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Bligh Grant · Tod Moore · Tony Lynch Editors Pauline Hanson's One Bligh Grant · Tod Moore · Tony Lynch Editors The Rise of Right- Populism Pauline Hanson’s One Nation and Australian Politics The Rise of Right-Populism Bligh Grant • Tod Moore Tony Lynch Editors The Rise of Right-Populism Pauline Hanson’s One Nation and Australian Politics 123 Editors Bligh Grant Tony Lynch Institute for Public Policy School of Humanities, and Governance Arts and Social Sciences University of Technology Sydney University of New England Ultimo, NSW, Australia Armidale, NSW, Australia Tod Moore Newcastle Business School University of Newcastle Australia Newcastle, NSW, Australia ISBN 978-981-13-2669-1 ISBN 978-981-13-2670-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2670-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018955923 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Contents 1 Introduction .......................................... 1 Bligh Grant Part I Ideation 2 One Nation and Militant Democracy ....................... 29 Graham Maddox 3 Pauline Hanson’s One Nation: Right-Populism in a Neoliberal World ................................... 43 Tony Lynch 4 Pauline Hanson, One Nation (PHON) and Right-Wing Protective Popular Nationalism: Monocultural Tendencies at the Expense of Social Cohesion .......................... 63 Belinda J. Flannery and Susan E. Watt Part II Election 5 One Nation and the Heartland’s Cleavage: An Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis ................................... 79 Ben Reid and Gang-Jun Liu 6 Pauline Hanson, Personality, and Electoral Fortunes ........... 103 Raphaella Kathryn Crosby Part III Politics and Policy 7 One Nation and Indigenous Reconciliation ................... 145 Simon Burgess 8 “Manning Up” with Pauline Hanson: Playing the Gender Card, Again .................................... 167 Jim Jose v vi Contents 9 Rebranded Pauline Hanson: A Party of Policy or Protest? ....... 179 Jo Coghlan Part IV Comparison 10 Once as Tragedy and Again as Farce: Hansonism, Backlashers, and Economic Nationalism After 20 Years ................... 203 Tod Moore 11 Shifting Repertoires of Populism and Neo-Nationalism: Austria and Brexit Britain ............................... 217 Alan Scott Index ...................................................... 237 Contributors Simon Burgess University of New England Business School, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia Jo Coghlan School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia Raphaella Kathryn Crosby College of Arts, Society and Education (CASE), James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia Belinda J. Flannery School of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia Bligh Grant Institute for Public Policy and Governance, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, Australia Jim Jose Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia Gang-Jun Liu Geo-Spatial Sciences, School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia Tony Lynch School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia Graham Maddox School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia Tod Moore Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia Ben Reid Geo-Spatial Sciences, School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, VIC, Australia vii viii Contributors Alan Scott School of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia Susan E. Watt School of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia List of Figures Fig. 4.1 Results of the cluster analysis showing psychological characteristics of the three RWPPN groups (low, med, high) ..................................... 71 Fig. 5.1 One Nation’s 2016 Senate vote percentage heat map. Source Derived from AEC (2016) .............................. 85 Fig. 5.2 Nebo polling booth 2016 catchment area. Source Authors ..... 88 Fig. 5.3 Spatial distribution of One Nation 2016 Senate vote percentage in Queensland. Source Authors .......................... 90 Fig. 5.4 Typology of zones by voter type in Queensland. Source Authors ...................................... 91 Fig. 5.5 The Indigenous Zone. Source Authors..................... 92 Fig. 5.6 Low One Nation voting (urban) zone. Source Authors ........ 92 Fig. 5.7 Medium One Nation supporting zone. Source Authors ........ 93 Fig. 5.8 The mining heartland. Source The Authors ................. 96 Fig. 5.9 The agricultural heartland. Source The Authors.............. 97 Fig. 6.1 2016 PHON campaign flyer: Halal certification and Islam section. Source Excerpt from Pauline Hanson’s One Nation (2016). Bringing Back Australian Values: Federal Policy Guide, pamphlet. Downloaded from Pauline Hanson’s One Nation Website, 10 August 2017, http://www.onenation.com.au/ LiteratureRetrieve.aspx?ID=155063 ....................... 120 Fig. 6.2 “No More” Facebook post on Pauline Hanson’s Please Explain page (Hanson 2015)................................... 121 ix List of Tables Table 4.1 Demographic information of the three audience segments ..... 72 Table 5.1 Socio-economic and cultural variables.................... 87 Table 5.2 One Nation 2016 electoral results ....................... 93 Table 6.1 Personalities associated with AEC registered micro parties 2013 and 2016...................................... 106 Table 6.2 AEC registered parties with observed populism characteristics that contested the 2013 or 2016 federal elections ........... 115 Table 6.3 2013 and 2016 Australian Senate elections: parties with personality figures compared ....................... 123 Table 6.4 2013 and 2016 Australian Senate elections: Micro parties with Group A personalities that contested both elections polling over 1%, State figures where personality was candidate ...... 126 Table 6.5 2013 and 2016 Australian Senate elections: ALL micro political parties with observed populism platforms compared .................................. 128 Table 6.6 2013 and 2016 Australian Senate elections: right wing micro parties with observed populist platforms vote compared ...... 130 Table 6.7 2013 and 2016 Australian Senate elections: Left wing center micro parties with observed populism platforms compared .... 131 Table 6.8 2013 and 2016 Australian Senate elections: parties with observed pure-populist (indirect voting) platforms compared .................................. 131 Table 6.9 2013 and 2016 Australian Senate elections: micro parties with both observed populist platforms and personality figures compared .................................... 132 xi Chapter 1 Introduction Bligh Grant Abstract If viewed merely in term of Australia’s electoral politics, Pauline Hanson and her Party are of minimal interest compared with the main political parties and are prone to dysfunction at the parliamentary level. However, if we choose to look at their impact upon Australian politics more generally and society writ large, they have unquestionably played a salient role since 1996. Noting that Hanson has now enjoyed two iterations of electoral success in Australia’s federation, the first in the 1990s and the second from 2016, the literature generated from the first iteration is reviewed. The issue of racism, particularly toward Australia’s Indigenous popu- lation, and more pointedly the hostility directed toward a state that was perceived as favoring Indigenous Australians are discussed, alongside the policy themes of immigration, engagement with Asia, economic policy, and the broader impact that Hanson was having on Australia’s polity. The emergent literature on populism, in particular in Australia, is also examined. The discussions contained in this book are then described, organized into the four themes of IDEATION, ELECTION, POL- ICY AND POLITICS, and COMPARISON. Circling back to the concept of populism and the nature of Australian politics, we argue that populism generally, and right- populism in particular, will continue to have an impact upon Australian
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