ABPL 90085 CULTURE OF BUILDING

medieval construction COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969

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do not remove this notice the medieval mason masons replacing a column drum, from a medieval manuscript

John Fitchen, The Construction of Gothic Cathedrals (Oxford 1961), pl 1 construction of a church from a C15th ms of the life of Girart de Roussillon & Berthe

Christine Flon [ed], The World Atlas of Archaeology (London 1985), p 129 tower of Laon Cathedral, c 1190, from the sketchbook of Villard de Honnecourt

Erlande-Brandenberg, The Cathedral Builders, p 84 modern view Fine Arts, Melbourne University Tower of Laon Cathedral, c 1190, from the sketchbook of Villard de Honnecourt Erlande-Brandenberg, The Cathedral Builders, p 84 Strasbourg Cathedral, 1179 (choir & transepts), 1230-1365 (nave and west front) project for the façade, c 1260 & detail drawing of west front, c 1360-5 Erlande-Brandenberg, The Cathedral Builders, pp 76, 70 Notre-Dame-du-Port, Clermont-Ferrand engraving of building elements, on the south terrace floor above the choir, late C13th

Robert Mark, Architectural Technology (Cambridge [Massachusetts] 1993), p 3 Gothic construction, schematic diagram

J H Acland, Medieval Structure: the Gothic Vault (Toronto 1972), p 159 wooden scaffolding, in the construction of a tower, C13th

Erlande- Brandenberg, The Cathedral Builders, p 28 putlog scaffolding John Fitchen, Building Construction before Mechanization (Cambridge [Massachusetts] 1986), p 86 mason's labourers, C13th

MUAS 2,759 visit of King Offa of Mercia to the works at St Albans, from Matthew Paris, Life of St Alban, c 1250 Thierry Hatot, Batisseurs au Moyen Age (Clermont-Ferrand 1999), p 56 rotating hoist

plumb bob & level

platform on putlocks

drawing by G Binding, from a bible, beginning of the 13th century. John Rylands Library, Manchester, Ms. Fr5, fol 6.

Rolf Toman [ed], Romanesque Architecture Sculpture Painting (H.F. Ullmann, Potsdam 2010 [2004]), p 16 foundation of an abbey Alain Erlande-Brandenberg, The Cathedral Builders of the Middle Ages (London 1995 [1993]), p 11 construction of the Tower of Babel, from Rudolf von Ems, Weltchronik

Erlande- Brandenberg, The Cathedral Builders, p 100

a great wheel, from the sarcophagus of the Haterii family. Rome, late AD C1st.

Durm, Baukunst der Römer, p 365; in Fitchen, Building Construction, p 96 scene from Schilling, 'The Bern Chronicle', 1484-5, showing a treadmill crane loading stone on a barge

Erlande- Brandenberg, The Cathedral Builders, p 111 treadmill, reconstruction drawing Hatot, Batisseurs au Moyen Age, p 70 surviving treadmill, from the base of the spire of Salisbury Cathedral Erlande-Brandenberg, The Cathedral Builders, p 123 reconstruction of Troy, from a C15th manuscript by Jean de Colombe; building under construction, C15th Erlande-Brandenberg, The Cathedral Builders, p 123; René Alleau, History of the Great Building Constructions, p 65. Romanesque vaulting St.-Savin-sur- Gartempe, France, 1075 onwards

MUAS 9894 scaffolding [centering] for a barrel vault John Fitchen, The Construction of Gothic Cathedrals (Oxford 1961), p 3 stone-weighted rope device Fitchen, Construction of Gothic Cathedrals, p 182 system of groin vault centering where the formwork is continuous longitudinally Fitchen, Construction of Gothic Cathedrals, p 52 Qasr Amra, Jordan, c AD 711: hall roof with three parallel barrel vaults

Henri Stierlin, Islam Volume I: Early Achitecture from Baghdad to Cordoba (Taschen, Köln 1996), p 72 St-Philibert, Tournus

plan & section

Gustav Künstler, Romanesque Art in Europe (London 1969), p 25 St-Philibert, Tournus

nave

François Souchal, Art of the Early Middle Ages (New York 1968), pl 74 St-Philibert, Tournus: diagram

Conant, Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, p 81 St-Philibert, Tournus: vaulting diagram

Cecil Stewart, Early Christian, Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture (London 1954), p 146 Speyer Cathedral: reconstruction of the original nave of c 1030-1061, and modern view Lehmann, Der Fruhe Deutsche Kirchenbau, pl 17, fig 37 Souchal, Art of the Early Middle Ages (New York 1968), p 101 Intersecting & domical vaults Stewart, Early Christian &c Architecture, p 143 St-Étienne, Abbaye-aux- Hommes, 1067-81 and 1115 sexpartite vaulting diagram

Pugin & Le Keux, Architectural Antiquities of Normandy, p,l iv; Stewart, Early Christian, &c, p 145 sexpartite vault apparently from the Tour de la Garde Robe, Palais des Papes, Avignon, now in the Cité de l'Architecture, Paris Miles Lewis pseudo-sexpartite and sexpartite vaulting Stewart, Early Christian, &c, p 145 diaphragm wall arch

Ste-Trinité, Abbaye-aux-Dames, Caen, begun 1062: nave Sacred Destinations, © Allie Caulfield Ste-Trinité, Abbaye-aux- Dames, Caen, begun 1062 nave interior & detail

Conant, Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture, pl 165 Gustav Künstler, Romanesque Art in Europe (London 1969) pl 70 intersecting, domed-up & stilted vaults Stewart, Early Christian &c Architecture, pp 143, 144 vaulting over square and oblong bays, using stilted arches Cecil Stewart, Early Christian, Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture (London 1954), p 144 Gothic vaulting Durham Cathedral, 1093-1138 &c, north choir aisle vaulting

Miles Lewis using the pointed form three arches (the wall, the transverse and the diagonal) can start from the same base and reach the same height without stilting

pointed vault & scaffolding Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 82 Durham Cathedral nave

Scala 8426, © 1972 Durham, detail of nave vault MUAS 15,215 quadripartite and sexpartite vaults Cichy, Great Ages of Architecture, p 429 intersecting pointed vaults Diapofilm 5433 JH-1

Chartres: detail of nave vaulting, C13th Éditions Houvet, 59 transverse rib

diagonal rib

wall rib

Chartres: detail of nave vaulting, C13th Éditions Houvet, 59 no ridge rib

Chartres: detail of nave vaulting, C13th Éditions Houvet, 59 pointed ribbed vaults: French and English methods

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 37 Salamanca old cathedral, 1120-78: nave

Rolf Toman [ed], Romanesque Architecture Sculpture Painting (H.F. Ullmann, Potsdam 2010 [2004]), p 204 English vaulting

the ridge rib the tierceron the lierne

the stellar vault the fan vault quadripartite vaults with ridge ribs: left, on a square bay; right, on an oblong bay

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 38 reflected plans of the nave vaults of Chartres Cathedral, begun c 1194, and Lincoln Cathedral, begun 1192 Pevsner, Outline of European Architecture, p 105 tierceron vault

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 40 Exeter Cathedral

nave

http://www.sacred- destinations.com/englan d/exeter-cathedral- pictures/h-5381.JPG Exeter nave vault: detail Rickitt Encyclopedia 18,035 Salisbury, Chapter House, interior view & engraving by Buckler http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/salisbury-cathedral-pictures/eos2_048.jpg Whittingham, Salisbury Chapter House, fig 1 Salisbury Chapter House: vault http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/salisbury-cathedral-pictures/eos2_043.jpg two lierne vaults: Tewkesbury Abbey, c 1120, nave vault after 1321; Bristol Cathedral choir, rebuilt 1311-1340 MUAS 15,226; Elfincolor 338A1 a lierne vault

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 42 Norwich Cathedral, 1175- 8 with C15th vaulting

view of nave

Miles Lewis Norwich: view of vault, C15th Miles Lewis Norwich: detail of vault, C15th MUAS 5,021 Winchester Cathedral, view of Norman nave & choir, 1079-93: nave vault by William Wynford, c 1450

Walton Colour, Winchester no 15 Winchester

stellar vault

Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 129 King's College Chapel, Cambridge, 1446-1515: begun by Reginald Ely, fan vault by John Wastell

Jarrold a fan vault Cichy, Great Ages of Architecture, p 429 fan vault on a square bay

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 44 fan vault on a rectangular bay

Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 45 Sherborne Abbey, Dorset, choir vault, after 1446 diagram showing use of carved stones plus rib and panel, forming fan conoids with lierne ribs

Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 159 Chapel Royal, Hampton Court

ceiling of 1535-6

J H Plumb, Royal Heritage (London 1977), p 67 Continental late Gothic Salamanca nave vault, by Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón, J C Palacios, 'The Gothic Ribbed Vault in Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón', in Malcolm Dunkeld et al [eds], Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Construction History (3 vols, Cambridge 2006), III, p 2418 Segovia Cathedral sacristy vault, by Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón, late 16th century, reconstruction

Salamanca Cathedral, ambulatory of the chapel of Santo Cristo de las Batalhas, vault, by Juan de Ribero Rada, 1525-1600

Palacios, 'The Gothic Ribbed Vault’, pp 2425, 2423 St Vitus, Prague

nave

Miles Lewis St Vitus, vault of the south portal, c 1367 MUAS 15,251 St Barbara, Kutna Hora, Bohemia [Czech Republic], 1481-1548

nave vault

History of Western Art, 15/4 Vladislav Hall or Hall of Homage in the Royal Palace (Kralovsily Palac), Hradcany Castle, Prague, by Benedikt Ried, 1493- 1503

unbranded commercial slide 'Prazsky hrad Vladislavsky sal' cellular or folded vaulting Albrechtsburg Castle, Meissen, Germany view; vault by Arnold of Westphalia, c 1475-80

http://www.albrechtsburg.de/12.98.html?&L=1 Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 202 Bishop's Castle at Meissen, Germany, ribless cellular vault with stellar pattern

Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 227 Church of the Assumption of the Virgin, Franciscan Monastery, Bechynĕ,Czech Republic; St Catherine’s, Gdańsk, Poland Zoë Opačić, Diamond Vaults: Innovation and Geometry in Medieval Architecture (Architectural Association, London 2005), pls 1, 25 prismatic cellular vaults c 1475-1500, at Chomutov, Greinberg & Würtzen

Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 229 Hammam of the Bazar-e Khan , Yazd, Iran

Porter & Thévenart, Palaces and Gardens of Persia, p 53 construction of a diamond vault

M & O Rada, Kniha o Sklípkových Klenbách (Prague 1998) unspecified dome, Iran

diamond vault in Europe

Environmental Communications: Islamic Architecture in Persia, 4; M & O Rada, Kniha o Sklípkových Klenbách (Prague 1998) the flying buttress forces in a buttress

a flying buttress at Chartres Cathedral

F E Kidder & Thomas Nolan, The Architects' and Builders' Handbook (17th ed, Wiley, New York 1921 [1884]), p 303 MUAS 15,127 thrust of nave vaulting History of Western Art [slide series], 14/3 Durham abutting wall above the aisles

Cichy, Great Ages of Architecture, p 401 the concealed buttress: Durham Cathedral choir, late C11th, & diagram History of Western Art [slide series], 14/3 Cluny III reconstruction model by Conant

Pevsner, Outline of European Architecture, p 74 flying buttresses: diagram History of Western Art [slide series], 15/1 St-Germain-des-Prés, Paris: view of the choir, altered 1163 Miles Lewis Nôtre-Dame-de- Paris, 1163 - c 1250 buttresses of the choir

Miles Lewis flying buttresses left: Nôtre Dame, Dijon: diagram of the masonry after Viollet-le-Duc right: Malmesbury Abbey Church, England, c 1140- 50

Acland, The Gothic Vault, p 96 Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 47 Chartres Cathedral, rebuilt 1194-1250

west front

MUAS 11,424 Chartres half section & view of buttresses

MUAS 15,127 Éditions Houvet, LA 72 Chartres, details of buttresses Éditions Houvet, LA 92A, 73 Amiens Cathedral: the chevet, 1220-1288: view & diagram MUAS 2,969; from Viollet-le-Duc Beauvais, 1247-1568: from the south La Goélette Beauvais: choir, half section La Goélette ; Stewart, Gothic Architecture, p 91 Beauvais

exterior of the chevet

La Goélette. Islamic influence cross ribbed vault, Qasr Harane [Kharana], Jordan, c 710 Ignacio Arce, 'Umayyad Arches’, p 197 ribbed vaults of the Bab al Mardun Mosque, Toledo, Spain, late C11th Arce, ‘Diaphragm Arches’, p 232 the Great Mosque [Mezquita Aljama], Cordova, begun 785, continued 833- 48, 961-76 &c: dome of the mihrab

'Cordoba La Mezquita no 9 Cupola del Mihrab Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Torres del Rio (Navarre), Spain, late C12th – early C13th, dome from below

Rolf Toman [ed], Romanesque Architecture Sculpture Painting (H.F. Ullmann, Potsdam 2010 [2004]), p 211 the rib & web dome

Cathedral, Zamorra, Spain Cathedral, Tarragona, Spain San Antonio, Padua, Italy Cathedral, Zamora, Spain, 1151-74, dome from the west Miles Lewis Cathedral, Zamora, Spain,1151-74: dome from below Miles Lewis Cathedral, Tarragona begun c 1171, choir consecrated 1204:[1] view of nave; view under the dome Scala 8,499, 8500 (1967) San Antonio, Padua, 1232-1307 Heinrich Klotz, Filippo Brunelleschi: the Early Works and the Medieval Tradition (London 1990), p 138