York: the Shadow Cipher

1 You canvisitheronlineat young adultsprogram andlivesintheChicagoarea. Hamline University’s MFA inwritingforchildrenand Girls at theendofwhichwaspromisedatreasurebeyondallimagining.By York theOldYork Cipher—apuzzlelaidintotheshiningcitytheyconstructed, later, theenigmaticarchitects disappeared,leavingbehindforthepeopleofNew lines, allrunningontechnologynoonehadeverseenbefore.Fifty-sevenyears I a magnificentcity:toweringskyscrapers,dazzlingmachines,andwindingtrain t was1798whentheMorningstarrtwinsarrivedinNewYork withavisionfor YORK: THE SHADOW CIPHER SHADOW THE YORK: include the Edgar-nominated mystery include theEdgar-nominatedmystery , andtheacclaimednovels AN EDUCATOR’S GUIDE FOR CLASSROOM USE CLASSROOM FOR GUIDE EDUCATOR’S AN www.lauraruby.com among dozensofotheraccolades.Her books Play Me present dayhowever, thepuzzlehasneverbeen solved, and the greatest mystery ofthemodern solved, andthegreatestmystery world islittlemorethanatouristattraction. Tess andTheo Biedermannandtheirfriend Jaime CruzliveinaMorningstarrapartment house —untilarealestatedeveloper announces thatthecityhasagreedtosellhim the fiveremainingMorningstarrbuildings. Their likelydestructionmeanstheendofa dream long-heldbythepeopleofNewYork. And ifTess, Theo, andJaime want tosavetheirhome,they have toprovethattheOld York Cipherisreal.Which means theyhavetosolveit. Laura Ruby of booksforadults,teens, and children,including and Bone Gap and MichaelL.PrintzAward winner, Lily’s Ghosts Bad Apple , aNationalBookAward finalist . istheauthor . Sheisonthefacultyof , theBookSensePick School, MSAD 17, Maine Melissa Guerrette Oxford Elementary Oxford Elementary M.Ed., NBCT

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© Walden Media, LLC. All rights reserved. Activities for YORK: THE SHADOW CIPHER by Laura Ruby, published by Walden Pond Press, an imprint of HarperCollins. ISBN: 978-0-06-230693-7 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.10 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.5 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.3 [ Standards forChapterbyQuestions (PAGES 2-7): • • • Chapter 2 • • • Chapter 1 • • • New Year’s Eve,1855 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.1 CHAPTER BY CHAPTER QUESTIONS CHAPTER BY CHAPTER

Describe thewaysinwhich What ishappeningtoMorningstarrTower? Why hadn’t TheobuilttheMorningstarr Why didGrandpaBenleavetheOldYork What isTess’s majorconcern?Whatisher Explain whatyouunderstandabouttheOld Reread tofinddescriptionsofthemany Describe thecharacterofAva Oneal.Whois What doesitmeanthat“moststorytellers are alikeanddifferent. Biedermann twins(Tess andTheo) Tower fortheLegocontest? Cipherist Society? family’s responsetoherworry? York Cipher. from NewYork Cityasweknowittoday? similartoordifferent the settingofstory inventions oftheMorningstarrtwins.Howis she andwhatisherrelationshiptothestory? or implicationslieinthisidea? they aretheonlytrueheroes”?Whatdangers andthat believe theirsistheonlytruestory 2 , , , CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.6 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.4 ] CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2 AN EDUCATOR’S GUIDE FOR CLASSROOM USE CLASSROOM FOR GUIDE EDUCATOR’S AN

, , , • Chapter 4 • • Chapter 3 • • • •

Chapter 5 Does thedesignofamachineinfluencehow How dotheneighborsofMorningstarrTower What istherelationshipbetweenJaimeand What doyouthinkaboutthetrio’s decisionto tosolve Why isJaimeskepticalabouttrying What doesitmeanto“valueprocessover Why dopeoplesometimeshavetrouble Pinscher? respond tothenewsfromMr. StoopandMr. Mima andtheBiedermanntwins? outcomes andconsequences. tosolvetheCipher?Makealistofpotential try the OldYork Cipher? puzzle beitsownreward? product”? Howorwhywouldsolvingthe engineering? accepting scientificadvances?Advancesin well itisaccepted? • • •

How mightthemysterious letter Why doesthepastymanat Why doesTheosayGrandpaBen Cipher? outlook towardssolving the affect Theo,Tess, andJaime’s kids’ attempttosolvethe Cipher? Statue ofLibertylaughoffthe rotten humanswere”? “would neverknowhowtruly

What doesTess meanattheendofthis The Morningstarrshadalreadyharnessedsolar Explain themultiplemeaningsofword What ishappeningatTess andTheo’s Why doyouthinktheauthorinserteda Describe Cricket. changeifthereweretwo How mightthestory What isimportantaboutJaime’s lovefor Why doesthischapterbeginwithJaime’s “Everyone elseiswrong”? “Everyone chapter whenshesaystheghosttoldher, setting ofthebook? What doesthisdetailillustrateaboutthe as asource ofpowerwasrelativelyunheardof. power inthe19thcentury. Buttheuseofgas “enlighten.” Cipher? tosolvethe while thekidsareouttrying apartment buildingat354W. 73rdStreet chapter fromanewpointofviewhere? trails ofclues? superheroes? fromthirdgrade? memory 3 AN EDUCATOR’S GUIDE FOR CLASSROOM USE CLASSROOM FOR GUIDE EDUCATOR’S AN • • • Chapter 9 • Chapter 11 • • • Chapter 10 •

Why is Theo trying toconvincehimselfthathe Why isTheotrying What isTheo’s aboutseeking reservation How doyouthinkthekidsendupwith How wouldMr. andMrs. Biedermannreactif Jaime endsthechapterwiththisthought:“It Why doTess, Theo,andJaimewithholdthe What doyouthinkismakingDelancey How areTheoandTess handlingtheir doesn’t missthearchives? going? Cipherist Society?WhatisTess’s argumentfor information fromtheOldYork Puzzlerand Theresa Morningstarr’s letter? makes youthinkthis? they knewwhatthetwinswereupto?What people andciphersalike? wasaCipher.”was asifeveryone Howare the cipherists? whole truthoftheirvisittothearchives from DeBrule grumpyandclosedoff? evidence fromthetexttosupportyourideas. grandfather’s dementiadifferently?Cite

Why doesTess wanttosolvetheCipher? Jaime’s momdied andhisdadworksoverseas. Explain whyTess saystheirefforttosolvethe Why wouldLoraYoshida to beperforming How doTess, Theo,andJaimefindthethird What doyouthinkwillhappennowthatthe Does Mrs.Biedermann’s reactionaboutthe What doesTheo’s mommeanwhenshe Why doyouthinkTheohasanightmareabout chose to.Whatdoyouthink? who wasforced toleaveyouorsomeonewho Tess wondersifit’s harder tomisssomeone more thanacoincidence. Cipher seems“adorable,”asthoughitwere protest greedycorporations? clue? kids havebeencaught? or whynot? twins’ visittothearchives surpriseyou?Why expectations”? suggests, “You mightneedtomanageyour the FivePointsneighborhood? 4 AN EDUCATOR’S GUIDE FOR CLASSROOM USE CLASSROOM FOR GUIDE EDUCATOR’S AN • • • Chapter 15 • • • • Chapter 17 • • • • Chapter 16

Why isTess upsetwhenshereturnshometo Why dotheGuildmenpaysomuchattention Where isGrandpaBen?Whydoestheword What doyouthinkTess planstodonext?Why What doesitmeanforabuildingtobe What iscausingTess todoubttheirsuccess Is itpossibleforLancelottomissGrandpa Why doyouthinkMr. StoopandMr. Pinscher Why isMimasittingontheroof? What istheconcernabout354W. 73rdStreet Why wouldtherebenophotosordrawingsof find theSocietymembersatherapartment? Underway? to Tess andTheowhentheyridethe “asylum” botherTess? does sheneedMima’s keyring? be condemned? condemned? Whywould354W. 73rdStreet with theCipher? Ben? To becomfortedorsoothed? are removingartifactsfromthebuilding? holding thenextclue? Ava Oneal?

What doyouthinkisthe importanceofthe Why arethetrainsoperatingsounusually? Describe thecharacters’feelingsastheyhead Why doTess, Theo,andJaimebelievethe Who aretheGuildmen? How mightthetrainroutesandtokenshelp Mima twicementionsmenandtheir“clubs.” What isananagram? Why doesMimacalltheCipher“kooky”? Why doJaimeandTess decidetosaveMr. How couldthesealsbeimportanttofinding Why doesJaimedeclarethathelikesthebus, story of thecaterpillarturningintoamoth? story skipping stops? Why aretheygoingfasterthannormaland hopingforanswers. to theUnderway solve theCipher? might helpthem Guildmen andtheUnderway Tess, Theo, andJaimesolvetheCipher? you thinkshefeelsthisway? organizations throughhistory, andwhydo What doesMimathinkaboutmen’s Perlmutter’s placeforlast? the nextclue? even thoughhedoesn’t? 5 AN EDUCATOR’S GUIDE FOR CLASSROOM USE CLASSROOM FOR GUIDE EDUCATOR’S AN • • • Chapter 21 • • • Chapter 23 • • • Chapter 22

What scientific mystery doesTheobelievethey What scientificmystery Why wouldTheoratherseeJaime’s handinhis Do youthinkTess, Theo,andJaimeare Find outmore What isastarmap,andhowitused? Why dothekidsfinallydecidetotellUncle Where doyouthinkthetwinsmightfinda to Do youbelievetheGuildsmenaretrying Why wouldabutterflybeturningoutlights have stumbledupon? pocket thanonTess’s arm? when speakingtotheadults? making therightchoicebyhidingtruth twenty years? it onlyopenfor Tunnel. Whywas Atlantic Avenue about the Edgar whattheyhavediscovered? solarship? opinion withevidencefromthebook. harm thekidsorhelpthem?Defendyour around thecity?

Who helpsliftthemanholecoverforJaime? How doTess, Theo,andJaimefeelabout Why isUncleEdgargoingtoleaveTess, Theo, What haltedtheAtlanticAvenue Tunnel Why isTheosoattachedtohislostdictionary? What doyouthinkMr. StoopandMr. Pinscher How didGrandpaBengettheMorningstarr How wouldthemissiontosolveCipherbe Uncle Edgar’s betrayal? the suitcase? and Jaimeinthetunnelleavealonewith project? are lookingfor? himself? letter, andwhatwashisintentinmailing itto different ifGrandpaBenwerenotill? 6 AN EDUCATOR’S GUIDE FOR CLASSROOM USE CLASSROOM FOR GUIDE EDUCATOR’S AN • • • • Chapter 26 • • • • Chapter 28 • • • Chapter 27 •

Why areTess andTheo’s parentsangeredby Do youthinktheCipherwasintended Why dotheSocietymemberscontinueto Why aren’t DelanceyDeBruleorPriyaSharma In their debate about setting the cane in place, Why is354W. 73rdStreet looking“dead”? Aunt EstherwinksatTess likeshe’s inona Why doesJaimefeellikehe’s failedhisfamily? Where doesCricketgetthenecklace? How doesCricketoutsmartMr. Stoopand Why doestheauthorinsertanotherchapter Why doesCricket’s necklacecaptureTess’s specifically forthetwins? and Jaimearedoing? cover upthetruthaboutwhatTess, Theo, surprised aboutUncleEdgar’s choices? in placeinside theclock? thinking? Why?Would youhavesetthecane story. Doyouagreeordisagree withhis they wouldbelettingDarnell Slantwritetheir Jaime thinksabouthow they neededtoorelse secret. Isshe?Explainyouranswer. Why doesshegivethenecklacetoTess? Mr. Pinscher? from Cricket’s pointofviewhere? attention? their interestintheCipher?

What arethetreasuresTess andTheohadall The Biedermannsfeelcontempttowards Were theMorningstarrsingenious(Tess’s What thoughtsdoyouhaveaboutthe Is anytreasureworthcost?Doyouthink How doTess, Theo,andJaimecausethe What happenstoMr. StoopandMr. Pinscher? along? are thetreasure.” but inus,itspeople.We arethemagic.We is notinthestreetsorbuildingsofthiscity, statement abouttheCipher:“Butsolution Darnell Slant,butisthereanytruthinhis perspective)? perspective) orinconsiderate(Theo’s rectangular shadow? worthwhile? tosolvetheCipherwas the timespenttrying destruction of354W. 73rdStreet? 7 AN EDUCATOR’S GUIDE FOR CLASSROOM USE CLASSROOM FOR GUIDE EDUCATOR’S AN February 73,1861 • • • Chapter 31 • • •

What doyouimagineliesbeyondtheshadow If youwereoneofthekids,wouldhave How doesJaimeimagineSlantmightbe What troubledoesCharlesReasonsense? What letterisCharlesReasongiven?Who Who summonsCharlesReason? door? crossed thethreshold? returned totheshadowdoor?Would youhave prevented fromerectingatowerofcondos? the “them”letterwillhelp?

© Walden Media, LLC. All rights reserved. Activities for YORK: THE SHADOW CIPHER by Laura Ruby, published by Walden Pond Press, an imprint of HarperCollins. ISBN: 978-0-06-230693-7 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.3 [ Cipher herblackbox? In whatwaysisTess’s pursuittosolvetheOldYork her thisis asks, “Whatabouttheblackbox,Dad?”Hetells togarnerherfather’sand trying support,Tess restrictions herparentsareputtingontime In Chapter26,whilearguingaboutthe who hasbeentricked. the hard,coldtruth,andthatit’s else everyone box, thatwhattheythink“know”alreadyis people thinktheyhavealreadyopenedtheblack (page 187)Theydiscusstheproblemthatmany will revealthehard,coldtruthaboutworld. opening thesafewhiteboxorblackthat where thecharactermustchoosebetween In Chapter11,Tess andherdadwatchamovie The BlackBox [ of thestory? How dothesechoicesimpactyourunderstanding Why doyouthinktheauthormadethesechoices? • • • Consider thestructureofbook,specifically: Structure andCraft CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.5 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.1

Two chaptersfromCricket’s pointofview; Alternating pointsofviewbetweenTess, Historical segmentstobeginandendthe Theo, andJaime; book; 8 her blackbox. ] FOR MORE DISCUSSION MORE FOR , , CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.6 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2 AN EDUCATOR’S GUIDE FOR CLASSROOM USE CLASSROOM FOR GUIDE EDUCATOR’S AN ] , be alive?Ifso,how? Morningstarr machinesalive?CouldtheCipher Discuss whatittakesto“bealive.”Arethe mechanical spidersandladybugs,forexample. caterpillars,Rollers, Lancelot, theUnderway that functionandoperateasiftheyarealive: Yorkers isimpactedbyMorningstarrmachines Throughout thebook,wayoflifeNew What itMeanstobeAlive [ their contributions? this happens?Whatbecomes ofthesepeopleand day) whoisoftenoverlooked? Whydoyouthink (orpresent Who elsedoyouknowfrom history Agent 355 Anna Strong Cato Phillis Wheatley Harriet BeecherStowe Ida B.Wells Ada Lovelace What weretheirstories? book. Whowerethey?Theircontributions? Explore someofthefiguresmentionedinthis full ofpublishedworksbylesser-knownwriters. things, forgottenpeople.Ava Oneal’s was library out thatallthecluesseemtobeaboutforgotten right thingandwasoftenoverlooked.Jaimepoints thinking aboutElizaHamilton,whotriedtodothe hidden or forgotten. This idea occurs to Tess when Cipher A bigideaembeddedwithin Overlooked, Hidden,Forgotten [ CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2 isstoriesthathavebeenoverlookedor , , CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.7 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.8 Lydia MarieChild Lydia Paul LaurenceDunbar Frances Harper Wendell Phillips Eliza Hamilton William Waddell Charles Babbage York: TheShadow ] ]

© Walden Media, LLC. All rights reserved. Activities for YORK: THE SHADOW CIPHER by Laura Ruby, published by Walden Pond Press, an imprint of HarperCollins. ISBN: 978-0-06-230693-7 • • • • • for yourfriendstodecipher. that arepartoftheOldYork Cipher. Makecodes history. Take timetoexploresomeoftheciphers Codes andciphershavebeenusedsinceancient Cryptography

pace. (page136) spoken atafast words, bestwhen each vowelinyour Insert “AB”before Turkish Irish: (page 163) like ontheshellofaneggorinamicrodot. inside whatappearstobesomethingelse, Steganography: (pages 166and304) that correlatetothelettersofalphabet Uses assignedpositionsofdotsinsideagrid Rosicrucian CipherandPigpenCipher: a determinedciphersequence(page308) alphabet isrepresentedbyadifferentletterin substitution cipherwhereeachletterofthe Cipher Alphabet: your realmessage.(page310) message sotheyformotherwordstoconceal Anagrams: OTHER ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES ENRICHMENT OTHER 9 Scramblethelettersofyour

Hiddenmessagesonor Atranspositionor AN EDUCATOR’S GUIDE FOR CLASSROOM USE CLASSROOM FOR GUIDE EDUCATOR’S AN

such aconnectionwiththemaincharactersof their backstories.WhydoyouthinkJaimefeels superheroes Jaimedrawsormentionsandlearn a keeninterestinsuperheroes.Picksomeofthe Jaime, thegrandsonofaCubanimmigrant,has Superheroes comic art. Draw yourownrenditionsofsomeJaime’s Comics own skillwithcrosswordpuzzlesandtheirclues. “number” or“numb-er”(page284).Try your wrestling withwhetheracrosswordcluemeant (Ch. 8),andlatersheremembersGrandpaBen Tredwell“enlightening” attheSeabury House Cipher or multipleanglesonaclue.In puzzler toconsidermultipledefinitionsofwords The cluestocrosswordpuzzlesoftenrequirethe Crossword Puzzles CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.7 [ his favoritecomics? CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.1 , Tess playswiththepossiblemeaningsfor ] , CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2 York: TheShadow ,

© Walden Media, LLC. All rights reserved. Activities for YORK: THE SHADOW CIPHER by Laura Ruby, published by Walden Pond Press, an imprint of HarperCollins. ISBN: 978-0-06-230693-7 [ • [ • [ • CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.7 [ • Humanities CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.1 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.7

Learn moreaboutthecreaturesofJewish Research theroleofspies in Americanhistory. Learn moreaboutthe Compare NewYork Cityof mythology. our country? of importanttothe history cryptography What wastheCulperRing,andhow contributions. impacted lifeasweknowitwiththeir immigration andimmigrantswhohave Find andreadstoriesof was aCubanimmigrant. Jaime’s grandmother were immigrants. referenced inthisstory and historicalfigures Many oftheleaders European immigrants. The Morningstarrswere what sherepresents. Statue ofLibertyand present-day NewYork City. York: TheShadowCipher OTHER ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES ENRICHMENT OTHER 10 ] ] , , , CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.7 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.7

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another outcome. things wouldbedifferenthadtherebeen another historiceventandconsiderhow for York toexistasitdoesinthebook?Pick musthavehappeneddifferently where history What otherexamplescanyoufindinthenovel Imagine thepotentialshiftsthatmayhave What aresomeexamplesof“greatpeople” Grandpa Bengivesthetwinsmanywisdoms alternate-history thatallowsustoimagine alternate-history fact atruehistoricevent.However, York isan even thoughweknowtheTrail ofTears wasin their land.Jaimesaysit“didn’t passthough,” legislation toforce NativeAmericansfrom they refertoPresidentAndrewJacksonandhis studying theletterfromTheresaMorningstarr, example, whenTess, TheoandJaimeare real historicaleventsofourcountry. For resulted fromadifferentoutcomethanthe good andevilcancoexist? Why isitsoimportantto bemindfulthat romanticizing individuals fromthepast? Why doesGrandpaBen caution against who havealsodone“terriblethings”? we shouldn’t everforgetit.” are capableofdoingterriblethingsandthat “Grandpa Benalwaystoldusthatgreatpeople people.” with horrorsaswellwonders.Andsoare “Remember,” isfilled Grandpasaid,“history that hehadsharedwiththemaboutpeople: to ponder. Twice thetwinsrecallahardtruth happeningdifferently.history (p.125) ] ] , , CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2 (p.206) , ,

© Walden Media, LLC. All rights reserved. Activities for YORK: THE SHADOW CIPHER by Laura Ruby, published by Walden Pond Press, an imprint of HarperCollins. ISBN: 978-0-06-230693-7 from anexplosion?Howdoesimplosionwork? implosion. Howisthisformofdemolitiondifferent Research thescienceandengineeringbehind online siteorapp. an materials inthisengineeringchallengeortry derailing. You maychoose tousephysical and handlinginclinesdescentswithout that cantravelthefastest,turningsharpcorners cars andtrack.Seeifyoucanconstructthecar Experiment withbuildingyourownUnderway Engineering [ capitalize onthesolarpowerofYork? imagine bymodifyingtheirpresentformto any otherideasfortransportationyoucan Which vehiclescouldrealisticallyexist?Arethere Tramway Solar bus Starrboard Solarship Underway familiar withtoday. City inthisnoveltothetransportationweare transportation usedbythepeopleofNewYork Compare andcontrastthemodesof Transportation CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.8 OTHER ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES ENRICHMENT OTHER 11 ] AN EDUCATOR’S GUIDE FOR CLASSROOM USE CLASSROOM FOR GUIDE EDUCATOR’S AN Car withcantilevered Shark-shaped solar panels submersible Lion batteries Rollers Beetles life easierormoreefficient? examples. Whatdotheseinventionstomake life better, easier, ormoreefficient.Considerthese born ofnecessity, tomake orasaresultoftrying Morningstarr machinesandinventionsthatwere York: TheShadowCipher Invention [ make lifeeasierormoreefficient? What otherinventionswouldyoudreamupto novel? What otherexamplescanyouprovidefromthe Lancelot (automaton) Genetically-altered pets Solar-powered glass CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.1 ] showcasesallsortsof Exoball Solarship Caterpillars Digging machine Mechanical spiders/ ladybugs

© Walden Media, LLC. All rights reserved. Activities for YORK: THE SHADOW CIPHER by Laura Ruby, published by Walden Pond Press, an imprint of HarperCollins. ISBN: 978-0-06-230693-7 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.5 [ you willnotchangeyourcourseofaction. from DarnellSlant’s perspective,explainingwhy For anaddedchallenge,writeyourselfaresponse your opinionwithstrongsupportingreasons. the Morningstarrs’building.Besuretodevelop the tenantsof354W. 73rdStreetanddemolish Slant convincinghimtoforegohisplansevict the bookandwriteapersuasivelettertoDarnell Assume theperspectiveofonecharactersin Persuasive Writing CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.1 OTHER ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES ENRICHMENT OTHER 12 , , CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.1 CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.4 AN EDUCATOR’S GUIDE FOR CLASSROOM USE CLASSROOM FOR GUIDE EDUCATOR’S AN ] , times. Then,sheconsideredwhatchangesor City fromprehistorictimesthroughmodern Laura startedwithwhatwasrealaboutNewYork crafted herownsettingforthenovel.To dothis, New York books,theauthor Cityofourhistory By reimaginingsomeoftheevents imagined setting,analternateNewYork City. adventure”becauseofthe “alternate-history York: TheShadowCipher Creative Writing —World Building CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.5 [ rules ofyournewworld! Don’t forgettomakethemoperatewithinthe characters toplayinthesettingyoucreate. Explore whathappenswhenyousetyour • • • Try this: And then,makeyourchanges. is “real”aboutthetimeandplaceyouchoose. Start withasettingforyourstory. Research what You yourhandatworldbuilding,too. cantry of thesechanges. additions shewantedtoincludeandtheimpact CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.3

Evaluate andincludetheimpactofyour Consider inventions,forexample,technology Look forhiddenthings:lostbuildings, potential dangers. on theenvironment,humanchoices,and additions orchanges,includingtheimpact like solarenergy. like Rollersandexoskeletonsorenergysources Shadow Cipher Atlantic Tunnel becamepartof abandoned things,ruins.(Thisishowthe .) ] , CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.4 isreferredtoasan York: The ,