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Metafísica Da Luz E a Absorção Do Corpo Pelo Espírito No Pensamento De Gregório Palamas

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Metafísica Da Luz E a Absorção Do Corpo Pelo Espírito No Pensamento De Gregório Palamas Filosofia Metafísica da luz e a absorção do corpo pelo Espírito no pensamento de Gregório Palamas Patrícia Joana do Nascimento Calvário D 2019 Patrícia Joana do Nascimento Calvário Metafísica da luz e a absorção do corpo pelo Espírito no pensamento de Gregório Palamas Tese realizada no âmbito do Doutoramento em Filosofia, orientada pelo(a) Professor(a) Doutor(a) José Francisco Preto Meirinhos Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto Maio de 2019 A preparação desta tese beneficiou de uma bolsa de doutoramento atribuída pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Ref.ª SFRH/BD/99959/2014) Metafísica da luz e a absorção do corpo pelo Espírito no pensamento de Gregório Palamas Patrícia Joana do Nascimento Calvário Tese realizada no âmbito do Doutoramento em Filosofia, orientada pelo(a) Professor(a) Doutor(a) José Francisco Preto Meirinhos Membros do Júri Presidente: Doutora Zulmira da Conceição Trigo Gomes Marques Coelho Santos Vogais: Doutora Maria Leonor Lamas de Oliveira Xavier, Doutor José Maria da Silva Rosa, Doutor José Francisco Preto Meirinhos, Doutora Maria Celeste Lopes Natário Alves dos Santos, Doutora Paula Cristina Moreira da Silva Pereira, Doutora Paula Isabel do Vale Oliveira e Silva. Ao Maurice Aspali Sumário Declaração de honra ...................................................................................................................... 8 Agradecimentos ............................................................................................................................. 9 Resumo ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... 13 1. Introdução ........................................................................................................................... 14 1.1. Gregório Palamas ............................................................................................................. 14 1.2. Hesicasmo ........................................................................................................................ 17 1.3. Monaquismo ..................................................................................................................... 19 1.4. Polémica com Barlaão ...................................................................................................... 22 1.5. Filosofia e teologia ........................................................................................................... 24 1.6. Energeiai .......................................................................................................................... 25 1.7. Metafísica da luz .............................................................................................................. 28 1.8. Questões e percurso a desenvolver ................................................................................... 30 2. O problema e a sua história ..................................................................................................... 36 2.1. Recepção de Palamas na contemporaneidade .................................................................. 42 2.2. Génese da controvérsia hesicasta ..................................................................................... 60 2.2.1. Processão do Espírito Santo no debate com Barlaão ................................................. 60 2.2.2. Filioque ..................................................................................................................... 63 2.2.3. A demonstração em teologia na polémica entre Barlaão e Palamas ......................... 65 2.3. Críticas aos hesicastas ...................................................................................................... 79 2.3.1. As obras de Palamas e a polémica hesicasta ............................................................. 79 2.3.2. Primeiras críticas à concepção de iluminação ........................................................... 87 3. Método psicofísico .................................................................................................................. 93 3.1. Componentes .................................................................................................................... 98 3.1.1. Fórmula ..................................................................................................................... 99 3.1.2. Adições tardias ........................................................................................................ 101 3.1.3. … Para os inexperientes .......................................................................................... 112 4. Lugar do coração ................................................................................................................... 123 4.1. Coração .......................................................................................................................... 123 4.1.1. Centro natural .......................................................................................................... 126 4.1.2. Localização do intelecto no corpo ........................................................................... 128 6 4.1.3. Centro metafísico .................................................................................................... 132 5. Fenomenologia da corporalidade .......................................................................................... 153 5.1. Imagem de Deus ............................................................................................................. 154 5.2. Estado pós-lapsário ........................................................................................................ 155 5.3. Impassibilidade .............................................................................................................. 162 6. Deificação pela luz incriada .................................................................................................. 167 6.1. Visão beatífica ................................................................................................................ 168 6.2. Participação na luz incriada ............................................................................................ 170 6.3. Efeitos da deificação ...................................................................................................... 183 6.3.1. Escatologia antecipada do corpo ............................................................................. 183 6.3.2. Sentidos intelectuais ................................................................................................ 192 6.3.3. Modo de visão da luz/percepção da luz ................................................................... 198 6.4. Visão da luz na vida futura ............................................................................................ 209 6.5. Conhecimento espiritual ................................................................................................. 215 6.5.1. Teoria da iluminação ............................................................................................... 215 7. Metafísica da luz ............................................................................................................... 225 7.1. Transfiguração: da luz do Logos à luz hesicasta ............................................................ 227 7.1.1. Breve sumário das interpretações da Transfiguração de Cristo .............................. 227 7.1.2. Natureza da luz na experiência pessoal (hesicasta) ................................................. 236 7.2. A enipostacidade da luz .................................................................................................. 237 8. De «Deus é luz» a Deus como «essência» e «energia»: questões que subsistem ................. 253 9. Conclusão .............................................................................................................................. 265 ANEXOS................................................................................................................................... 270 Bibliografia ............................................................................................................................... 278 1. Fontes ................................................................................................................................ 278 1.1. Obras de Gregório Palamas (edições críticas e traduções) ......................................... 278 1.2. Outras fontes .............................................................................................................. 279 2. Autores Antigos, Medievais e do início da Idade Moderna .............................................. 280 3. Estudos .............................................................................................................................. 287 4. Léxicos, dicionários e enciclopédias ................................................................................. 306 7 Declaração de honra Declaro que a presente tese é de minha autoria e não foi utilizado previamente noutro curso ou unidade curricular, desta ou de outra instituição. As referências a outros autores (afirmações, ideias, pensamentos) respeitam escrupulosamente as regras da atribuição, e encontram-se devidamente indicadas no texto e nas referências bibliográficas, de acordo com as normas de referenciação.
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