with the Annual Cherry Fes employed by the United States government producers under these circumstances. tival at Beaumont. wouldn't last twenty minutes. But then pri Let us defeat the amendment, and vate companies don't have access to the allow the Agriculture Committee to fully legalized thievery known as taxation-unless investigate the ramifications of such a they do a lot of government contract work. change at the proper time. REVENUE SHARING 3. Once again, I raise the possibility of repudiating the national debt and declaring bankruptcy. The national debt is not owed HON. TOM RAILSBACK "to ourselves" but to investors 1n Treasury Bonds and other government securities. THE 58TH ANNUAL BEAUMONT OF n.LINOIS Every investor takes a risk that his invest CHERRY FESTIVAL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment might go sour. But to protect the in Wednesday, June 16, 1976 vestments of certain foreign and domestic moneybags, we are now systematically rob HON. SHIRLEY N. PETTIS Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, I was bing each citizen of ths country-through OF CALIFORNIA very pleased with action of the House taxes and government-created infl.ation. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES last week in approving an extension of poorest among us are those most seriously Wednesday, June 16, 1976 the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act. damaged by this process. The game should be I have noted the success of this program called to a halt, and the government should Mrs. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, for 57 get back on a sound fiscal basis. in my congressional district and across Libertarian Advocate is concerned with years, the community of Beaumont, the country since its enactment in 1972 personal freedom. Freedom is not just an Calif., has held a festival to celebrate and fully supported this effort to con abstraction to us. It is given fiesh and bones the harvest of the 45 cherry orchards in tinue the sharing of Federal revenues by the ability to do as much as your talents the area. with the State and local officials. As we and resources allow you to do, without arti The highlight of this year's festival, are all aware, our State and local gov ficial or arbitrary constraints. When your which will be held June 16 through June ernments are facing grave financial dif resources are stolen from you by an ever 20, will be a 76-mile nonstop run by Jim ficulties and, in most cases, have seen growing government, your freedom is limited. Caulfield, president of the International A reduction in the burden which the gov revenue sharing as an attractive alter ernment's debt places on each citizen would Boxing Hall of Fame, to raise money for native to raising property taxes in view be an important step toward increasing the the San Gorgonio Pass Area Amateur of the current financial problems of so liberty of each person in this country. Youth Boxing Club. Pledges have been many Americans. The time to make that commitment to in secured from local civic organizations I favored the recommendation of the creased liberty is now. and individuals for each mile Mr. Caul administration on revenue sharing, field runs. Proceeds will be used to pur which would have provided $39.5 billion chase equipment and insurance for the for a 5%-year extension. While the leg PASSAGE OF CONGRESSMAN FIND boxing club. islation which passed extended the pro LEY AMENDMENT TO CHANGE The Riverside County Board of Super gram for only 3%. years, granting $25 COTTON DISASTER PAYMENTS visors recently adopted a formal resolu billion in funding, I was glad, as I know WOULD BE A DISASTER tion praising and supporting the efforts the mayors and local officials will be, of Mr. Caulfield to establish amateur that e:fforts on the House floor to require HON. JOHN W. JENRETTE, JR. boxing clubs for the youth of the San that this assistance be subject to annual OF SOUTH CAROLINA Gorgonio Pass area. I would like to take appropriations approval by Congress IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this opportunity to insert the resolution failed. The legislation was passed as an and to offer my commendation to Mr. entitlement program, granting the cities Wednesday, June 16, 1976 Caulfield-for the fine work he is doing on and States the $6.65 billion a year, and Mr. JENRETTE. Mr. Speaker, the behalf of the youth in several of the com this amount may not be reduced by Con Findley amendment is both an inappro- munities which I am proud to represent. gress during this 3%.-year period. Unfor- June 16, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18777 tunately, the President's recommenda officer commissions to tribal law enforce SWEDEN'S LIBERAL UTOPIA IS tion for $150 million in annual incre ment officers and to State and local law SHEER BUNK ments was not in the bill as passed by enforcement officers as well. Such use the House. of non-Federal law enforcement person nel is essential to the provision of effec HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK I was also pleased to see that provisions OF OHIO for supplemental fiscal assistance and for tive law enforcement services in Indian requiring each State to prepare and sub country. Without such assistance, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mit to the Secretary of the Treasury a BIA could not provide anywhere near a Wednesday, June 16, 1976 master plan and timetable for moderniz level of adequate services without a Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, for ing and revitalizing State and local gov significant increase in BIA employed years on the debate trail throughout the ernments were deleted from the final bill law enforcement personnel. country, spokesmen for the American as passed by the House. The proposed I would like to urge that this bill be left invariably point to Sweden when change in the allocation formula that given expeditious handling so that it can put in a factual corner. How many would have based allotments in part on be enacted as soon as possible. times have I heard a debate opponent the number of families below the poverty retort with "it works in Sweden" or "look line instead of per capita income was also at the Swedish experience" when huck fortunately stricken from the bill. Elim stering more of their socialistic non ination of the priority categories pro HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 92 sense. vision of the program will allow the units BECOMES LAW Even the liberal Washington Post now of government to use funds as they points out that the liberal utopia of determine. Sweden is turning up sour. It does not I am hopeful that the Senate will fol HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK work there or anywhere because the lib low the action of the House on this leg OF CALIFORNIA eral's stock argument that government islation, perhaps adding an amendment IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES must have more and more power always providing an additional $150 m1llion in Wednesday, June 16, 1976 backfires. Power brings corruption and annual increments to cover infiatlonary abuse. We conservatives have known increases. I would like to see the :final Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, today that. Centuries have proven it infallible. bill passed with the fewest possible President Ford signed into law House Too bad our liberal opponents cling to strings and changes in the present pro Joint Resolution 92, a bill to improve the this outmoded concept. gram which has worked so well. collection and use of census data on this It is the same format there. Egghead Nation's 12 million citizens of Spanish liberals and union leaders cooperate origin. As a cosponsor of this measure in with the socialist politicians-just like the 93d Congress and author of an LAW ENFORCEMENT in the United States. The result is dis amendment to this year's final version, aster as this article tells. I urge my col I am particularly glad to see Congress leagues to read it. HON. MANUEL LUJAN, JR. act directly and afiirmatively on such a complex question. [From The Washington Post, June 14, 19761 OF NEW MEXICO We have reached an important point DEBATE OVER BUREAUCRACY--8WEDES TRY To IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with this resolution. The Federal Gov HUMANIZE SOULLESS GOVERNMENT Wednesday, June 16, 1976 ernment has finally recognized a failure (By Bernard D. Nossiter) STOCKHOLM.-When actress Bibl Anders Mr. LUJAN. Mr. Speaker, discussions to determine accurate social and eco nomic needs of the Spanish origin people son was hauled into a police station here last of crime and the need for law enforce winter, she was questioned for three hours ment reflect the concerns of all of our because of its inability to make regular, before she discovered why: her Liechtenstein citizens, and the bill I am introducing nationwide evaluations of their social corporation was suspected of tax fraud. today is directed at improving the law and economic status. House Joint Res The police, and the tax inspectors who are enforcement capacity of the special of olution 92 requires the Bureau of the supposed to remain silent, questioned her ficer and the deputy special officers, who, Census to gather as exact and complete with a Kafka-like intensity, according to un as employees of the Bureau of Indian information on this nearly invisible seg published but authoritative reports here. Affairs, are responsible for law enforce ment of our population as is possible, Andersson was obliged to prove her innocence through improved enumeration pro of a charge that had not been made. ment services on 123 Indian reservations She pleaded to telephone her child, sources in 22 States. grams which show greater sensitivity to say. Permission denied. She asked to call a At the present time, the primary au the bi.llngual culture of Spanish origin lawyer. Which one? Her questioners asked. thority on which the actions of the of citizens. She named him. He wouldn't do. She pro ficers are based is an interpretation of A lack of vital statistics about this posed four more. All were turned down. the Snyder Act of November 2, 1921, and group of Americans has denied them Andersson reportedly was stripped, as a Department of Interior Appropriations equal attention of Federal policymakers guard against suicide, and put in a cell for Acts, which while providing statutory and an inadequate allocation of Govern the night. The next morning she named an ment resources. So, as PATRICIA ScHROE other lawyer who was acceptable and he had recognition of the BIA's law enforce. her out in 30 minutes. ment functions, do not provide clearly DER, the distinguished chairwoman of Unsurprislngly, Andersson now talks o! stated and adequate authorities for those the Subcommittee on Census and Popu never returning to Sweden. Her friend, direc functions. lation stated, it was "incumbent upon us tor Ingmar Bergman, who was taken by po The bill I am introducing will do so. It to insure that the Government is ful lice from a rehearsal to explain his Swiss has three important sections in this re filling its obligation and is carrying out corporation, has already renounced his na gard: its responsibility to collect accurate and tive land. The fact that it is governed by their First. It provides specific statutory complete data on all Americans." close friend, Prime Minister Olo! Palme authority for BIA commissioned law en Mr. Speaker, I know my colleagues adds a stroke of irony. ' join me in recognizing the efforts of The tax troubles o! these artists and those forcement officers to carry firearms. o! Astrid Lindgren, a highly successful writ At the present time, this authority comes Congressman EDWARD ROYBAL and Con er of children's books, have been seized upon through the interpretations mentioned gresswoman ScHROEDER, who as prime by Palme's foes at home and abroad to dem above. sponsors of House Joint Resolution 92 onstrate that a soulless bureaucracy dom Second. It provides clear authority for deserve much credit for bringing this inates the world's most advanced welfare BIA law enforcement officers to make problem to the attention of Congress state. searches and arrests. At present, such and leading us to a good legislative But one thing is certain: From Palme on authority is clearly provided only for solution. down, Swedes have become sensitive to the With the passage of this measure into problems that flow from half a mlllion civil liquor law violations and the necessary servants in a state of 3 million-problems authority in all other cases again is law, we have taken a significant step in that every modern society faces. There ts, depenrlent on the interpretations dis the continuing process of understanding moreover, the beg1nn1ng of a debate here cussed previously. and addressing the real effects of benign over how to make the government servant a Third. It provides express authority neglect of this group of our forgotten human being. for the issuing of BIA law enforcement citizens. The 68-year-old Lindgren, a lively woman 18778 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1976 with a. fey sense of humor, is the creation ment and accounted for his party's depressed OUR CITY of Pippi Longstocking, the strongest nine standing in recent polls. year-old in the world. But even Pippi's feat He has put one deputy minister to work of lifting her own horse is not as impressive on a. plan transferring tasks from the central HON. STEPHEN L. NEAL as the force her author unleased with a sin government to the regions and towns. De OF NORTH CAROLINA gle question. centralization is a major demand of the What must I pay, she asked the tax au biggest opposition group, the Center Party. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thorities, on royalties of 2 million kroner In addition, Palme has assigned a profes Wednesday, June 16, 1976 ($450,000)? sor of linguistics to his personal office to They answered: 2.02 million, or 101 per propose simpler and more understandable Mr. NEAL. Mr. Speaker, Mrs. Marley cent. government communications. Willard, a friend and constituent of mine "There aren't that many per cents," Lind Pa.lme, however, strongly resists any sug in Winston-Salem, N.C., has dedicated gren replied, and wrote a. mock fairly tale gestion that sheer size of the bureaucracy much of her life to teaching young peo for Expressen, the biggest selling daily, to or the number of tasks it undertakes ac ple. She has discovered that youngsters prove it. counts for the weight of oppression felt by "It was like an avalanche, Lindgren re ordinary citizens. learn best when their interest is stimu called in her modest apartment the other "We don't have too many, but too, few lated and she has been experimenting day. bureaucrats," he insists. "They are often with techniques to motivate them-first She was swamped with several thousand overloaded." in creative dramatics, and now with letters and phone calls from grateful Swedes, Despite the furor over burea.uratic be variations in that technique. She has enchanted to find a voice for their rage havior, few Swedes show any disposition to been able to raise the reading skills of against government. People complained of give up the worlds highest living standards, first graders to much higher levels, arbitrary tax assessments, of inadequate pay most extensive welfare benefits, full employ mainly by stimulating their interest in for property that had been seized, of too ment and an economy run with ooch skill other areas which require that they learn many forms, of bureaucratic refusals to cor that it continued to expand while the rest rect mistakes. of the West suffered a severe recession. to read in order to learn about the sub "If you call a department, every little gi.-1 Even opposition political parties-apart ject which has captured their fancy. By at the switchboard thinks she's the govern from the Conservatives who represent a using this procedure, they learn to read ment," Lindgren said indignantly. business bureaucracy-do not pose any real rather effortlessly. "In my heart I am a socialist," she said. challenge to the far-flung civil service or As part of one project, Mrs. Wyatt's "That's why I am so depressed. They don't the high taxes that pay for the benefits. At first grade class at Brunson Elementary have as clean hands as when they started. bottom, the opposition says simply that it will run the same things better. Unlike Nor School in Winston-Salem prepared a I have voted SD (Social Democrat) for 30 book for me. In it, they describe much of years, but I can't do that anymore. With way or Denmark, no anti-tax party has bleeding heart, I will not vote SD in Sep emerged here. what life is like in Winston-Salem, N.C. tember." Gosta. Ekman is the chief tax collector, It is a fascinating volume, especially be Sven Lundquist is a leading leftist author head of the national tax board and an un cause it was done by first grade students. who reports on China and Latin America. repentant bureaucrat. He said with some The text is not burdensome, and I would He staunchly defends Sweden's social de smugness that "there is some credit for us like to share some of these children's mocracy and its civil servants, "as honest in this,'' referring to the Andersson-Berg wisdom with my colleagues. I believe the and as efficient as any in the world." man-Lindgren cases. He meant that ordinary Swedes would technique used by Mrs. Willard could be But Lundquist senses that something has used for the great benefit of children gone wrong, that civil servants are too remote take pleasure in the humbling of prominent from the people they are supposed to serve. artists, a. reflection of the envy that is a. less throughout our country and I commend As a Marxist, he blames this on class. The pleasant side of Swedish egalitarianism. it to my colleagues. The text of "Our bureaucracy, he observes, is largely drawn Ekman insisted, "We must have -rules. I City" follows: from upper income and better educated think the Swedes would not be content OUR CITY groups. without rules. They like very clear rules." (To Congressman Neal from Mrs. Wyatt's In his newest book, "Change of Work," he Ekman acknowledged grudgingly that the First Grade Class, Brunson Elementary proposes a Chinese-style solution: a system police, not his "boys," "perhaps were going School, Winston-Salem, N.C., April 18, encouraging and compelling officials to leave too far" in carting Andersson off to jail and 1976) pulling Bergman from his rehearsal. As for their desks for a spell of common work. A CONTENTS judge might become a prison guard, an Edu Lindgren, her anomalous 101 per cent tax was the fault of politicians, not bureaucrats, A Special Thanks. cation Ministry official a teacher. This, he who made a tax change without consulting Chapter 1 : People. argues, would make bureaucrats respond his experts. Anyway, the Parliament was now Chapter 2: Schools. more readily to those they administer, and correcting its error. Chapter 3: Industry. give the working class greater influence over Some 167 years ago, Sweden invented an Chapter 4: Recreation. decision-making. institution for citizens to bring complaints Chapter 5: Construction. One of Sweden's most thoughtful agency against the all-powerful authorities whom Chapter 6: Old Salem. chiefs, a highly regarded ex-diplomat, talks Ibsen was later to describe so vividly. The Chapter 7: Beautification. of the "arrogance of power." Bureaucratic ombudsman has been copied in other na Chapter 8: Woods and Forests. loftiness, he thinks, reflects in part the long tions, but now many Swedes say it is a weak A Special Thanks to: dominance of the Social Democrats now in instrument. Mr. Marvin Ward, Mayor; Franklin Shir power for 44 years. Its four judges tend to be legalistic and ley, The County Commissioners, The Recrea He thinks the highly publicized tax cases focus on violations of rules. They toss out tion Department, The Chamber of Commerce, of the artists are far from typical, but ac six of every seven complaints presented to Mrs. Anne-Ma.rley Willard, and Mrs. Doretha knowledges that there "is an acute problem." them and receive only about 3,000 a year. Black. Part of it, he contends, lies in the lack of The ombudsmen are said to be timid in CHAPTER 1-Pl!:OPLE an adequate education for many. A poll the face of ultimate authority. They de (By Scott Bennett, Larry Howard, showed that 1 million Swedes did not know clined to crack down on the Swedish intelli Sandra. Smith) where to turn in government when they had gence service when, CIA-style, it was caught a problem; more than 2 million confessed People spying illegally on Swedish citizens. Sim We have more nice people than bad peo they could not write a letter to a govern ilarly, an ombudsman excused police who un ment agency. ple in Winston-Salem. People make houses, lawfully held some children for eight hours. grow food, and make clothes for other peo Palme is pulled in two directions by a Ulf Lundvik, the handsome, silver-haired debate he himself is encouraging. On the ple. They also make schools for children chairman of the ombudsmen, said he thought to learn in. People share things with each one hand, he speaks of his pride in the "there is a risk" that he and his colleagues "loyalty, independence and incorruptibility" other. God really makes things grow, but the ere too sympathetic toward the civil servants people have to help Him by digging the holes, of the civil servants who carry out the re they are policing. forms he zealously pilots through the Par putting the seeds in, covering them up, and But he contended that it was "an exag watering the plants. Some people are messy. liament. On the other hand, he is beginning geration" to say his team simply supported to speak out in public about the need for Some people are dumb. Some people like the government. to be bossy and silly, but most people are "a more gentle society." A thoughtful outside observer would agree smart and kind to others. He denied that the issue of bureaucratic that Swedish civil servants are as efficient There are 137,000 people living in Win arrogance would figure in the coming elec and honest as any. Honesty and efficiency, ston-Salem. tion campaign, but he readily agreed that the however, are not the issues. What Swedes They do all kinds of work. There are 2,146 three notorious cases-Andersson, Bergman are questioning is arrogance, high handed six year old boys, and 2,115 six year-old girls and Lindbren-had caught his Social Demo ness and inhumane treatment. Apart from in Winston-Salem. Most children start crats off balance, provided a focus for ac the conservatives, they are not ready to link school when they are six years old. Win cumulated grievances against the govern- these traits to the bureaucracy's sheer size. ston-Salem is a good place to live because June 16, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18779 people help those who are sick or old. The CHAPTER 5--GONSTRUCTION pretty. The city of Winston-Salem has a :flag. black people and the white people got to (By William Holoman, Darryl Mason, Billy The colors are red, blue, white, and · gold. gether, and now they are kind to each other Padgett, Denise Parker) There is a seal with the date 1849 on it. We like the beautiful :flag. and everybody has his own way. Construction If you don't already live in Winston-Salem If you want a nice place to live come here you can come and visit with us. We will be We have a nice town because the build and join us. We will be happy to have you kind to you and show you our city. ings are built well. We went to a hospital, with us. and we saw people molding bricks out of CHAPTER 8-WOODS AND FORESTS CHAPTER 2.-SCHOOLS mud. Then they laid one brick on top of (By Michael Dunn, Stephen Lackey, Charles another, they cemented them together, and (By Christopher Brown, Tra.cey Keck, Lassiter, Carlette Russell) made a building. They started the building Eduardo Martinez) Schools by digging a hole 40 feet deep in the ground, Trees and forests The schools in Winston-Salem are nice. and putting steel pipes into the ground. They Trees are fun to look at and climb. But They have trees, flowers, grass, and play did this to keep the building standing. The they are scary when wolves live in them. grounds. In the halls are pictures that stu new building will be used for emergencies, Woods are nice places for rabbits to live. dents have drawn. The plants inside and out clinics, and to keep people if they are real You can find food in the woods. If you want sick and can't go home or work. The street to shoot a wolf in the woods you had better side are beautiful. The books for students lights in Winston-Salem look real neat! They not miss, because he will come after you. ~re good to read. The children's work is nice. The tea.chers tea.ch us good things to know turn on at night and turn off real early in There are many animals and trees in the and help us. There are twelve grades in the the morning. The street lights help people to woods. That is where they live. There are see at night. If their car lights are burned deer, rabbits, wolves, foxes, bears, snakes, public school system. There are 66 schools. out they won't fall off bridges or have wrecks. squirrels, chipmunks and birds. We have 45,000 children attend those schools. There If some of the street lights fall down on the many trees in Winston-Salem. The city are 2,000 teachers. 405 school buses take the road they can make them over again or re plants trees every year to make sure that we children to school. pair them. have enough. They have somebody to take We went to visit the superintendent of Some of the buildings in Winston-Salem care of the trees. When trees are chopped schools. He showed us a map of his work and are old and some are new. When a building is down the wood is used for houses, furniture, Brunson School. Stephen Lackey told Mr. worn out they can make it over again. firewood, and paper. If we didn't have wood Ward that he fell off his bike and broke his Some of the roads are old and bumpy, and life would be hard because we wouldn't be mandible. Mr. Ward said he was sony to hear some are new and have no bumps. Trucks able to make this book, or have houses to that. We ha.d a good time when we went to can't pass other cars when roads are narrow. live in, or places for dogs to live. Flowers on see the superintendent. He was nice to us. A double yellow line in a road means you trees are the most beautiful things in the we would like to go see him again. can't pass. When broken lines are on your world. We get many things to eat from trees. CHAPTER 3-INDUSTRY side you can pass. We like our town because There are apples, oranges, tangerines, ba (By Kimberly Grifiln, Wendy Hanes, Keith it has pretty buildings, parking lots, nice nanas, nuts, peaches, pears, lemons, limes, Kadlec) stores, and schools. and cherries. Some of the food that comes off trees is the very best to eat. You had bet Industry CHAPTER 6-oLD SALEM ter take good care of trees because if we Industry is stores, buildings, and facto (By Angela Crews, Cordi Rumph, didn't have any trees life would be really ries that make things. It helps people. It Robert Wiley) hard. Don't chop down trees because one gives them food and money and room for a Old Salem day you may not have any food to eat and living. When there is lot of industry 1n Once upon a time there was a place called you might get 1n trouble. a town, people have good places to live, things Old Salem. They made candles, cookies, to do, plenty of food, and pretty clothes to coffee, pipes, food, and thread for cloth. wear. Winston-Salem has all kinds of in Back in those days the young men built dustry. We have factories that make tobac furniture when they were fourteen. The co, beer, electrical things, and clothes. we PASSAGE OF CONGRESSMAN PEY young boys and girls lived separately be SER AMENDMENT TO PROHIBIT have factory stores, radio stores, clothing and cause if they were together it would be too other kinds of stores. Some stores give you squishy. The boys had lots of brothers, and PUBLIC LAW 480 SALES OF TO trees and grass seed and bug spray that kill the girls had lots of sisters. Old Salem is very BACCO WOULD BE UNJUST TO the bugs but not the grass. If it killed the old, but they have fixed it up so that it AMERICAN FARMERS grass you wouldn't have a nice yard. It would doesn't look old. One hundred twenty-seven turn brown. You can buy anything in our people lived in Old Salem 200 years ago. Some stores except a giraffe because his neck is of the people in Old Salem could not read HON. JOHN ·w. JENRETTE, JR. too long to fit in the store. His neck or write so shopkeepers made pictures and OF SOUTH CAROLINA would have to be bent all his life. hung them outside the store so people could IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There are very nice jobs in Winston-Salem. know if they were going in the right store. But how many people can fit in Winston The coffee pot was the sign for the tin shop. Wednesday, June 16, 1976 Salem? If too many people came there It is rusty and dried now because it is so old. Mr. JENRETI'E. Mr. Speaker, before wouldn't be enough houses unless the build The organ is in the church room, and they ers built some more. They might not have sang to it when someone played the organ. we rashly act upon Mr. PEYSER's proposal the pieces or time to do it. We had better It was bullt in 1797 and brought to Old to eliminate tobacco from the Public Law not get any bigger because we don't have Salem from Pennsylvania. Moravians lived 480 program, let us put the matter into enough room. in Old Salem. They are old people. proper perspective. CHAPTER 4-RECREATION To make Moravian cookies you make The Public Law 480 program is di (By Elizabeth Fox, Susanna Paisley, Deava dough, add sugar and cinnamon, roll it out, vided into two titles, title I being a con Ray) get the cookie cutter, and cut the cookies out. cessional loan program, and title II Put them in the oven and let them cook. comprising donations through relief Recreation They are great! The parks in Winston-Salem are big and Old Salem is a good place, and we like it. agencies, the U.N., and bilateral agree beautiful. We have a lot of fun things to Why don't you go and visit it some time? ments. Tobacco falls under the first play on. There are swings, slides, monkey CHAPTER 7-BEAUTIFICATION category, meaning it is purchased by bars, merry-go-rounds. and lots more things (By John Goodwin, Stacy Hairston, foreign governments according to their you can do! The whole family can go and needs and foreign exchange capabilities. have picnics. There are places in the parks Curtis Turner) Beautification Unlike what Mr. PEYSER would like us where people can roast and cook hotdogs, to believe, the U.S. Gove1nment is not and other good food. In the parks you can Our city is a pretty city. The people in play golf and other sports. There are 114 Winston-Salem don't litter. They put trash cramming tobacco down the throats of softball and baseball fields, 15 golf courses, in garbage cans. They keep our city clean. foreign officials. We are not dictating 11 swimming pools, 79 places to play tennis, Our city is called the Rose city because there tastes or personal habits. But we are and 4 bowling lanes. The Y.W.C.A. looks are roses along the highways. serving the neighborly intentions which after you if your mother works ·and there Winston-Salem has a horticulturist who the program connotes, and we are as is nobody to look after you at home. It has takes care of the roses and other flowers. sisting small American farmers expand a playground for you to play on. It stops at New trees are planted every year. They plant their long-term markets abroad. 5:25p.m. grass every year. Gardens grow flowers every Quite frankly, I cannot think of a There is a park across the stream from where. When the old buildings get old, rag the Y .M.C.A. Three bridges go across the gedy, and the paint comes off, the people worse threat to our credibility than to stream. There are table tennis courts at the clean them to keep them looking nice. restrict the sale of a desired item over Y.M.C.A. Anyone can play there. Everybody Across from the County Commissioner's seas simply because it has been imperi who goes to the parks and recreation centers place are pictures on the windows. They alistically decided that the item is un in Winston-Salem knows they are fun and paint pictures on the outside walls of some worthy of foreign consumption. they have a good time 1n them! buildings because it makes the buildings look In closing, I would pnly remind the 18780 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1976 Members that the two J;"overnments re of professional business management, said, seriously neglected in decades gone by, and ceiving Public Law 480 sales of tobacco "That the plan itself is really not so impor in even the present measurements, are a this year are Egypt and Syria. Beyond tant. What is important is the planning proc challenge of the 80's. They reflect the cur this very real foreign policy considera ess ..."meaning those people that took the rent condition of the human investment, tion, let us not forget those Americans time to think and dwell and work on a plan of the internal state of an organization, its and the advantages reaped, not necessarily loyalty, skills, motivations and capacity for here at home to whom the amendment of a "final plan" but the interim benefits effective interaction, communication and would cause a great injustice. With to derived from the process and thinking about decisionma.klng. These variables are called bacco prices expected to be depressed the plan-the future. This might very well be intervening variables and received a lot of later in the season, the Public Law 480 where the moving and storage industry is to attention and research that is stated in outlet for export sales could be critical day. The far-out look at the future is not Likert's "New patterns of Management." Ac to farm income in the United States. nearly so important as the planning and tual tests prove, that attention to the hu I urge the defeat of the gentleman's thought process that the industry will go man factors pays off-for everyone. amendment. through in the next decade or two to be The present practices of watching closely, ready for what we think year 2000 will de only the level of performance of the end re mand of our industry. sults variables, is leading to faulty conclu Think about this, dogs can't dig holes sions as to what kinds of management and any quicker now than they did two hundred leadership yield the best results. What often A LOOK AHEAD years ago, but man, through technology can confuses the situation is that pressure ori surely dig holes quicker than he did two ented, threatening supervision can achieve centuries ago. This technology does not amazing and impressive, short-run results. HON. JACK BRINKLEY necessarily advance because of public de But what may happen is absenteeism, OF GEORGIA mand, but it advances because businessmen turnover, high-scrap content in waste bas IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from the very beginning of the industrial kets, excessive attention to inspection and revolution to the present, have marketed quality control, resentment and host111ty Wednesday, June 16, 1976 that technology and have marketed it prof displayed by subordinates. Management may Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I would itably. become perplexed at the higher rates of like to bring to the attention of the House What could some of the technological grievances and slowdown, poor production changes mean to the moving and storage and slmllar disturbances ... wondering why? an attention-holding, thought-provoking industry? How does this grab you? Well, what do you do about this situation? speech delivered by Mr. Otis B. Burnham, All power units, that is the trucks and A possible solution to this dilemma would president of Burnham Enterprises, Inc. the tractors, will now be nuclear powered. be the introduction of periodic measure The occasion was the National Furniture They won't pull one or two trailers, they'll ments of the intervening variables to reveal Warehousemen's Association's 1976 Con pull three or four trailers. the current character and quality of the hu vention. These ingenious remarks ad Whereas now it takes 10 or 15 minutes man organization. Estimates or opinions of dress, in part, the important issue of ef to properly hook up a tractor;trailer unit, the supervisors and managers and what they hooking up in the future w1ll be a very think the organization's pulse is have been fective regulation by the Interstate Com simple matter of driving the tractor into merce Commission, a concern which has proven seriously and dangerously inaccurate place under the trailer, flipping a switch in test after test. An organization should get merited careful House consideration for and through a powerful magnet the unit is a reading from the "supervisee." many months. safely and completely connected. Until adequate measurements of the in Mr. Burnham's speech follows: Once the unit is hooked up, it's driven to tervening variables are regularly obtained, A LOOK AHEAD a metropolitan air freight port and is placed warehouse managers and presidents will in a form of air craft that whisks the trac continue to be confronted by the serious (Remarks by 0. B. Burnham) tor, trailer, driver, family, dog, furniture Following such an august and astute panel dilemma. Moreover, confusion as to the un and car together to their destinaton 2,500 derlying causes of many developments, both sure makes me feel very inadequate. When miles away in three hours ... impossible, Bob Tull asked me 1! I would make a few favorable and unfavorable, Will still reign. fantastic? We only have to recall the C5A This concept and concern about the human comments about the future and to "take a and probably the C10B that will be its suc look ahead" I was flattered and said, "Yes." factors and the intervening variables will cessor. We have only to think of the Con show up in the more progressive, sophisti So one day soon after the invitation, I took cord supersonic airliner to remind our out a pencil and paper and decided to quickly selves that it is possible. cated and successful management of the 80's. It won't be easy-it'll take guts but the write something brilliant ... lo and behold, As we look deeper into this subject of "a the paper remained blank for minutes, hours, look ahead." it becomes fairly apparent that results will be reflected in the survivors and days and it went into weeks: however, gradu change is the very essence of the future, progressive companies. ally little bits and pieces began to fall into the future of the moving and warehousing Whew! After such heavy stuff, let's "blue place. Nothing brilliant nor earth shaking industry. People implement concepts, they sky" a little bit. When you think about "blue came out of it but maybe a few words about cause change, they predict the future sky" you think of fate, luck, and what it's the challenge of the future, will inspire us to through planning today, not fighting done to you-like why man blames fate for respond creatively to an industry that has change, but fostering change. all accidents but feels personally responsible been good to all of us and cause us to fulfill I would like to share with you now, a when he makes a hole in one? an obligation to that industry and its cus concept of the future, a look ahead if you The following "dreams" were fun to think tomers. In one of the NFWA's bulletins about will, about a specific and more sophisticated about--maybe not practical . . . yet . . . but the convention, they said something about a type of management and effective measure who knows-maybe some day "far-out look." Well, some of the ideas may ment of the results of that management All of us here today could in a very few seem far out, far-fetched and in the future, that might well be implemented in the late seconds recap the steps and the activities but the future is like change ... and change 70's or early 80's. I'm not sure we're ready involved in giving an estimate to move a is the only permanent thing we have today yet--maybe we are. family. But let me give you something to and just like birthdays, it will come fa.ster In a rather thought provoking manage think about of how this might be done ten than you and I think. The future is just ment book, "New Patterns of Management" years from now. Oh, it may take fifteen, but ahead. by Rensls Likert, he points out that tradi here we go. Like Eli Whitney and his cotton gin, which tionally, management is measured by end Of course, the quickest and simplest way I'm sure many people said could not pos results variables, such as productivity and to move a family in the future will be to sibly be practical. There were members in cost. Now we are quick to agree that there's order up the AAA Airllft Relocation Com the storage industry that said there was no nothing wrong with this and that we ac pany and have their sky crane move the en way to containerize household goods ... that knowledge that hierarchically controlled tire house and contents several hundred the old, open storage, stack it on the floor, management can, and usually does, produce mnes to its new location on a. vacant lot. wrap it in brown craft paper was the only favorable and impressive results ... for the Rocket .ship transportation to the Moon and way. Yet, the cotton gin made history and short term, but this could very well be at Mars is left to the dreamers of 2050. We'll palletization of household effects made our the expense of the human aspects of an stay just this side of 21st century. industry more progressive and successful, a organization. On the tlip side <>f that record is the fact creative idea made practical. Hierarchically, authoritative and trad.l that there wouldn't be any move at all be At a recent American Management Asso ti~mal management measures an organiza cause all furniture, although extremely at ciation seminar on long-range planning, a tion's effectiveness by the end results, such tractive and durable was disposable and you comment was made that would be appropri as production, sales, profits, percent of net merely put it in the garbage compacter and ate for our convention and the subject of earnings to sales, etc. Th1s is coupled with get new attractive, very inexpensive furni these comments. Planning, as you and I see a fair amount of information about market ture at the next location. it, can be preventative medicine, and you and the company's sha.ra of that market. Or as in "future shock"-you don't move l1ave only to dwell on that for a short period Much less attention, however, is given to your furniture or family. The bread winner, of time to see that a look in the future Will another class of variable, which sgnificantly man or woman, merely goes to the new loca lequire planning today. Peter Drucker, father influences the end -results. These variables, tion and is matehed up with another f!:.mily June 16, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18781 that has the same profile as the one they You will find laser beam controlled ex sizes. That's not far-fetched. Imagine what started. There may be some advantages to pressways from major metropolitan areas canned good manufacturers had to go · this but it sure will be tough on the mover where your power unit and the three or four through to get standard size canned goods. and warehouseman. trailers that it may be pulling are locked 2. In 1985, origin and destination agent's One other thing before we get into the into the laser beam and whisk it 300 miles services by the local warehouseman who is routine move, is that you no longer have a an hour from origin to destination without a carrier's agent very much like 1976 but great deal of packing to do because all dishes drivers, to be met at the terminal by a the actual transportation from origin to except for the very best that great, great, competent van operator that makes the :final destination could be handled by any certifi grandmother left the grandchildren, are dis delivery. cated carrier. Reservations and execution of posable, and by that I mean you don't even In the meantime, the family has locked the long haul move made "just like the old need a dish washer, you just merely throw itself onto a laser way, not an expressway, Timey Air Lines space reservations were them in the garbage disposal and they are for a more leisurely trip, with stop options made way back in 1976." ground up and disposed of in that way. It in route, and lope along at about 100 or 150 3. Management expertise is elevated to a sure is a blessing for everybody that doesn't mlles an hour. much higher level for more effective sophis like to wash and dry dishes. . There will no longer be any railroads but ticated planning. More awareness of the hu The certified moving consultant's job and airrodes over which trains (that's an anti man factors, the intervening variables men his challenge of giving accurate cost in quated expression, however) travel silently tioned earlier. formation on a move becomes much easier. and swiftly, point-to-point on 1,64 of an inch 4. Since land has become so expensive, silo He merely takes a small scanner and aims of air. type storage warehouses will become a real the optical scanner at each piece of furni Well, by now you are probably gathered ity. Not going 2 and 3 high but 10, 20 and 30 high. All automated and retrieved by an ture located in the house which transmits that I have completely lost my mind and this information directly to a central proc that these ideas are absolutely ridiculous economical"llft arrangement." essing unit, maintained by the American and you're probably right. 5. Local moving, now in 1985, could really Without giving away my age, I'm sure mean the relocation of the entire house. The National Relocation Association that records use of the sky crane may even swap houses the item, gives weight, comparable charges, that it was really wlerd for anyone to look at a Buck Rogers or Flash Gordon film and on lots. and ultimately prints out a hard copy at a 6. Meaningful and effective regulation by portable terminal that the CMC has with see images of people shown up on some ole kind of glass tube, that really was ridiculous, the ICC (it survived the onslaught of the him. The CMC then turns to this portable, threat of deregulation efforts of 1975-76 be data processing terminal, and gets the in wasn't it? Or a crazy looking space ship skooting through space. As you reflect back, cause everyone from "The Hill" to the con stant information he needs: point-to-point sumer recognized the value of the ICC and miles, rates, reservations for the move, not only was it improbable that the Wright brothers thought anybody could fly it was what it meant to the greatest transportation motel, he can even call up the realty list system in the world). The industry really ings, etc., all on the boob tube. certainly forever and perpetually impossible that they would fly faster than the speed of rallied for this one and convinced everyone Sounds far-fetched? Not necessarily, the that the efforts to retain regulation were not furniture manufacturer could very well put sound. Whoever heard of such a thing? Did you ever think that polio could be self-serving but public need and necessity. magnetic tapes on all pieces of furniture for In their, that is those who cause things to ease of inventoring and weighing ... similar cured or prevented? Did you envision that a beam generated happen, infinite wisdom, did cancel all the to what they do with the packages in the regulations that had been adopted prior to grocery stores now. from a precious stone, such as a ruby, could develop into something they call a laser 1976 because of ineffective overlap, overlay Suppose, however, you don't have a scan and conflicting requirements. It seems that ner, well, an inventory will be done in the beam? On the one hand in a matter of the thought of a completely new set of effec 1980's by a high-speed, economical Polaroid seconds burn a hole through 6 inches of tive IOC regulations (particular for moving type camera that photographs all the furni hardened steel and on the other hand per and storage companies) was suggested in ture, all sides, thus eliminating the necessity form delicate eye surgery to micromilimeter accuracy? 1976 and the regulatory, consumer and in of an inventory. dustry leaders started the mammoth but As the furniture is loaded on the van, a There were some wild ideas about send challenging task of writing new regulations harmless and invisible spray puts a protec ing sound through the air called radio. Some during 1976-77. They were published in the people even thought about and dreamed tive :film on all fabrics and pieces of furni Federal Register in 1978 and adopted in about sending a space ship to the moon. It ture, eliminating the need for pads, etc. 1979. Guess we better give that a pretty high Realizing that no NFWA member ever has was kind of ridiculous to think that they could send a message, much less a picture priority, shouldn't we? any damage, but just in case he might have, back from the moon, so far away. And, who 7. DOD finally realizes the importance of this means that the protective film would ever would believe that man would walk on the moving/storage services rendered to the have been either marred or broken so when the moon and return safely to earth. service member world wide and assigns an the furniture is unloaded from the rear of Twenty years ago could you have envi Under Secretary of Defense the total respon the trailer, a harmless ray illuminates all sioned eye banks, heart and kidney trans sibllty for supervising and coordinating and of this damaged area and causes a slight plants? Could you have even envisioned a directing of all transportation activities with discoloration of the protective film applied small calculator that could do all the com military and industry representatives. He has at origin. It's pretty easy to spot and deter pllcated calculations of this little instru full power and authority over all services in mine if the damage did occur while in the ment. matters of transportation importance and possession of the mover, and a quick, prompt Brilliant scientists, creative individuals and is the final word. This Under Secretary is a settlement of that claim makes for a happy people of vision caused all those things to shirt-sleeve position of hard work, day-to customer. Incidentally, this fUm disappears happen. Did you know, that there are more day involvement and direction. He works di 48 hours after exposure to the ray beam and scientists living today than have ever lived rectly with a mllitary/industry panel at pol does not harm the air that you breathe nor in the past-combined-so we have the po icy and implementation levels. the furniture it covered. tential. 8. The General Accounting Office recognizes Let's leave the actual move for a minute Well, let's go from the ridiculous to maybe that costs involved in moving are not just and talk about things in general as they not quite so far-fetched ... something to direct dollars and cents by the "total relo might appear in 1985 or early 1990's but think about at a more practical but stm cation process and cost", including but not surely by year 2000. challenging level. William Shakespeare once limited to, quality service, making service Since crime seems to be in the forefront said . . . "thoughts are but dreams tlll members happier, more willing to relocate. these days, in this new era, you merely flip their effect be tried." GAO believes in this so strongly they recom a switch and surround your entire premises, I believe the business and moving execu mended to Congress and they passed the law not just your house, with a security ray. Any tive who wants to function effectively in that quality service is the prime responsi friends wishing to visit you know about it 1985 wlll have to be a very farsighted indi bility and cost is second in priority. This is as they have one too, and they only have vidual and who has the abllity to discern supported by their approval of CERS IV that to "ring the bell" and at your mere thought that which is obvious, but to also prepare for became effective in 1980 giving emphasis to about seeing who is at the door, activates the eventualities that may come ... and quality service. GAO further recognized that a picture like, three dimensional color se they will come . . . like the future, much service members were not trained in, nor curity screen that shows you who is your sooner than most people think. Here are some expected, nor permitted to move themselves. visitor, on voice command the security door of those things for our industry leaders to That they were military men trained to serve .: • "opens" and your friends enter. think about. their country, and for that dedication, were Inertia powered, nonpollutant and noise Eliminate the word "can't" because the entitled to and wlll receive quality, profes less vehicles, whisk us to and from our origin phrase, "I can't" ... eliminates any effort sional moving and storage service provided and destinations over short distances whatsoever and it's up to · s to implement by an equally dedicated moving and storage through the sky, all radar controlled to pre progressive, creative ideas to serve our cus industry. vent any type of collision. Parking is no tomers better. 9. On board weighing devices perfected and problem, you merely put the craft in hover Here are 15 "happenings" that could be used during the interim time between 1976 ing position and proceed with the business come a reality in 1985 . . . or there about. and 1979. This on board weighing device be of the day. 1. Total standardization of container comes obsolete before 1980 because of changes 18782 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1976 1n the methods of determln1ng costs in 7. Buttons still come off at the wrong Viet Nam. We appeal to the President and volved in relocation. time and at the wrong place. the Congress to carry out the healing task 10. Estimating completely changed over to 8. Within one mllUsecond !rom the time of reconcillation. a science and not an art. This sWitch came the light turns green, the fellow behind you RECOGNIZE VIETNAM-HELP RECONSTRUCT VIET about because a group of industry leaders will still blow his horn. NAM working With consumer groups came up With In conclusion, let me leave you with a an entirely unique and "never thought of" thought provoking deflnition of creativity by Grant full amnesty to all war resisters. way to determine charges for relocation serv Jack Taylor, because we in the moving and And, we say to ourselves: Our past caution ices and gained unanimous ICC support. storage industry have before us the "look and inaction were factors in the escalation 11. The general public now insists {)n dis ahead", a challenge and a responsiblllty to of the war in southeast Asia. We confess this cussing their relocation plans only with cer be creative in our plans for the future. Cre grievous fault and ask forgiveness-forgive tified moving consultants. ativity, as defined by Taylor 1s • • • "The ness from God, and also from His children 12. Could you believe this ... and believing imaginatively gifted. recombination of known victimized by our timidity. We dare not, by could make it so, that there was one Ameri elements into something new.... " perpetuating a feeble witness, neglect the can National Relocation Association and un All of these comments can be summed up needs of the Vietnamese and our own people. der this organization a common board of di in just four words: "Hang in there baby!" We pray for new insight and fresh courage rectors with the various divisions that has to act within ourselves and through our com as their respons1b111ties, areas such as tarurs, munities to heal the spiritual and physical warehousing, local moving, long distance PASTORAL LETTERS wounds still remaining from that long and moving, relocation services, research and de painful war. velopment, and Dl&Il8gement development. Wow, that's a wild one, isn't it? Probably HO . RONALD V. DELLUMS SIGNERS OF AP.&IL 1976 PASTOB.AL lETTER many obstacles why it wouldn't work • . . ( Orga.n.lza.tions listed for identification things like antitrust, pride, change, all of the OF CALIFOB.NU purposes only) obstacles that we see impairing these achieve IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bishop Jamea Armstrong, Methodist, The ments, are just the horrible things we see Wednesday, June 16, 1976 Dakotas. when we take our eyes off of that goal. A John C. Bennett, President Emeritus, goal so worthwhile that we should not let Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker,in April of Union Theological Seminary. anything stand in our way. It's about as wild this year a. number of distinguished mem Rev. Daniel J. Berrigan, S. J. an idea as some folks had amound W1111ams bers of the clergy issued a pastoral letter Peggy B1llings, Women's Division, United burg back in the 1770's. It took them quite Methodist Church. awhile to put that one together, didn't it? regarding our past involvement in Viet Wonder how long lt wlll take us to, not look nam, and our continuing responsibilities Eugene Carson Blake, Former General Sec at the "excuses" as why it won't work, but to toward healing the wounds of that ter retary, World Council of Churches. look at the advantages it offers when it does rible war. This pastoral letter is a power Malcolm Boyd, Episcopal Priest & Author. become a reality. And it can. ful reminder to all of us that we cannot Rabbi Balfour Brickner, Union of American 13. Now, since the industry has "seen the run away from our responsibility to our Hebrew Congregations. light" and have grouped under one legally Rev. John Palrman Brown, Ecumenical fellow human beings, regardless of their Peace Institute, San Francisco. constituted umbrella association, one of the race or nationality, who were victimized very first significant benefits that shows up Dr. Robert McAfee Brown, Union Theo is the tremendous impact such a vast asso by that long and devastating war. logical Seminary. ciation has on anything, but especially in Mr. Speaker, I insert this letter, along Bishop John H. Burt, Bishop, Episcopal Washington. Can you imagine the infiuencing with the names of the signers, into the Diocese of Ohio. leadership and direction that could come RECORD: Rev. William Sloane Coffin, Jr. from this association when every warehouse NEW YoRK, April, 1976. Wallace T. Collett. Chairman of the Board, man and his people, every carrier and his American Friends Service Committee. You shall not take vengeance or bear any Dr. Harvey Cox, Professor, Harvard Divinity people, all from virtually every point in the grudge against the chiZclren of your own peo postal guide, is motivated to drop a line to School. ple. You shall love your neighbor as yourself. John J. Dougherty, Auxiliary Bishop of Washington? Well, this was recognized and -Leviticus 19: 18. in 1984 a significant legislative proposal was Newark. introduced into Congress and passed. The For more than 30 years Viet Nam has suf Martin L. Deppe, United .Methodist Pastor, crystal ball wasn't clear what this was ex fered the destruction of a merciless war. For Chicago; Board of Directors CALC. actly . . . just that the industry finally took the past 10 years that same 'Var has caused Lloyd A. Duren, Pa.stor, St. Mark's United the offensive, and aggressive posture, rather pain and division Within our own nation. Methodist Church, Brooklyn. than continuing the defensive one it had We now celebrate the first anniversary of Rev. Richard Fernandez, Institute for maintained since its inception. peace in Viet Nam on April 30. We rejoice World Order, Inc. 14. Peace restored to the world, no through that people are returning to the land to tlll H. Lamar Gibble, Peace and International detente, strength, or threat, co-existence nor tbeir rice fields once again. Reconstruction is Affairs Consultant, World Minlstrtes Com reprisal but by prayer, to the One from whom in progress and reunification of families has mission, Church of the Brethren General all things flow. It was finally recognized that begun. Viet Nam is at one and at peace! Board. capitalism Without God, is just any other Yet the pain and division. of the war con Jim Gittings, Presbyterian Editor, A.D. «tsm." tinues. Our government maintains its re Magazine. 15. An outstanding, intellectually proficient fusal even to recognize Viet Nam, a step Bishop Thomas Gumbleton, Archdiocese person of the highest moral standards, loyal which would begin to normalize diplomatic of Detroit. to no party only to the country they are and cultural relations between our two Donald Harrington, Minister, The Com to serve, elected by an overwhelming majority peoples. munity Church of New York. of all votes cast by a write-in ballot and Our country, which was so unmerciful In Rabbi Charles D. Lippman, Pearl River, this person becomes ... the first lady presi destruction, must be generous in rebuild N.Y. dent of the United States ... incidentally, ing. Land mines stlll explode as farmers Don Luce, Director, Clergy and Laity Con she was born and raised in a small town in plow their fields and bomb craters pock cerned. west, central Georgia. mark the paddy land. Bubonic plague, ma Rev. Paul Mayer, Theologian. Now that we have reflected on some of the laria, and tuberculosis add new victims as Rt. Rev. Paul Moore, Jr., Episcopal Bishop things that have happened and some of the the legacy of war continues. Factories of Diocese of N.Y. things that could happen, let me mention bombed; whole towns destroyed. Rev. Robert V. Moss, President, United just a few that have not yet been resolved We call upon our government to meet Church of Christ. in this year, 1986. Vietnamese requests for medicine, agricul Rev. Jack Mendelsohn, Unitarian Church cf 1. You still have to wait for your luggage tural needs and industrial equipment. A Chicago. at destination. government willing to spend $150 billion Dr. Paul McCleary, Director, Church World 2. The tires on whatever type vehicle you on destruction should be willing to spend Service. are using, stlll won't last over 12,000 mlles. two percent as much on rebuilding. Vern Prehein, Asia Director, Mennonite Excuse me, that's 19,308 kilometers. More than one million American sons Central Committee. 3. Ladies' stockings still run the second a.nd daughters are still penalized for their Rabbi Alexander M. Schindler, President, t !me they a.re worn. opposition to the wa.r 1n Viet Na.m. Vet Union of American Hebrew Congreg. 4. Light bulbs still burn out about every erans with less than honorable discharges: Michael A. Robinson, Rabbi, Temple Israel month or month and a half. 792,500; draft violators: 10,000; non reg of Northern Westchester, N.Y.; Chairman, 5. After dinner speakers continue to show istrants: 1-2 million; civilian war protestors: Committee on Justice & Peace, Central Con l'). unknown: AWOL still at large: 25,000. Ma.ny ference of American Rabbis. -6. Although you have arrived at a destina are denied jobs because of bad discharges, Bishop Walter J. Schoenherr, Auxiliary t·on by some sophisticated means, it still others remain in exile. Bishop Archdiocese of Detroit. tJ.kes you 35 minutes to check into the hotel The time has come to bind up the wounds A. Finley Schaef, minister, Park Slope and 30 minutes to check out. of war and division both at home and with United Methodist Church, Brooklyn, N.Y. June 16, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18783 Joel K. Thompson, Assoc. Gen. Sec. Gen. we are not only considering replacing in future wars. The debate was intense in Board, Church of the Brethren. one of our carriers; we are faced with a 1920-1922, prior to the Washington disarm Donald w. Shriver, President, Union Theo need to replaee eight of our aging For ament conferenc-e. Thereafter, with the size logical Seminary, New York. and composition of the U.S. Navy controlled restal earners. Before we commit our by treaty. the controversy was muted but did Dr. Dorothee Solle, Professor, Union Theo selves to the spending of sueh sums, we logical Seminary. not dle. Nav.al ship construction !ell behind Eugene L. Stockwell, Assoc. General Secre must establish whether the investment is :treaty llmlts and the 1leet aged considerably tary for Overseas Ministeries, National Coun truly justified. after 1922. cil of Churches. The present debate over the usefulness In 1934. Congress passed the Vinson-Tram Sister Mary Luke Tobin, Church Women of the aircraft carrier brings to mind a men Act which authorized new naval con United. similar debate whieh raged between the struction to increase and modernize the 1leet Dr. George Webber, President, New York First and Second World Wars. At tbat within the llmlts prescribed by the treaties. Theological Seminary. time, the Navy was faced with the deci Subsequent amendments and associated Dr. Charles West, Professor of Christian naval appropriations resulted in the con Ethics, Princeton Theological Seminary. sion over whether the battleship had out struction o! ten !ast battleships in accord Rabbi Arnold Wolf, H111el Foundation, Yale lived its utility as the Navy's capital ance with provlslo.ns of this act, prlo.r to and University. ships and whether, in fact, the new con early in World War IL These new battle Dr. Robert Nelson West. Pres. Unitarian cept of the aircraft carrier would com ships were used during World War n prima.r pletely revise future naval warfare. The ny as escorts !or the fast carrlers w.hich Universalist Assoc. came to replace the hattleshlps .as the back U.S. Navy position at that time was that bone of the fleet. the battleship was, and would continue to Th1s paper outun.es the capabilities that be, the mainstay of our naval power. made battleships the primary ships of the WILL THE CARRIER FOLLOW They were, of course, wrong. However, world's naives and identifies the facto:rs tha.t THE BATrLESHIP INTO THE the Navy tendency to continue their al led to their tactical obsolescence. Appendix ARCHIVES? legiance to a proven concept even though I contains the background material for the new circumstances may have made the report and should be eonsulted for a more traditional approach obsolete may onee complete un.derst&nd!ng of the matters dis cussed 1n this paper~ HO . PATRICIA SCHROEDER again be behind the Navy's all-out com BA'l"na!:SHIPS DEVELOPED AS GUN SH1PS OF COLORADO mitment to bigger and better supereaT . an.hlps achieve their purpose by apply IN 1£HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVFS riers. As we now know, the Navy was wrong Ing force_, or the threat of force. against Wednesday, June 16, 1916 enemy ships or shore 1nstallat1o.ns. Weapons fn its commitment to the battleship. The used have varied throughout history. Early Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker.. the mistake in judgment at that time was Warships were platforms for seagoing soldlers fiscal year 1977 defense appropriations not, however. fatal. Back in those dayB, who needed to get close enough to board the bill. ILR. 14262, will be considered by we had enough time-boosted by the enemy ship or to .land and a tta.ck his lnstal the full House tomorrow. Included in bu1Ier Df two oceans-to recover from lations on toot. this bUI of almost $106 billion is $350 any mistakes once they were ID.scovered. The ram bow and early devices that .hurled million for the funding of long leadtime This is not the case anymore. · projectnes. including 1laming liquids, began I can quite honestly say that I am not to alter this form of sea warfare. The in items for our next aircraft carrier. vention of firearms accelerated the Change. In the administration's original de absolutely certain that a decision to con At the time of the Spanish Armada. British fense budget request this year money for tinue our plans for our next aircraft car gunnery proved an e1fectlve alte.mative to an additional aircraft carrier was not re rier would be a mistake of the same seri boarding. but boardlng and capture was :re quested. However, the Armed Se:rvices ous magnitude as the loyalty which typi garded as .an essential naval capability wen Committee independently added this fied our relationship with the battle ln.to the 19th century. But that time, guns ship. I am certain, .however, that the had become the primary .sbip-based funding in its authorization bill passed ~eapons. last April by the House. At that time, an serious questions rai::ed about problems which may be plaguing the carrier 1n the The "automobile.. torpedo, introduced attempt by my colleague Mr. HICKs to future have not been satisfactortly prior to World Wa.r I, provided a potential delete the funding from the authoriza aJ.~ttve to the naval gun far sea battles answered. but not for use against land targets.t A:fter tion bill failed by a very narrow margin. The naval affairs specialist at the Li This same question will be put to the tha-t wa.r the gravity bomb, delivered by atr brary of Congress has recently reviewed cratt. became .a. prom1sfng weapon for use House once again tomorrow. the historical record of the battleship aga.1nst naval targets at sea or ashore. The main reason for removing this debate. His paper, ueonditions That Led Battleships were the most advanced war $350 million item from the fiscal year to the Tactieal Obsolescence of Battle ships developed to employ nav.al guns. They 1977 budget is this: A full review of the ships" is well worth the attention of my became the backbone of the world•s navies usefulness of the aircraft carrier-and its colleagues. The paper raises the possibil a.!ter the defeat of the Spanish Armada and optimum size-has yet to be completed. ity that the use of missiles at sea just remained so until World War n when air craft carriers superseded them as the prin Many questions remain about the vul might change naval history as drastically cipal o1fensive warships. A discussion of the nerability and overall usefulness of the as the introduction of the airplane at sea capabil1ttes important to winning naval bat carrier in the years to come. These ques did during World War II. The result tles, and how these capabillties were em tions should be answered before we be would have serious implications for the bodied In battleships, will be helpfu1 in un gin funding of a carrier likely to cost future vulnerability of the aircraft ear derstanding the tactical advantages which more than $17 billion before its life is rier itself. eventually permitted carriers to Ieplace through. This is a lot of money; sums This issue should be a critical con them. like this should not be approved lightly. sideration in any decision to continue CAPABILirZES DLPORTANT T O WIN.Nl.NG SEA The aircraft carrier has been the main production of Nimitz-class carriers. I BATTLES stay of our fleet since World War II. In think that my colleagues will find the Superior range and fi.repo er of c1fe nsiv~ view, the carrier has served the interests discussion most useful. eapons, mobility, and defensive stren gth are of this co1.:ntry well since that time. But The issue of changing threats at sea important to winning sea ba.ttles. the question facing us today is whether that will be facing the carriers in the Superior range and firepower .2 of o1fensive the present Nimitz-class of carrier wfll future should be a critical consideration weapons convey the ability to destroy an en in any decision to continue production emy before he can begin to retaliate. Ships continue to be as suitable for our future with shorter-range weapon s can be attack ed needs. Technological advances will be of Nimitz-class can·iers. I think that my with impunity unless the battle closes to a posing new threats to our carriers in the eolleagues ill find the discussion most range where their inferior capability can be years to come. useful. used. Our decision this year is made espe The paper follows: Mobillty means speed and enduran ce cially significant by the magnitude of CoWI>rrtONS THAT LED TO T HE TACTICAL {cruising radius). Superior speed enables the OBSOLESCENCE ()1?' BATTLESHIPS ship to engage or disengage at will, and to the money involved here. The total 35- During the interwar years (1918-1941). a choose the most favorable battle scene and year life cycle cost of just one additional continuin g debate took place in the United direction from which to attack unless re Nimitz-class carrier and its air group is~ States between advocates of batt1eships and stricted enduranee interferes. according to figures supplied by the NaVY~ those who believed that atrcra.ft carriers more than $17.5 billion. Furthermore. ou1d be t he most etrecti~e fighting ships Footnotes at end of article. CXXII-- 1184- P a rt 15 18784 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1976 Defensive strength includes aglllty, defen and after World War U, fieet air defense sive firepower, and passive features such as Vinson-Trammell Act, 1934. P.L. 73-135. weapons and tactics became increasingly 73rd Congress, 2nd Session. armor and interior compartmentation de effective. The proximity fuse was a techno signed to limit damage caus~d by enemy ac 6 Naval Construction Act, 1938. P.L. 75-528. logical triumph. Guided missiles were devel 75th Congress, 3rd Session. tion. Agility is helpful in evading the enemy's oped. The use of radar and digital comput retaliatory efforts. Defensive firepower is not ers for raid detection, fighter direction, and necessarily the same as offensive firepower; control of defensive fire became accepted the big gun that destroys enemy ships and practice. Air defense tactics were worked out reinforced concrete shore fortifications is not that coordinated the efforts of a group of LETTERS ON ENERGY ACTION always the best weapon against attacking air ships with those of the carrier's protective craft, small craft or submarines. As is true in aircraft to achieve an effective defense for the offensive case, the advantages of longer the entire force. These measures inhibited HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN ranged we·apons is important. penetration to the target with gravity bombs OF OHIO Ships can be passively hardened against and short-range torpedoes, and prompted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES damage by extensive interior compartmen·ta efforts to develop weapons for aircraft which tion a and by the lnsta.llation of armor plates could be fired from outside the defensive Wednesday, June 16, 1976 on both vertical and horizontal surfaces. perimeter. The production of glide bombs Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, These forms of passive defense have been and guided missiles responded to this need. highly developed and are effective, but they Missiles can be fired from ships and sub yesterday, I attempted to insert in the detract from speed and agility, are costly to marines as well as from airplanes, and this RECORD the Federal Energy Administra install, and create difficulties when it be raises the possibility that use of manned tion's transmittal letters on energy ac comes necessary to perform major repairs or aircraft to transport ordnance to the target, tions Nos. 3 and 4, an amendment to the alterations to equipment installed within the or even part way to the target, may be cur FEA price and allocation regulations armored citadel. tailed in future in favor of missile-delivered which would exempt middle distillates BATTLESHIPS OPTIMIZED FOR WINNING GUN ordnance for some missions. Submarine heating oil, diesel fuel, and kerosene BAT'l'LES launched ballistic missiles have already re placed carrier aircraft as the U.S. Navy's from price and allocation controls. Un The fast new battleships available to the primary weapon for the strategic mission. fortunately, the second transmittal let world's principal sea powers in Woo:ld War II Whether a similar shift will occur in general ter was not printed in the RECORD. were optimized for gun battles in the fol purpose force missions remains to be seen. Therefore, I ask that both letters be lowing ways: Their 9 or more 16-inch guns FOOTNOTES inserted at this time so that my col could shoot ovt*" 20 miles and deliver enough leagues will be aware of the FEA action. firepower to ensure quick destruction. They 1 Early "torpedoes" were not self-mobile. were fast enough to keep up with other fieet They were either moored in seaways, like I urge each of you to give careful consid units in all but the calmest seas and could today's mines, or attached to small craft eration to these energy actions and ~he outrun most smaller ships in moderate (sometimes on a long pole) and rammed supporting documents that should have weather.• They were heavily armored and had into the side of their intended victim. The arrived in your office today. The House excellent compartmentation, were equipped invention of the automobile torpedo, driven has until June 30 to act to disapprove with the best defensive gun batteries in the by small steam engines, was a major evolu such action if that is the wish of this fieet, and were highly maneuverable. Battle tionary step for this weapon. body. ship endurance was great enough not to be 2 Firepower is a measure of the number of The letters follow: a consideration under ordinary circum targets that can be effectively engaged by stances. a particular weapon system or the combina FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRATION, In a gun battle, no other ship was a match tion of weapon systems in a ship, or group of Washington, D.C., June 15, 1976. Hon. CARL ALBERT, for the battleship. However, battleships were ships, in a specified period. a If the interior of a ship is "honeycombed" Speaker of the House of Representatives, superseded by aircraft carriers as the princi Washington, D.C. pal offensive units of their navies because with watertight compartments, battle dam planes possessed superior tactical capabili- age that opens the skin of the ship results Re: Exemption of Middle Distmates (Other , ties over guns. in only limited fiooding. Than No. 2 Heating 011 and No. 2-D Die 6 However, most first-line aircraft carriers sel Fuel) from the Mandatory Petroleum ·TACTICAL SUPERIORITY OF AmPLANES OVER GUNS were faster than battleships. Allocation and Price Regulations (En ergy Action No.4). Aircraft speeds were far greater than the 6 Availab111ty of battleships in carrier task speed of any ship, and by the beginning of groups also insured that the carrier would be DEAR MR. SPEAKER: On April 21, 1976, the World War n their endurance was adequate defended against enemy battleships and Federal Energy Administration gave notice of to permit sustained engagements provided other surface warships if they came close a proposal to exempt No. 1 heating oil, No. that a nearby base was available. Carriers enough to be a threat. 1-D diesel fuel, kerosene and other middle were mobile airbases that insured the sus 6 Proximity-fused projectiles were designed distillates from the Mandatory Petroleum Al tained availability of air power. Aircraft could to explode at, or near, their closest approach location and Price Regulations and to re deliver bombs and torpedoes to ranges well to the target. Their invention was a signifi voke Part 215 (Low Sulphur Petroleum Prod beyond the 20 mile range of a battleship's cant advance over earlier time-fused projec ucts Regulation). Written comments from guns. The aircraft carrier could remain sa.fely tiles which depended on very precise meas interested persons were invited through outside retaliatory range while launching urements of range to the target and exact May 11, 1976, and a public hearing regarding attacks. knowledge of its course and speed, informa the proposal was held on May 12 and 13, 1976. Although highly vulnerable when hit, the tion very hard to acquire under battle condi FEA has now completed its consideration agility of the aircraft made it a difficult tions against a maneuvering airplane. of all the information available in this pro target for the rudimentary antiaircraft ceeding and has determined that the propos weapons installed in ships at the beginning APPENDIX I-PUBLIC RECORD AND PROFESSIONAL al to exempt middle distllla tes should be of the war. Ultimately air defenses were JOURNAL ARTICLES CONCERNING THE DEBATE adopted and that Part 215 should be revoked. devised that effectively defended fieet units OVER THE FUTURE OF BATTLESHIPS As required by section 455 of the Energy against all but the most determined attacks Policy and Conservation Act, Pub. L. 94-163 Hearings Before the Committee on Naval (EPCA), which added section 12 to the (by Kamikaze pilots and guided muni~ions). Affairs of the House of Representatives on By that time the airplane was recogruzed as Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, Sundry Legislation Affecting the Naval as amended (EPAA), each amendment ex 1\ superior offensive weapon and the fast Establishment, 1920-1921. 66th Congress, 3rd new battleships with their fine defensive empting a refined product category from reg Session. (Extracts) ulation must be submitted separately to each armament were principally employed to de Naval Appropriation Bill, 1922. Hearing Be fend aircraft carriers against air attack.6 House of the Congress for review pursuant fore the Subcommittee of House Committee to section 551 of the EPCA. Although the carrier had less integral de on Appropriations. 66th Congress, 3rd Ses fensive power than the battleship, the rela FEA is, therefore, herewith submitting the sion. Pp. 933-938. amendment revoking Part 215 and exempt tive vulnerability of the two types of ship "The Battleship and the Junk Heap," to enemy attack did not prevent the shift to ing No. 1 heating oil, No. 1-D diesel fuel and Scientific American, April 16, 1921. kerosene (which are defined in the EPCA as the aircraft carrier. In retrospect, it is ap "Case of the Airplane Against the Battle parent that the primary tactical advantage a single product category) to the House of ship," The New York Times Book Review ana Representatives, a.nd is concurrently submit of the aircraft carrier over the battleship was Magazine, August 28, 1921. the much greater distance at which its pay ting t his amendment to the Senate, for Con "Bomber versus Battleship," The American gressional review. By Energy Action No. 3, load could be delivered to the target. This Army and Navy Journal, February 25, 1922. advantage had been recognized in 1921. (See FEA is separately submitting to each House "The Battleship," United States Naval In of Congress an amendment exempting the the testimony of Admiral W. S. Sims in stitute Proceedings, May 1938. Appendix I.) other middle distillates (No. 2 heating oil "Battleships," Unfted States Navaz Instt and No. 2-D diesel fuel), which are defined POTENTL'\L FUTURE CHANGES tute Proceedings, August 1940. in the EPCA as a separate refined product The principal tactical weakness of the air "The Genesis of the Modern U.S. Navy," category, for review pursuant to section 551 plane is its vulnerab1lity when hit. During u.s. NavaZ Institute Proceedings, March 1966. of the EPCA. June 16, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18785 The findings and views supporting this of the review period provided for by Section Professors Ralph and Muriel Hidy of Co amendment, which are required by section 551 of the EPCA, whichever is 111.ter. lumbia University studied the business rec 455 of the EPCA, are set forth in the en Sincerely, ords of Standard on and 1ts competitors closed document enitled "Findings and Views JOHN A. Hn.L, and demolished the ''robber baron•• thesis Concerning the Exemption of Middle Dis Acting Administrator. in their pioneering worlt over a decade a.~o. tillates from the Mandatory Petroleum Al The work of the Hidys is the accepted work location and Price Regulations". on the subject within the h1stor1cal pro The Administrator of the Federal Energy fession. Yet Nader ignores the exlstence of Administration has been delegated by the such material and trots out the old fa1se SELF-STYLED CONSUMERIST charges, telling us all the whlle that he is President all the authority granted to him ASSAILS BUSINESS by the EPAA (E.O. 11790, 39 F .R. 23185, dealing in "facts" and the "latest findings." June 27, 197-i). As another case m point. Nader makes Unless disapproved by the Congress as much of the interest groups, noncompetition HON. JOH . A HB OOK and special privilege which exist when the provided by section 551 of the EPCA, the OF OHIO enclosed amendment will be effective July 1, power of the regul.a.tora.y state is used to 1976 or on the first day following expiration IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES favor some at the expense of others. All of of the review period provided for by Sec the Nader examples are drawn from the cor Wednesday, June 16, 1976 porate community, displaying a. remarkable tion 551 of the EPCA, whichever is later. tunnel vision which conveniently ignores Sincerely_. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, little JoHN A. Hn.L, by little the bark is starting to peel off of the abuses of government power which have Acting Administrator. grown from other special-interest groups. the Nader image. Like most things in Special interests are bred by government politics, he is 90 percent image and 10 power as different groups struggle to exer FEDER-.o\L ENERGY ADMINISTRATION, percent substance. As the substance is cise that power for their own purposes. To Washington. D.C., June 15, 1976. becoming better known, Americans are day we have not merely one, but many such Re Exemption of No.2 Heating Oll and No. waking up. special-interest gTOUps, embracing not only 2-D Diesel Fuel from the Mandatory Only yesterday we saw an example <>n the corporate community but education, the Petroleum Allocation and Price Regula the floor of a Member who became an professions, welfare groups, local govern tions (Energy Action No.3). ments, state governments and every group of Hon. CARL ALBERT, instant expert in floor control and pub would-be beneficiaries out to use political Speaker of the House of Representatives, lic works. He evidently took the Nader power to their own advantage. Washington, D.C. short eourse. You know you can take that Nowhere has that political power been DEAR Ma. SPEAKER: On April 21, 1976, the and know about everything from bridges more abused than in two areas which Nader Federal Energy Administration gave notice to gas mains to nuclear generating facil never mentions: labor and the bureaucracy of a proposal to exempt No. 2 heating oll, No. ities. itself. The empire-bullding, special privilege 2-D diesel fuel and other middle distillates This article by George C. Roche m and abuse of the consumer within organized from the Mandatory Petroleum Allocation which appeared in Human Events is quite labor and within the regulatory agencies and Price Regulations and to revoke Part themselves are widespread, yet do not seem 215 {Low Sulphur Petroleum Products Regu revealing and should be read by all Mem to concern Mr. Nader at all. lation). Written comments from interested bers of this body who still think there is In his highly selective approach to the persons were invited through May 11, 1976, something in the 'tO-percent substance of misuse of political power, Nader does great and a public hearing regarding the proposal Ralph Nader. harm to the truth. We share Mr. Nader's was held on May 12 and 13, 1976. SELF-STYLED CONSUMERIST ASSAILS BUSINESS concern that political power and govern FEA has now completed its consideration of (By George c. Roche In) ment regulation have done -so much damage all the information available in this proceed to this country. We decry special privilege ing and has determined that the proposal to A recent Center for Constructive Alterna wherever it appears, but these are arguments exempt middle distillates should be adopted tives seminar at Hillsdale College featured against the granting of sueh great regulatory and that Part 215 should be revoked. As an examination of government regulation power-for any purpose. required by section 455 of the Energy Policy and its effects on American society. One of Nader wishes us to believe that an will be and Conservation Act, Pub. L. 94-163 (EPCA), the speakers appearing as a part of the pro well 1f we grant vast political powers to those which added section 12 to the Emergency gram was Ralph Nader. The invitation to Mr. who share his vision of society. Are we rea1ly Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended Nader was in keeping with the CCA belief to assume that R11.lph Nader will prove an (EPAA), each amendment exempting a. re that the best means of sorting out the most incorruptible and infallible regulator of our fined product category from regulation must (and the least) constructive alternatives on affairs? Is 1t possible that Nader's Raiders and be submitted separately to each House of the any issue is by providing a forum for wiO.ely their bureaucratic allies do not share the Congress for review pursuant to section 551 differing views. human fra.ilties of the rest of us? The Nader appearance provided. a. convinc of the EPCA. Nader's advocacy of vast governmental FEA is, therefore, h-erewith submitting the ing demonstration of just how constructive authority for regulatory agencies is based amendment revoking Part 215 and exempt his policy recommendations are likely to on the argument that such powers have al ing No. 2 heating oil and No. 2-D diesel fuel, prove. Despite receiving and agreeing to the ways been abused. That is the best possible whlch are defined in the EPCA as a single standard instructions for a. CCA speaker-a. argument for suggesting, not that those refined product category, to the House of 50-minute lecture followed by a 20-minute powers should be increased, but that they Representatives, and is also concurrently question period-Nader chose to hold forth sh<>uld be sharply reduced or eliminated. submitting the amendment to the Senate for a. speech of nearly two hours before the ques Congressional review. By Energy Action No.4, tions ever began. Perhaps he needed more FEA is separately submitting to each House than double the usual time to inject all of the of Congress an amendment exempting the hit-and-run, partially examined innuen PERSONAL EXPLANATION other middle distillates (No. 1 heating oll, does and half-truths on which his case de No. 1-D diesel fuel and kerosene), which are pends. defined in the EPCA as another refined prod To correct all the factual and logical errors HO . TOM H KIN uct category, for review pursuant to section which were advanced in those two hours 551 of the EPCA. would take more time than the original OF IOWA The findings and views supporting this Nader speech. It is always easier to hlt-a.nd IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES run than to explore in depth. But there are amendment, which are required by section Wednesday, June 16, 1976 455 of the EPCA, are set forth in the enclosed several basic questions which should be an document entitled "Findings and Views Con swered. Some of those questions were raised Mr. HARKIN. Mr. Speaker, I was un cerning the Exemption of Middle Distillates in the question period following the lecture, but with wholly inadequate time for sys able to be present in the House of Repre from the Mandatory Petroleum Allocation sentatives for· the session of June 14-. and Price Regulations". tematic analysis. Nader made comments which cried out for refutation. 1976, due to a tornado which caused The Administrator of the Federal Energy For example, Nader made much of the widespread disaster in my congressional Administration has been delegated by the "empirical" basis for his position, implying PresiO.ent all the authority granted to him by district, and which made it necessary to a cool, objective approach deeply grounded remain there on that day_ Had I been the EPCA (E.O. 11790, 39 F.R. 23185, July 27, in the "facts" and the "latest findings." Yet 1974). he cited examples of "corporate power," espe present, I would have voted ''no" on roll Unless disapproved by the Congress as pro cially the instance of John D. Rockefeller and call No. 367, which would prohibit funds vided by section 551 of the EPCA, the en Standard OU which have been totally refuted appropriated in H.R. 14261 to be used in closed amendment will be etrecttve July 1, in care.fully docuxnented historical studies the IRS inform.er program.. I would have 1976 or on the first day following expiration available for years. voted "aye" on rollcall No. 368, which 18786 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 17, 1976 would withold 5 percent of the total Lands Act Amendments of 1976, I would porated into their Communist country. budget authority under H.R. 14261 for have voted. "no" on rollcall numbers 374, payments not required by law. Destruction of the free Government of 375 and 376. Lithuania was followed by dispersal of I would have voted "no" on rollcall many of its people. Many went to Siberia No. 369, which would prohibit the use of because of their forthright opposition to IRS funds appropriated under H.R. LITHUANIA the shackles of the Communist form of 14261 for compiling and making public government. records of contacts made by members of HON. JOHN J. RHODES This anniversary is a rueful event for Congress with respect to matters pend the thousands of Americans of Lithu ing before the ms. I would have voted OF ARIZONA anian descent, who still keep alive the "no" on rollcall No. 370, the vote on final IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES passage of H.R. 14261, the Treasury, dream that their homeland shall one day Postal Service and general Government Wednesday, June 16, 1976 again be aglow with the light of freedom. appropriation bill for fiscal year 1977. Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, as we in It should, also, be a reminder to all I would have voted "aye" on rollcall America near the observance of our of us who enjoy the blessings of liberty No. 371, the vote on the rule providing 200th anniversary as a free Nation, it is that we must maintain eternal vigilance for consideration of H.R. 14114, which appropriate that we pause amid our cel in a world harboring aggression and in would temporarily increase the public ebration and give some thought to those habited by many who are ill-disposed to debt limit. I would have voted "no" on in the world who bear the burdens of ward our Republic. It is appropriate that rollcall No. 372, the vote on final passage tyranny and oppression. the House remember the date of Lithu of H.R. 14114. Just 36 years ago, on June 15, the ania's fall, and that we use this occasion Finally, on the following amendments proud little nation of Lithuania was oc to rededicate ourselves to the support to H.R. 6218, the Outer Continental Shelf cupied by the Soviet Union and incor- of freedom around the world.
SENATE-Thursday, June 17, 1976 The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was There being no objection, the Senate cause S. 2657, the Education Amendments called to order by the Acting President proceeded to the consideration of execu of 1976, which was reported to the Senate pro tempore