Introduction 1 'The Bright Star of the North'

Notes

Introduction 1. Quoted in Jenny Wormald, ‘James VI and I: Two Kings or One?’ History (1983) pp. 190–1. 2. Edward Hyde earl of Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England ed. D. W. Macray (Oxford 1888) vol. 1, pp. 3–4. 3. D. Harris Willson, King James VI and I (London 1956) pp. 424–5. 4. Jenny Wormald, ‘James VI and I, Basilikon Doron and The Trew Law of Free Monarchies: The Scottish Context and English Translation’, in The Men- tal World of the Jacobean Court ed. L. L. Peck (Cambridge 1991) pp. 36–54. 5. John Morrill, ‘The fashioning of Britain’, in Conquest and Union: Fashion- ing a British State ed. Steven G. Ellis and Sarah Barber (London 1995) pp. 8–39.

1 ‘The Bright Star of the North’ 1. Bergeron, Royal Family, Royal Lovers: King James of England and Scotland (Columbia and London 1991), p. 1. 2. Jenny Wormald, ‘Tis True I am a Cradle King’, in The Reign of James VI ed. Julian Goodare and Michael Lynch (East Linton 2000). 3. Maurice Lee, Great Britain’s Solomon: James VI and I in His Three Kingdoms (Urbana and Chicago 1990) p. 32. 4. Michael Lynch, Scotland: A New History (Edinburgh 1991) p. 221. 5. Calendar of State Papers, Scotland vol. 5, pp. 180–1. 6. The ‘Castalian band’ of James’s 1598 sonnet probably referred to the Nine Muses. P. Bawcutt, Scottish Historical Review (2001) pp. 254–9. 7. D. H. Willson, King James VI and I (London 1956) p. 36. Calendar of State Papers Relating to the Affairs of the Borders of England and Scotland vol 1 p.82 8. For the poem and cryptogram, Caroline Bingham, James VI of Scotland (London 1979) pp. 64–5, 191–2. 9. Alan R. MacDonald, The Jacobean Kirk, 1567–1625 (Aldershot 1998) pp. 22–3. 10. Julian Goodare, State and Society in Early Modern Scotland (Oxford 1999) p. 193.

188 Notes 189

11. Lee, Great Britain’s Solomon p. 57. 12. HMC Salisbury vol. 3, pp. 59–61. 13. Conyers Read, Mr Secretary Walsingham and the Policy of Queen Elizabeth (New York 1978) vol. 2, pp. 202–25. 14. G. P. V. Akrigg, Letters of King James VI and I (Berkeley and Los Angeles) p. 82. 15. BL Cotton MS Julius F vi. f.76v. 16. Julian Goodare, ‘James VI’s English Subsidy’, in The Reign of James VI ed. Goodare and Lynch. 17. Akrigg, Letters p. 88. 18. J. H. Burns, The True Law of Kingship: Concepts of Monarchy in Early Modern Scot- land (Oxford 1996) pp. 258–60. 19. Alan F. Westcott, New Poems by James I of England (New York 1966) pp. 2, 26. 20. Ibid., pp. 124–6. 21. Akrigg, Letters p. 215. 22. Daemonologie (1597) p. 81. 23. Akrigg Letters p. 220. 24. Jenny Wormald, ‘Ecclesiastical Vitriol: The Kirk, the Puritans and the Future King’, in Reign of Elizabeth I: Court and Culture in the Last Decade ed. John Guy (Cambridge 1995) p. 177. 25. MacDonald, Jacobean Kirk, 1567–1625 p. 64. 26. Johann P. Sommerville, King James VI and I: Political Writings (Cambridge 1994) p. 26 27. CSP Scottish, 1571–1603 vol. 13 pt 1, p. 243. 28. Macdonald Jacobean Kirk p. 85. 29. Sommerville, Political Writings p. 29. 30. Jenny Wormald, Court, Kirk and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (London 1981) p. 151. 31. Ian B. Cowan ‘The Darker Vision of the Scottish Renaissance: The Devil and Francis Stewart’, in The Renaissance and Reformation in Scotland ed. Cowan and Duncan Shaw (Edinburgh 1983) p. 139. 32. CSP Scottish 1597–1603 pp. 138, 161. 33. Willson, King James VI and I p. 47. 34. CSP Scottish, 1589 vol. 10 p. 3. 35. Sir Robert Sangster Rait, The Parliaments of Scotland (Glasgow 1924) is out- dated but has not been replaced. Goodare, State and Society in Early Modern Scotland and ‘Parliamentary Taxation in Scotland’ Scottish Historical Review vol. 68 (1989). 36. CSP Scottish vol. 9, p. 650. Wormald, Court, Kirk and Community p. 161. 37. CSP Scottish vol. 10, p. 509. Wormald, ‘Two Kings or One?’, p. 198. 38. CSP Scottish, 1597–1603 vol. 13, pt 1, p. 551. 39. Sommerville, Political Writings p. 56. 40. Howard Nenner, The Right to be King: The Succession to the Crown of England, 1603–1714 (Chapel Hill 1995) p. 57. 190 King James

41. CSP Scottish, 1597–1603 p. 136. 42. CSP Scottish, 1597–1603 pt 2, p. 631. 43. Logan Pearsall Smith, Life and Letters of Sir Henry Wotton (Oxford 1907) vol. 1 pp. 314–15. 44. Lynch, Scotland: A New History pp. 237, 244.

2 The English Throne 1. Akrigg, Letters pp. 175, 182–4. 2. James F. Larkin and Paul L. Hughes (eds) Stuart Royal Proclamations vol 1 Royal Proclamations of King James I, 1603–1625 (Oxford 1973) pp. 1–3. 3. Akrigg, Letters pp. 208–9. 4. Commons Journal vol. 1, p. 142. HMC Salisbury vol. 15, pp. 8–11. 5. John Nichols (ed.) The Progresses of King James I vol 1 pp. 128–32. 6. CSP Venetian vol. 10, pp. 48–50. 7. R. Malcolm Smuts, Culture and Power in England, 1585–1685 (Basingstoke 1999) pp. 52–3. 8. Larkin and Hughes (eds) Stuart Proclamations pp. 18– 19. 9. HMC Salisbury vol. 16 p. 415. 10. Leeds Barroll, Anna of Denmark, Queen of England: A Cultural Biography (Philadelphia 2001) p. 161. 11. F. L. G. von Raumer, History of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (London 1835) vol. 2, pp. 206, 209–10. 12. Lee, Great Britain’s Solomon p. 114. Conrad Russell, ‘The Anglo-Scottish Union 1603–1643: A Success?’, in Religion, Culture and Society in Early Modern Britain ed. Anthony Fletcher and Peter Roberts (Cambridge 1994) p. 241. 13. Commons Journal (CJ) vol. 1, pp. 142–3. 14. Ibid., p. 178 15. Ibid., p. 171. Akrigg, Letters pp. 235–7. 16. Wallace Notestein, The House of Commons, 1604–10 (New Haven and Lon- don 1971) p. 133 17. John Phillips Kenyon, Stuart Constitution, 1603–1688 (2nd edn Cambridge 1986) pp. 29–37. 18. Larkin and Hughes, Stuart Royal Proclamations p. 97 19. CJ vol. 1, pp. 332–3. N. E. McClure (ed.) The Letters of John Chamberlain (Philadelphia 1939) vol. 1, p. 241. 20. Croft, ‘Libels, Popular Literacy and Public Opinion in Modern England’, Historical Research (1995) vol. 68, p. 277. K. Brown, ‘The Scottish Aristocracy, Anglicisation and the Court, 1603–38’, Historical Research (1993) vol. 36, p. 557. 21. CJ vol. 1, p. 358. 22. Theodore Rabb, Jacobean Gentleman: Sir Edwin Sandys, 1561–1629 (Princeton 1998) p. 130. Notes 191

23. HMC Portland vol. 9, p.113. 24. Howard Colvin, The History of the King’s Works (London 1982) vol. 4, pp. 769–78

3 Early Years in England 1. Akrigg, Letters pp. 221–2. 2. Pauline Croft, ‘Fresh Light on Bate’s Case’ Historical Journal (1987) vol. 30. 3. Pauline Croft, ‘A Collection of Treatises and Speeches of the Late Lord Treasurer Cecil’, Royal Historical Society, Camden Miscellany (1987) vol. 29, pp. 273–8. 4. S. R. Gardiner, Parliamentary Debates in 1610 (London 1862) pp. xi–xx. 5. L. M. Hill ‘Sir Julius Caesar’s Journal’ Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research (1972) vol. 45, pp. 320, 322 6. Croft, A Collection p. 255. Akrigg, Letters pp. 269–71. 7. Brown, ‘The Scottish Aristocracy, Anglicisation and the Court, 1603–38’, p. 557. 8. E. R. Foster, Proceedings in Parliament 1610 (2 vols New Haven 1966) vol. 2, p. 11. 9. G. L. Harriss, ‘Medieval Doctrines in the Debates on Supply, 1610–1629’, in Faction and Parliament: Essays on Early Stuart History ed. K. Sharpe (Oxford 1978). 10. Johann P. Sommerville, Royalists and Patriots: Politics and Ideology in Eng- land, 1603–1640 (Harlow 1999) pp. 115–19. 11. Pauline Croft, ‘The Parliamentary Installation of Henry Prince of Wales’ Historical Research (1992) vol. 65. 12. CJ vol. 1, pp. 431–2. 13. Foster, Proceedings in Parliament 1610 vol. 2, p. 388. 14. Akrigg, Letters pp. 316–17. 15. Croft, A Collection p. 313. 16. Pauline Croft, ‘The Catholic Gentry, the earl of Salisbury and the Baronets of 1611’ in Conformity and Orthodoxy in the English Church, c.1560–1660 ed. Peter Lake and Michael Questier (Woodbridge 2000). 17. Sommerville, Political Writings p. 133. 18. W. B. Patterson, King James VI and I and the Reunion of Christendom (Cam- bridge 1997) pp. 91–7.

4 The Rise of the Favourites 1. Linda Levy Peck, Northampton: Patronage and Policy at the Court of King James I (London 1982). 2. HMC Hastings vol. 4, p. 230. 3. Akrigg, Letters pp. 336–7. 192 King James

4. Ibid., pp. 335–40. 5. Ibid., pp. 343–5. 6. Anne Somerset, Unnatural Murder: Poison at the Court of King James (Lon- don 1997) p. 265 7. Alastair Bellany, The Politics of Court Scandal in Early Modern England: News, Culture and the Overbury Affair, 1603–1660 (Cambridge 2001) pp. 74–135. 8. Maija Jansson, Proceedings in Parliament 1614 (Philadelphia 1988). 9. Jansson, Proceedings 1614 pp. 17, 431. Conrad Russell, The Addled Parlia- ment of 1614: The Limits of Revisionism (Stenton Lecture, University of Reading 1992) p. 7 10. Calendar of Carew Manuscripts, 1603–24 pp. 288–92. 11. McClure, Chamberlain Letters (2 vols Philadelphia 1939) vol. 2, p. 207. 12. James Spedding, The Works of Francis Bacon vol. 12, pp. 201–2. 13. Roger Lockyer Buckingham: The Life and Political Career of George Villiers, First Duke of Buckingham, 1592–1628 (London 1981) p. 43 14. Ibid., p. 22: Akrigg, Letters pp. 373, 386–7, 409, 420, 431, 436, 442. 15. S. R. Gardiner, History of England, 1603–1642 (5 vols, London 1864–6) vol. 3, p. 185 16. McClure, Chamberlain Letters vol. 2, p. 207.

5 War in Europe 1. Akrigg, Letters pp. 361–2. 2. A. L. Goodall, ‘The Health of James VI of Scotland and Ist of England’ Medical History (1957) vol. I. 3. CSP Venetian vol. 14, p. 314, vol. 15, p. 428–9. 4. Menna Prestwich, Cranfield p. 229, Lockyer, Buckingham p. 72. 5. Young, ‘Illusions of Grandeur and Reform’. 6. Prestwich, Cranfield: Politics and Profits under the Early Stuarts (Oxford 1996) p. 248. 7. Akrigg, Letters pp. 381–2. 8. W. Notestein, F. H. Relf and H. Simpson Commons Debates 1621 (7 vols, New Haven 1935) vol. 6, p. 370. 9. CSP Venetian vol. 15, 1617–19, pp. 428–9, vol. 16, 1619–21, p. 377. McClure, Chamberlain Letters vol. 2, p. 317. 10. Larkin and Hughes, Stuart Royal Proclamations p. 496 n. 1. 11. Larkin and Hughes, Stuart Royal Proclamations pp. 519–20. Timothy Raylor, The Essex House Masque of 1621 (Pittsburg 1999). 12. Notestein, Relf and Simpson, Commons Debates 1621 vol. 6, pp. 370–71, vol. 5, p. 466. 13. Robert Zaller, The Parliament of 1621 (London 1971) p. 100. 14. Ibid., p. 137. Notes 193

15. Conrad Russell, Parliaments and English Politics, 1621–29 (Oxford 1979) p. 125. 16. CJ vol. 1, p. 652. Lockyer, Buckingham p. 190. 17. Brennan C. Pursell, ‘James I, Gondomar and the Dissolution of the Par- liament of 1621’ History (2000) . Zaller, Parliament of 1621 p. 178. 18. Patterson, Reunion of Christendom pp. 311, 313.

6 The Spanish Match 1. Bellany, Politics of Court Scandal p. 252 2. CSP Venetian vol. 17, p. 502. 3. Glyn Redworth, ‘Of Pimps and Princes: Three Unpublished Letters from James I and the Prince of Wales relating to the Spanish Match’ Historical Journal (1994) vol. 37. 4. Akrigg, Letters pp. 389–92, 401, 403, 405, 410. 5. S. R. Gardiner, El Hecho . . . Narratives of the Spanish Marriage Treaty (Lon- don 1862) p. 141. 6. Akrigg, Letters pp. 394, 421. 7. Thomas Cogswell The Blessed Revolution: English Politics and the Coming of War, 1621–24 (Cambridge 1989) pp. 287–292. 8. CJ p. 752. 9. Lockyer, Buckingham pp. 186–90. 10. Prestwich, Cranfield pp. 449, 467. 11. PRO, SP14/171/39, 12 August 1624. 12. Lockyer, Buckingham p. 233. 13. McClure Chamberlain Letters vol. 2, p. 616. 14. Robert Ashton, James I by His Contemporaries (London 1969) pp. 20–1. Lee Government by Pen pp. 219–20.

7 The Monarch of Three Kingdoms 1. Sommerville, Political Writings pp. xviii–xix, 1–84. J. H. Burns, The True Law of Kingship (Oxford 1996) pp. 242, 250, 257–9, 277–8. 2. Burns, True Law of Kingship pp. 250, 277–8. 3. Jenny Wormald ‘James VI and I, Basilicon Doron and The Trew Law of Free Monarchies’, in The Mental World of the Jacobean Court ed. Linda Levy Peck (Cambridge 1991) p. 51. 4. PRO, SP14/3/27. CJ vol. 1, p. 358. 5. Croft, ‘Robert Cecil and the early Jacobean Court’, in Peck, Mental World. Jared R. M. Sizer, ‘’The Good of this Service Consists in Absolute Secrecy’’ Canadian Journal of History/Annales canadiennes (2001) vol. 36, pp. 230–257. 194 King James

6. S. J. Watts, From Border to Middle Shire: Northumberland, 1586–1625 (Leices- ter 1975), Goodare and Lynch, Reign of James VI pp. 205, 221. 7. Jane H. Ohlmeyer in Nicholas Canny, The Origins of Empire: British Over- seas Enterprise to the Close of the Seventeenth Century (Oxford 1998) pp. 132–3, 144. 8. Goodare, ‘The Scottish Parliament of 1621’, pp. 41–7. 9. CJ vol. 1, p. 367. Keith H. Brown, Kingdom or Province? p. 35 and ‘Courtiers and Cavaliers’, in The Scottish National Covenant in its British Context ed. John Morrill (Edinburgh 1990). 10. Sommerville, Political Writings p. 166. Maurice Lee, Government by Pen: Scotland under James VI and I (Urbana, Chicago and London 1980) p. 115. 11. Nichols, Progresses of King James I vol 3 p. 309. William A. McNeill and Peter G. B. McNeill, ‘The Scottish Progress of James VI, 1617’ Scottish His- torical Review (1996) vol. 75. 12. HMC Salisbury, vol. 18, p. 314. Hans S. Pawlisch, Sir John Davies and the Conquest of Ireland: A Study in Legal Imperialism (Cambridge 1985). 13. Nicholas Canny, Making Ireland British, 1580–1650 (Oxford 2001) pp. 187–97. 14. CSP Carew 1603–24 p. 290. CSP Domestic 1623–25, Addenda 1603–25 p. 555. 15. Ciaran Brady, ‘England’s Defence and Ireland’s Reform: The Dilemma of the Viceroys’, in The British Problem c.1534–1707: State Formation in the Atlantic Archipelago ed. Brendan Bradshaw and John Morrill (London 1996) p. 109. 16. Lawrence Stone, The Crisis of the Aristocracy 1558–1641 (Oxford 1966) p. 104. Victor Treadwell, Buckingham and Ireland, 1616–1628 (Dublin 1998) p. 109. 17. Treadwell, Buckingham pp. 48, 107, 299. 18. CSP Ireland 1625–32, p. 47, ‘Memorandum on the present state of Ireland’. 19. Canny, Making Ireland British p. 248. Clark, ‘The Irish Economy’, New His- tory of Ireland vol. 3 Early Modern Ireland, 1534–1691 ed. T. W. Moody, F.-X. Martin and F. J. Byrne (Oxford 1991) pp. 169, 174. 20. Zaller, Parliament of 1621 p. 118. Prestwich, Cranfield p. 332. 21. Patrick Little, ‘Blood and Friendship: The Earl of Essex’s Protection of the Earl of Clanricarde’s Interests 1641–1646’ English Historical Review (1997) vol. 112. 22. Conrad Russell, ‘The British Problem and the English Civil War’.

8 Supreme Governor 1. Sommerville, Political Writings pp. 6–7 2. Joseph Robson Tanner, Constitutional Documents of the Reign of James I (Cambridge 1930) p. 53 3. Kenneth Fincham, Prelate as Pastor: The Episcopate of James I (Oxford 1990) pp. 62, 124–5, 212–3, 241. Notes 195

4. Patrick Collinson, ‘The Jacobean Religious Settlement: The Hampton Court Conference’, in Tomlinson Before the English Civil War p. 50 5. Kenneth Fincham and Peter Lake, ‘Ecclesiastical Policies’, in The Early Stuart Church 1603–42 ed. Kenneth Fincham (London 1993). 6. McClure, Chamberlain Letters vol. 2, pp. 101, 114. 7. Patrick Collinson, The Religion of Protestants: the Church in English Society, 1559–1625 (Oxford 1982) p. 92. 8. Michael C. Questier, ‘Religion, Loyalism and State Power . . . the Jacobean Oath of Allegiance’, Historical Journal (1997) vol. 40. 9. Spedding, Bacon vol. 11, pp. 90–1. 10. Akrigg, Letters pp. 205, 207. Peck, Northampton. Croft, ‘Catholic Gentry, Salisbury and the Baronets of 1611’ in Lake and Questier, Conformity and Orthodoxy pp. 272–3. 11. John Morrill, ‘A British Patriarchy?’, in Fletcher and Roberts, Religion and Culture in Society. 12. MacDonald, Jacobean Kirk p.111–13 13. Sommerville, Political Writings p. 210. MacDonald, Jacobean Kirk p. 156. 14. Akrigg, Letters p. 363–4. John Ford, ‘Conformity in Conscience: The Structure of the Perth Articles Debate in Scotland, 1618–38’ Journal of Ecclesiastical History (1995) vol. 5. 15. MacDonald, Jacobean Kirk pp. 168–70. John Ford, ‘The Lawful Bonds of Scottish Society: The Five Articles of Perth, the Negative Confession and the National Covenant’, Historical Journal (1994) vol. 37, p. 45. 16. CSP Ireland 1606–1608 p. 242. 17. Canny, Making Ireland British p. 174. 18. CSP Ireland 1603–1606 p. 590. 19. Ibid., pp. 153–4, 166. 20. James Sharpe, The Bewitching of Anne Gunter (London 1999). 21. Sommerville, Political Writings p. 31. Patrick Collinson ‘Elizabethan and Jacobean Puritanism as Forms of Popular Religious Culture’, in The Culture of English Puritanism ed. Christopher Durston and Jacqueline Eales (Basingstoke 1996). 22. Patterson, Reunion of Christendom pp. 221, 225–9. 23. CSP Venetian 1603–1607, pp. 360–1. 24. Patterson, Reunion of Christendom pp. 194–5. 25. Akrigg, Letters p. 338 26. Patterson, Reunion of Christendom p. 265 27. CSP Venetian vol. 15, p. 443 28. Maurice Lee Government by Pen pp.181, 211. 29. Glyn Redworth, ‘Beyond Faith and Fatherland: The Appeal of the Catholics of Ireland, c.1623’ Archivium Hibernicum (1998) vol. 52. 30. Collinson, Religion of Protestants p. 90. Select Bibliography

Simon Adams ‘Spain or the Netherlands? The Dilemmas of Early Stuart Foreign Policy’, in Howard Tomlinson (ed.) Before the English Civil War —— ‘The Road to La Rochelle: English Foreign Policy and the Huguenots, 1610–1629’ Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of London vol. 22, 1975 -— ‘Foreign Policy and the Parliaments of 1621 and 1624’, in Kevin Sharpe (ed.) Faction and Parliament G. P. V. Akrigg (ed.) Letters of King James VI and I (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1984) J. D. Alsop ‘The Privy Council Debate and Committees for Fiscal Reform, September 1615’ Historical Research vol. 68, 1995 Robert Ashton James I by His Contemporaries (London 1969) —— The Crown and the Money Market (Oxford 1960) Leeds Barroll Anna of Denmark, Queen of England: A Cultural Biography (Philadelphia 2001) Priscilla Bawcutt ‘James VI’s Castalian Band: A Modern Myth’ Scottish Historical Review vol. 80, 2001 A. W. Beasley ‘The Disability of James VI and I’, The Seventeenth Century vol. 10, 1995 Alastair Bellany The Politics of Court Scandal in Early Modern England: News, Culture and the Overbury Affair, 1603–1660 (Cambridge 2001) —— ‘Raylinge Rymes and Vaunting Verse: Libellous Politics in Early Stuart England, 1603–1628’, in Kevin Sharpe and Peter Lake (eds) Culture and Politics in Early Stuart England David M. Bergeron Royal Family, Royal Lovers: King James of England and Scotland (Columbia and London 1991) —— King James and Letters of Homoerotic Desire (Iowa City 1999) Brendan Bradshaw and John Morrill (eds) The British Problem c. 1534–1707: State Formation in the Atlantic Archipelago (London 1996) Brendan Bradshaw and Peter Roberts (eds) British Consciousness and Identity: The Making of Britain, 1533–1707 (Cambridge 1998) Ciaran Brady ‘England’s Defence and Ireland’s Reform: The Dilemma of the Irish Viceroys, 1541–1641’, in Bradshaw and Morrill (eds) The British Problem c. 1534–1707 Keith M. Brown Kingdom or Province? Scotland and the Regnal Union, 1603–1715 (Basingstoke 1992)

196 Bibliography 197

—— Bloodfeud in Scotland, 1573–1625 (Edinburgh 1986) —— ‘The Scottish Aristocracy, Anglicisation and The Court, 1603–38’ Historical Journal vol. 36, 1993 —— ‘Noble Indebtedness in Scotland between the Reformation and the Revolution’ Historical Research vol. 62, 1989 —— ‘Aristocratic Finances and the Origins of the Scottish Revolution’ English Historical Review 1989 —— ‘Courtiers and Cavaliers’, in John Morrill (ed.) The Scottish National Covenant in its British Context Glen Burgess The Politics of the Ancient Constitution (London 1992) —— Absolute Monarchy and the Stuart Constitution (New Haven and London 1996) —— ‘The Divine Right of Kings Reconsidered’ English Historical Review vol. 325, 1992 —— (ed.) The New British History: Founding a Modern State, 1603–1715 (1999) J. H. Burns The True Law of Kingship: Concepts of Monarchy in Early Modern Scotland (Oxford 1996) Calendars of State Papers Ireland, Scottish, Venetian, Carew Calendar of State Papers Domestic James I Nicholas Canny (ed.) The Origins of Empire: British Overseas Enterprise to the Close of the Seventeenth Century (Oxford 1998) —— Making Ireland British, 1580–1650 (Oxford 2001) Charles H. Carter ‘Gondomar: Ambassador to James I’ Historical Journal vol. 7, 1964 —— The Secret Diplomacy of the Habsburgs 1598–1625 (1964) Thomas Cogswell The Blessed Revolution: English Politics and the Coming of War, 1621–24 (Cambridge 1989) —— ‘A Low Road to Extinction? Supply and Redress of Grievances in the Parliaments of the 1620s’ Historical Journal vol. 33, 1990 —— ‘Phaeton’s Chariot: The Parliament Men and the Continental Crisis in 1621’, in J. F. Merritt (ed.) The Political World of Thomas Wentworth Earl of Strafford, 1621–1641 (Cambridge 1996) —— ‘England and the Spanish Match’, in Richard Cust and Ann Hughes (eds) Conflict in Early Stuart England (London 1989) Patrick Collinson The Religion of Protestants: The Church in English Society, 1559–1625 (Oxford 1982) —— ‘The Jacobean Religious Settlement: The Hampton Court Conference’ in Howard Tomlinson (ed.), Before the English Civil War —— ‘Elizabethan and Jacobean Puritanism as forms of popular religious culture’, in Christopher Durston and Jacqueline Eales (eds) The Culture of English Puritanism Commons Journal vol. 1 Howard Colvin The History of the King’s Works vol. 3, pts 1 and 2, 1485–1660 (London 1957, 1982) 198 King James

Ian B. Cowan and Duncan Shaw, (eds) The Renaissance and Reformation in Scotland (Edinburgh 1983) Pauline Croft ‘Annual Parliaments and the Long Parliament’ Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research vol. 59, 1986 —— ‘Wardship in the Parliament of 1604’ Parliamentary History vol. , 1983 —— ‘Parliament, Purveyance and the City of London 1589–1608’ Parliamentary History vol. , 1985 —— ‘Fresh Light on Bate’s Case’ Historical Journal vol. 30, 1987 —— ‘A Collection of Treatises and Speeches of the Late Lord Treasurer Cecil’ Royal Historical Society, Camden Miscellany vol. 29, 1987 —— ‘The Religion of Robert Cecil’ Historical Journal vol. 34, 1991 —— ‘The Reputation of Robert Cecil: Libels, Political Opinion and Popular Awareness in the Early Seventeenth Century’ Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 6th series vol. 1, 1991. —— ‘Serving the Archduke: Robert Cecil’s Management of the Parliamentary Session of 1606’ Historical Research vol. 64, 1991 —— ‘The Parliamentary Installation of Henry Prince of Wales’ Historical Research vol. 65, 1992 —— ‘Robert Cecil and the Early Jacobean Court’, in Linda Levy Peck (ed.) The Mental World of the Jacobean Court —— ‘Libels, Popular Literacy and Public Opinion in Early Modern England’ Historical Research vol. 68, (1995) —— ‘The Catholic Gentry, The Earl of Salisbury and the Baronets of 1611’, in Peter Lake and Michael Questier (eds) Conformity and Orthodoxy in the English Church, c. 1560–1660 (Woodbridge 2000) Neil Cuddy ‘The Revival of the Entourage: The Bedchamber of James I, 1603–1625’, in David Starkey (ed.) The English Court: From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War (London 1987) —— ‘Anglo-Scottish Union and the Court of James I’ Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th series vol. 39, 1989 Richard Cust and Ann Hughes (eds) Conflict in Early Stuart England: Studies in Religion and Politics 1603–1642 (London 1989) D. M. Dean and N. L. Jones (eds) The Parliaments of Elizabethan England (Oxford 1990) Gordon Donaldson Scotland: James V to James VII (Edinburgh and London 1965) Christopher Durston and Jacqueline Eales The Culture of English Puritanism, 1560–1700 (Basingstoke 1996) J. H. Elliott The Count-Duke of Olivares (New Haven 1986) —— and L. W. Brockliss The World of the Favourite (London 1999) Steven G. Ellis and Sarah Barber Conquest and Union: Fashioning a British State, 1485–1725 (Harlow 1995) Lori Anne Ferrell, Government by Polemic (Stanford 1998) Kenneth Fincham Prelate as Pastor: The Episcopate of James I (Oxford 1990) Bibliography 199

—— (ed.) The Early Stuart Church, 1603–1642 (London 1993) —— and Peter Lake ‘The Ecclesiastical Policy of King James I’ Journal of British Studies vol. 24, 1985 —— ‘Ramifications of the Hampton Court Conference in the Dioceses, 1603–1609’ Journal of Ecclesiastical History vol. 36, 1985 —— ‘Prelacy and Politics: Archbishop Abbot’s Defence of Protestant Orthodoxy’ Bulletin Institute of Historical Research vol. 61, 1988 Anthony Fletcher and Peter Roberts (eds) Religion, Culture and Society in Early Modern Britain (Cambridge 1994) Alan Ford The Protestant Reformation in Ireland, 1590–1641 (Dublin 1997) John D. Ford ‘Conformity in Conscience: The Structure of the Perth Articles Debate in Scotland, 1618–38’ Journal of Ecclesiastical History vol. 46, (1995) —— ‘The Lawful Bonds of Scottish Society: The Five Articles of Perth, The Negative Confession and the National Covenant’, Historical Journal vol. 37, (1994) E. R. Foster Proceedings in Parliament 1610 (2 vols New Haven 1966) Bruce R. Galloway The Union of England and Scotland, 1603–08 (Edinburgh 1986) —— and Brian P. Levack The Jacobean Union: Six Tracts of 1604 (Edinburgh 1985) S. R. Gardiner History of England, 1603–1642 (vols 1–5, London 1864–86) —— Parliamentary Debates in 1610 (London 1862) —— El Hecho . . . Narrative of the Spanish Marriage Treaty (London 1869) Julian Goodare State and Society in Early Modern Scotland (Oxford 1999) —— and Michael Lynch (eds) The Reign of James VI (East Linton 2000) —— ‘Parliamentary Taxation in Scotland, 1560–1603’ Scottish Historical Review vol. 68, 1989 —— ‘The Scottish Parliament of 1621’ Historical Journal vol. 38, 1995 Christopher Grayson ‘James I and the Religious Crisis in the United Provinces 1613–19’, in Derek Baker (ed.) Reform and Reformation: England and The Continent c.1500–c.1750 (Oxford 1979) John Guy The Reign of Elizabeth I: Court and Culture in the Last Decade (Cambridge 1995) G. L. Harriss ‘Medieval Doctrines in the Debates on Supply, 1610–1629’, in K. Sharpe (ed.) Faction and Parliament: Essays on Early Stuart History (Oxford 1978) J. H. Hexter (ed.) Parliament and Liberty: From the Reign of Elizabeth to the English Civil War (Stanford 1992) —— ‘The Apology of 1604’, in Richard Ollard and Pamela Tudor-Craig (eds) For Veronica Wedgwood These: Studies in Seventeenth-Century History Historical MSS Commission . . . Marquess of Salisbury R. W. Hoyle (ed.) The Estates of the English Crown 1558–1640 (Cambridge 1992) Maija Jansson Proceedings in Parliament, 1614 (Philadelphia 1988) 200 King James

Peter Lake ‘Constitutional Consensus and Puritan Opposition in the 1620s: Thomas Scott and the Spanish Match’ Historical Journal vol. 25, 1982 James F. Larkin and Paul L. Hughes Stuart Royal Proclamations: Royal Proclamations of King James I, 1603–1625 (Oxford 1973) Maurice Lee Jnr Great Britain’s Solomon: James VI and I in His Three Kingdoms (Urbana and Chicago 1990) —— James I and Henri IV: An Essay in English Foreign Policy, 1603–1610 (Urbana 1970) —— Government by Pen: Scotland under James VI and I (Urbana, Chicago and London 1980) Brian P. Levack The Formation of the British State: England, Scotland and the Union, 1603–1707 (Oxford 1987) Eric Lindquist ‘The Failure of the Great Contract’ Journal of Modern History vol. 57, 1985 —— ‘The King, the People and the House of Commons: the Problem of Jacobean Purveyance’ Historical Journal vol. 31, 1988 David Lindley The Trials of Frances Howard: Fact and Fiction at the Court of King James (London 1993) Roger Lockyer Buckingham: The Life and Political Career of George Villiers, First Duke of Buckingham, 1592–1628 (London 1981) —— The Early Stuarts: A Political History of England 1603–1642 (Harlow, 2nd edn 1999) Albert J. Loomie Spain and the Jacobean Catholics (Catholic Record Society 1973) —— Spain and the Early Stuarts, 1585–1655 (Aldershot 1996) —— Toleration and Diplomacy (Philadelphia 1963) Michael Lynch Scotland: A New History (Edinburgh 1991) —— ‘Preaching to the Converted? Perspectives on the Scottish Reformation’, in The Renaissance in Scotland: Studies in Literature, Religion, History and Culture (Brill 1994) Alan R. MacDonald The Jacobean Kirk, 1567–1625 (Aldershot 1998) Allan I. MacInnes ‘Early Modern Scotland: The Current State of Play’, and Michael Lynch ‘Response’ Scottish Historical Review vol. 73, 1994 Roger A. Mason (ed.) Scots and Britons: Scottish Political Thought and the Union of 1603 (Cambridge 1994) N. E. McClure (ed.) The Letters of John Chamberlain (2 vols Philadelphia 1939) Peter E. McCullough Sermons at Court: Politics and Religion in Elizabethan and Jacobean Preaching (Cambridge 1998) William A. McNeill and Peter G. B. McNeill ‘The Scottish Progress of James VI, 1617’ Scottish Historical Review vol. 7, (1996) T. W. Moody, F.-X. Martin and F. J. Byrne (eds) A New History of Ireland vol. 3 Early Modern Ireland 1534–1691 (Oxford 1991) John Morrill, Paul Slack and Daniel Woolf Public Duty and Private Conscience in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford 1993) Bibliography 201

—— (ed.) The Scottish National Covenant in its British Context (Edinburgh 1990) —— ‘A British Patriarchy? Ecclesiastical Imperialism under the Early Stuarts’, in Anthony Fletcher and Peter Roberts (eds) Religion, Culture and Society David George Mullan Episcopacy in Scotland: The History of An Idea, 1560–1638 (Edinburgh 1986) Howard Nenner The Right to Be King: The Succession to the Crown of England, 1603–1714 (Chapel Hill 1995) Andrew D. Nicholls The Jacobean Union: A Reconsideration of British Civil Policies Under The Early Stuarts (Westport, CT 1999) Mark Nicholls Investigating the Gunpowder Plot (Manchester 1991) W. Notestein, F. H. Relf and H. Simpson, Commons Debates, 1621 (7 vols New Haven 1935) Richard Ollard and Pamela Tudor-Craig For Veronica Wedgwood These: Studies in Seventeenth-Century History (London 1986) Jane H. Ohlmeyer ‘The Civilisinge of those rude partes’: Colonisation within Britain and Ireland, 1580s–1640s’, in Nicholas Canny (ed.) The Origins of Empire G. Dyfnallt Owen Wales in the Reign of James I (Woodbridge 1988) Graham Parry The Golden Age Restored: The Culture of the Jacobean Court (Manchester 1981) W. B. Patterson King James VI and I and the Reunion of Christendom (Cambridge 1997) Hans S. Pawlisch Sir John Davies and the Conquest of Ireland: A Study in Legal Imperialism (Cambridge 1985) Linda Levy Peck (ed.) The Mental World of the Jacobean Court (Cambridge 1991) —— Northampton: Patronage and Policy at the Court of James I (London 1982) —— Court Patronage and Corruption in Early Stuart England (London 1990) —— ‘For a King not to be Bountiful were a Fault’ Journal of British Studies vol. 25, 1986 Michael Perceval-Maxwell The Scottish Migration to Ulster in the Reign of James I (London 1993) –— ‘Ireland and the Monarchy in the Early Stuart Multiple Kingdom’ Historical Journal vol. 34, 1991 John Platt ‘Eirenical Anglicans at the Synod of Dort’, in Derek Baker (ed.) Reform and Reformation: England and the Continent, c.1500–c.1750 Menna Prestwich Cranfield: Politics and Profits under the Early Stuarts (Oxford 1996) Brennan C. Pursell ‘James I, Gondomar and the Dissolution of the Parliament of 1621’ History vol. 85, 2000 Michael C. Questier ‘Sir Henry Spiller, Recusancy and the Efficiency of the Jacobean Exchequer’, Historical Research 1993 Michael C. Questier ‘Religion, Loyalism and State Power in Early Modern England: English Romanists and the Jacobean Oath of Allegiance’ Historical Journal vol. 40, 1997 202 King James

B. W. Quintrell ‘The Royal Hunt and the Puritans’ Journal of Ecclesiastical History vol. 31, 1980 —— ‘The Practice and Problems of Recusant Disarming, 1585–1641’ Recusant History vol. 17, 1984–5 Theodore K. Rabb Jacobean Gentleman:Sir Edwin Sandys, 1561–1629 (Princeton 1998) Glyn Redworth ‘Of Pimps and Princes: Three Unpublished Letters from James I and The Prince of Wales Relating to the Spanish Match’ Historical Journal vol. 37, 1994 Glyn Redworth ‘Beyond Faith and Fatherland: The Appeal of the Catholics of Ireland, c.1623’ Archivium Hibernicum vol. 52, 1998 Robert Ruigh The Parliament of 1624: Politics and Foreign Policy (Cambridge, MA 1971) Conrad Russell ‘Divine Rights in the Early Seventeenth Century’, in John Morrill, Paul Slack and Daniel Woolf (eds) Public Duty and Private Conscience —— ‘The Anglo-Scottish Union, 1603–1643: A Success?’, in Anthony Fletcher and Peter Roberts (eds) Religion, Culture and Society in Early Modern Britain —— ‘Parliamentary History in Perspective, 1604–1629’ History vol. 61, 1976 —— Parliaments and English Politics, 1621–29 (Oxford 1979) —— ‘The nature of a Parliament in Early Stuart England’, in Howard Tomlinson (ed.) Before the English Civil War —— ‘English Parliaments, 1593–1606: One Epoch or Two?’, in D. M. Dean and N. L. Jones (eds) The Parliaments of Elizabethan England (Oxford 1990) —— The Addled Parliament of 1614: The Limits of Revisionism (Stenton Lecture, University of Reading 1992) —— (ed.) The Origins of the English Civil War (London 1973) —— The Causes of the English Civil War (Oxford 1990) —— ‘The British Problem and the English Civil War’ History vol. 72, 1987 James Sharpe The Bewitching of Anne Gunter (London 1999) Kevin Sharpe ‘Private Conscience and Public Duty in the Writing of James VI and I’, in John Morrill, Paul Slack and Daniel Woolf (eds) Public Duty and Private Conscience in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford 1993) —— and Peter Lake (eds) Culture and Politics in Early Stuart England (London 1994) —— ‘The King’s Writ: Royal Authors and Royal Authorship in early modern England’, in Sharpe and Lake (eds) Culture and Politics in Early Stuart England —— (ed) Faction and Parliament (Oxford 1973) Jared R. M. Sizer ‘The Good of this Service Consists in Absolute Secrecy: The Earl of Dunbar, Scotland and the Border, 1603–1611’ Canadian Journal of History/Annales canadiennes vol. 36, 2001 A. G. R. Smith (ed) The Reign of James VI and I (London 1973) —— ‘Crown, Parliament and Finance: The Great Contract of 1610’, in P. Clark, A. G. R. Smith and N. Tyacke (eds) The English Commonwealth, 1547–1640 (Leicester 1979) Bibliography 203

R. Malcolm Smuts Culture and Power in England, 1585–1685 (Basingstoke 1999) —— Court Culture and The Origins of a Royalist Tradition in Early Stuart England (Philadelphia 1987) Anne Somerset Unnatural Murder: Poison at the Court of King James (London 1997) Johann P. Sommerville King James VI and I: Political Writings (Cambridge 1994) —— ‘The Ancient Constitution Re-Assessed: The Common Law, the Court and the Languages of Politics in Early Modern England’, in R. Malcolm Smuts (ed.) The Stuart Court and Europe: Essays in Politics and Political Culture (Cambridge 1996) —— Royalists and Patriots: Politics and Ideology in England 1603–1640 (Harlow 1999) —— ‘The Royal Supremacy and Episcopacy Jure Divino, 1603–1640’ Journal of Ecclesiastical History vol. 34, 1983 David Starkey The English Court: From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War (London 1987) David Stevenson Scotland’s Last Royal Wedding: The Marriage of James VI and Anne of Denmark (Edinburgh 1997) Roy Strong Henry Prince of Wales and England’s Lost Renaissance (London 1986) David Thomas ‘Financial and Adminstrative Developments’, in Howard Tomlinson (ed.) Before the English Civil War Howard Tomlinson (ed.) Before the English Civil War: Essays on Early Stuart Politics and Government (London 1983) Victor Treadwell Buckingham and Ireland, 1616–1628 (Dublin 1998) Alison Wall Power and Protest (London 2000) S. J. Watts From Border to Middle Shire: Northumberland 1586–1625 (Leicester 1975) Allan F. Westcott New Poems of James I of England (New York 1966) D. H. Willson King James VI and I (London 1956) W. L. Woodfill Musicians in English Society from Elizabeth to Charles I (Princeton 1953) Jenny Wormald Court, King and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (London 1981) —— ‘James VI and I: Two Kings or One?’ History vol. 68, 1983 —— ‘James VI, James I and the Identity of Britain’, in Brendan Bradshaw and John Morrill (eds) The British Problem c.1534–1707 —— ‘Ecclesiastical Vitriol: The Kirk, the Puritans and the Future King of England’, in John Guy (ed.) The Reign of Elizabeth I: Court and Culture in the Last Decade —— ‘The Creation of Britain: Multiple Kingdoms or Core and Colonies?’ Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 6th series vol. 2, 1992 —— ‘Gunpowder, Treason and Scots’ Journal of British Studies vol. 24, 1985 —— ‘Tis True I am a Cradle King’: The view from the Throne’, in Julian Goodare and Michael Lynch (eds) The Reign of James VI 204 King James

Michael B. Young Servility and Service: The Life and Work of Sir John Coke (London 1986) —— King James VI and I and the History of Homosexuality (Iowa 1999) —— ‘Illusions of Grandeur and Reform at the Jacobean Court: Cranfield and the Ordnance’ Historical Journal vol. 22, 1979 George Yule ‘James VI and I: Furnishing the Churches in his Two Kingdoms’, in Anthony Fletcher and Peter Roberts (eds) Religion, Culture and Society in Early Modern Britain Robert Zaller The Parliament of 1621 (London 1971)

Note The following items appeared too late to be cited, but they are valuable in reinforcing and amplifying points already made in the text.

Judith M. Richards ‘The English Accession of James VI: “National” Identity, Gender and the Personal Monarchy of England’ English Historical Review vol. 117, June 2002, pp. 513–35 The British Union: A Critical Edition and Translation of David Hume of Godscroft’s ‘De Unione Insulae Britannicae’, ed. and trans. Paul J. McGinnis and Arthur H. Williamson (Aldershot 2002) Royal Subjects: The Writings of James VI and I, ed. Daniel Fischlin, Mark Fortier and Kevin Sharpe (Detroit 2002) Index

Abbot, George archbishop of Archdukes, Albert and (Infanta) Canterbury 90, 108, 158, 165, Isabella 35, 44, 46, 52–3, 82, 172, 176–7 107, 116 Aberdeen 164 Argyll, Archibald Campbell 7th earl Act of Annexation (1587) 27 of 32 Adamson, Patrick Archbishop of St Aristocracy see Nobility Andrews 17, 28 Arminianism 160, 175–7, 179–81, Ambassadors 76, 91, 127 Atholl, earldom of 32 Dutch 95 Atlantic Archipelago 8–9, 186–7 French 56, 108, 126 Spanish 120, 126, 163, 184 Babington Plot 22 Venetian 51, 101, 106, 118, 127, Bacon, Sir Francis 2, 97, 103, 111, 161 174, 176, 184 Balmerino, James Elphinstone Lord Amboyna 127 140 Anabaptists 155–6 Baronets, English 81, 162 Andrewes, Lancelot bishop of Irish 150 Winchester 159–60, 177, 180 Bate, John (Bate’s Case 1606)) 73, 78 Angus, Archibald Douglas 8th earl Bavaria, Duke Maximilian of 83, of 16 109, 113, 116, 120 William Douglas 10th earl of 33 see also Catholic League Anna, Infanta of Spain 53 Bedchamber 57–8 Anne of Denmark, queen of Bellarmine, Cardinal Robert 83–4 Scotland and England 2, 3, Benevolences 94, 109–10 24–5, 29, 41, 55–6, 72, 86, 89, Berwick on Tweed 49–50, 67–8 100–1, 121, 129, 134,142 Bible, Authorised or King James Denmark (formerly Somerset) version 2, 157, 159 House 55, 100 as source for James’s writings Antiquaries, Society of 134 131 Antrim, Randall Macdonnell first Bishops, English 156–60 earl of 149 Scottish 14, 17–18, 27–8, 30–1, 38, Apology of 1604 (House of 142, 164–7, 180 Commons) 61–3 Black Acts (1584) 17–18, 28–30 Arran, earl of (Capt. James Stuart) Black, David 29 17, 19–20 Blickling Hall 2

205 206 King James

Bohemia 105–9, 113 Calvinism 11–12, 108, 158–60, 163, Boleyn, Queen Anne 10 171, 175–6 Books of Discipline (1560, 1578) 14 Campbell, Clan 139 Book (or Declaration) of Sports Canny, Nicholas 9, 147 (1618) 172–3 Canons of 1604 157–8 Book of Rates (1604) 72 Carew, Lord 148 Book of Bounty (1608) 74 Carew, Sir George 50 Borders 3, 7–8, 20, 54, 67 Carey, Sir Robert 49 Bothwell, earls of (James Hepburn) Caron, Sir Noel de, Dutch 11 Ambassador 95 (Francis Stewart) 26, 33–5 Carr, Robert see Somerset, 1st earl Bouillon, Duc de 89, 92 of Boulogne (peace talks 1600) 46, 51, Cary, Henry Viscount Falkland 118 150–1 Brahe, Tycho 24 Cassillis, John Kennedy 5th earl of Brandenburg, Elector of 89 42 Breda, siege of (1625) 127 Catholic League 83, 109, 116 Bristol, 1st earl of (John Digby) 113, Catholicism (Roman), catholics 117, 119 (recusants) 160–2, 185 Britain’s Burse 70 in England 52, 74, 104, 116, Brownists 155 119–20, 126–7, 160–2, 176, 185 Brussels 44, 112, 116 English catholic baronets, 81 Buchanan, George 12–13, 15, 18, 39, in Ireland 148, 152–71, 186 132–3 Cautionary Towns 53, 95 Buckhurst, Lord (Thomas) see Cecil, Robert see Salisbury, 1st earl Dorset, 1st earl of of Buckingham, 1st duke of (George Cecil, Thomas see Exeter, 1st earl of Villiers) 5–6, 57, 90, 96–103, Cecil, William see Salisbury, 2nd 111, 113–14, 119–28, 142, 149–51, earl of 153, 162, 179 Ceremonies, ecclesiastical 156, Burbage, Richard 56 165–7 Burghley, Lord (Thomas), see Chamberlain, John 64, 94, 129, 160 Exeter, 1st earl of Chancery, court of 96 Burghley William Cecil 1st Lord 70 Charles I, king of England Scotland Burghs (Scottish) 18 and Ireland 4, 6, 8–9, 25, 81, Burns, J.H. 23 85, 88, 92, 95, 100, 103, 105, Bye and Main plots (1603) 51, 104 108, 113–14, 118–30, 141–2, 158, 167, 170, 177, 181 Caesar, Sir Julius 74, 79, 81, 88 Charles II 88 Caithness, George Sinclair 5th earl Chichester, Sir Arthur 145–7, 149, of 139 168, 170, 185 Calderwood, David 166 Christian IV of Denmark 25, 55 Caithness, George Sinclair 5th earl Christine, princess of France 92 of 139 see also French match Index 207

Clans, Scottish see Campbells, Danvers, Sir Henry 144 Grahams, Macdonalds Darnley, Henry Lord 10–11, 15, 43 Clanricarde, Richard Bourke 4th Davies, Sir John 145–6, 148, 169 earl of 153 Debasement see Coinage, Scottish Clarendon, Edward Hyde 1st earl of Declaration (Book) of Sports (1618) 5, 8, 186 172–3 Cleves-Julich, duchies of 83 De Dominis, Marco Antonio Cobham, 8th Lord 51 Archbishop of Spalato 173–4 Coinage, English 63, 67 Dekker, Thomas 2 Scottish (Debasement) 38–40, Denmark 24–6, 89 135 Digby, John see Bristol, 1st earl of Irish, 144 Dingwall, Lord 67 Cokayne, Alderman Sir William Divine right, theory of 6, 26, 77 94–5, 110 Dodderidge, Sir John 60 Coke, Sir Edward 96–7 Donaldson, Gordon 7, 46 Sir John 102 Dorset, 1st earl of (Thomas Coleraine 151 Sackville) 51, 70, 72–73 Common Pleas, court of 96 Dort (Dordrecht), Synod of (1618) 176 Commons, House of see Parliament, Dublin 124, 143, 151–2, 168–70, 179, English 186–7 Conde, Prince de 92 Trinity College 169 Constable of Castile (Spanish Du Moulin, Pierre 173 envoy) 178 Dunbar, 1st earl of (George Home) Collinson, Patrick 158 67–8, 70, 85–7, 136–7, 164–5, Conway, Sir Edward 126 178 Cope, Sir Walter 56 Dunfermline, 1st earl of (Alexander Cork 143 Seton) 41–2, 136–7, 164, 178 Coronation Oath 133 Dungannon 149 Court, of King James VI and I 11, 15, Dutch see Netherlands (United 21, 29, 31, 42, 46–48, 54, 57–8, Provinces) 64, 67, 75, 89, 91, 140 see also Cautionary towns Cowell, Dr John 77 Craig, Sir Thomas of Riccarton 2, East India Company 3 57 Economy, English 30,40, 67–8 Cranborne, Viscount see Salisbury, Irish 144, 152–3 1st earl of Scots 30, 40 Cranfield, Lionel see Middlesex, 1st see also Trade earl of Ecclesiastical courts 96 Crew, Ranulph 92 Edinburgh 11–13, 29, 34–5, 37, 40, Crown Lands 74 45, 49, 51, 54–6, 72, 136–9, 144, Cupar 29 163, 166, 183 Customs 72–3 see also Impositions), Edmondes, Sir Thomas 11 Tonnage and Poundage Edward VI, king of England and 73 Ireland 167 208 King James

Egerton, Sir Thomas see Ellesmere, France 8, 10, 16, 23, 44, 71, 92, 126 1st earl of French match, 92, 104, 126, 128 Elizabeth I, queen of England and Ireland 1, 10–12, 15, 21–4, 29, Gaeldom 8, 138, 143, 147, 152 32, 34–5, 40, 43–5, 47–50, 53, Galway 143 61, 64, 69–71, 76–7, 80, 82, 92, Gardiner, S.R. 5–6 121, 128, 131, 134, 136, 143–4, Garter, Order of the 25, 69, 91 153, 158–9, 168, 183 General Assembly of Church of Elizabeth, pPrincess and Electress Scotland 14, 17, 27–31, 140, 25, 88–9, 105–8, 112, 115, 117, 163–4, 166 176 General Councils of the Church 84, Ellesmere, 1st earl of (Thomas 173–4 Egerton) 51, 96 Geneva 11, 14, 15 England, Church of 86, 155–60, 163, Giles, Sir Edward 113 165–6, 176, 179, 185 Glasgow 167 Episcopacy see bishops Glynne, Sir William 2 Errol, James Hay earl of 33 Golden Act (1592) 28 Essex, 2nd earl of (Robert Devereux) Gondomar, Conde de 94, 104, 45, 48, 69 108–9, 113–14, 118, 126, 162, Essex, 3rd earl of (Robert Devereux) 177–8 89 Goodman, Godfrey bishop of Exchequer, English 73–4, 78, 98, Gloucester 5 103, 162 Goring, Sir George 113–14 Scottish 41 Gowrie, William Ruthven 1st earl of Exeter, 1st earl of (Thomas Cecil 18 Lord Burghley) 50, 162 see also Ruthven Gowrie Plot 45, 64 Falkirk 34 Grahams, Scottish clan 147 Family of Love 155–6 Great Britain 58–9, 63, 67–8 Ferdinand II, archduke of Styria and Great Contract (1610) 75–81, 85, 92 Emperor 105–7, 19, 116 Greek Orthodox Church 175 see also Habsburgs Greencloth, Board of 3, 61 Feuding, in Scotland 31–6, 133, see also Purveyance 137 Greenwich, Queen’s House 3 Fifteenths (medieval unit of Gunpowder Plot (1605) 64, 81, 161, taxation) 163, 169 see also Tenths Filmer, Sir Robert 2 Habsburg, House of 83, 105, 107–9, Fleming, Sir Thomas, chief baron of 112–22, 125 Exchequer 78 see also Ferdinand II, Philip II, Fontenay, Monsieur de 19–20 Philip III, Philip IV Fortescue, Sir John 61 Hague, The 106, 112 Fotheringhay 22 Hall, Joseph bishop of Norwich Foulis, Thomas 40, 42 179 Index 209

Hamilton, John 1st marquis of 103 Howard, Lord Charles see Hampton Court 100 Nottingham, 1st earl of conference (1604) 157–8, 164, 171, Howard, Lord Henry see 174–5 Northampton, 1st earl of Harsnett, Samuel, bishop of Howard, Lord Thomas see Suffolk, Chichester 77 1st earl of Harington, Sir John 172 Howard, Catherine see countess of Harvey, William 2 Suffolk Hatfield House 2, 70 Howard, Frances (Devereux Carr) Hay, Sir Alexander 147 see countess of Somerset Hay, Sir James 64, 66, 87, 110 Huguenots 89, 92, 173, 181 Hebrides 28 Hungary, 109 Heidelberg 116 Huntly, George Gordon 6th earl of Henri IV of France 4, 11, 32, 71, 83–4, 32–6, 42, 47 162, 174 Hutton, Matthew archbishop of Henrietta Maria, princess of France York 63, 136 126 Hyde, Edward see Clarendon, 1st Henry VII, king of England 10, 40, earl of 53–4, 58, 75, 78, 128 Henry VIII 10, 18, 21, 44, 55, 112, 121, Impeachment 111, 125 134, 143, 167, 182 Impositions 72–3, 78–9, 92–3, 111 Henry Prince of Wales 3, 24–5, 27, Interpreter, The see Cowell, Dr John 31, 38, 43, 47, 50, 53, 55–6, 74, Iona (Icolmkill) statutes of 139 77, 84–6, 88–9, 106, 121, 129, Ireland 44, 48, 52, 71, 124, 136, 138 131, 133–4, 141 143–54, 178, 180, 182, 184–6, Herbert, of Cherbury (Edward, Religion in 167–71 Lord) 2 Old English in 143–53, 167–71, Herbert, Sir Philip see Montgomery, 185 1st earl of High Commission, English 157–8: James III of Scotland 17 Scottish, 165 James IV of Scotland 40 Holderness, 1st earl of (John James V of Scotland 25, 40 Ramsay) 45, 103 James VI of Scotland and I of Holles, Sir John 67 England Holstein, Duke of 41 birth (1566) 11 Holy Roman Empire 82, 105 coronation in Scotland (1567) 11 see also Ferdinand II marriage 1589 24 Holyrood palace 11, 24, 34, 49, 142, children see Henry, Elizabeth, 165 Charles Home, Sir George see Dunbar, 1st accession to English throne earl of (1603) 49 Honours, sale of 81, 122, 149–50 writings 15–16, 24, 41. 63, 131–5, Hoskins, John 93 161–2 Hostile laws 55 death (1625) 128 210 King James

Jesuits (Society of Jesus) 16, 105, 161, 126, 129, 137–8, 142, 146, 151, 168, 174 164, 177 Jones, Inigo 2–3, 56, 100, 119, Globe theatre 126 Jones, Thomas archbishop of treaty of 63, 176, 178 Dublin 167 (London)derry 151 Jonson Ben 2, 56, 160 Lords, House of see Parliament, English Kellie, Thomas Erskine 1st earl of Louis XIII of France 84, 109, 126–7 130 Lynch, Michael 46 Kildare, earls of (FitzGerald) 143, 153 Killigrew, Sir Henry 14 Macdonalds, Scottish clan 139 King’s Bench, court of 96 Madrid 107–9, 118–20 Kinsale 52, 144, 151 Maitland, John of Thirlestain 19–20, Kirk o’Field 11 28, 33–4, 36, 41, 178 Kirk (Church) of Scotland 7, 9, 17, Mansfeld, count 127 27, 35, 37, 47, 54, 155–81, 185, Mar, John Erskine 1st earl of 12 187 John 2nd earl of 12, 24, 51, 69 see also bishops, Black acts, John 4th earl of 141 Golden act, Books of Maria, Infanta of Spain 117–20, 170, Discipline, General Assembly 177, 184 Knox, Andrew, bishop of the Isles Marie de Medicis, queen of France 139 84, 92 Knox, John 11, 14, 131 Marston, John 2 Martin, Richard 50 Lake, Sir Thomas 99, 145 Mary Queen of Scots 10–13, 18–22, Lancashire, 172–3 33, 35, 40–1, 44, 58, 129, 135, Laud, William bishop of St Davids 168 179 Massachusetts, colony 3 James Law, bishop of Orkney Matthew, Toby archbishop of York Lee, Maurice Jnr 7 158 Leiden University 175 Maurice, prince of Nassau 175–6 Lennox, Matthew earl of 13, 43 Maxwell, John Lord 137 Robert earl of 15 Mayerne, Sir Theodore 101 Lennox, Ludovick Stuart 2nd duke Melville, Andrew 14–15, 17–18, 29, of 35, 51, 69 34, 47, 164 Lennox, Esmé D’Aubigny 1st duke James 164 of 15–16, 23–4, 87 Merchant Adventurers, Company Lerma, duke of 52, 107 of 94–5 Levant Company 3, 73, 78 Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield 1st earl Libels 64–5, 117, 121, 129 of 88, 101–3, 110, 112, 117, 122, Linlithgow 29, 42 124–5, 150, 153 Lockyer, Roger 6 Middleton, Thomas 2, 126 London 2–3, 6, 48–50, 52–3, 55–6, Millenary petition 156 58, 69, 72, 95, 98, 100, 103, 121, Monopolies 111–12 Index 211

Montague, Sir Henry 93, 112 Northampton, Henry Howard 1st James bishop of Winchester earl of 6, 48, 51, 53, 69–70, 160 88, 90, 92, 102, 162 Montagu, Richard 179 Nottingham, Charles Howard 1st Montgomerie, Alexander 15 earl of 66, 192 Montgomery, George bishop of Derry, Raphoe and Clogher Oath of Allegiance 161–2 145 see also Gunpowder Plot Montgomery, 1st earl of (Philip Ochiltree, Andrew Stewart 3rd Lord Herbert) 57, 64, 87 138 Moray, James Stewart 1st earl of 13, Octavians 41–2 James Stewart 2nd earl of 32–3 O’Doherty, Sir Cahir 146 Morrill, John 9, 164–5 Ohlmeyer, Jane H. 9 Morton, James Douglas earl of 11, Old English see Ireland 14–17, 39 Oldenbarbeveldt, Johan van 175 Mountjoy, Charles Blount Lord 52, Olivares, condé-duque de 113, 117, 144–5, 168 119 Munster, province of 143 Orkney 8, 11, 139 Murray, Sir Gideon 142 Earl Patrick of 139 Murray, Anne (Lady Glamis) 24 Ormonde, Walter Butler 11th earl of Mytens, Daniel 128 66 Overbury, Sir Thomas 87, 89–91, 94, Napier, John of Murchiston 2, 27 96, 117, 141 Navy, English 88, 102, 123 Ordnance Office 102 Palatinate, The Neile, Richard archbishop of York Frederick IV of 83 159, 177, 180 Frederick V of 88, 105–10, Netherlands, Dutch (United 112–18, 120, 123–4, 126, 175–6, Provinces) 52, 71, 82, 94–5, 184 107– 8, 127, 175–6, 181, 184; see Papacy 83, 148, 161, 170, 173–4 also Cautionary Towns Gregory XIII (1572–85) 173 Spanish (southern) 44, 46, 51, 53, Sixtus V (1585–90) 35 82, 168 Clement VIII (1592–1605) 33, Twelve Years Truce between 174 173–4 Neville, Sir Henry 93 Paul V (1605–21) 112 Newmarket 70, 113 Gregory XV (1621–24) 116, 118–19 New River 6 Parr, Queen Catherine 55 Nobility, of Scotland 18–19, 31–2, 37, Parliament, English 5–8, 58–9, 62–5, 40, 43, 47, 51, 54–5, 57, 64, 67–8, 71–3, 75, 77–82, 87, 90, 66–7, 142 92–3, 96, 101, 104, 110–14, 117, of Ireland 140 119–26, 128, 134, 136, 158, 161, Nonconformists, deprivation of 163, 171, 183 157–8 House of Commons 5, 59–62, Non-residence 64–6, 76–81, 92–94, 110–15, 212 King James

Parliament, English (cont.): 60, 62, 69–70, 72–3, 75, 80, 87, 119, 121–2, 132, 153, 159, 163, 90, 92, 94–7, 100, 102, 109, 112, 183 114, 119–20, 126, 157, 160, 168 see also Impeachment, Privy Council of Scotland 17, 22, Impositions, Monopolies, 30–1, 37–8, 42, 55, 97, 137–41, Subsidies 147, 166–7 House of Lords 62–3, 79, 111–2, Proclamations 49, 54, 63, 110 122, 127, 137, 159, 161 Progress, to Scotland (1617) 100, Parliament, Scottish 7, 13, 17–8, 28, 141–2 31, 35–9, 44, 47, 62, 65, 133–4, Protestation of 1621 (Commons) 114 140, 163, 165–6, 186 Puritanism 155–7, 160, 178 lords of the articles 37 Purveyance 61, 76, 80 Parliament, Irish 93, 148–9, 152, 179 Paulet, Sir Richard 159 Raleigh, Sir Walter 51, 104 Peck, Linda Levy vii, 6 Ramsay, John see Holderness, 1st Pembroke, William Herbert 3rd earl earl of of 69, 92 Recusancy see catholicism Perrot, Sir James 112 Reformation in England 143 Persons, Robert S.J. 35 in Scotland 10, 14, 30 Perth, 29, 31 Counter-Reformation in Ireland Five Articles of 9, 140, 166–7, 170 178–80, 186 Reports see Coke, Sir Edward Philip II of Spain 16, 21, 23, 34–5, 55, Riccio, David 10–11 121, 132, 167 Richelieu, Armand Jean, Cardinal Philip III of Spain 52, 63, 82, 84, 107, 126 109, 113, 119 Richmond, palace of 49 Philip IV of Spain 84, 107, 113, 115, Rome 155, 161, 179 117–18, 120, 170, 178 see also Papacy Piracy 53 Rothes, John 6th earl of 140 Plantations 6, 138, 146–8 Royston 63, 70, 145 Pockock, John 8 Russell, Conrad 6, 93, 153 Porter, Endymion 117 Ruthven, castle 16 Portsmouth 120 Raid 16–18 Postal services (to Scotland) 136 Post nati (Calvin’s case) 66 Sackville, Thomas see Dorset, 1st earl Prague 105–7 of Prayer Book, English 156–7, 160 St Andrews 28–9, 142 Presbyterianism 156, 158, 164, 171, St John, Sir Oliver Viscount 185–6 Grandison 149, 152 Primrose, Archibald 38 Salisbury, 1st earl of (Robert Cecil) Print culture 1, 121–2, 124, 126, 2, 44–5, 48–53, 56, 59, 61, 64, 128–9, 177–8 66, 68–71, 73–82, 85–8, 92, 97, Privateering 50 101, 135, 137, 144–5, 157, 159, Privy Council, of England 48, 50–2, 161, 163, 169–70, 183 Index 213

Salisbury, 2nd earl of (William Subsidy, parliamentary 64, 79, 110, Cecil) 70 113, 115, 123 Sandys, Sir Edwin 60, 65–6 see also Fifteenths and Tenths Savoy 85, 101 Suffolk, 1st earl of (thomas Howard) Scotland, Highlands of 3, 8, 35, 51, 69, 88–92, 98–9, 102, 124, 138–9, 165 129 Islands of 3, 8, 138–9, 144, 147 Suffolk, Catherine countess of 98 see also Borders Sweden 89 Scots, dislike of 58, 64–5, 67, 79 Scott, Thomas 121, 177 Taxation, Scottish 7, 37–39, 45–6, Scott, Reginald 26 Customs 40 Seton, Alexander see Dunfermline, Taxation, English 62, 64 1st earl of see also Subsidy Shakespeare, William 1–2, 56, 86 Customs 72, 94–5 Shirley, Sir George 162 Tenths (medieval unit of taxation) Somerset, earl of (Robert Carr) 5, see Fifteenths 87–91, 96–8, 129 Theobalds 55, 70, 128–9, 142 countess of (Frances Howard) Thirty Years War 5, 95, 107, 174, 179 89–91, 98 Thirty-Nine Articles 160 Southampton, earl of 69 Tilly, count of 116 Spain 5–6, 8, 16, 32, 43–6, 44, 46, Tonneins, Synod of 173 51–3, 69, 82, 84–5, 103–4, Trade, English 52–3, 67, 73, 82, 88, 107–9, 114, 120, 123–4, 127, 94–5, 102–3, 110, 113, 123 146, 151, 176, 184 Tudor, Margaret Queen of Scotland Spanish Armada 23, 32, 35 44 blanks 34 Mary Duchess of Suffolk 44 match 108, 113–15, 117–23, 170, Tuscany 32, 85 176–9, 185 Tyrconnell, Rory O’Donnell 1st earl see also Philip II, Philip III, Philip of 144–6, 179 IV Tyrone, Hugh O’Neill 3rd earl of 48, Spenser, Edmund 143 52, 71, 143–6, 149, 167, 179 Speed, John 54 Spinola 106 Ulster 3, 143–9, 151–2, 169–71, 179, Spottiswoode, John archbishop of 185, 187 St Andrews 130, 164, 166 Undertakers in see Plantations Star Chamber court of 98–9, 128, Undertakers (1614) see Neville, Sir 165, 178 Henry Stirling 11–12, 15, 24, 55, 142 Union, of Protestant Princes 83, 88 Stone, Lawrence 186 Union project, England and Strafford, Thomas Wentworth 1st Scotland (1604–7) 2, 53–4, earl of 9 57–60, 63–7, 85, 140, 163 Stuart, Esmé Sieur D’Aubigny see Lennox, 1st duke of Van Somer, Paul 128 Stuart, Lady Arbella 43–4, 46 Vervins, peace of (1598) 44 214 King James

Villiers, George see 1st duke of see also Parliament, English Buckingham Whig interpretation of history Virginia 3, 146 5–6 Vorstius, Conrad 175 Whitehall 49, 57, 67, 94, 11, 114, 159 Whitgift, John archbishop of Wales 2–3, 136, 167, 182 Canterbury 157, 163 Wallingford, Viscount and William the Silent, prince of Orange Viscountess 98–9 21, 88, 175–6 Walsingham, Sir Francis 21 Williams, John bishop of Lincoln Walsingham, Frances countess of 129–30, 180 Clanricarde 153 Willson, D.H. 6–7 Wards, court of, English 61, 69, 76, Windsor 69 79–80, 98, 102 Winwood, Sir Ralph 92, 97, 101 masters of 69, 98, 102 Witchcraft 25–7, 34, 171–2 Irish 151 Wootton, Sir Henry 46 Ward, Samuel 177 Worcester, Edward Somerset 4th Webster, John 2 earl of 69 Weldon, Sir Anthony 3, 6 Wormald, Jenny 7, 46 Westminster 2, 7, 75, 78, 110, 112, 126, 128, 159 Young, Peter dean of Lichfield 12