DOCSLIB.ORG

Exploitation of Coral Reef Fishes for the Marine Aquarium Trade in Kenya: a Preliminary Assessment - Final Technical Report Contract 19/2004

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exploitation of Coral Reef Fishes for the Marine Aquarium Trade in Kenya: a Preliminary Assessment - Final Technical Report Contract 19/2004 Exploitation of Coral Reef Fishes For the Marine Aquarium Trade in Kenya: a Preliminary Assessment - Final Technical Report Contract 19/2004 Item Type Report Authors Okemwa, G.M.; Fulanda, B.; Ochiewo, J.; Kimani, E.N. Publisher Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI) Download date 24/09/2021 06:45:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/8990 Exploitation of Coral Reef Fishes For the Marine Aquarium Trade in Kenya: A Preliminary Assessment FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT CONTRACT 19/2004 Principal Investigator: G. M. Okemwa Co-investigators: B. Fulanda, J. Ochiewo and E. N. Kimani Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa Kenya September 2006 Okemwa G. M. et al. (2006) Exploitation of Coral Reef Fishes for the Marine Aquarium Trade in Kenya Table of Contents 1.0 BACKGROUND - 4 - 2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS - 6 - 3.0 RESULTS - 10 - 3.1 Trade Links and Dynamics of the Supply Network - 10 - 3.2 Monitoring and Regulation of the Trade - 10 - 3.3 Harvest and Handling Methods Used - 11 - 3.4 Packaging and Transportation - 12 - 3.5 Key Collection Sites - 14 - 3.6 Export Markets - 14 - 3.7 Species Harvested - 16 - 3.8 Catch and Effort Trends in the Shimoni Area - 18 - 3.6 Post Harvest Mortality of Fish - 20 - 3.9 Impacts of Aquarium Fish Collection in the Shimoni Area - 21 - 4.0 Socioeconomic Dynamics of the Aquarium Industry in Kenya - 24 - 5.0 DISCUSSION - 27 - 5.1 Constraints and Limitations of the Study - 32 - 5.2 Recommendations - 33 - 6.0 REFERENCES - 36 - LIST OF FIGURES: Figure 1. Map of Kenya coast showing key collection sites .............................. - 9 - Figure 2. Monthly trends in the volume of fish exported from Kenya ................- 15 - Figure 3. Temporal trends from the Shimoni area .........................................- 19 - Figure 4. Mortality of fish landed from Shimoni ............................................- 20 - - 1 - Okemwa G. M. et al. (2006) Exploitation of Coral Reef Fishes for the Marine Aquarium Trade in Kenya Figure 5. A) Differences in fish abundance of target aquarium fish between unfished and fished sites in Shimoni; B) Differences in species diversity of target fish between fished and unfished areas in Shimoni..............................- 22 - Figure 6. Fish abundance of target species between unfished and fished sites ...- 23 - Figure 7. Age frequency distribution of aquarium fish collectors.......................- 25 - LIST OF PLATES Plate 1. Divers fishing at Shimoni..............................................................- 12 - Plate 2. Loading of fish for transportation to holding aquaria.........................- 12 - LIST OF TABLES: Table 1. Export Destinations for Marine Aquarium Fish From Kenya .................- 15 - Table 2. Species distribution by percentage of the top 20 species harvested from Shimoni (Mar 2004 – Apr 2005) ...............................................- 17 - Table 3. The top 5 species most harvested grouped by family from Shimoni ....- 18 - Table 4. Summary of the catch dynamics of marine aquarium fish collection at Shimoni (March 2004 - Apr 2005................................................- 19 - Table 5. Single-classification ANOVA comparing variance in benthic cover in unfished and fished sites in Shimoni ........................................................- 24 - Table 6. Socioeconomic Characteristics of Aquarium Fish Collectors .................- 25 - Table 7. Pearson Rank Correlations ............................................................- 26 - - 2 - Okemwa G. M. et al. (2006) Exploitation of Coral Reef Fishes for the Marine Aquarium Trade in Kenya ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We graciously thank WIOMSA-MARG 1 for financial support. We also thank Kenya Tropical Sea Life, and Kenya Airways - Cargo Section, Moi International Airport Mombasa for the data provided. Logistic support was provided by the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kenya Wildlife Services, and the Department of Fisheries. We particularly thank Ms. Janet Kaleha, Kisite Marine National Park Warden, Mr. Ali Musin, Kwale District Fisheries Officer; Mr L. Thairu (Fisheries Department), Mr. C. Muthama (KMFRI) for technical assistance during the course of the study. Finally, we thank the unnamed fish collectors for sparing their time us. - 3 - Okemwa G. M. et al. (2006) Exploitation of Coral Reef Fishes for the Marine Aquarium Trade in Kenya Abstract Kenya ranks among the top exporting countries in the marine aquarium trade within the Western Indian Ocean region. However the industry has received limited attention by way of research and monitoring despite being established in the mid 1970’s. Over time, there have been increased concerns about the environmental impacts of aquarium fish collection in Kenya resulting in resource use conflicts. A survey was conducted in 2005 with the aim of providing baseline quantitative information on the dynamics of the fishery. The survey evaluated trends in the harvest and export of marine ornamental fish in order to better understand the dynamics of the industry using available government statistics, logbook returns from a leading export company and airfreight data. Trends in key species harvested in Shimoni, their mortality rates and the catch per unit effort of fish collectors was further assessed. To assess impacts of fish collection in Shimoni, a rapid underwater fish census was conducted comparing fished and protected sites. Key findings of the study include the first time estimation of approximately 192 fish species that are harvested and exported from Kenya. Approximately 70% of the fish harvested from Shimoni during March 2004 to April 2005 belonged to 4 families namely Pomacentridae-damselfish, Labridae - wrasses, Acanthuridae- surgeonfish and Gobiidae-gobies. Ten species made up 58% of the catch, with the most harvested species for the trade being the anemonefish Amphiprion allardi (10%) and the angelfish Centropyge acanthops (9%). The aquarium fish collectors landed an average of 24 - 33 fish/ man/day. However differences were observed between divers and snorkellers. Results of the underwater census revealed differences in fish density, species richness and habitat characteristics between fished and protected sites, with fished sites having an overall higher density and abundance of target fish species and higher algal abundance. Among the key recommendations from the survey is the need to strengthen monitoring, to improve current regulatory mechanisms, and to promote strong stakeholder involvement in management of the fishery. Key Words: Kenya – Shimoni - marine aquarium reef fish – fisheries management – harvest trends - collection impacts - species diversity 1.0 BACKGROUND Ornamental marine species (corals, invertebrates and fish) are the highest value-added product that can be harvested from coral reefs and are an important source of income for many rural, coastal communities in developing countries (Lem, 2001). Globally, the marine ornamental fish trade began in the 1930’s but became firmly established in the 1950’s on a commercial scale, and further expanded into a multimillion industry in the 1970’s, with fisheries operating all around the tropical world (Moore and Best, 2001). The trade in aquarium fishes (including freshwater fish) is now a major industry involving approximately 350 million fish annually with a value of $963 million (Tissot & Hallacher 2003). Between 1.5 and 2 million people worldwide are believed to keep marine aquaria (Moore & Best, 2001). The marine fish account for about 10 to 20% of the global aquarium trade with a total of 1,471 species of fish being traded. (Andrews 1990; Wabnitz, 2003) and has an import - 4 - Okemwa G. M. et al. (2006) Exploitation of Coral Reef Fishes for the Marine Aquarium Trade in Kenya value ranging between $28 - 44 million USD. The largest demand (99%) for ornamental fish is from home hobbyists, and the remaining 1% is from public aquaria and research institutes. The trade involves over 40 countries in the supply market with 85% of the organisms being exported from the Philippines and Indonesia and the remaining 15% being obtained mainly from the Pacific Island countries, Hawaii, the Caribbean, Florida, the Red Sea, Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean Island countries, and East Africa (Baquero 1999; Wood 2001). The three major destinations include North America, Europe, and Southeast Asia. Within the Western Indian Ocean, Kenya ranks first among countries that include Mauritius, South Africa, Madagascar, Tanzania and Reunion respectively. On a global scale, Wood (2001) ranked Kenya’s aquarium fishery as medium in size involving the collection of 50,000 – 200,000 individuals. There have been increased concerns in Kenya on the potential impacts of intensive collection of fish on the exploited populations and their associated habitats which has generated localized user conflicts between aquarium fish collectors and other stakeholders (mainly artisanal fishers, dive-tourism operators and environmentalists). Despite being established in the early 1970’s, it was notable that the marine aquarium industry in Kenya has received limited attention by way of research and monitoring. As a result, there is a lack of quantitative and qualitative data available to verify the impacts of exploitation and the overall status of the export trade which is critical in guiding the Kenya government not only to mitigate these concerns but also to improve the overall management of the fishery so as to ensure long term sustainability. The need to institute research
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Coral Reef Monitoring in Kofiau and Boo Islands Marine Protected Area, Raja Ampat, West Papua. 2009—2011
    August 2012 Indo-Pacific Division Indonesia Report No 6/12 Coral Reef Monitoring in Kofiau and Boo Islands Marine Protected Area, Raja Ampat, West Papua. 2009—2011 Report Compiled By: Purwanto, Muhajir, Joanne Wilson, Rizya Ardiwijaya, and Sangeeta Mangubhai August 2012 Indo-Pacific Division Indonesia Report No 6/12 Coral Reef Monitoring in Kofiau and Boo Islands Marine Protected Area, Raja Ampat, West Papua. 2009—2011 Report Compiled By: Purwanto, Muhajir, Joanne Wilson, Rizya Ardiwijaya, and Sangeeta Mangubhai Published by: TheNatureConservancy,Indo-PacificDivision Purwanto:TheNatureConservancy,IndonesiaMarineProgram,Jl.Pengembak2,Sanur,Bali, Indonesia.Email: [email protected] Muhajir: TheNatureConservancy,IndonesiaMarineProgram,Jl.Pengembak2,Sanur,Bali, Indonesia.Email: [email protected] JoanneWilson: TheNatureConservancy,IndonesiaMarineProgram,Jl.Pengembak2,Sanur,Bali, Indonesia. RizyaArdiwijaya:TheNatureConservancy,IndonesiaMarineProgram,Jl.Pengembak2,Sanur, Bali,Indonesia.Email: [email protected] SangeetaMangubhai: TheNatureConservancy,IndonesiaMarineProgram,Jl.Pengembak2, Sanur,Bali,Indonesia.Email: [email protected] Suggested Citation: Purwanto,Muhajir,Wilson,J.,Ardiwijaya,R.,Mangubhai,S.2012.CoralReefMonitoringinKofiau andBooIslandsMarineProtectedArea,RajaAmpat,WestPapua.2009-2011.TheNature Conservancy,Indo-PacificDivision,Indonesia.ReportN,6/12.50pp. © 2012012012201 222 The Nature Conservancy AllRightsReserved.Reproductionforanypurposeisprohibitedwithoutpriorpermission. AllmapsdesignedandcreatedbyMuhajir. CoverPhoto:
    [Show full text]
  • SHORT COMMUNICATION Rapid Visual Assessment of Fish
    Western Indian Ocean J. Mar. Sci. Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 115 - 134, 2010 © 2010 WIOMSA SHORT COMMUNICATION Rapid Visual Assessment of Fish Communities on Selected Reefs in the Bazaruto Archipelago Jade Q. Maggs1, Camilla Floros1, Marcos A.M. Pereira2 and Michael H. Schleyer1 1Oceanographic Research Institute, P.O. Box 10712, Marine Parade, 4056 South Africa; 2Associação para Investigação Costeira e Marinha (AICM), P.O. Box 2046, Maputo, Mozambique. Keywords: Bazaruto Archipelago, Mozambique, ichthyofauna, fish surveys, underwater visual census, coral reefs. Abstract— Rapid visual censuses were conducted of fish on eight coral reefs in the Bazaruto Archipelago, Mozambique, in 2007. SCUBA and snorkelling were used for the censuses in depths between 1-20 m, yielding an inventory of 249 fish species belonging to 50 families. This is intended to serve as a baseline for more detailed studies and monitoring programmes in the future. Although fewer species were recorded relative to other studies conducted in the Western Indian Ocean, the trophic structure on Bazaruto’s reefs proved typical for the region, indicating a relative measure of reef health. However, other regional studies were not directly comparable, differing in habitat, duration of sampling effort and methodology. This highlighted the need for a long-term monitoring programme specifically adapted for the Bazaruto reef types to provide a basis for their sound management and conservation. INTRODUCTION Mozambique in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). The seas around the The Bazaruto Archipelago consists archipelago are rich in marine life of five islands and is located and provide an important source approximately 20 km off the coast of of protein to the local community Corresponding Author: JQM E-mail: [email protected] 116 J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolutionary Enigma of the Pygmy Angelfishes from the Centropyge
    1 1 Original Article 2 After continents divide: comparative phylogeography of reef fishes from the Red 3 Sea and Indian Ocean 4 Joseph D. DiBattista1*, Michael L. Berumen2,3, Michelle R. Gaither4, Luiz A. 5 Rocha4, Jeff A. Eble5, J. Howard Choat6, Matthew T. Craig7, Derek J. Skillings1 6 and Brian W. Bowen1 7 1Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, Kāne‘ohe, HI 96744, USA, 2Red Sea 8 Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 9 Saudi Arabia, 3 Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 10 Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA, 4Section of Ichthyology, California Academy of 11 Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA, 5Department of Biology, University of 12 West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA, 6School of Marine and Tropical 13 Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia, 7Department 14 of Marine Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of San Diego, San 15 Diego, CA 92110, USA 16 17 *Correspondence: Joseph D. DiBattista, Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. 18 Box 1346, Kāne‘ohe, HI 96744, USA. 19 E-mail: [email protected] 2 20 Running header: Phylogeography of Red Sea reef fishes 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 ABSTRACT 33 Aim The Red Sea is a biodiversity hotspot characterized by unique marine fauna 34 and high endemism. This sea began forming approximately 24 million years ago 35 with the separation of the African and Arabian plates, and has been characterized 36 by periods of desiccation, hypersalinity and intermittent connection to the Indian 3 37 Ocean. We aim to evaluate the impact of these events on the genetic architecture 38 of the Red Sea reef fish fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Centropyge, Pomacanthidae
    Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies 22: 31-36（2020） Note Filling an empty role: first report of cleaning by pygmy angelfishes (Centropyge, Pomacanthidae) Pauline NARVAEZ*1, 2, 3 and Renato A. MORAIS1, 3 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia 2 Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia 3 College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Aus­ tralia * Corresponding author: Pauline Narvaez E­mail: [email protected] Communicated by Frederic Sinniger (Associate Editor­in­Chief) Abstract Cleaner fishes remove ectoparasites, mucus and search of ectoparasites, mucus, and dead or diseased dead tissues from other ‘client’ organisms. These mutu­ tissue (Côté 2000; Côté and Soares 2011). Cleaners have alistic interactions provide benefits for the ‘clients’ and, been classified as either dedicated or facultative, depend­ on a larger scale, maintain healthy reef ecosystems. Here, ing on their degree of reliance on cleaning interactions for we report two species of angelfishes, Centropyge bicolor accessing food (Vaughan et al. 2017). While dedicated and C. tibicen, acting as cleaners of the blue tang cleaners rely almost exclusively on cleaning, facultative Paracanthurus hepatus in an aquarium. This observation ones also exploit other food sources. In total, 208 fish and is the first time that pygmy angelfishes are recorded 51 shrimp species have been reported as either dedicated cleaning in any en vironment. This novel cleaning ob­ or facultative cleaners (Vaughan et al. 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Contrasting Patterns in the Abundance of Fish Communities Targeted by Fishers on Two Coral Reefs in Southern Mozambique
    1 African Journal Of Marine Science Archimer January 2020, Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 95-107 https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2020.1731597 https://archimer.ifremer.fr https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00657/76941/ Contrasting patterns in the abundance of fish communities targeted by fishers on two coral reefs in southern Mozambique Sancelme Tonin 1, 2, 3 , Goetze J 2, 4, 5, Jaquemet S, Meekan Mg 1, 2, Flam A 6, Watts Am 6, 7, Speed Cw 1, 2 1 Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia 2 Global FinPrint Project, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia 3 Université de La Réunion, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE [Tropical Marine Ecology Laboratory], Institute of Research for Development (IRD)/French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Saint Denis, Réunion 4 Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia 5 Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA 6 Marine Megafauna Foundation, Marine Megafauna Research Center, Tofo Beach, Inhambane, Mozambique 7 Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom * Corresponding author : Tonin Sancelme, email address : [email protected] Abstract : Coastal populations of maritime countries in eastern Africa rely on fish as a primary source of protein, but baseline information on the abundance of fish communities on these coastlines is often lacking. We used baited remote underwater video stations to compare the abundance and diversity of reef fishes targeted by fishing at two sites in southern Mozambique, one at Lighthouse Reef within the Bazaruto Archipelago National Park and the other to the south at San Sebastian Reef on the San Sebastian Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • Skoglund 2014 MPA Fish Communities
    Effects of different marine protection levels on fish communities in tropical seagrass beds and coral reefs Stefan Skoglund Main supervisor: Martin Gullström Co-supervisors: Johan Eklöf, Narriman Jiddawi Department of Ecology, Environment and Botany Master’s Degree Thesis, 60 hp Marine Ecology 2014 Master’s programme in Biology (120 hp) Ht 2013-Vt 2014 ABSTRACT Overexploitation and degradation of key habitats such as seagrass meadows and coral reefs undermines the fish communities and fisheries production in tropical regions. A common way to preserve and manage ecosystem functions is to establish marine protected areas (MPAs). The protection strategies vary, but few studies have evaluated the effect of different reserve types in different habitats on fish community composition. In this study, a range of fish community variables (species richness, total biomass, mean individual fish weight and Rao’s functional diversity index) were measured and compared in two different reserve types and at two different management levels, both in shallow seagrass beds and coral reefs. The survey was made in six MPAs in Tanzania and Mozambique using visual census technique. The effect of reserve type was strong in coral reefs. No-take areas (NTAs) had higher species richness, mean individual fish weight and total biomass compared with conservation areas (CAs) and open access areas (OAAs). Furthermore, the total biomass and number of fish species were higher in private managed NTAs than in areas managed by the government. Moreover, NTAs seem to work as sanctuaries for the target fish families Acanthuridae and Scaridae, which showed higher biomasses inside NTAs compared to CAs and OAAs.
    [Show full text]
  • Reef Fishes of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West
    Check List 5(3): 587–628, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Reef fishes of the Bird’s Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia Gerald R. Allen 1 Mark V. Erdmann 2 1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum. Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program. Jl. Dr. Muwardi No. 17, Renon, Denpasar 80235 Indonesia. Abstract A checklist of shallow (to 60 m depth) reef fishes is provided for the Bird’s Head Peninsula region of West Papua, Indonesia. The area, which occupies the extreme western end of New Guinea, contains the world’s most diverse assemblage of coral reef fishes. The current checklist, which includes both historical records and recent survey results, includes 1,511 species in 451 genera and 111 families. Respective species totals for the three main coral reef areas – Raja Ampat Islands, Fakfak-Kaimana coast, and Cenderawasih Bay – are 1320, 995, and 877. In addition to its extraordinary species diversity, the region exhibits a remarkable level of endemism considering its relatively small area. A total of 26 species in 14 families are currently considered to be confined to the region. Introduction and finally a complex geologic past highlighted The region consisting of eastern Indonesia, East by shifting island arcs, oceanic plate collisions, Timor, Sabah, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and widely fluctuating sea levels (Polhemus and the Solomon Islands is the global centre of 2007). reef fish diversity (Allen 2008). Approximately 2,460 species or 60 percent of the entire reef fish The Bird’s Head Peninsula and surrounding fauna of the Indo-West Pacific inhabits this waters has attracted the attention of naturalists and region, which is commonly referred to as the scientists ever since it was first visited by Coral Triangle (CT).
    [Show full text]
  • Gilbertese and Ellice Islander Names for Fishes and Other Organisms
    Gilbertese and Ellice Islander Names for Fishes and Other Organisms PHIL S. LOBEL Museum of Comparative Zoology Har vard University Cambridge. Massachusel/s 02138 Abstract.- A compilation of 254 Gilbertese and 153 Ellice Island~r fish names is given which includes names for species from sixty families of fishes. The Gilbertese names (25) and Ellice Islander names ( 17) are also given for anatomical parts of fishes. Gilbertese names for lizards (3), marine invertebrates (95) and algae (2) are listed. The names were compiled from the literature and from interviews with Gilbertese and Ellice Islander fisherman living on Fanning Island in the Line Islands. Introduction Names used by Pacific Islanders for fishes are well known only for Hawaiians (Titcomb, 1953), Tahitians (Randall, 1973) and Palauans (Helfman and Randall, 1973). Banner and Randall (1952) and Randall (1955) have reported some Gilbertese names for invertebrates and fishes, but these were relatively few. A listing ofGilbertese names for plants and animals was compiled from the literature by Goo and Banner ( 1963), but unfortunately this work was never published. To my knowledge, no lists of Ellice Islander names have yet been published. I have compiled the common names used by the people of Fanning Atoll, Line Islands. The people are of Gilbertese and Ellice Islander descent having been brought to the Atoll within the last 50 years to work for the copra plantation. In addition, I have included previously published names to make this listing as complete as possible. I add about 200 new Gilbertese and 150 Ellice Islander names. I have not included names for terrestrial plants (see Moul 1957 for these).
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Checklist of the Fishes of Wake Atoll1
    Annotated Checklist ofthe Fishes ofWake Atoll 1 Phillip S. Lobel2 and Lisa Kerr Lobel 3 Abstract: This study documents a total of 321 fishes in 64 families occurring at Wake Atoll, a coral atoll located at 19 0 17' N, 1660 36' E. Ten fishes are listed by genus only and one by family; some of these represent undescribed species. The first published account of the fishes of Wake by Fowler and Ball in 192 5 listed 107 species in 31 families. This paper updates 54 synonyms and corrects 20 misidentifications listed in the earlier account. The most recent published account by Myers in 1999 listed 122 fishes in 33 families. Our field surveys add 143 additional species records and 22 new family records for the atoll. Zoogeo­ graphic analysis indicates that the greatest species overlap of Wake Atoll fishes occurs with the Mariana Islands. Several fish species common at Wake Atoll are on the IUCN Red List or are otherwise of concern for conservation. Fish pop­ ulations at Wake Atoll are protected by virtue of it being a U.S. military base and off limits to commercial fishing. WAKE ATOLL IS an isolated atoll in the cen­ and Strategic Defense Command. Conse­ tral Pacific (19 0 17' N, 1660 36' E): It is ap­ quentially, access has been limited due to the proximately 3 km wide by 6.5 km long and military mission, and as a result the aquatic consists of three islands with a land area of fauna of the atoll has not received thorough 2 approximately 6.5 km • Wake is separated investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Monitoring of Coral Reefs of the Main Hawaiian Islands Final
    Long-Term Monitoring of Coral Reefs of the Main Hawaiian Islands Final Report Hawaiʹi Island Monitoring Report NOAA AWARD: NA11NOS4820006 10/01/2009 – 12/31/2012 William Walsh, Stephen Cotton, Camille Barnett, Courtney Couch, Linda Preskitt, Brian Tissot, Kara Osada-D’Avella, Hawaii Coral Reef Management Grant NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program Award to State of Hawaii Department of Land & Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources Contents SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ............................................................................................... 4 CONTRIBUTORS ............................................................................................................. 8 HAWAI’I ISLAND SURVEYS ........................................................................................... 9 Benthic Monitoring Methods .............................................................................................. 9 Results .............................................................................................................................. 9 Puakō................................................................................ ... ...........................................11 Octocoral Distribution ...................................................................................................... 12 Coral Disease.................................................................................................................. 14 Methodology...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Centropomidae
    click for previous page CENTRP 1983 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FISHING AREA 51 (W. Indian Ocean) CENTROPOMIDAE Barramundis, sea perches Body elongate or oblong, compressed, dorsal profile concave at nape. Mouth large, jaws equal or with lower longer than upper; teeth small, in narrow or villiform bands on jaws and on vomer and palatines (roof of mouth), sometimes also on tongue; preopercle with a serrated posterior border or with 2 ridges; opercle with a single spine. Dorsal fin almost wholly separated into 2, with 7 or 8 stronq spines in front, followed by 1 spine and 10 to 15 soft rays; pelvic fins below pectoral fins, with a stronq spine and 5 soft rays; anal fin short, with 3 spines and 8 to 13 soft rays; caudal fin rounded. Scales usually large, ctenoid and adherent; lateral line continued onto caudal fin. Colour: usually dark grey or green above and silvery below. Medium- to large-sized bottom-living fishes occurring in coastal waters, estuaries and lagoons, in depths between about 10 and 30 m. Highly esteemed food and sport fishes taken mainly by artisanal fisheries. dorsal fins almost separate lateral line single spine continued onto tail concave - 2 - FAO Sheets CENTROPOMIDAE Fishing Area 51 SIMILAR FAMILIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Serranidae: spinous and soft parts of dorsal fin not as deeply notched; also, colour pattern distinctive and/or caudal fin truncate or weakly emarginate in some. Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae: dorsal fin not deeply notched, head profile not concave over eye and canine teeth present in some. Sciaenidae: lateral line also extends onto tail, but only 2 anal spines.
    [Show full text]
  • Training Manual Series No.15/2018
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CMFRI Digital Repository DBTR-H D Indian Council of Agricultural Research Ministry of Science and Technology Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Department of Biotechnology CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual This is a limited edition of the CMFRI Training Manual provided to participants of the “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals” organized by the Marine Biotechnology Division of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), from 2nd February 2015 - 31st March 2018. Principal Investigator Dr. P. Vijayagopal Compiled & Edited by Dr. P. Vijayagopal Dr. Reynold Peter Assisted by Aditya Prabhakar Swetha Dhamodharan P V ISBN 978-93-82263-24-1 CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Published by Dr A Gopalakrishnan Director, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute PB.No:1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi-682018, India. 2 Foreword Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Kochi along with CIFE, Mumbai and CIFA, Bhubaneswar within the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Department of Biotechnology of Government of India organized a series of training programs entitled “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals”.
    [Show full text]