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Les Premiers Stades De Vie Des Poissons Dans Le SO De Madagascar

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Les Premiers Stades De Vie Des Poissons Dans Le SO De Madagascar Les premiers stades de vie des poissons dans le SO de Madagascar : éléments pour une meilleure connaissance de la biodiversité et une meilleure gestion des ressources exploitées Henitsoa Jaonalison To cite this version: Henitsoa Jaonalison. Les premiers stades de vie des poissons dans le SO de Madagascar : éléments pour une meilleure connaissance de la biodiversité et une meilleure gestion des ressources exploitées. Biologie animale. Université de la Réunion; Institut halieutique et des sciences marines (Tuléar, Madagascar), 2019. Français. NNT : 2019LARE0030. tel-02934727 HAL Id: tel-02934727 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02934727 Submitted on 9 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE en co-tutelle UNIVERSITE DE LA REUNION, FRANCE & UNIVERSITE DE TOLIARA, MADAGASCAR pour l’obtention du Titre de Docteur en biologie des populations de l’Université de La Réunion Ecole doctorale sciences, technologies et santé & du Titre de Docteur en Océanologie Appliquée de l’Université de Toliara Ecole doctorale Sciences Marines et Halieutiques Les premiers stades de vie des poissons dans le SO de Madagascar : éléments pour une meilleure connaissance de la biodiversité et une meilleure gestion des ressources exploitées Présenté par : Henitsoa Jaonalison Sous la co-direction de : Dominique Ponton (IRD) Jamal Mahafina (IH.SM) Soutenue le 28 novembre 2019, devant un jury composé de : Président : Théodore RAZAKAMANANA Professeur Titulaire de CE, Faculté des Sciences Université de Toliara Directeur de Thèse : Dominique PONTON Directeur de Recherche à l’IRD Co-Directeur de thèse : Jamal MAHAFINA Maître de Conférences, Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines Rapporteur interne : Eulalie RANAIVOSON Professeur Titulaire, Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines Rapporteur externe : Bruno FREDERICH Maitre de Conférences HdR, Université de Liège, Belgique. Examinateur : Laure CARASSOU Chargée de Recherche, IRSTEA, Bordeaux, France. Examinateur : Christian RALIJAONA Maître de Conférences, Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines. I REMERCIEMENT La réussite d’une thèse est le fruit de la contribution de plusieurs personnes et entités. C’est avec une grande sincérité que j’adresse mes plus vifs remerciements et toute ma gratitude envers tous ceux que j’ai croisé le long de ces quatre années de thèse entre Madagascar, La Réunion, France, et Vietnam. Je tiens tout d’abord à adresser mes plus sincères remerciements à mes directeurs de thèse. Dr Dominique PONTON, il me manque le mot pour te remercier. Tu as été plus qu’un encadrant, tu n’as pas compté ton temps, même les week-ends ou jours fériés, pour m’accorder ton soutien sans faille et m’épauler dans les dures épreuves que j’ai vécu au cours de cette thèse. Tes judicieux conseils aussi bien scientifiques que personnels m’ont été d’une grande aide le long de ces quatre années. Tes pertinentes remarques et ta relecture méticuleuse de chacun des chapitres m'ont sans aucun doute permis de préciser mon propos. Merci du fond du cœur pour ta patience, ton écoute, ta disponibilité, et surtout ta réactivité. Dr Jamal MAHAFINA qui m’a non seulement initié à la recherche en tant qu’encadrant lors de mon DEA, mais également m’a encouragé pour que je continue jusqu’au bout cette passionnante recherche dont cette thèse en est l’aboutissement. De plus, malgré ses lourdes occupations, il s’est toujours montré disponible pour me prodiguer ses nombreux conseils de qualité, et m’apporter son aide pour le bon déroulement de cette thèse. J’adresse également mes remerciements : au directeur de l’école doctorale de l’Université de Toliara, qui est aussi le Président du jury, et de l’Université de La Réunion, ainsi qu’aux présidents de ces deux Universités pour avoir donné leurs avis favorables pour que je m’y inscrive et que cette thèse soit en co-tutelle ; et aux membres de mon comité de thèse composé de Dr Marc LEOPOLD, Pr Eulalie RANAIVOSON, Dr Jean-Dominique DURAND, Dr Hervé DEMARCQ, et mes directeurs de thèse pour leurs remarques et leurs suggestions qui m’ont permis de bien construire ce projet. Je tiens également à remercier les membres du jury composé du Pr Théodore RAZAKAMANANA comme président du Jury, du Pr Eulalie RANAIVOSON et du Dr Bruno FREDERICH comme rapporteurs, des Dr Christian RALIJAONA et Dr Laure CARASSOU comme examinateurs, pour leurs disponibilités et conseils avisés dans le but d’améliorer la qualité de ce travail. Je tiens à remercier les laboratoires et les équipes de recherche qui m’ont accueilli au cours de ma thèse. Merci au Dr Jean-Dominique DURAND, qui en plus de la qualité de ses remarques I sur mon manuscrit de thèse, m’a gentiment accueilli et m’a beaucoup appris sur le barcoding ADN dans son laboratoire à l’IRD Vietnam. Merci au Dr Hervé DEMARCQ, de m’avoir formé à l’extraction et l’analyse des données satellitaires dans son laboratoire à Sète. Je remercie aussi l’université de Perpignan de m’avoir accueilli pendant cinq mois pour une partie de mes analyses de données et l’Université de Montpellier pour avoir organisé un séminaire volant me permettant de partager une partie de mes résultats. Je tiens également à remercier la société OCEA Consult’ pour l’attribution des pièges lumineux qui sont des matériaux cruciaux pour la réalisation de cette recherche, et à l’équipe du CEMEB pour s’être investi sur l’extraction et séquençage de l’ADN de mes échantillons. Je tiens aussi à remercier du fond du cœur tous les enseignants ainsi que l’ensemble du personnel administratif et technique de l’IH.SM, pour leur coopération et soutien le long de cette thèse. Ce travail n’aurait pas vu le jour sans l’aide précieuse des personnes qui m’ont aidée sur le terrain et au laboratoire. Merci aux assistants de terrain, Jean Jacques, Duphrehno, et Romario Tsipy, ainsi que les pêcheurs qui ont collaboré avec nous pour leur bravoure et patience malgré les conditions rencontrées sur le terrain. Je vous dois beaucoup. Mes sincères reconnaissances à l’équipe de JEAI-ACOM et certains étudiants de l’IH.SM, en particulier Radonirina Lebely BOTOSOAMANANTO, Helga RAVELOHASINA, Richard ANDRIAMANJATO, Rina RAHARINAIVO, et José RANDRIANANDRASANA pour leurs précieuses aides sous- marines, et Le Don AINA pour son aide pour cartographier les zones de pêche échantillonnées. Merci aux pilotes de l’IH.SM, Noelson et Tovondrainy, qui ont assuré la navigation que ce soit dans les bonnes ou mauvaises conditions, ce qui ne les empêchent pas de rester toujours de bonne humeur. Je suis entièrement reconnaissant envers ma famille, notamment mes parents. Si je suis arrivé à ce stade, c’est grâce à eux qui m’ont épaulé pendant ces longues années d’études. Je vous remercie infiniment pour votre soutien et surtout votre patience malgré les difficultés que nous avons rencontré. Ce travail n'aurait pu être mené à bien sans l'aide financière et matérielle de: l’IRD via le programme d’Allocation de Recherche pour une Thèse au Sud (ARTS) et la Jeune Equipe Associée à l’IRD (JEAI-ACOM), du WIOMSA via les programmes MARG II et MARG III, du Critical Ecosystem and Partnership Funds (CEPF) via le projet de formation des conversationnistes marins (MG 64 341), et de la Rufford Foundation (2ac29a-1). II POLE RECHERCHE Ecoles Doctorales LETTRE D’ENGAGEMENT DE NON-PLAGIAT Je, soussigné Henitsoa Jaonalison, en ma qualité de doctorant de l’Université de La Réunion, déclare être conscient que le plagiat est un acte délictueux passible de sanctions disciplinaires. Aussi, dans le respect de la propriété intellectuelle et du droit d’auteur, je m’engage à systématiquement citer mes sources, quelle qu’en soit la forme (textes, images, audiovisuel, internet), dans le cadre de la rédaction de ma thèse et de toute autre production scientifique, sachant que l’établissement est susceptible de soumettre le texte de ma thèse à un logiciel anti-plagiat. Fait à Toliara, le 28 octobre 2019. Signature : Extrait du Règlement intérieur de l'Université de La Réunion (Validé par le Conseil d’Administration en date du 11 décembre 2014) Article 9. Protection de la propriété intellectuelle – Faux et usage de faux, contrefaçon, plagiat L’utilisation des ressources informatiques de l’Université implique le respect de ses droits de propriété intellectuelle ainsi que ceux de ses partenaires et plus généralement, de tous tiers titulaires de tels droits. En conséquence, chaque utilisateur doit : - utiliser les logiciels dans les conditions de licences souscrites ; - ne pas reproduire, copier, diffuser, modifier ou utiliser des logiciels, bases de données, pages Web, textes, images, photographies ou autres créations protégées par le droit d’auteur ou un droit privatif, sans avoir obtenu préalablement l’autorisation des titulaires de ces droits. La contrefaçon et le faux Conformément aux dispositions du code de la propriété intellectuelle, toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle d’une œuvre de l’esprit faite sans le consentement de son auteur est illicite et constitue un délit pénal. L’article 444-1 du code pénal dispose : « Constitue un faux toute altération frauduleuse de la vérité, de nature à causer un préjudice et accomplie par quelque moyen que ce soit, dans un écrit ou tout autre support d’expression de la pensée qui a pour objet ou qui peut avoir pour effet d’établir la preuve d’un droit ou d’un fait ayant des conséquences juridiques ».
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