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Historic Environment Review News from the NORTH YORK MOORS NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY 2010

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Historic Environment Review News from the NORTH YORK MOORS NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY 2010 historic environment review news from THE NORTH YORK MOORS NATIONAL PARK AUTHORITY 2010 CONTENTS Investigation at Boltby Scar 2 Monument Management Scheme 3 Hood Hill Castle and Roulston Scar 4 Fieldwork on Fylingdales Moor 5 John Collier/Helmsley archive update 5 Art of the ancestors 6-7 Outreach and updates 6-7 National Mapping Programme 8 This Exploited Land 9 Newgate Bank alum works 9 Reconstruction works at Low Mill 10 North York Moors, Coast and Hills LEADER Programme 11 Conservation Enhancement Grants 12 Boltby Scar excavation in progress, showing the three excavation trenches across the line of the Contacts 12 defences and the surviving Bronze Age burial mound. INTRODUCTION Welcome to the second Historic Environment Newsletter from the North York Moors National Park Authority. In this issue, we look at a range of projects from the last year including the investigation of Boltby Scar THE ARCHAEOLOGY AND promontory fort, information on the rock art of the North York Moors and HISTORY GROUPS BULLETIN a new partnership with English Heritage to assist with and improve the This bulletin has been developed to help raise management of the National Park’s most important archaeological sites. If awareness of the range of archaeological any of these articles give rise to specific questions which you would like to and historical activities being carried out by raise, please contact us via the addresses on the back page. local groups and to encourage the sharing of The North York Moors National Park contains thousands of experience, ideas and skills throughout the archaeological sites and hundreds of buildings which represent the National Park. activities of human beings from the end of the last Ice Age (c. 12,000 The next issue is in preparation for circulation this years ago) through to 20th century relics of the Cold War. The Authority’s summer and will contain a full update of all the Archaeological Conservation Officers, Graham Lee and Mags Waughman, groups’ activities and contact details. and Building Conservation Officers, Edward Freedman and Beth Davies, For further information or to receive a copy, work with a wide range of people and organisations to look after this please contact Mags Waughman via the wealth of historic remains. addresses at the end of this newsletter. NEWS UPDATE... Historic Environment Record Review Information on all the known archaeological sites and important buildings in the National Park is maintained in the form of a detailed index, known as the Historic Environment Record (HER), which contains over 20,000 records. The distribution of sites and finds can then be mapped very simply on top of the most up-to-date digital Ordnance Survey maps on the computer. A review of the current record system has recently been completed and work is now underway to upgrade and modernise the record system in order to improve its efficiency and meet modern standards. It is hoped that, in due course, this modernisation will eventually enable the HER to be accessible via the internet. If you are interested in consulting this information at present, please contact the Authority’s Archaeological Conservation Officers to arrange an appointment. INVESTIGATION AT BOLTBY SCAR The initial investigation of the Iron Age Promontory Fort at edge of the Hambleton Hills until the 6th century AD, much Boltby Scar (SE 5060 8563) took place in September 2009 as later than previously thought. Before this time, back to when the part of the Lime & Ice project. ditch was first cut, the environmental evidence suggests that the Boltby Scar is a very small promontory fort (only 1.16 hectares area was predominantly open pasture with little tree cover. This in size) which lies in an important archaeological landscape was replaced by heathland from the 6th century AD which is which has produced masses of evidence for the activities of thought to have developed due to soil deterioration, producing our prehistoric ancestors. There is a second (much larger – a more acidic environment. The most recent phase indicates actually the largest in the north of England) promontory fort at a return to grassland. The level of environmental preservation Roulston Scar, 4 km to the south, apparently linked to Boltby and survival encountered within the ditch deposits was quite by the construction of a linear earthwork boundary known unanticipated, but the rapid rate at which the organic fills in as the Cleave Dyke, as well as large numbers of earlier burial the top of the ditch decayed on exposure to the atmosphere monuments (round emphasized barrows) from the the fragility of Bronze Age. environmental archaeological Promontory forts evidence in the are a type of hillfort context of climate in which strong change. natural features – particularly Despite the promontories of survival of such higher ground – good environmental are adapted for evidence in the defence by the upper fill of the ditch, construction of the number of finds earth or stone recovered from the ramparts and ditch sections was ditches to cut negligible. Finds of them off from pottery were limited the surrounding Ditch section showing the richly organic deposits (looking like layers of chocolate) in the upper fill of the to three insubstantial ditch, covered with spoil from when the site was bulldozed in 1961. landscape. In the sherds which, case of Boltby Scar, this has been built where a westwards although characteristic of the Late Bronze / Early Iron Age, have bulge in the edge of the Hambleton Hills escarpment coincides none of the distinguishing features that confirm or enhance this with an area of higher ground. It was cut off by a single ditch provisional dating. (originally up to c.1.6m deep) with an internal turf and earth The excavation was largely carried out by volunteers under rampart c.4.3m wide at the base. professional supervision and although the excavation attracted The excavation, directed by Professor Dominic Powlesland fewer volunteers than was expected, the volunteers who did of the Landscape Research Centre, quickly proved that the attend became completely hooked on the experience and many defences of the fort had been badly damaged, and in large stayed for most of the dig, despite only having signed up initially areas completely truncated, when the surrounding area of for 2-3 days. moorland was brought into cultivation in 1961. Although the It is hoped that a second phase of excavation will be possible remains at the escarpment edge survived, this resulted in the in 2011, both to further investigate the fort at Boltby Scar but above ground remains of just over half the area of the fort also to attempt to relate it to the surrounding landscape, namely being deliberately levelled. In some areas it seems likely that the the second fort at Roulston Scar as well as the Cleave Dyke. previous ground surface within the fort was reduced by as much The Lime & Ice project is concerned with the important as 25cms although – remarkably – adjacent to the surviving limestone geology, and the impact of glaciation, on the south- round barrow mound within the monument a small area of the western area of the North York Moors National Park and the base of the turf rampart and interior surfaces survived. northern part of the Howardian Hills Area of Outstanding The upper half of the fort ditch was found to be filled with Natural Beauty (AONB). It is seeking to involve local communi- a gradually desiccating sequence of very rich environmental ties and visitors in celebrating the distinctive landscape heritage deposits which are now known, from analysis and radiocarbon of the area by creating opportunities for access and enjoyment. dating, to span the period from the 6th century AD until the The project is led by the National Park Authority, in partnership present day. This information indicates that peat formation / with the Howardian Hills AONB, English Heritage, the Forestry heathland development did not start to occur on the western Commission, Natural England and the Heritage Lottery Fund. 2 NEW: THE MONUMENT MANAGEMENT SCHEME 2009 has seen the start of a new scheme, set up in partnership between the North York Moors National Park Authority and English Heritage, to improve the management of Scheduled Monuments (nationally important archaeological sites) within the National Park. This is being accomplished by providing practical assistance to landowners to help control a wide range of management problems, including bracken and scrub growth, animal burrows and other forms of erosion. About 42% (371) of the National Park’s 839 Scheduled Monuments were indicated to be at high or medium risk in English Heritage’s Heritage at Risk statistics released in 2009. Although the percentage of sites At Risk seems to be quite large, the risk status for many sites is high simply because they have not been formally inspected in recent years, a matter complicated by the sheer number of sites within the National Park – nearly a third of all Scheduled Monuments within the Yorkshire and Humber Region lie within the North York Moors. Initial work has included a series of bracken control agreements with the National Trust and Forestry Commission. Ongoing work includes commissioning archaeological consultants to make site visits to draw up management plans for further Swarth Howe Bronze Age burial mound overgrown with gorse monuments and, more specifically, to prepare for the re-erection of the fallen Wade’s Standing Stone at East Barnby. Current phases of the Scheme include the conclusion of management agreements with landowners, together with the carrying out of ground works this summer. The National Park’s Archaeology Volunteers group have been playing their part in this process by monitoring and recording the current condition of monuments, after training last year to recognise and record potential threats.
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