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New Early Cambrian Eocrinoids from the Iberian Chains (NE Spain) and Their Role in Nonreefal Benthic Communities

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New Early Cambrian Eocrinoids from the Iberian Chains (NE Spain) and Their Role in Nonreefal Benthic Communities 0012-9402/04/030371-9 Eclogae geol. Helv. 97 (2004) 371–379 DOI 10.1007/s00015-004-1140-7 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2004 New Early Cambrian eocrinoids from the Iberian Chains (NE Spain) and their role in nonreefal benthic communities SÉBASTIEN CLAUSEN1 Key words: Echinoderms, palaeoecology, Lower Cambrian, western Gondwana margin. Mots clés: Echinodermes, paléoécologie, Cambrien inférieur, Marge occidentale du Gondwana. ABSTRACT RESUME The Early Cambrian echinoderm-sponge meadows, which colonized shallow Malgré leur large distribution dans plusieurs régions du Gondwana, les carbonate-siliciclastic platforms, have received relatively little study despite colonies à échinodermes et éponges du Cambrien inférieur qui colonisèrent les their widespread occurrence in several regions of Gondwana. Their taxa are plates-formes peu profondes en régime sédimentaire mixte demeurent rela- generally preserved disarticulated, reworked and deposited through the action tivement peu étudiées. Leur taxa sont généralement préservés désarticulés et of waves and storms. Silicified echinoderm-rich packstones from the upper- remaniés au sein de dépôts hydrodynamiques sous l’influence des vagues et most Bilbilian limestones (latest Early Cambrian in age) of the Valdemiedes tempêtes. Des packstones silicifiés à échinodermes du Bilbilien terminal (fin Formation (Iberian Chains, NE Spain) formed through growth and destruc- du Cambrien inférieur) de la Formation de Valdemiedes (Chaînes Ibériques, tion of echinoderm-sponge colonies by storm-wave action. This fauna has been Nord-Est de l’Espagne) ont été étudiés en lames minces et par dissolution à studied in thin section and after etching by acetic acid. Eocrinoid remains in- l’acide acétique. Ces bancs calcaires furent formés par la destruction répétée clude the thecal basal-ossicle of Rhopalocystis? mesonesensis n. sp. and other de colonies à éponges et échinodermes par l’action commune des vagues et indeterminate species. Echinoderm columnals, visible in thin section, are asso- tempêtes. Les restes d’éocrinoïdes extraits incluent la pièce basale de la thèque ciated with sponge spicules, trilobites, calcite- and phosphate-shelled bra- de Rhopalocystis? mesonesensis n. sp., ainsi que d’autres espèces indéter- chiopods, chancelloriid sclerites, and foraminiferans. This finding suggests that minées. Des columnales d’échinodermes sont également visibles en lames stemmed eocrinoids were already present on the western Gondwana margin at minces. Ces fossiles sont associés à des spicules d’éponges, des trilobites, des the end of the Early Cambrian. brachiopodes à valves calcaires et phosphatées, des sclérites de chancellori- ides et des foraminifères. Cette étude suggère que les échinodermes à tige étaient présents sur la marge occidentale du Gondwana dès la fin du Cam- brien inférieur. reef-building frameworks that evolved in the western Gond- 1. Introduction wana margin under a wide geodynamic extensional regime. The Lower Cambrian sedimentary record is considered to rep- Palaeogeographical reconstructions for the Early Cambrian, resent the widest distribution of carbonate platforms during based on lithological indicators of climate (Álvaro et al. 2000), the Early Palaeozoic of the western Gondwana margin. Micro- place the southward-drifting, western Gondwana margin in an bial and microbial-archaeocyathan buildups are representative arid subequatorial belt some 15–30°S, consistent with the pres- benthic communities of the Lower Cambrian rocks in western ence of extensive reefs and evaporites. Europe and northern Africa. These reef complexes are rela- By contrast, the sedimentary and palaeoecological patterns tively well known for their synsedimentary tectonic processes, of the Early Cambrian nonreefal echinoderm-sponge meadows preservation of primary textures, luxuriant growth of calcimi- reported in the same marine platforms have been relatively ig- crobes, and biodiversity based on phosphatic- and siliceous- nored because of their limited outcrop exposure, mixed (car- walled microfossils available after etching. Lower Cambrian bonate-siliciclastic) character of their substrates, and drastic di- reefal limestones developed from Morocco to the Iberian agenesis. As envisaged by Álvaro & Vennin (1997) in the Iber- Peninsula, the Montagne Noire, the Armorican Massif ian Chains (NE Spain), the ecological patterns of the non- (France), and Sardinia, recording a history of discontinuous reefal benthic communites were controlled by factors quite 1 Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, U.F.R. Sciences de la Terre, Laboratoire de Paléontologie et Paléogéographie du Paléozoïque (LP3), UMR 8014 du C.N.R.S., F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France. E-mail: Sé[email protected] Early Cambrian echinoderms 371 N Tierga 600 600 Jarque 250 km 700 Mesones Paracuellos Calatayud Mesones Ateca Alhama 700 Fig. 1. Geological setting of Daroca the Iberian Chains in the N 1 km context of the pre-Hercynian outcrops of the Iberian Peninsula (A) and geological Calamocha sketch of the Cambrian out- Middle Murero Formation 20 km Cambrian Mansilla Formation crops of the Mesones de Valdemiedes Formation Ordovician to Carboniferous Isuela-Tierga area (eastern Lower Daroca Formation Cambrian Cambrian Hu rmeda Formation Iberian chain, boxed area Precambrian Ribota Formation A B Jalon Formation in (A)) studied here (from Álvaro 1994). different from those that governed the establishment and 1996a–b, 1997). The Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary is in growth of reefs. Their taxa are rarely preserved in growth posi- the Valdemiedes Formation, the biostratigraphical chart of tion but, instead, are disarticulated, reworked and deposited which has been established on the basis of trilobite zonation as hydrodynamic pavement (transported sediment accumula- (Álvaro et al. 1993; Liñán et al. 1993). All the echinoderms tion) influenced by the action of waves and storms. Sponges analysed here were found from the limestone intercalations of bearing siliceous spicules can be studied after their extraction the Hamatolenus (H.) ibericus zone, uppermost Bilbilian from limestone intercalations by dissolving the rock in dilute (Early Cambrian; Fig. 2). acids. However, thin sections are frequently the only way to The studied limestones consist of light to medium grey, study carbonate echinoderm plates. echinoderm packstones, thinly bedded (less than 1.4 m thick), The purpose of this paper is to present a study of Early and partly bioturbated. Additional faunal elements include Cambrian echinoderms based on thin sections and descriptions trilobites, calcite- and phosphate-shelled brachiopods, chancel- of new stemmed-eocrinoid skeletal elements after etching loriid sclerites, siliceous sponge spicules, and psammo- from silicified limestones. This case study is available because sphaerids (foraminiferans). The content of silt-size fraction is of the special diagenetic conditions recorded in some lime- highly variable. Intervals without active reworking are indi- stones of the Valdemiedes Formation (Iberian Chains, NE cated by the episodic occurrence of burrows, rarity of low- Spain), whose silicification processes preserved the microstruc- angle cross-bedding structures, and presence of an encrusting ture of some echinoderm skeletons. This will allow a better un- epibenthic fauna that suggests taphonomic feedback processes derstanding of the role of echinoderms in the echinoderm- (sensu Kidwell 1991). sponge meadows that covered the Lower Cambrian mixed substrates of the western Gondwana margin. 3. Systematic palaeontology The described specimens are housed in the Museo Paleon- 2. Geological setting and stratigraphy tológico of the Zaragoza University (prefixed MPZ). The echinoderm ossicles reported here were found in the lower part of the Cambrian Valdemiedes Formation (Iberian Phylum echinodermata KLEIN 1734 Chains, NE Spain; Fig. 1). The formation (20–150 m thick) Subphylum Blastozoa SPRINKLE 1973 consists of alternating beds of green marly shales and carbon- Class Eocrinoidea JAEKEL 1918 ates (Fig. 2). The carbonate intercalations are white limestones and yellow dolostones, up to 20 cm in thickness. The lower Family Rhopalocystidae UBAGHS 1968 part of the formation contains stromatolitic limestones, where- as bioclastic limestones dominate its upper part. A lithofacies Discussion. – The Family Rhopalocystidae was erected based analysis of the Valdemiedes Formation and its palaeogeo- on the genus Rhopalocystis (type species: Rhopalocystis graphical distribution throughout the Iberian platform were destombesi UBAGHS 1963). Valid species are R. destombesi recently established (Álvaro et al. 1993; Álvaro & Vennin UBAGHS 1963, R. grandis CHAUVEL 1971, R. zagoraensis 372 S. Clausen and age difference (early Cambrian vs Tremadocian). Never- AGE LITHOL. FORMATIONS theless, the characters described in the new species share those of the basal ossicle with Rhopalocystis but none of the few Caesa- Murero eocrinoid genera known from the Cambrian. Furthermore, raugustian (50-250 m) since the material collected is incomplete, it is referred to under open generic nomenclature. As a result, it is necessary Mansilla to question the generic assignation of the new species de- middle (10-70 m) Leonian scribed herein until more material permits to improve this uncertain assignation. Valde- The nomenclature and orientation followed below is that miedes used in the latest Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (20-150 m) (Ubaghs 1968, p. S458) and in the original
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