Crater Lake National Park Oregon

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUBERT WORK. SECRETARY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STEPHEN T. MATHER. DIRECTOR RULES AND REGULATIONS CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK OREGON PALISADE POINT, MOUNT SCOTT IN THE DISTANCE 1923 Season from July 1 to September 30 THE PHANTOM SHIP. FISHING IS EXCELLENT IN CRATER LAKE. THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE. [Number, 19; total area, 11,372 square miles.] Area in National parks in Distinctive characteristics. order of creation. Location. squaro miles. Hot Springs Middle Arkansas li 40 hot springs possessing curative properties- 1832 Many hotels and boarding houses—20 bath houses under public control. Yellowstone Northwestern Wyo 3.348 More geysers than in all rest of world together- 1872 ming. Boiling springs—Mud volcanoes—Petrified for ests—Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, remark able for gorgeous coloring—Large lakes—Many largo streams and waterfalls—Vast wilderness, greatest wild bird and animal preserve in world— Exceptional trout fishing. Sequoia. Middle eastern Cali 252 The Big Tree National Park—several hundred 1S90 fornia. sequoia trees over 10 feet in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet, hi diameter—Towering mountain ranges- Startling precipices—Mile long cave of delicate beauty." Yosemito Middle eastern Cali 1,125 Valley of world-famed beauty—Lofty chits—Ro 1890 fornia. mantic vistas—Many waterfalls of extraordinary height—3 groves of big trees—High Sierra— Waterwhcol falls—Good trout fishing. General Grant Middle eastern Cali 4 Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant 1S90 fornia. Tree, 3* feet in diameter—6 miles from Sequoia National Park. Mount Rainier ... West central Wash 321 Largest accessible single peak glacier system—28 1899 ington. glaciers, some of large size—18 square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet thick—Wonderful subalpine wild-flower fields. Southwestern Oregon. 249 Lake of extraordinary blue in. crater of extiuet 1902 volcano—Sides 1,000 feet high—Interesting lava formal ions—Pine fishing. Wind Cave South Dakota 17 Cavern having many miles of galleries and numer 1903 ous chambers containing peculiar formations. Plait Southern Oklahoma... 11 Many sulphur and other springs possessing medici 1904 nal value. Sullvs Hill 11 Small park with woods, streams, and a lake—Is an 1904 important wild-animal preserve. Mesa Verde Southwestern Colo 77 Most notable and best preserved prehistoric cliff 19116 rado. dwellings in United States, if not in the world. Northwestern Mon 1, 534 Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine 1910 tana. character—250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty—60 small glaciers—Precipices thousands of feet deep—Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality—Fine trout fishing. Rocky Mountain. North middle Colo 3fl7i Heart of the Rockies—Snowy range, peaks 11,000 1916 rado. to 14,255 feet altitude—Remarkable records of glacial period. Hawaii 186 Three separate areas—Kilauea and Mauna Loa on 1910 Hawaii: Haleakala on Maui. Lassen Volcanic.. Northern California... 124 Onlv active volcano in United States proper— 1916 Lassen Peak, 10,465 feet—Cinder (.'one 6,K70 feet—Hot Springs—Mud geysers. Mount McKinlev. South central Alaska.. 2,045 Highest mountain in North America—Rises higher 1917 above surrounding country than any other moun tain in the world. Grand Canvon North central Arizona. 958 The greatest example of erosion and the most sub 1919 lime spectacle in the world. Lafayette 8 The group of granite mountains upon Mount Desert 1919 island. Southwestern Utah... 130 Magnificent gorge (Zion Canyon), depth from 800 1919 to 2,000 feet, with precipitous walls—Of great beauty and scenic, interest. 2i!)82°—2K 2 in The National Parks Portfolio (THIRD EDITION) presentation of the national A parks and national monu ments in picture. The selection is Bound securely from the best work of many photog in cloth raphers, professional and amateur. One dollar It contains nine chapters descriptive each of a national park, and one larger chapter devoted to other parks and monuments. 248 pages, including 306 illustrations ^ Sent post paid, upon receipt of price in cash or money order, by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. IV CONTENTS. (Page. General description 1 An unforgetable spectacle 2 How it was discovered 3 Seeing Crater Lake 4 Camping out on the "Rim 4 Trails to the lakeside and elsewhere T Unusual fishing 4 Notes on the wild flowers 5 Administration G How to reach the park. 7 Railroad information 7 Scenic approaches to Crater Lake 7 Mod ford and the Rogue River Valley !) Willamette Valley and Portland !) Approaches by automobile 10 Principal points of interest 12 Rules and regulations 12 General regulations 12 Automobile and motorcycle regulations 1G Map IS Panoramic view 18 Literature 18 Government publications 19 Distributed free by the National Park Service 19 Sold by the Superintendent of Documents 19 Bibliography 19 Other national parks 20 Authorized rates for public utilities 20 Autostage service from railroad points to Crater Lake 20 Hotels and camps 21 General stores 21 Transportation within the park 22 ILLUSTRATIONS. COVEB. Palisade. Point, Mount Scott in the distance Front. The Phantom Ship Inside front. Fishing is excellent in Crater Lake Inside front. Motors on Rim Road over Skell Head Inside hack. Grater Lake Lodge Inside back. Cliff east of Eagle Cove Back. TEXT. Page. Mount Mazama restored 1 Railroad routes to Crater Lake National Park 8 Guide map of Crater Lake National Park 10 Map showing automobile roads between Crater Lake. Lassen Volcanic, and Mt. Rainier National Parks 11 v CRATER LAKE, AULDEON-LIKE and circular, 7,000 feet C high, is perched amid the peaks. Perpen dicular sides of slaggy lava rise over a thousand feet from waters of indigo hlue 6 miles across and 2,000 feet deep. " To the scientist, a mighty volcano collapsed within itself, Mount Mazama, 15,000 feet high, telescoped. " To the poet, ' the sea of sapphire,' ' the sea of silence,'' a lake of mystery.' " To me, a shell hole of a Avar of Avorlds—who knoAvs ? " Could the great blind poet have seen this marvel ere his pen had Lucifer and his host of rebel angels— Hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky. With hideous ruin and combustion down— in Miltonic imagery here he'd have found the impact." —Congressman Siimott, in House of Representatives, August 20, WIS, Yl CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. RATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK is in the very heart of C the Cascade Range in southern Oregon. It has an area of 249 square miles, or 159,360 acres, and was set apart from the public domain and dedicated as a park on May 22, 1902. Crater Lake itself is a body of water 6 miles in diameter of un believable blue, occupying the crater of an extinct volcano. In this neighborhood the Cascades merge into a broad, irregular platform surmounted by volcanic cones. The cones vary greatly in size and are distributed without regularhy. Each has been an active volcano. The fragments, blown oiit by violent eruption, have fallen upon the volcanic orifice from which they issued and built up cinder cones. MOUNT MAZAMA RESTORED. From their bases have spread streams of lava (coulees), raising the general level of the country between the cones. From some vents by many eruptions, both explosive and effusive, large cones, like McLoughlin. Shasta, and Hood, have been built up. Were we to examine their internal structure, exposed in the walls of the canyons carved in their slopes, we should find them composed of overlapping layers of lava and volcanic conglomerate. But to this general form of volcanic architecture there was an exception. One of the very largest of these ancient volcanoes was Mount Mazama, which lifted its majestic cone nearly to the height of Mount Rainier, 300 miles to the north. But this was ages ago. No human eyes ever saw Mount Mazama. Long before man came the entire upper part of it in some titanic cataclysm fell in upon itself as if swallowed by a subterranean cav ern, leaving its craterlike lava sides cut sharply downward into the central abyss. What a spectacle that must have been! The first awful depth of this vast hole no man can guess. But the volcano was not quenched. It burst up through the collapsed lavas l 2 CEATEK LAKE NATIONAL PAKK. in three places, making lesser cones within the crater, but none cpiite so high as the surrounding rim. Then the fires ceased and gradually, as the years passed, springs percolated into the vast basin and precipitation, in the form of snow, filled it with water Avithin a thousand feet of its rim. This is Crater Lake. To-day one small cone emerges a few hundred feet from the sur face. The lake is 2,000 feet deep in places. It has no inlet of any sort, nor is there any stream running out of it; but the Avater is sup posed to escape by underground channels and to reappear as springs in the Klamath region, a few miles away. Geologists find Crater Lake of special interest because of the Avay nature made it. Many Arolcanoes have had their tops blown off and Mount Rainier was one of these, but no other in the United States has fallen in like Mount Mazama. The evidence of this process is quite conclusive. The lava found on the slopes that remain Avas not bloAvn there from an exploding svunmit, but ran, hot and fluid, from a crater many thousands of feet higher. The pitch of these outer slopes enables the scientist to tell with reasonable probability how high the A'olcano originally Avas. There are crater lakes in other lands: in Italy, for instance, in Germany, India, and Hawaii; and although there are thousands of craters in this country, some of which contain small lakes, there is but one great caldera in the Avorld and that contains Crater Lake.

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