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Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from Brazil Gustavo B

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Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from Brazil Gustavo B UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL RELAÇÕES FILOGENÉTICAS ENTRE AS ESPÉCIES DE ROEDORES SUL- AMERICANOS DA TRIBO ORYZOMYINI ANALISADAS PELOS GENES CITOCROMO b E IRBP GUSTAVO BORBA DE MIRANDA Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da UFRGS como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Orientadora: Drª Margarete Suñé Mattevi Porto Alegre Junho/2007 Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no Deptº de Genética da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e financiado pelos seguintes órgãos: CNPq, G7/FINEP, FAPERGS e OEA. i AGRADECIMENTOS À Professora Drª Margarete Suñé Mattevi pela orientação, dedicação, confiança e, acima de tudo, amizade. Aos Drs. Luiz Flamarion B. de Oliveira, Alfredo Langguth, Andréa Nunes e José L. P. Cordeiro por parte da amostra utilizada neste trabalho. À Professora Drª Sidia M. Callegari-Jacques pelo auxílio nos artigos e, principalmente, nas questões estatísticas deste trabalho. À minha esposa Jaqueline, por sua paciência, companheirismo, amor e auxílio em todas as etapas deste trabalho. A todos os meus familiares, representados pelos meus pais Wilson e Salomé, por todo o apoio e carinho. Aos Drs. Marcelo Weksler e Valéria Muschner por importantes informações técnicas. Aos meus colegas da sala 107, do laboratório de Biodiversidade Animal e da Pós-Graduação: Aline Moraes, Ana Letícia, Ângela Mascali, Bianca Carvalho, Cristina Freygang, Francine Marques, Gustavo Borges, Gustavo Trainini, Hugo Bock, Martin Montes, Mônica Fontan, Rafael Dihl, Taiana Haag, Teresa Freire e Vanessa Mengue pela amizade e trocas de idéias. Ao Luciano Silva e Clênio Machado pelo companheirismo e discussões futebolísticas durante a “Hora do Café”. Aos secretários Elmo, Ellen e Lúcia Andréia pelo suporte técnico. Aos meus amigos Carlos André, Luís Henrique, Paulo, Roberto, entre tantos outros não mencionados. À família Jacobi pela grande amizade. Ao CNPq pela bolsa fornecida. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Ao laboratório de Biodiversidade Animal do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada da Universidade Luterana do Brasil. ii SUMÁRIO Agradecimentos....................................................................................................... ii Sumário.................................................................................................................... iii Lista de Figuras....................................................................................................... iv Lista de Tabelas...................................................................................................... viii RESUMO..................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................... xi Capítulo 1: INTRODUÇÃO.................................................................................. 01 1.1. O roedor Oryzomyino..................................................................................... 01 1.1.1. Classificação e história taxonômica dos Oryzomyini............................... 02 1.1.2. Gêneros e espécies.................................................................................... 05 1.1.3. Gêneros extintos....................................................................................... 24 1.2. Filogenia da tribo Oryzomyini........................................................................ 24 1.3. Filogeografia dos roedores.............................................................................. 27 CAPÍTULO 2: OBJETIVOS....................................................................................... 29 Capítulo 3: ARTIGO 1........................................................................................... 30 Capítulo 4: ARTIGO 2........................................................................................... 54 Capítulo 5: ARTIGO 3........................................................................................... 83 Capítulo 6: ARTIGO 4........................................................................................... 103 CAPÍTULO 7: DISCUSSÃO....................................................................................... 130 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.................................................................. 153 APÊNDICE.............................................................................................................. 165 iii LISTA DE FIGURAS Capítulo 1 Figura 1: Classificação atual da tribo Oryzomyini.....................................................4 Capítulo 3 Figura 1: Árvore consenso gerada a partir da análise bayesiana com seqüências do gene cyt-b. Números acima dos ramos são os valores das probabilidades posteriores. Símbolos ao lado das espécies representam suas categorias biogeográficas: Trans-Andino, zAndino, ØCis-Andino e # mais de uma categoria biogeográfica. As letras nos nodos assinalam os distintos clados.........................................................................................................51 Figura 2: Árvore consenso gerada a partir da análise bayesiana com seqüências do gene IRBP. Números acima dos ramos são os valores das probabilidades posteriores. Símbolos ao lado das espécies representam suas categorias biogeográficas: Trans-Andino, zAndino, ØCis-Andino e # mais de uma categoria biogeográfica. As letras nos nodos assinalam os distintos clados.........................................................................................................52 Figura 3: Árvore consenso gerada a partir da análise bayesiana com seqüências dos genes cyt-b e IRPB concatenadas. Números acima dos ramos são os valores das probabilidades posteriores. Símbolos ao lado das espécies representam suas categorias biogeográficas: Trans-Andino, zAndino, ØCis-Andino e # mais de uma categoria biogeográfica. As letras nos nodos assinalam os distintos clados.......................................................... 53 Capítulo 4 Figure 1: Map of collection sites (coordinates in Table 1): 1. Taim Ecological Station, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul state (RS); 2. Bagé (RS); 3. Capão do Leão, Mostardas (RS); 4. Including the localities: (4) northern Tapes Bay, Tapes (RS), (5) Porto Alegre (RS), and (6) Charqueadas (RS); 7. Including the localities: (7) Tramandaí Lagoon, Tramandaí (RS), (8) Osório (RS), (9) Riozinho (RS), (10) Sapiranga (RS), and (11) São Francisco de Paula (RS); 12. Including the localities: (12) Torres (RS), (13) Tainhas (RS), and (14) Caxias do Sul (RS); 15. Parque Nacional do Turvo, Tenente Portela (RS); 16. Costa de Dentro, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state (SC); 17. Including the locality: (17) Nonoai (RS), and (18) Concórdia (SC); 19. Parque Nacional de Iguaçu, Paraná state (PR); 20. Monte Verde, Espírito Santo state (ES); 21. Ipameri, Caldas Novas, Goiás state (GO); 22. Regalito Farm (GO); 23. Including the localities: (23) Serra da Mesa – Rio Tocantinzinho (GO), (24) Serra da Mesa – Rio Maranhão (GO), and (25) Serra da Mesa – Rio do Peixe (GO); 26. São Bento Farm, Tartarugalzinho, Amapá state (AP); 27. Surumu, Roraima state (RR); a. Rio Penitente, Chile; b. Bariloche, Argentina; c. Bahía San iv Blas, Argentina; d. Misiones, Paraguay; e. Mineros, Bolivia; and f. Teresina de Goiás, Brazil...........................................................................77 Figure 2: Strict consensus of 100 minimum-length trees resulting from parsimony analysis of cyt-b sequences of genus Oligorizomys (parsimony- informative characters = 229, tree length = 946, CI = 0.45, RI = 0.84). Exemplars analysed are those of Table 1 plus eight specimens of O. longicaudatus investigated by Palma and others (2005) in Argentina and Chile and one specimen of O. microtis collected by Patton and da Silva (1995) in Brazil. Numbers above branches and to the left of the nodes are bootstrap values; in front each branch acronyms and numbers corresponding to the locality and of the haplotype (in parenthesis). Acronyms are listed in Table 1. …………………………………………78 Figure 3: Strict consensus tree resulting from likelihood analysis of cyt-b sequences of genus Oligorizomys. Numbers above branches are bootstrap values. Acronyms are listed in Table 1. Andean biome; {Pampa biome; Cerrado biome; zAmazon biome; ♦ More than one biome…………………………………………………………………….79 Figure 4: Spatial correlogram of the genus Oligoryzomys. The axis-X represents the classes of geographical distances; axis-Y represents the values of the index of Moran (II). (**) Indicates p < .005, (*) indicates p < .05, and asterisk absence indicates no significance…………………..…………...80 Figure 5: Median joining network of cyt-b haplotypes among species of Oligoryzomys. Numbers above the branches indicate the number of the base changes between connected taxa. Acronyms are listed in Table 1. Andean biome; {Pampa biome; Cerrado biome; zAmazon biome; ♦ More than one biome…………………………………………………….81 Figure 6: 6A. Strict consensus tree resulting from likelihood analysis of IRBP sequences of genus Oligorizomys. Numbers above branches are bootstrap values. 6B. Median joining network of genus Oligoryzomys sequences (IRBP gene). Numbers above the branches indicate the number of the base changes between connected taxa. 6C. Strict consensus tree resulting from likelihood analysis of the concatenated genes (cyt-b + IRBP) sequences of Oligoryzomys. Numbers above
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