Interrogating the Development of Enteric Nervous System in Zebrafish Using Transcriptomics Sweta Roy-Carson Iowa State University
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Welcome to the New Open Access Neurosci
Editorial Welcome to the New Open Access NeuroSci Lucilla Parnetti 1,* , Jonathon Reay 2, Giuseppina Martella 3 , Rosario Francesco Donato 4 , Maurizio Memo 5, Ruth Morona 6, Frank Schubert 7 and Ana Adan 8,9 1 Centro Disturbi della Memoria, Laboratorio di Neurochimica Clinica, Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy 2 Department of Psychology, Teesside University, Victoria, Victoria Rd, Middlesbrough TS3 6DR, UK; [email protected] 3 Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, Fondazione Santa Lucia, and University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00143 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] 5 Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; [email protected] 6 Department of Cell Biology, School of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Av. Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 7 School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2DY, UK; [email protected] 8 Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 9 Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 August 2020; Accepted: 17 August 2020; Published: 3 September 2020 Message from Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Dr. Lucilla Parnetti With sincere satisfaction and pride, I present to you the new journal, NeuroSci, for which I am pleased to serve as editor-in-chief. To date, the world of neurology has been rapidly advancing, NeuroSci is a cross-disciplinary, open-access journal that offers an opportunity for presentation of novel data in the field of neurology and covers a broad spectrum of areas including neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, clinical research and clinical trials, molecular and cellular neuroscience, neuropsychology, cognitive and behavioral neuroscience, and computational neuroscience. -
The Creation of Neuroscience
The Creation of Neuroscience The Society for Neuroscience and the Quest for Disciplinary Unity 1969-1995 Introduction rom the molecular biology of a single neuron to the breathtakingly complex circuitry of the entire human nervous system, our understanding of the brain and how it works has undergone radical F changes over the past century. These advances have brought us tantalizingly closer to genu- inely mechanistic and scientifically rigorous explanations of how the brain’s roughly 100 billion neurons, interacting through trillions of synaptic connections, function both as single units and as larger ensem- bles. The professional field of neuroscience, in keeping pace with these important scientific develop- ments, has dramatically reshaped the organization of biological sciences across the globe over the last 50 years. Much like physics during its dominant era in the 1950s and 1960s, neuroscience has become the leading scientific discipline with regard to funding, numbers of scientists, and numbers of trainees. Furthermore, neuroscience as fact, explanation, and myth has just as dramatically redrawn our cultural landscape and redefined how Western popular culture understands who we are as individuals. In the 1950s, especially in the United States, Freud and his successors stood at the center of all cultural expla- nations for psychological suffering. In the new millennium, we perceive such suffering as erupting no longer from a repressed unconscious but, instead, from a pathophysiology rooted in and caused by brain abnormalities and dysfunctions. Indeed, the normal as well as the pathological have become thoroughly neurobiological in the last several decades. In the process, entirely new vistas have opened up in fields ranging from neuroeconomics and neurophilosophy to consumer products, as exemplified by an entire line of soft drinks advertised as offering “neuro” benefits. -
The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’S Disease
life Review The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’s Disease Gianfranco Natale 1,2,* , Larisa Ryskalin 1 , Gabriele Morucci 1 , Gloria Lazzeri 1, Alessandro Frati 3,4 and Francesco Fornai 1,4 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] (L.R.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (F.F.) 2 Museum of Human Anatomy “Filippo Civinini”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy 3 Neurosurgery Division, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 4 Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is provided with a peculiar nervous network, known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is dedicated to the fine control of digestive functions. This forms a complex network, which includes several types of neurons, as well as glial cells. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive classification of these neurons is still lacking. The complexity of ENS is magnified by a multiple control of the central nervous system, and bidirectional communication between various central nervous areas and the gut occurs. This lends substance to the complexity of the microbiota–gut–brain axis, which represents the network governing homeostasis through nervous, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. The present manuscript is dedicated to Citation: Natale, G.; Ryskalin, L.; identifying various neuronal cytotypes belonging to ENS in baseline conditions. -
Signalling Between Microvascular Endothelium and Cardiomyocytes Through Neuregulin Downloaded From
Cardiovascular Research (2014) 102, 194–204 SPOTLIGHT REVIEW doi:10.1093/cvr/cvu021 Signalling between microvascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes through neuregulin Downloaded from Emily M. Parodi and Bernhard Kuhn* Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Enders Building, Room 1212, Brookline, MA 02115, USA Received 21 October 2013; revised 23 December 2013; accepted 10 January 2014; online publish-ahead-of-print 29 January 2014 http://cardiovascres.oxfordjournals.org/ Heterocellular communication in the heart is an important mechanism for matching circulatory demands with cardiac structure and function, and neuregulins (Nrgs) play an important role in transducing this signal between the hearts’ vasculature and musculature. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding Nrgs, explaining their roles in transducing signals between the heart’s microvasculature and cardiomyocytes. We highlight intriguing areas being investigated for developing new, Nrg-mediated strategies to heal the heart in acquired and congenital heart diseases, and note avenues for future research. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Keywords Neuregulin Heart Heterocellular communication ErbB -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------† † † This article is part of the Spotlight Issue on: Heterocellular signalling -
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family As a Central Element for Cellular Signal Transduction and Diversification
Endocrine-Related Cancer (2001) 8 11–31 The epidermal growth factor receptor family as a central element for cellular signal transduction and diversification N Prenzel, O M Fischer, S Streit, S Hart and A Ullrich Max-Planck Institut fu¨r Biochemie, Department of Molecular Biology, Am Klopferspitz 18A, 82152 Martinsried, Germany (Requests for offprints should be addressed to A Ullrich; Email: [email protected]) Abstract Homeostasis of multicellular organisms is critically dependent on the correct interpretation of the plethora of signals which cells are exposed to during their lifespan. Various soluble factors regulate the activation state of cellular receptors which are coupled to a complex signal transduction network that ultimately generates signals defining the required biological response. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases represents both key regulators of normal cellular development as well as critical players in a variety of pathophysiological phenomena. The aim of this review is to give a broad overview of signal transduction networks that are controlled by the EGFR superfamily of receptors in health and disease and its application for target-selective therapeutic intervention. Since the EGFR and HER2 were recently identified as critical players in the transduction of signals by a variety of cell surface receptors, such as G-protein-coupled receptors and integrins, our special focus is the mechanisms and significance of the interconnectivity between heterologous signalling systems. Endocrine-Related Cancer (2001) 8 11–31 Introduction autophosphorylation of cytoplasmic tyrosine residues (reviewed in Ullrich & Schlessinger 1990, Heldin 1995, Cell surface receptors integrate a multitude of extracellular Alroy & Yarden 1997). -
Head & Neck Surgery Course
Head & Neck Surgery Course Parapharyngeal space: surgical anatomy Dr Pierfrancesco PELLICCIA Pr Benjamin LALLEMANT Service ORL et CMF CHU de Nîmes CH de Arles Introduction • Potential deep neck space • Shaped as an inverted pyramid • Base of the pyramid: skull base • Apex of the pyramid: greater cornu of the hyoid bone Introduction • 2 compartments – Prestyloid – Poststyloid Anatomy: boundaries • Superior: small portion of temporal bone • Inferior: junction of the posterior belly of the digastric and the hyoid bone Anatomy: boundaries Anatomy: boundaries • Posterior: deep fascia and paravertebral muscle • Anterior: pterygomandibular raphe and medial pterygoid muscle fascia Anatomy: boundaries • Medial: pharynx (pharyngobasilar fascia, pharyngeal wall, buccopharyngeal fascia) • Lateral: superficial layer of deep fascia • Medial pterygoid muscle fascia • Mandibular ramus • Retromandibular portion of the deep lobe of the parotid gland • Posterior belly of digastric muscle • 2 ligaments – Sphenomandibular ligament – Stylomandibular ligament Aponeurosis and ligaments Aponeurosis and ligaments • Stylopharyngeal aponeurosis: separates parapharyngeal spaces to two compartments: – Prestyloid – Poststyloid • Cloison sagittale: separates parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal space Aponeurosis and ligaments Stylopharyngeal aponeurosis Muscles stylohyoidien Stylopharyngeal , And styloglossus muscles Prestyloid compartment Contents: – Retromandibular portion of the deep lobe of the parotid gland – Minor or ectopic salivary gland – CN V branch to tensor -
Glutamatergic Synaptic Plasticity in the Mesocorticolimbic System in Addiction
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 20 January 2015 CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00466 Glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in the mesocorticolimbic system in addiction Aile N. van Huijstee and Huibert D. Mansvelder * Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Edited by: Addictive drugs remodel the brain’s reward circuitry, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) Arianna Maffei, SUNY Stony Brook, system, by inducing widespread adaptations of glutamatergic synapses. This drug-induced USA synaptic plasticity is thought to contribute to both the development and the persistence Reviewed by: Christian Luscher, Geneva of addiction. This review highlights the synaptic modifications that are induced by in vivo University Hospital, University of exposure to addictive drugs and describes how these drug-induced synaptic changes may Geneva, Switzerland contribute to the different components of addictive behavior, such as compulsive drug Fereshteh S. Nugent, Uniformed use despite negative consequences and relapse. Initially, exposure to an addictive drug Services University, USA induces synaptic changes in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). This drug-induced synaptic *Correspondence: Huibert D. Mansvelder, Department potentiation in the VTA subsequently triggers synaptic changes in downstream areas of of Integrative Neurophysiology, the mesocorticolimbic system, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the prefrontal Center -
Oxytocin Effects in Mothers and Infants During Breastfeeding
© 2013 SNL All rights reserved REVIEW Oxytocin effects in mothers and infants during breastfeeding Oxytocin integrates the function of several body systems and exerts many effects in mothers and infants during breastfeeding. This article explains the pathways of oxytocin release and reviews how oxytocin can affect behaviour due to its parallel release into the blood circulation and the brain. Oxytocin levels are higher in the infant than in the mother and these levels are affected by mode of birth. The importance of skin-to-skin contact and its association with breastfeeding and mother-infant bonding is discussed. Kerstin Uvnäs Moberg Oxytocin – a system activator increased function of inhibitory alpha-2 3 MD, PhD xytocin, a small peptide of just nine adrenoceptors . Professor of Physiology amino acids, is normally associated The regulation of the release of oxytocin Swedish University of Agriculture O with labour and the milk ejection reflex. is complex and can be affected by different [email protected] However, oxytocin is not only a hormone types of sensory inputs, by hormones such Danielle K. Prime but also a neurotransmitter and a as oestrogen and even by the oxytocin 1,2 molecule itself. This article will focus on PhD paracrine substance in the brain . During Breastfeeding Research Associate breastfeeding it is released into the brain of four major sensory input nervous Medela AG, Baar, Switzerland both mother and infant where it induces a pathways (FIGURES 2 and 3) activated by: great variety of functional responses. 1. Sucking of the mother’s nipple, in which Through three different release pathways the sensory nerves originate in the (FIGURE 1), oxytocin functions rather like a breast. -
The Enteric Nervous System: a Second Brain
The Enteric Nervous System: A Second Brain MICHAEL D. GERSHON Columbia University Once dismissed as a simple collection of relay ganglia, the enteric nervous system is now recognized as a complex, integrative brain in its own right. Although we still are unable to relate complex behaviors such as gut motility and secretion to the activity of individual neurons, work in that area is proceeding briskly--and will lead to rapid advances in the management of functional bowel disease. Dr. Gershon is Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. In addition to numerous scientific publications, he is the author of The Second Brain (Harper Collins, New York, 1998). Structurally and neurochemically, the enteric nervous system (ENS) is a brain unto itself. Within those yards of tubing lies a complex web of microcircuitry driven by more neurotransmitters and neuromodulators than can be found anywhere else in the peripheral nervous system. These allow the ENS to perform many of its tasks in the absence of central nervous system (CNS) control--a unique endowment that has permitted enteric neurobiologists to investigate nerve cell ontogeny and chemical mediation of reflex behavior in a laboratory setting. Recognition of the importance of this work as a basis for developing effective therapies for functional bowel disease, coupled with the recent, unexpected discovery of major enteric defects following the knockout of murine genes not previously known to affect the gut, has produced a groundswell of interest that has attracted some of the best investigators to the field. Add to this that the ENS provides the closest thing we have to a window on the brain, and one begins to understand why the bowel--the second brain--is finally receiving the attention it deserves. -
Neurotransmitter Actions
Central University of South Bihar Panchanpur, Gaya, India E-Learning Resources Department of Biotechnology NB: These materials are taken/borrowed/modified/compiled from various resources like research articles and freely available internet websites, and are meant to be used solely for the teaching purpose in a public university, and for serving the needs of specified educational programmes. Dr. Jawaid Ahsan Assistant Professor Department of Biotechnology Central University of South Bihar (CUSB) Course Code: MSBTN2003E04 Course Name: Neuroscience Neurotransmitter Actions • Excitatory Action: – A neurotransmitter that puts a neuron closer to an action potential (facilitation) or causes an action potential • Inhibitory Action: – A neurotransmitter that moves a neuron further away from an action potential • Response of neuron: – Responds according to the sum of all the neurotransmitters received at one time Neurotransmitters • Acetylcholine • Monoamines – modified amino acids • Amino acids • Neuropeptides- short chains of amino acids • Depression: – Caused by the imbalances of neurotransmitters • Many drugs imitate neurotransmitters – Ex: Prozac, zoloft, alcohol, drugs, tobacco Release of Neurotransmitters • When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, Ca+ channels in the neuron open • Causes Ca+ to rush in – Cause the synaptic vesicles to fuse with the cell membrane – Release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft • After binding, neurotransmitters will either: – Be destroyed in the synaptic cleft OR – Taken back in to surrounding neurons (reuptake) Excitable cells: Definition: Refers to the ability of some cells to be electrically excited resulting in the generation of action potentials. Neurons, muscle cells (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth), and some endocrine cells (e.g., insulin- releasing pancreatic β cells) are excitable cells. -
Regulation of Adipose Tissue Function and Metabolic Homeostasis
REGULATION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE FUNCTION AND METABOLIC HOMEOSTASIS by Guoxiao Wang A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Cellular and Molecular Biology) in the University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral committee: Associate Professor Jiandie D. Lin, Chair Associate Professor Peter Dempsey Professor Ormond MacDougald Professor Liangyou Rui Professor Alan R. Saltiel © Guoxiao Wang 2014 DEDICATION To my parents and my husband, for their unconditional love ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to give special thanks to my mentor Jiandie Lin, who inspires confidence, enhances criticism and drives me forward. He bears all the virtues of a good mentor, always available to students despite the tremendous demands on his time. By actively doing research himself, he led us from the front and served as a role model. He has created a lab that is scientifically intense yet nurturing. He celebrates everybody’s success and respects individual difference, allowing us to “smell the rose”. I also would like to thank Siming Li, senior research staff in our lab, who has provided tremendous help from the start of my rotation and throughout my thesis research. I want to thank all my labmates, for the help I receive and friendship I enjoy. Thank you Xuyun Zhao and Zhuoxian Meng for help on our collaborative projects. Thank you Zhimin Chen and Yuanyuan Xiao for sharing resources and ideas that moves my project forward. Thank you Zoharit Cozacov for being such a terrific technician. And thank you Qi Yu and Lin Wang for providing common reagents to allow the lab to run smoothly. -
Internal State Dependent Odor Processing and Perception—The Role of Neuromodulation in the Fly Olfactory System
REVIEW published: 30 January 2018 doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00011 Internal State Dependent Odor Processing and Perception—The Role of Neuromodulation in the Fly Olfactory System Sercan Sayin 1†, Ariane C. Boehm 1,2†, Johanna M. Kobler 1,2†, Jean-François De Backer 1 and Ilona C. Grunwald Kadow 1,2* 1 Neural Circuits and Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany, 2 Chemosensory Coding, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany Animals rely heavily on their sense of olfaction to perform various vital interactions with an ever-in-flux environment. The turbulent and combinatorial nature of air-borne odorant cues demands the employment of various coding strategies, which allow the animal to attune to its internal needs and past or present experiences. Furthermore, these internal needs can be dependent on internal states such as hunger, reproductive state and sickness. Neuromodulation is a key component providing flexibility under such conditions. Understanding the contributions of neuromodulation, such as sensory neuron sensitization and choice bias requires manipulation of neuronal activity on a local Edited by: and global scale. With Drosophila’s genetic toolset, these manipulations are feasible Christiane Linster, and even allow a detailed look on the functional role of classical neuromodulators Cornell University, United States such as dopamine, octopamine and neuropeptides. The past years unraveled various Reviewed by: mechanisms adapting chemosensory processing and perception to internal states such Thomas Dieter Riemensperger, Department of Molecular as hunger and reproductive state. However, future research should also investigate Neurobiology of Behaviour, Germany the mechanisms underlying other internal states including the modulatory influence Markus Rothermel, RWTH Aachen University, Germany of endogenous microbiota on Drosophila behavior.