DOCSLIB.ORG

The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade to the United States of America, 1638-1870

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade to the United States of America, 1638-1870 HARVARD HISTORICAL STUDIES PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT FROM THE INCOME OF enrr Warren Corre^ Jfunn VOLUME I. HUS VGG>=, THE SUPPRESSION OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE-TRADE TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1638-1870 BY W. E. BURGHARDT Du BOIS, PH.D. (HARV.) SOMETIME FELLOW OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR IN WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY NEW IMPRESSION NEW YORK LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. LONDON AND BOMBAY 1904 Copyright, 1896, BY THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE. First Edition, October, 1896 Reprinted February, 1904 UNIVERSITY PRESS: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A. PREFACE. monograph was begun during my residence as THISRogers Memorial Fellow at Harvard University, and is based mainly upon a study of the sources, i. e., national, State, and colonial statutes, Congressional doc- uments, reports of societies, personal narratives, etc. The collection of laws available for this research was, I on the other facts and think, nearly complete ; hand, statistics bearing on the economic side of the study have been difficult to find, and my conclusions are conse- quently liable to modification from this source. The question of the suppression of the slave-trade is so intimately connected with the questions as to its rise, the system of American slavery, and the whole colonial policy of the eighteenth century, that it is difficult to isolate at it, and the same time to avoid superficiality on the one hand, and unscientific narrowness of view on the other. While I could not hope entirely to overcome a such difficulty, I nevertheless trust that I have suc- ceeded in rendering this monograph a small contribu- tion to the scientific study of slavery and the American Negro. vi PREFACE. I desire to express my obligation to Dr. Albert Bush- nell Hart, of Harvard University, at whose suggestion I began this work and by whose kind aid and encourage- ment I have it to a close also I have to thank brought ; the trustees of the John F. Slater Fund, whose appoint- ment made it possible to test the conclusions of this study by the general principles laid down in German universities. W. E. BURGHARDT Du BOIS. WlLBERFORCE UNIVERSITY, March, 1896. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. PAGE 1. Plan of the Monograph i 2. The Rise of the English Slave-Trade i CHAPTER II. THE PLANTING COLONIES. 3. Character of these Colonies 7 4. Restrictions in Georgia 7 5. Restrictions in South Carolina 9 6. Restrictions in North Carolina 1 1 7. Restrictions in Virginia 12 8. Restrictions in Maryland 14 9. General Character of these Restrictions 15 CHAPTER III. THE FARMING COLONIES. 10. Character of these Colonies 16 11. The Dutch Slave-Trade 17 12. Restrictions in New York 18 13. Restrictions in Pennsylvania and Delaware 20 14. Restrictions in New Jersey 24 15. General Character of these Restrictions 25 viii CONTENTS. CHAPTER IV. THE TRADING COLONIES. PAGE Character of these 16. Colonies 27 New 17. England and the Slave-Trade 27 18. Restrictions in New Hampshire 29 19. Restrictions in Massachusetts 30 20. Restrictions in Rhode Island 33 21. Restrictions in Connecticut 37 22. General Character of these Restrictions 37 CHAPTER V. THE PERIOD OF THE REVOLUTION, 1774-1787. 23. The Situation in 1774 39 24. The Condition of the Slave-Trade 40 25. The Slave-Trade and the "Association" 41 26. The Action of the Colonies 42 27. The Action of the Continental Congress 44 28. Reception of the Slave-Trade Resolution 45 29. Results of the Resolution 47 30. The Slave-Trade and Public Opinion after the War 48 31. The Action of the Confederation 50 CHAPTER VI. THE FEDERAL CONVENTION, 1787. 32. The First Proposition 53 33. The General Debate 54 " " 34. The Special Committee and the Bargain 58 35. The Appeal to the Convention 59 36. Settlement by the Convention 61 37. Reception of the Clause by the Nation 62 38. Attitude of the State Conventions , 65 39. Acceptance of the Policy 68 CONTENTS. IX CHAPTER VII. TOUSSAINT L'OUVERTURE AND ANTI-SLAVERY EFFORT, 1787-1807. PAGE 40. Influence of the Haytian Revolution 7 41. Legislation of the Southern States 7* 2 42. Legislation of the Border States 7 43. Legislation of the Eastern States 73 44. First Debate in Congress, 1789 74 45. Second Debate in Congress, 1790 75 8 46. The Declaration of Powers, 1790 7 80 47. The Act of 1794 81 48. The Act of 1800 49. The Act of 1803 84 50. State of the Slave-Trade from 1789 to 1803 85 86 51. The South Carolina Repeal of 1803 52. The Louisiana Slave-Trade, 1803-1805 87 53. Last Attempts at Taxation, 1805-1806 91 2 54. Key-Note of the Period 9 CHAPTER VIII. THE PERIOD OF ATTEMPTED SUPPRESSION, 1807-1825. 55. The Act of 1807 94 56. The First Question : How shall illegally imported Africans be disposed of ? 96 57. The Second Question : How shall Violations be punished ? . 102 58. The Third Question : How shall the Interstate Coastwise Slave- Trade be protected ? 104 59. Legislative History of the Bill 105 60. Enforcement of the Act 108 61. Evidence of the Continuance of the Trade 109 62. Apathy of the Federal Government 1 12 63. Typical Cases 117 64. The Supplementary Acts, 1818-1820 118 65. Enforcement of the Supplementary Acts, 1818-1825 123 c CONTENTS. CHAPTER IX. THE INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF THE SLAVE-TRADE, 1783-1862. PAGE 66. The Rise of the Movement against the Slave-Trade, 1788-1807 . 131 67. Concerted Action of the Powers, 1783-1814 133 68. Action of the Powers from 1814 to 1820 134 69. The Struggle for an International Right of Search, 1820-1840 . 136 70. Negotiations of 1823-1825 138 71. The Attitude of the United States and the State of the Slave- Trade 141 72. The Quintuple Treaty, 1839-1842 143 73. Final Concerted Measures, 1842-1862 146 CHAPTER X. THE RISE OF THE COTTON KINGDOM, 1820-1850. 74. The Economic Revolution 151 75. The Attitude of the South 154 76. The Attitude of the- North and Congress 155 77. Imperfect Application of the Laws 158 16-1 78. Responsibility of the Government 162 79. Activity of the Slave-Trade, 1820-1850 CHAPTER XI. THE FINAL CRISIS, 1850-1870. 80. The Movement against the Slave-Trade Laws 168 81. Commercial Conventions of 1855-1856 169 82. Commercial Conventions of 1857-1858 170 J 2 83. Commercial Convention of 1859 7 84. Public Opinion in the South 173 85. The Question in Congress 175 86. Southern Policy in 1860 176 87. Increase of the Slave-Trade from 1850 to 1860 178 CONTENTS. xi PAGE 88. Notorious Infractions of the Laws 180 89. Apathy of the Federal Government 183 90. Attitude of the Southern Confederacy 188 Attitude of the 91. United States 191 CHAPTER XII. THE ESSENTIALS IN THE STRUGGLE. 92. How the Question Arose 194 93. The Moral Movement 195 94. The Political Movement 196 95. The Economic Movement 197 96. The Lesson for Americans 197 APPENDICES. A. A Chronological Conspectus of Colonial and State Legislation restricting the African Slave-Trade, 1641-1787 201 B. A Chronological Conspectus of State, National, and International Legislation, 1788-1871 230 C. Typical Cases of Vessels engaged in the American Slave-Trade, 1619-1864 289 D. Bibliography 299 INDEX 327 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. 1. Plan of the Monograph. 2. The Rise of the English Slave-Trade. 1. Plan of the Monograph. This monograph proposes to set forth the efforts made in the United States of America, from early colonial times until the present, to limit and suppress the trade in slaves between Africa and these shores. The study begins with the colonial period, setting forth in brief the attitude of England and, more in detail, the attitude of the planting, farming, and trading groups of colonies toward the slave-trade. It deals next with the first concerted effort against the trade and with the further action of the individual States. The important work of the Constitutional Convention follows, together with the history of the trade in that critical period which preceded the Act of 1807. The attempt to sup- press the trade from 1807 to 1830 is next recounted. A chapter then deals with the slave-trade as an international problem. Finally the development of the crises up to the Civil War is with the to the final studied, together steps leading suppression ; and a concluding chapter seeks to sum up the results of the in- vestigation. Throughout the monograph the institution of slavery and the interstate slave-trade are considered only incidentally. 2. The Rise of the English Slave-Trade. Any attempt to con- sider the attitude of the English colonies toward the African slave-trade must be prefaced by a word as to the attitude of England herself and the development of the trade in her hands. 1 1 This account is based largely on the Report of the Lords of the Com- mittee of Council, etc. (London, 1789). 2 INTRODUCTORY. [CHAP. I. Sir John Hawkins's celebrated voyage took place in 1562, 1 but probably not until 163 1 did a regular chartered company 2 undertake to carry on the trade. This company was unsuc- 3 " cessful, and was eventually succeeded by the Company of Royal Adventurers trading to Africa," chartered by Charles II. in 1662, and including the Queen Dowager and the Duke of 4 York. The company contracted to supply the West Indies with three thousand slaves annually; but contraband trade, misconduct, and war so reduced it that in 1672 it surrendered 5 its charter to another company for ^34,ooo.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Slavery in the United States - Wikipedia Page 1 of 25
    Slavery in the United States - Wikipedia Page 1 of 25 Slavery in the United States Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and African Americans, that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries. Slavery had been practiced by Americans under British rule from early colonial days, and was legal in all Thirteen Colonies at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It lasted until the end of the American Civil War. By the time of the American Revolution (1775–1783), the status of slave had been institutionalized as a racial caste associated with African ancestry.[1] When the United States Constitution was ratified (1789), a relatively small number of free people of color were among the voting citizens (male property owners).[2] During and immediately following the Revolutionary War, abolitionist laws were passed in most Northern states and a movement developed to abolish slavery. Most of these states had a higher proportion of free labor than in the South and economies based on different industries. They abolished slavery by the end of the 18th century, some with gradual systems that kept adults as slaves for two decades. However, the rapid expansion of the cotton industry in the Deep South after the invention of the cotton gin greatly increased demand for slave labor, and the An animation showing when United States territories and states Southern states continued as slave societies. Those states attempted to extend slavery into the new Western forbade or allowed slavery, 1789–1861.
    [Show full text]
  • America's Historical and Cultural Organizations
    NEH Application Cover Sheet America's Historical and Cultural Organizations PROJECT DIRECTOR Barbara C Batson E-mail:[email protected] Exhibitions Coordinator Phone(W): 804-692-3518 800 East Broad Street Phone(H): Richmond, VA 23219-8000 Fax: UNITED STATES Field of Expertise: Arts: History, Criticism, and Theory of the Arts INSTITUTION Library of Virginia Foundation Richmond, VA UNITED STATES APPLICATION INFORMATION Title: To Be Sold: Virginia and the American Slave Trade Grant Period: From 4/2014 to 5/2016 Field of Project: History: U.S. History; History: African American History Description of Project: To Be Sold: Virginia and the American Slave Trade is an exploration of the visual and material culture of the American domestic slave trade captured through the paintings and illustrations created by British artist Eyre Crowe based on his 1853 visit to Richmond's slave market. Crowe's works captured the complexities and pathos of American slavery and the internal slave trade. To Be Sold uses Crowe's works as the basis to explore Virginia's role as a mass exporter of enslaved people through the Richmond market to the Lower South and the inner workings of the market itself--the most profitable economic activity in terms of gross receipts in Virginia and possibly the nation. To Be Sold is the first exhibition to explore and examine the development of the visual and material culture of the internal slave trade. The project is comprised of a traveling exhibition (January 2015-March 2016), a one- day, two-site webcast symposium,
    [Show full text]
  • ABRAHAM LINCOLN’S WHITE DREAM (Johnson Publishing, 1999)
    GO TO MASTER INDEX OF WARFARE 1 TWO PRESIDENTS, EMBODIMENTS OF AMERICAN RACISM “Lincoln must be seen as the embodiment, not the transcendence, of the American tradition of racism.” — Lerone Bennett, Jr., FORCED INTO GLORY: ABRAHAM LINCOLN’S WHITE DREAM (Johnson Publishing, 1999) 1. “Crosseyed people look funny.” — This is the 1st known image of Lincoln, a plate that was exposed in about 1846. Lincoln had a “lazy eye,” and at that early point the Daguerreotypists had not yet learned how to pose their subjects in order to evade the problem of one eye staring off at an angle. This wasn’t just Susan B. Anthony, and Francis Ellingwood Abbot, and Abraham Lincoln, and Jean-Paul Sartre, and Galileo Galilei, and Ben Turpin and Marty Feldman. Actually, this is a very general problem, with approximately one person out of every 25 to 50 suffering from some degree of strabismus (termed crossed eyes, lazy eye, turned eye, squint, double vision, floating, wandering, wayward, drifting, truant eyes, wall eyes described as having “one eye in York and the other in Cork”). Strabismus that is congenital, or develops in infancy, can create a brain condition known as amblyopia, in which to some degree the input from an eye are ignored although it is still capable of sight — or at least privileges inputs from the other eye. An article entitled “Was Rembrandt stereoblind?,” outlining research by Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University and colleagues, was published in the September 14, 2004, issue of the _New England Journal of Medicine_. Rembrandt, a prolific painter of self-portraits, producing almost 100 if we include some 20 etchings.
    [Show full text]
  • 1315 Duke Street Alexandria , Virginia
    BUILDING AND PROPERTY HISTORY 1315 DUKE STREET ALEXANDRIA , VIRGINIA BENJAMIN A. SKOLNIK , PHD ALEXANDRIA ARCHAEOLOGY OFFICE OF HISTORIC ALEXANDRIA CITY OF ALEXANDRIA , VIRGINIA JANUARY 2021 1315 Duke Street – Building and Property History FRANKLIN AND ARMFIELD OFFICE NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK REFERENCE NUMBER : 78003146 VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF HISTORIC RESOURCES ARCHITECTURE ID 100-0105 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE SITE NUMBER : 44AX0075 Cover image: Front of "slave pen," Alexandria, Va., Russell, Andrew J., photographer, [between 1861- 1865], Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2006683273/ . See Figure 89. Office of Historic Alexandria P a g e | 2 City of Alexandria, Virginia 1315 Duke Street – Building and Property History CONTENTS SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 9 RESIDENCE (1812– 1828) ....................................................................................................................... 11 FRANKLIN & ARMFIELD (1828-1837) ............................................................................................... 20 GEORGE KEPHART & CO., ET AL. (1837-1859) .............................................................................. 53 PRICE, BIRCH, & CO. (1859-1861) ....................................................................................................... 86 MILITARY OCCUPATION DURING THE CIVIL WAR (1861-1866) ............................................. 91 BOARDING HOUSE
    [Show full text]
  • Ten Years of Political Abolitionism, the Liberty Party, 1839-1848
    THEY TOOK THE VAN1 TEN YEARS OF POLITICAL ABOLITIONISM, THE LIBERTY PARTY, 18.39-1848 A Thesis Presented to the F~culty of the School of Social Science Morehead State University In Partial }'ulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History by Doris Lynn Koch May 1969 Accepted by the faculty of.the School of Social Scienoe, Morehead State University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in History .degree. ) 'I I Director Master's Chairman ... TABLE OF CONTENTS . PAGE INTRODUCTION I I I I O I I I I I .._, .. • . .. · •·. • . 1 CHAPTER I. PETITIONING AND QUESTIONING FAI~ • • • • • • 5 II. UNITY FRml DIVISION • , , , • • , , , • • • , 17 III, EARLY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE LIBERTY PAR~Y • • 101 IV, A TRIO OF CArlDIDATES: THE ELECTION OF 1844 135 V. THE PARTY IN TRANSITION • •. , • • , , • • • . 158 . VI, THE LIBERTY PARTY IN DECLINE, , , , , • , , 181 ASSESSMENT OF THE LIBERTY PARTY , , , , , . , , , , , 213 BIBLIOGRAPHY . - . • • • .• . 220 ·- INTRODUCTION Panaticsl Disunionistsl Foolsl Such epithets were bailed at the men who from 1830 to 1860'labored tor the emancipation of the American Negro, The history of the Liberty party forms a chapter in the lengthy narrative of abolitionism, Throughout the history of civilization, men have found that by banding together and promoting their particular cause in the bounds of fellowship, their chances for success are greatly enhanced, Abolitionists did not form a coherent group until December 4, 1833, when deliberations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
    [Show full text]
  • The African Squadron of the United States ! Navy, 1843-1861: a Critical Study
    I MASTER'S THESIS M ..619 Î 1 I PFAUTZ, James Coleman ! THE AFRICAN SQUADRON OF THE UNITED STATES ! NAVY, 1843-1861: A CRITICAL STUDY. Î r The American University, M.A., 1968 I Political Science, international law and relations University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE AFRICAN SQUADRON OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY 1843-1861 A CRITICAL STUDY By James Coleman Pfautz Submitted to the Faculty of the School of International Service of The American University in P artial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Signature of Committee: Chairman Date: /sT j Dean ofthe^School AMERICAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Date: 1968 JUL181968 The American University Washington, D.C. WASHINGTON. O. C TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION . ......................................................................... 1 I I. THE WEBS TER-ASHBURTON TREATY AND ARTICLE EIGHT .............................................................. 5 III. THE AFRICAN SQUADRON.............................................................. 16 Operations of the Squadron......................................................... 16 The Issue of Health ............................................................................. 23 Squadron Equipm ent ........................................................................ 32 Squadron Leadership .............................. 7 .......................... 48 IV . THE BRITISH SQUADRON AND JOINT CR.TTISING . 67 V. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND THE SQUADRON MISSION........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Eugenics Eugenics
    “I am still at the mercy of words, though sometimes now, knowing a little of their behavior very well, I think I can influence them slightly and have even learned to beat them now and then, which they appear to enjoy.” - Dylan Thomas HDT WHAT? INDEX EUGENICS EUGENICS 1785 We who are accustomed to the present “one-drop rule” convention, whereby anyone with any black ancestry at all is categorized as “a black,” need to remind ourselves that in colonial Virginia the conventional distinction between black and white had been considered to be 1/8th black ancestry. In this year that social and legal convention was altered from 1/8th to 1/4th, which meant that in the state of Virginia in this year there would have been some enslaved individuals who were to be considered white, and over and above that there would have been free white citizens who nevertheless had noticeable African heritage. After Nat Turner’s insurrection, there would be legislation in Virginia to allow “white” citizens who had some African ancestry, if they were free (which wasn’t necessarily the case, as it was quite all right under Virginia statutes for a white person to be a slave of someone else), to obtain a document from a county court, certifying to the fact that whatever they looked like they were “not a negro.” By Thomas Jefferson’s own explication of this convention, it appears ambiguous whether he considered his sex slave Sally Hemings to be black or to be white, although, black or white, she would be nevertheless for life his slave (he would not release her from slavery, although he did honor the bargain he had made with her that some of their children would in his will be granted manumission documents).1“It is simply crazy that there should ever have come into being a world with such RACISM a sin in it, in which a man is set apart because of his color — the superficial fact about a human being.
    [Show full text]
  • The Moral and Political Economy of Northeastern Abolitionism, 1763–1833
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2019 Human Capital: The Moral and Political Economy of Northeastern Abolitionism, 1763–1833 Michael Crowder The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3025 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] HUMAN CAPITAL: THE MORAL AND POLITICAL ECONOMY OF NORTHEASTERN ABOLITIONISM, 1763-1833 by MICHAEL A. CROWDER A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2019 © 2019 MICHAEL A. CROWDER All Rights Reserved ii Human Capital: The Moral and Political Economy of Northeastern Abolitionism, 1763-1833 by Michael A. Crowder This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 1/16/2019 Date James Oakes Chair of Examining Committee 1/16/2019 Date Joel Allen Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: David Waldstreicher Richard Newman Jonathan Sassi Andrew Shankman THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract HUMAN CAPITAL: THE MORAL AND POLITICAL ECONOMY OF NORTHEASTERN ABOLITIONISM, 1763-1833 by Michael A. Crowder Advisor: James Oakes “Human Capital” explores the relationships between the moral imperatives of the antislavery movement in the New England and the mid- Atlantic, and their connections to evolving manufacturing and agricultural political economies premised on free labor regimes.
    [Show full text]
  • Princeton Seminary and Slavery: Context
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Princeton Seminary and Slavery: Context 4 The Seminary Founders and Their Involvement with Slavery 6 Slavery and the Seminary as Institution 10 Princeton Seminary, Slavery, and Colonization 15 Alumni: The Range of Opinion and Action on Slavery 28 Lessons, Implications, and Recommendations 49 Bibliography 54 Moving Forward.................................................... 58 Appendix A: Student Demographics, 1812-1865 60 Appendix B: Financial History, 1811-1861...........................................................90 Introduction When Princeton Theological Seminary was founded in 1812, it was part of a national culture and a local community that were deeply entangled in slavery. The faculty and students at Princeton Seminary in its early years through the Civil War would have encountered slavery as a familiar aspect of life. It was part of the context of their theological studies in this place. Just as they were shaped by their context, the faculty and graduates of Princeton Seminary also shaped the town of Princeton and other communities around the country where they served. As theologians and religious leaders, they spoke with moral authority about the questions of their day. But they were not of one mind about the ethical evaluation of slavery. Nor did their personal practices always align with their professions of theological conviction. The following report begins to trace the complicated story of Princeton Seminary and its relationship to slavery. From its founding aspirations, Princeton Seminary has placed high value on both rigorous scholarship and Christian faith, and a commitment to these values informs our present study of the Seminary’s history, which is both an act of faith and scholarly investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Slavery, Economic Development, and Modernization on Louisiana Sugar Plantations, 1820-1860
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1997 The uS gar Masters: Slavery, Economic Development, and Modernization on Louisiana Sugar Plantations, 1820-1860. Richard J. Follett Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Follett, Richard J., "The uS gar Masters: Slavery, Economic Development, and Modernization on Louisiana Sugar Plantations, 1820-1860." (1997). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6540. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6540 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text direct^ from the oiigmal or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter fiice; while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The qonlityr of this reprodaction is dependent upon the qnalityr of the copy subm itted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photogr^hs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversety afifect reproductiofL In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, b^inning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing fi*om left to right in equal sections with small overiaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Front Matter Title Page and Credits Preface Contents
    8/28/2020 Chapter 2: The Planting Colonies | Alexander Street Front Matter Title Page and Credits THE SUPPRESSION OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE-TRADE TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1638-1870 BY W. E. BURGHARDT Du BOIS, Ph. D. (Harv.) SOMETIME FELLOW OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR IN WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. LONDON AND BOMBAY 1896 Copyright, 1896, By the President and Fellows of Harvard College. University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U. S. A. Preface THIS monograph was begun during my residence as Rogers Memorial Fellow at Harvard University, and is based mainly upon a study of the sources, i. e., national, State, and colonial statutes, Congressional documents, reports of societies, personal narratives, etc. The collection of laws available for this research was, I think, nearly complete; on the other hand, facts and statistics bearing on the economic side of the study have been difficult to find, and my conclusions are consequently liable to modification from this source. The question of the suppression of the slave-trade is so intimately connected with the questions as to its rise, the system of American slavery, and the whole colonial policy of the eighteenth century, that it is difficult to isolate it, and at the same time to avoid superficiality on the one hand, and unscientific narrowness of view on the other. While I could not hope entirely to overcome such a difficulty, I nevertheless trust that I have succeeded in rendering this monograph a small contribution to the scientific study of slavery and the American Negro. I desire to express my obligation to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Courts of New Orleans (1835-1857)
    FREE FOR A MOMENT IN FRANCE : HOW ENSLAVED WOMEN AND GIRLS CLAIMED LIBERTY IN THE COURTS OF NEW ORLEANS (1835-1857) by Alexandra T. Havrylyshyn A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Jurisprudence and Social Policy in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Christopher Tomlins, Chair Professor Rebecca McLennan Professor Laurent Mayali Professor Dylan Penningroth Fall 2018 © 2018 by Alexandra Havrylyshyn ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Abstract Free for a Moment in France: How Enslaved Women and Girls Claimed Liberty in the Courts of New Orleans (1835-1857) by Alexandra T. Havrylyshyn Doctor of Philosophy in Jurisprudence and Social Policy University of California, Berkeley Professor Christopher Tomlins, Chair An economic institution, slavery depended on a set of laws designed to protect owners of human property (Phillips 1918, Stampp 1956, Genovese 1976). One might expect that those at the bottom of the hierarchy—enslaved women and girls of African descent— would have no hope of lawfully contesting their status. Recent literature demonstrates that there were in fact many legal pathways to freedom (Schafer 1994, Brana-Shute and Sparks 2009, Gross and De la Fuente 2013). Much research has focused on Missouri, a borderland between free and slave states, whence Dred Scott’s claim emerged (Vandervelde 2015, Twitty 2016, Kennington 2017). This project focuses not on borderlands but on the Deep South. In the city with the largest slave market in the United States (Johnson 1999, Rothman 2005), it is surprising that opportunities to contest enslavement existed at all.
    [Show full text]