The Spanish Match and Jacobean Political Thought, 1618-1624

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Spanish Match and Jacobean Political Thought, 1618-1624 Opposition in a pre-Republican Age? The Spanish Match and Jacobean Political Thought, 1618-1624 Kimberley Jayne Hackett Ph.D University of York History Department July 2009 Abstract Seventeenth-century English political thought was once viewed as insular and bound by a common law mentality. Significant work has been done to revise this picture and highlight the role played by continental religious resistance theory and what has been termed 'classical republicanism'. In addition to identifying these wider influences, recent work has focused upon the development of a public sphere that reveals a more socially diverse engagement with politics, authority and opposition than has hitherto been acknowledged. Yet for the period before the Civil War our understanding of the way that several intellectual influences were interacting to inform a politically alert 'public' is unclear, and expressions of political opposition are often tied to a pre-determined category of religious affiliation. As religious tension erupted into conflict on the continent, James I's pursuit ofa Spanish bride for Prince Charles and determination to follow a diplomatic solution to the war put his policy direction at odds with a dominant swathe of public opinion. During the last years of his reign, therefore, James experienced an unprecedented amount of opposition to his government of England. This opposition was articulated through a variety of media, and began to raise questions beyond the conduct of policy in addressing fundamental issues of political authority. By examining the deployment of political ideas during the domestic crisis of the early 1620s, this thesis seeks to uncover the varied ways in which differing discourses upon authority and obedience were being articulated against royal government. In particular, it suggests that confessional politics interacted with a broader culture of opposition developing throughout the Jacobean period to create a potent form of critical public discourse. 2 Contents Abbreviations 4 Notes on the Text 6 Acknowledgements 7 Introduction 8 1. Divided Allegiance 26 Catholic and Protestant during the Spanish Match 2. Hidden Depths 52 Recovering the Meaning ofJohn Taylor's Works in Context, 1618-1624 3. Politics and the 'Heauenly Sonnets' 90 George Wither's Religious Verse, 1619-1625 4. Critical Theatre 128 Political Thought in the Early Plays ofPhilip Massinger 5. The 'Execution of Iustice' or Legalised Violence? 161 The English Reception of Oldenbarnevelt 's Fall 6. Making 'Republikes of Kingdomes'? 211 Dutch Politics and English Pamphlet Polemic, 1621-1623 Conclusion 259 Appendix 267 Bibliography 279 3 Abbreviations APC Acts of the Privy Council ofEngland in the Reign ofJames 1 (Germany, 4 vols, reprint 1974) Arber, TR E. Arber (ed.), A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers ofLondon, 1554-1640 (New York, 5 vols, 1875-94, reprint 1950) BIHR Bulletin ofthe Institute ofHistorical Research BL British Library Cogswell, BR Thomas Cogswell, The Blessed Revolution: English Politics and the Coming of War, 1621-1624 (Cambridge, 1989) Cust, 'Public Richard Cust, 'The "Public Man" in Late Tudor and Early Stuart Man' England', in Peter Lake and Steve Pincus (eds.), The Politics ofthe Public Sphere in Early Modern England (Manchester, 2007), pp. 116-143 CSPD Calendar ofState Papers Domestic, James I, 1619-23 (London, 1858). EHR English Historical Review ELR English Literary Renaissance G&S, Martin van Gelderen and Quentin Skinner (eds.), Republicanism: A Republicanism Shared European Heritage (Cambridge, 2 vols, 2002) HJ Historical Journal HLQ Huntington Library Quarterly JBS Journal ofBritish Studies KJV The Holy Bible, conteyning the Old Testament, and the New: Newly Translated out ofthe Original! tongues: & with the former Translations diligently compared and reuised by his Maiesties speciall Comandement (London, 1611) L&P,PS Peter Lake and Steve Pincus (eds.), The Politics ofthe Public Sphere in Early Modern England (Manchester, 2007) ODNB Oxford Dictionary ofNational Biography P&P Past and Present 4 PMLA Publications of the Modern language Association ofAmerica RPCS The Register of the Privy Council ofScotland, First ser., eds. J. H. Burton and D. Masson (Edinburgh, 14 vo1s, 1877-98) RQ Renaissance Quarterly SPD The Complete State Papers Domestic, series 1, James I (Harvester Microform, 1980) SPF State Papers Foreign, The National Archives TRHS Transactions ofthe Royal Historical Society 5 Notes on the Text All quotations of biblical text taken from KJV, unless otherwise stated. In quotations from original printed or manuscript text, original spelling and punctuation have been retained, with contractions expanded in square brackets. {} indicates words interlined. Words struck through indicate words deleted (where discemable) in the original. Dates follow Old Style, unless otherwise stated, except the year, which is taken to begin on January 1. 6 Acknowledgements My first and foremost thanks go to my supervisor and mentor, David Wootton, whose generosity with both his time and his space has been instrumental in the completion of my thesis. I feel I have been able to grow in many ways whilst at York and this is in a large part due to David's gentle encouragement towards a more searching and critical approach. His enviable intellect has continually provided me with motivation and a goal (if an unattainable one!) to aspire to. lowe innumerable thanks to Susan Joyce, without whose generous bequest of a doctoral studentship to the department, I would not have been able to undertake this work. The time that I have had the opportunity to spend with Susan and Peter has confirmed what truly generous and warm-hearted people they are, and I feel deeply privileged to have benefited so much from their kindness. I would also like to thank Bill Sheils and Jim Sharpe for their support. Their helpful and constructive comments have been very valuable and I am indebted to them both for taking the time to read drafts of my work. I have also had the opportunity to benefit from the generosity of several scholars who have been willing to share their ideas and work with me. In particular, I would like to thank Michael Questier for generously giving me the chance to engage with his unpublished work on two occasions. Thanks also go to Bill Sherman, Michelle o 'Callaghan, Tara Hamling and Trevor Cooper. For help with translations, I give my thanks to Niels van Manen, Jenny Hillman, and most notably, Julie Taylor. To Julie and Matthew I offer my most sincere and heartfelt thanks, for without their unfaltering support over the past six months, I would not have stayed focused and kept going. I would also like to offer my thanks to Charles Fonge, whose understanding and encouragement allowed me to take valuable time away from the busy world of information compliance! Finally, lowe an inestimable debt of gratitude to Mum and Dad and so offer my thanks here as the first small inroad into repayment. Without their lifelong encouragement to believe I was able to achieve anything, I would not have even seen the doors of opportunity that have since opened for me. Always willing to offer both their emotional and financial support, and provide last-minute solutions to unfortunate encounters with technology, my Mum and Dad are as much a part of this thesis as I am, and to whom, therefore, it is dedicated. 7 Introduction 'The plaine truth is', James I publicly explained early in 1622, 'That Wee cannot with patience endure Our Subiects to vse such Antimonarchicall words to Vs concerning their Liberties'. 1 James's immediate point of reference here was the 'carping wits' in the House of Commons, who had entered into a fractious exchange with the king at the end of the 1621 Parliament following their petition concerning religion, Prince Charles's prospective marriage and the continental war.2 Yet, taken more broadly, James's statement neatly reflects the widespread reaction provoked by the king's dynastic and foreign policy between 1618 and 1624, and succinctly epitomises the predominant royal understanding of such public opposition. Varying media were employed to articulate dissent over James's pursuit of a Spanish bride for his son, and, as many contemporaries recognised, the criticism of the king's policy increasingly began to address questions about political authority. Even a cursory glance at much of the critical literature generated during the early 1620s reveals that it was not just a jealous Commons who were becoming defensive over their liberties.3 As the direction of royal policy clashed with the demands of Reformed unity in the face of international confessional warfare, an increasing number of appeals were being framed in public terms, which often sought to educate and call upon a politically alert 'public', as much as the ruling elite. The notion of a 'public sphere' in early modem England has been adapted and redeployed from Jiirgen Habermas's late seventeenth-century bourgeois, coffee house culture.4 An 'occasional' relationship has been identified between the public and politics, whereby an increasingly participatory reaction to moments of crises I James VI and I, His Majesties Dec/aration touching his Proceedings in the Late Assembly and Convention of Parliament (London, 1622), p. 47; Thomas C. Fulton, "'The True and Naturall Constitution of that Mixed Gouernment": Massinger's The Bondman and the influence of Dutch Republicanism', Studies in Philology, 99 (2002), 152-178, 157. 2 James I, His Majesties Dec/aration, p. 44; for contrasting interpretations of this parliamentary episode see Robert Zaller, The Parliament of 1621: A Study in Constitutional Conflict (Berkeley, 1971); Brennan C. Pursell, 'James I, Gondomar and the Dissolution of the Parliament of 1621', History, 85 (2000), 428-445; Richard Cust, 'Prince Charles and the Second Session of the 1621 Parliament', EHR, 122 (2007),427-441. 3 For this view of the Commons 'desperately defending embattled freedoms', see Zaller, Parliament of 1621, p. 179. 4 Jiirgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, tr.
Recommended publications
  • View 2019 Edition Online
    Emmanuel Emmanuel College College MAGAZINE 2018–2019 Front Court, engraved by R B Harraden, 1824 VOL CI MAGAZINE 2018–2019 VOLUME CI Emmanuel College St Andrew’s Street Cambridge CB2 3AP Telephone +44 (0)1223 334200 The Master, Dame Fiona Reynolds, in the new portrait by Alastair Adams May Ball poster 1980 THE YEAR IN REVIEW I Emmanuel College MAGAZINE 2018–2019 VOLUME CI II EMMANUEL COLLEGE MAGAZINE 2018–2019 The Magazine is published annually, each issue recording college activities during the preceding academical year. It is circulated to all members of the college, past and present. Copy for the next issue should be sent to the Editors before 30 June 2020. News about members of Emmanuel or changes of address should be emailed to [email protected], or via the ‘Keeping in Touch’ form: https://www.emma.cam.ac.uk/members/keepintouch. College enquiries should be sent to [email protected] or addressed to the Development Office, Emmanuel College, Cambridge CB2 3AP. General correspondence concerning the Magazine should be addressed to the General Editor, College Magazine, Dr Lawrence Klein, Emmanuel College, Cambridge CB2 3AP. Correspondence relating to obituaries should be addressed to the Obituaries Editor (The Dean, The Revd Jeremy Caddick), Emmanuel College, Cambridge CB2 3AP. The college telephone number is 01223 334200, and the email address is [email protected]. If possible, photographs to accompany obituaries and other contributions should be high-resolution scans or original photos in jpeg format. The Editors would like to express their thanks to the many people who have contributed to this issue, with a special nod to the unstinting assistance of the College Archivist.
    [Show full text]
  • Familytree.Jennifer M. Collins.Pdf
    /anuel Bryennios *heodore /etochites 5regory Pala)as 1315 131+ 131+ 9ilos ;a1asilas 'e)etrios ;ydones (lissaeus Judaeus 1363 1363 5eorgios Plethon 5e)istos /anuel .hrysoloras 1393 1333 5uarino da Verona 1408 1& , Vittorino da Feltre 1416 U. Padova 1&16 *heodoros 5a2es 1433 U. /antova 1&33 Basilios Bessarion 1436 /ystras 1&36 Johannes Argyropoulos 1444 U. Padova 1&&& 'e)etrios .halcocondyles Pietro 0occa1onella Pelope /ystras 1452 1&+2 9iccolo 6eoniceno 1453 U. Padova 1&+3 /arsilio Ficino 1462 U. Florence 1&62 Janus 6ascaris *ho)as von ;e)pen a ;e)pis U. Padova 1472 1&72 Alexander "egius Jaco1 1en Jehiel 6oans St. Agnes, $%olle 1474 1&7& Johannes Sto88ler .risto8oro 6andino U. <ngolstadt 1476 1&76 Angelo Poliziano 1477 U. Florence 1&77 0udol8 Agricola 5eorgius "er)onymus U. Ferrara 1478 1&7, Jacques 6e8evre d(taples 1480 U. Paris 1&, Johann 0euchlin 1481 U. Poitiers 1&,1 6eo ?uters 1485 U. 6ouvain 1&,+ Jan Standonck 1490 U. Paris 1&3 5uillau)e Bude 1491 U. Paris 1&31 Scipione Fortiguerra 1493 U. Florence 1&33 Ulrich $asius 1501 U. Frei1urg 1+ 1 'esiderius (rasmus /oses Pere2 U. *urin 1506 1+ 6 5irola)o Aleandro 1508 U. Padova 1+ , 0utger 0escius 1513 U. Paris 1+13 Philipp /elanchthon 1514 U. *u1ingen 1+1& *ho)as .ran)er /aarten van 'orp 1515 U. .a)1ridge U. 6ouvain 1+1+ 1+1+ Francois 'u1ois 1516 U. Paris 1+16 Andrea Alciati /atthaeus Adrianus U. Bologna 1518 1+1, Jaco1us 6ato)us Jan van .a)pen 1519 U. 6euven U.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gunpowder Plot Activity Pack
    TTHHEE GGUUNNPPOOWWDDEERR PPLLOOTT The Gunpowder Plot Activity Pack Welcome to Heritage Doncaster’s the Gunpowder Plot activity pack. This booklet is filled with ideas that you can have a go at as a family at home whilst learning about the Gunpowder Plot. Some of these activities will require adult supervision as they require using an oven, a sharp implement, or could just be a bit tricky these have been marked with this warning triangle. We would love to see what you create so why not share your photos with us on social media or email You can find us at @doncastermuseum @DoncasterMuseum [email protected] Have Fun! Heritage Doncaster Education Service Contents What was the Gunpower Plot? Page 3 The Plotters Page 4 Plotters Top Trumps Page 5-6 Remember, remember Page 7 Acrostic poem Page 8 Tunnels Page 9 Build a tunnel Page 10 Mysterious letter Page 11 Letter writing Page 12 Escape and capture Page 13 Wanted! Page 14 Create a boardgame Page 15 Guy Fawkes Night Page 16 Firework art Page 17-18 Rocket experiment Page 19 Penny for a Guy Page 20 Sew your own Guy Page 21 Traditional Bonfire Night food Page 22 Chocolate covered apples Page 23 Wordsearch Page 24 What was the Gunpowder Plot? The Gunpowder Plot was a plan made by thirteen men to blow up the Houses of Parliament when King James I was inside. The Houses of Parliament is an important building in London where the government meet. It is made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
    [Show full text]
  • Tudors and the Reformation
    Knowledge Organiser: Tudors and the Reformation The Catholic Church faced criticism in the Chronology: what happened on these dates? Vocabulary: define these words 16th century, leading to the Reformation. Martin Luther pins his ‘95 theses’ to the A promise to reduce time spent Some rulers left it and set up their own 1517 Indulgence churches, causing plots, revolts and wars. church door in Wittenberg. in purgatory. Summarise your learning Henry VIII declares himself head of the A movement that divided the 1534 Reformation Church of England. Christian Church in Europe. Criticisms The quality and practices of the of the Church were criticised by Martin The process of dissolving England’s A person that disagrees with the Catholic 1536 Heretic Luther. monasteries begins. official Church. Church Edward VI becomes king and begins to A group of Christians, who broke 1547 Protestant accelerate the Reformation in England. away from the Catholic Church. The Reformation spread across The belief that Jesus Christ is The Mary I becomes queen and tries to reverse Europe, weakening the position 1553 Transubstantiation physically present in the bread Reformation the Reformation in England. of the Catholic Church. and wine during mass. Elizabeth I succeeds Mary and sets up her Declaration that a marriage is 1559 Annulment Henry’s Henry VIII wanted a divorce and own Religious Settlement. invalid. ‘Great had to break from Rome to get Who were these people? What were these events? Matter’ one. The closure and sale of A former monk, who started the Protestant Dissolution Martin Luther England’s monasteries. Reformation in Europe. Impact of In England, the monasteries were Mary, Queen of A rival to the English throne, who fled there the dissolved and the Church Scots after her nobles revolted.
    [Show full text]
  • Stapylton Final Version
    1 THE PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGE OF FREEDOM FROM ARREST, 1603–1629 Keith A. T. Stapylton UCL Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 Page 2 DECLARATION I, Keith Anthony Thomas Stapylton, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed Page 3 ABSTRACT This thesis considers the English parliamentary privilege of freedom from arrest (and other legal processes), 1603-1629. Although it is under-represented in the historiography, the early Stuart Commons cherished this particular privilege as much as they valued freedom of speech. Previously one of the privileges requested from the monarch at the start of a parliament, by the seventeenth century freedom from arrest was increasingly claimed as an ‘ancient’, ‘undoubted’ right that secured the attendance of members, and safeguarded their honour, dignity, property, and ‘necessary’ servants. Uncertainty over the status and operation of the privilege was a major contemporary issue, and this prompted key questions for research. First, did ill definition of the constitutional relationship between the crown and its prerogatives, and parliament and its privileges, lead to tensions, increasingly polemical attitudes, and a questioning of the royal prerogative? Where did sovereignty now lie? Second, was it important to maximise the scope of the privilege, if parliament was to carry out its business properly? Did ad hoc management of individual privilege cases nevertheless have the cumulative effect of enhancing the authority and confidence of the Commons? Third, to what extent was the exploitation or abuse of privilege an unintended consequence of the strengthening of the Commons’ authority in matters of privilege? Such matters are not treated discretely, but are embedded within chapters that follow a thematic, broadly chronological approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Modern Piracy 1/8
    MS Early Modern Piracy 1/8 Corsairs, Privateers, Renegados: Early Modern Piracy Syllabus Let’s get this out of the way: Like the last two terms, summer term 201 will be yet another experiment in pandemic pedagogics. I look forward to experimenting with new forms of (online) teaching, but I will need your help. Please keep in touch, take part in the Zoom classes, and use the forum for asynchronous coursework (study questions, book reviews – tasks specified below). Most importantly, please let me (and the other course members) know if something does not work for you or if you have different ideas about how to do things. Let’s do this together! class: - Wednesday, 16:15-17:45 [online] As Zoom is not the perfect medium for everyone (and some of you might struggle with technical issues) the seminar will combine synchronous Zoom classes and asynchronous sessions (see schedule & tasks below). contact: - [office: 4.154 IG-Farben-Haus] - e-mail: - office hours: Thursday, 9:00-10:30 (and on appointment) – please send me an e-mail for the Zoom link. - twitter: @susannegruss (#PiracyMS) resources: - OLAT: literature: - Please buy and read the following primary texts (listed in the order of discussion in class): (1) George Peele, The Battle of Alcazar () (in The Stukeley Plays, Revels Plays, Manchester UP); The Life and Death of the Famous Thomas Stukely (broadside ballad, c.1693-96, http://ebba.english.ucsb.edu/search_combined/?ss=thomas+stukely) (2) Thomas Heywood & Philip Rowley, Fortune by Land and Sea (1607-09) (copy on OLAT) (3) John Fletcher and Philip Massinger, The Double Marriage (c.1619-22) (copy on OLAT) (4) Philip Massinger, The Renegado (1624) (Arden Early Modern Drama) - All other texts that are mandatory reading are available on OLAT.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    206 Fletcherian Dramatic Achievement Bibliography Primary sources Apology for Actors Thomas Dekker, An Apology for Actors (1612), ed. Richard H. Per- kinson, New York 1941 Aristotle Poetics, tr. W. Hamilton Fyfe, The Loeb Classics Library, Cam- bridge, Mass., London 1927 St Augustine St Augustine, The Teacher, in Against the Academicians; and, The Teach- er, trans. Peter King, Indianapolis, Cambridge 1995 Bellenden The Chronicles of Scotland: Compiled by Hector Boece: Translated into Scots by John Bellenden, 1531, ed. R. W. Chambers and Edith C. Batho, vol. I, Edinburgh and London 1938 Bowers I-X The Dramatic Works in the Beaumont and Fletcher Canon, gen. ed. Fredson Bowers, 10 vols, Cambridge UP 1966–1996 [Cicero] Ad Herennium, tr. Harry Caplan; The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, Mass., London 1954 Demetrius and Enanthe MS John Fletcher, Demetrius and Enanthe, ed. Margaret McLaren Cook and F. P. Wilson, The Malone Society Reprints 1950 (1951) Dio Dio Cassius, Dio’s Roman History, tr. Earnest Cary, vol. vii, The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, Mass., London 1961 Faithful Friends The Faithful Friends, ed. G. R. Proudfoot and G. M. Pinciss, The Malone Society Reprints 1970 (1975) Henslowe’s Diary Henslowe’s Diary, ed. R. A. Foakes, 2nd edition, Cambridge UP 2002. Howard-Hill (1980) Sir John Van Olden Barnavelt: by John Fletcher and Philip Massinger, ed. T. H. Howard-Hill, The Malone Society Reprints 1979 (1980) Bonduca MS Bonduca: by John Fletcher, ed. W. W. Greg, The Malone Society Re- prints, 1951 Mann Thomas Mann, Doctor Faustus, tr. H. T. Lowe-Porter, Everyman’s Library, vol.80, 1992 Masque of Queens Ben Jonson, The Masque of Queens (1609), published in his Workes (1616): 945–964 Meres Francis Meres, Palladis Tamia (1598), Scholars’ Facsimiles & Re- prints, New York 1938 Metrical Boece (1858) The Buik of the Chroniclis of Scotland; or, A Metrical Version of the History of Hector Boece; By William Stewart (1535), ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Not a Covenant of Works in Disguise” (Herman Bavinck1): the Place of the Mosaic Covenant in Redemptive History
    MAJT 24 (2013): 143-177 “NOT A COVENANT OF WORKS IN DISGUISE” (HERMAN BAVINCK1): THE PLACE OF THE MOSAIC COVENANT IN REDEMPTIVE HISTORY by Robert Letham READERS WILL DOUBTLESS be aware of the argument that the Mosaic covenant is in some way a republication of the covenant of works made by God with Adam before the fall. In recent years, this has been strongly advocated by Meredith Kline and others influenced by his views. In this article I will ask some historical and theological questions of the claim. I will also consider how far Reformed theology, particularly in the period up to the production of the major confessional documents of the Westminster Assembly (1643-47), was of one mind on the question. 2 I will concentrate on the argument itself, without undue reference to persons.3 1. Herman Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, Volume 3: Sin and Salvation in Christ (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2006), 222. 2. Apart from the works of Kline, cited below, others have addressed the matter in some detail - Mark W. Karlberg, “The Search for an Evangelical Consensus on Paul and the Law,” JETS 40 (1997): 563–79; Mark W. Karlberg, “Recovering the Mosaic Covenant as Law and Gospel: J. Mark Beach, John H. Sailhammer, and Jason C. Meyer as Representative Expositors,” EQ 83, no. 3 (2011): 233–50; D. Patrick Ramsey, “In Defense of Moses: A Confessional Critique of Kline and Karlberg,” WTJ 66 (2004): 373–400; Brenton C. Ferry, “Cross-Examining Moses’ Defense: An Answer to Ramsey’s Critique of Kline and Karlberg,” WTJ 67 (2005): 163–68; J.
    [Show full text]
  • A Fairly Complete History and Tour of Aynho Village – Updated January 2017 Aynho Is a Two-Part Name
    A Fairly Complete History and Tour of Aynho Village – updated January 2017 Aynho is a two-part name - ‘Ayn’ is either a corruption of a Saxon personal name, or more likely the Saxon word for a spring or stream. The ‘Hoh’ is a Saxon word for a promontory/projecting ridge of land standing on a plain as Aynho does. The earliest mention (in the Domesday Book) of an owner of the manor of Aynho is Asgar - a Danish thane (knight). He was standard bearer for Edward the Confessor who reigned from 1042 to 1066. (Edward was born at Islip about fifteen miles south east of Aynho, so he probably knew Asgar). The entry showed 3¼ hides (about 400 acres altogether), land for 8 ploughs, a mill and 20 acres of meadow. Why was Aynho so relatively important in the mid-ten hundreds? Probably because of its location high up overlooking the whole Cherwell valley. There were very few significant houses in existence within a radius of twenty miles at that time, and it is believed that Aynho had a substantial wooden Saxon manor house then. For example Oxford Castle was not built until 1073, Banbury Castle 1135, Broughton Castle 1300, Rousham House 1635 and Upton House 1695. The first proper Oxford College, University College, wasn’t founded until1249. Apart from Aynho north of Oxford only Sulgrave Manor is recorded as having an Anglo-Saxon Manor House around the late 9th century. William the Conqueror gave the village to one of his barons, Geoffrey de Mandeville, for helping him win the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
    [Show full text]
  • Topic Key Foci Suggested Tasks/ Homework Information the Political
    Topic Key Foci Suggested Tasks/ Homework Information The Political Nation and the social What was the Political Nation? Mind map THE POLITICAL NATION: The Pages 1-8 basis of power Social basis of power Monarch, Basis of Power, Political Importance of land ownership and rival forms of Nation Revision Guide Page 6 wealth James I and Charles I: character, Characters of James and Charles Produce a table showing the Pages 9-16 court and favourites Shape and style of monarchies- each monarchs views differences in James and Charles’ view Favourites especially Buckingham on monarchy Revision Guide Pages 7-9 19. Crown and Political Nation, 1604-1640 The finances of the Crown and Financial weaknesses of the Crown- causes Construct a timeline from 1603-1629 Pages 17-26 attempts at reform Attempts to reform and strengthen royal finances that shows all attempts by both kings during James’ reign to reform and improve crown finances- Revision Guide Pages 10-13 Great Contract colour code successes in green and Attempts to reform and strengthen royal finances failures in red during Charles reign Forced Loan Religion and religious divisions Challenges to James’ church from Catholics Mind map JAMES I AND RELIGION: Pages 27-36 Challenges to James’ church from Puritans Puritans, Scottish Kirk, Catholics Hampton Court Conference Revision Guide Pages 14-17 Bancroft’s Canons Mind map RELIGIOUS ISSUES UNDER Development of Arminianism CHARLES: Charles’ religious views, 18. Street Wars of Religion: Puritans and Charles’ favouring of Arminianism
    [Show full text]
  • The Theology of Grace in the Thought of Jacobus Arminius and Philip Van Limborch: a Study in the Development of Seventeenth Century Dutch Arminianism
    The Theology of Grace in the Thought of Jacobus Arminius and Philip van Limborch: A Study in the Development of Seventeenth Century Dutch Arminianism By John Mark Hicks A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Westminster Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy 1985 Faculty Advisor: Dr. Richard C. Gamble Second Faculty Reader: Mr. David W. Clowney Chairman, Field Committee: Dr. D. Claire Davis External Reader: Dr. Carl W. Bangs 2 Dissertation Abstract The Theology of Grace in the Thought of Jacobus Arminius and Philip van Limborch: A Study in the Development of Seventeenth Century Dutch Arminianism By John Mark Hicks The dissertation addresses the problem of the theological relationship between the theology of Jacobus Arminius (1560-1609) and the theology of Philip van Limborch (1633-1712). Arminius is taken as a representative of original Arminianism and Limborch is viewed as a representative of developed Remonstrantism. The problem of the dissertation is the nature of the relationship between Arminianism and Remonstrantism. Some argue that the two systems are the fundamentally the same, others argue that Arminianism logically entails Remonstrantism and others argue that they ought to be radically distinguished. The thesis of the dissertation is that the presuppositions of Arminianism and Remonstrantism are radically different. The thesis is limited to the doctrine of grace. There is no discussion of predestination. Rather, the thesis is based upon four categories of grace: (1) its need; (2) its nature; (3) its ground; and (4) its appropriation. The method of the dissertation is a careful, separate analysis of the two theologians.
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo-Habsburg Relations and the Outbreak of the War of Three Kingdoms, 1630-1641
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Charles I and the Spanish Plot: Anglo-Habsburg Relations and the Outbreak of the War of Three Kingdoms, 1630-1641 A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by Patrick Ignacio O’Neill March 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Thomas Cogswell, Chairperson Dr. Randolph Head Dr. Georg Michels Copyright by Patrick Ignacio O’Neill 2014 The Dissertation of Patrick Ignacio O’Neill is approved: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bertolt Brecht posed the question, “Young Alexander conquered India./ He alone?” Like any great human endeavor, this dissertation is not the product of one person’s solitary labors, but owes much to the efforts of a great number of individuals and organizations who have continually made straight my paths through graduate school, through archival research, and through the drafting process. First and foremost, I would like to thank my dissertation chair, Dr. Thomas Cogswell, for his excellent guidance throughout my years at the University of California, Riverside. When I arrived as a first-year graduate student, I had very little certainty of what I wanted to do in the field of Early Modern Britain, and I felt more than a bit overwhelmed at the well-trod historiographical world I had just entered. Dr. Cogswell quickly took me under his wing and steered me gently through a research path that helped me find my current project, and he subsequently took a great interest in following my progress through research and writing. I salute his heroic readings and re-readings of drafts of chapters, conference papers, and proposals, and his perennial willingness to have a good chat over a cup of coffee and to help dispel the many frustrations that come from dissertation writing.
    [Show full text]