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External Features of Cypselas of Some Species of Compositae, with the Help of Lm

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External Features of Cypselas of Some Species of Compositae, with the Help of Lm Bidyut Kr. Jana et al. / International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR) EXTERNAL FEATURES OF CYPSELAS OF SOME SPECIES OF COMPOSITAE, WITH THE HELP OF LM Bidyut Kr. Jana and Sobhan Kr. Mukherjee Taxonomy and Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani !Email: [email protected] Abstract The present study deals with the detailed external features of cypselas in 9 species belonging to 7 genera of the family Compositae. All the studied species exhibit different external features. Except Inula ensifolia, all the studied species are homomorphic. Morphologically, pappus structure is also important. In the cypsela of Telekia speciosa, Aster alpinus , scaly pappus are present. In the cypsela of Elephantopus carolinianus, sitae type of pappus is present. In the cypselas of remaining studied species, barbellate pappus bristles are present. Layer of carpopodial cells are also variable and varies from 1-7 layers in studied species. In the cypsela of Aster alpines, stylopodium is enlarge and prominent. Among the studied cypselas, some cypselas are with slightly curved ( Inula ensifolia, Inula Britannica, Inula helenium ) in direction. Surface hairs are alwase, biseriately forked type. An artificial key is presented here to recognize the studied taxa at the specific level. Keywords: External features of cypselas, Compositae Introduction Asteraceae are a highly specialized and moderately advanced family of dicotyledons, containing 3 subfamilies, 17 tribes, 82 subtribes, 1535 genera and 23,000 species (Bremer, 1994 ). The indehiscent one seeded fruit of the Asteraceae is commonly called as cypsela, which is attached to the receptacle by carpopodium. The external features of cypselas are also variable and helps in the classification of taxa when, floral stage is absent. The external features of cypselas are- size, shape, colour, orientation of cypsela in relation to receptacle, nature of pappus bristles, vascular trace, surface hair etc which are very important in the separation of taxa. The available literature about the external features of cypselas have done by ( Bhar and Mukherjee, 2004; Jana and Mukherjee, 2012, Talukdar and Mukherjee, 2008 ). The present study is aimed to supplement the previous works, for better understanding of taxa, which may hely in reshaping the existing classification system. Materials and Methods Dried, identified, mature cypselas of 9 species were collected from the following Herberia, present in the table-1. ISSN : 0975-9492 Vol 3 No 12 Dec 2012 548 Bidyut Kr. Jana et al. / International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR) Table-1 Name of the Taxa Source of origin Inula britannica L. Botanischer Garten der Universitat Zurich, Switzerland. XXOZ- 20060389. 2008 Drawer . Inula ensifolia L. Botanischer Garten der Universitat Wien Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien , Austria Inula helenium L. Botanischer Garten der Universitat Zurich, Switzerland. 2006 Drawer Pulicaria dysenterica ( L.) Bernh. Botanischer Garten der Universitat Zurich, Switzerland. BEOZ – 19840270. 2004, Drawer . Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Botanischer Garten der Universitat Zurich, Switzerland. Baumg XXOBRISS-0000983. 2009, Drawer Aster alpinus L. Humboldt- Universitat Zu Berlin, Institut fur biologie, Spezielle Botanik u. Arboretum, Spathstra βe 80/81, D- 12437 Berlin, Germany. Felicia heterophylla (Cass.) Botanic Garden of the University of Copenhagen. Grau Sender- Hans V. Hansen, lic.scient., curator. Olearia ramulosa Benth. Botanic Garden of Adelaide, South Australia: South-east Region, Little Dip Conservation Park road, side by Lake edge. ( 370 10’ S, 1390 45’ E) Elephantopus carolinianus Botanic Garden of the University of Copenhagen, Raeusch. Denmark ; Sender- Hans V. Hansen, lic. Scient., curator. Collection number is- 323 E2231-0003*A G. Morphological observations were made on 3-6 mature cypselas per specimen. Some randomly selected cypselas were boiled in water and soaked in 2-6 % NaOH solution for 2-3 days. Cypselas were stained with 0.1% aqueous safranin solution and dissected under stereo dissecting binocular microscope and were mounted in Phenol Glycerin solution. Measurements were done with the help of ocular micrometer. Results and Discussion Inula britannica ( Fig 1 A-E, 3 A-D ) Morphology Cypsela homomorphic, 5 mm x 0.5 mm with pappus, 2 mm x 0.5 mm without pappus, light-brown, oblong, slightly curved, upper part truncate whereas basal part tapered. Ellipsoidal in cross sectional configuration.Surface glabrous, containing 8-10 ribs, alternating with furrow.Furrows wider than ribs. The distance between 2 ribs 0.1 mm. At the upper portion of cypsela stylopodium present, inconspicuously arranged. At the upper portion of cypsela pappus present, arranged in one row, homomorphic, represented by 14-16 unequally length, serrulate-setose type of bristles, white in colour, persistent. At the basal region of cypsela, carpopodium present, diameter same as the base of cypsela, symmetric, irregular ring like, more or less quadrangular. Carpopodial cells with thin-walled, polygonal, arranged in 4 rows. Inula ensifolia (Fig 1 F-J, 3 E-H ) Morphology Cypsela heteromorphic.Disk cypsela 8 mm x 2 mm including pappus, 2 mm x 2 mm excluding pappus, black, slightly curved, obovate, upper part truncate whereas lower part tapered. Ray cypsela 7 mm x 1 mm including pappus, 3 mm x 1 mm excluding pappus, black, straight, oblanciolate, upper part truncate whereas lower part tapered. Ellipsoidal in cross sectional configuration.Surface glabrous in both the cypsela, margin entire.Surface containing 11 ribs, conspicuous, alternating with furrow.Furrows wider than ribs. The distance between 2 ribs 0.11mm. At the upper part of cypsela, stylopodium present, enlarged, free. Upper part of cypsela, pappus present. In disk cypsela, pappus represented by 14-17, unequally arranged, serrulate-setose type of pappus bristles, white in colour. In ray cypsela, pappus represented by 17-22, unequally arranged, serrulate-setose type ISSN : 0975-9492 Vol 3 No 12 Dec 2012 549 Bidyut Kr. Jana et al. / International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR) of pappus bristles, yellowish in colour. At the basal region of cypsela, carpopodium present, diameter narrower than the base, symmetric, complete ring like. Carpopodial cells with thick-walled, arranged in 5-6 rows. Inula helenium ( Fig. 1 K-O, 3 I-K ) Morphology Cypsela homomorphic, 7 mm x 1.5 mm including pappus, 5 mm x 1.5 mm excluding pappus, yellow brown, striated, oblong, slightly curved, upper part truncate whereas lower part compressed, more or less rounded in cross section. Surface rough and glabrous, containing 14 ribs, alternating with furrow.Furrows wider than ribs. The distance between 2 ribs 0.01 mm. Upper part of cypsela, stylopodium present; inconspicuous, fully immersed in the nectar. At the upper portion of cypsela, pappus present, homomorphic, represented by serrulate- setose type of pappus bristles, unequal, 15 – 20 in number, white yellow in colour, persistent. At the basal region of cypsela, carpopodium present, narrow than the base, asymmetric. Carpopodial cells with thick-walled, cubical, arranged in single row. Pulicaria dysenterica ( Fig. 2 A-G, 3 L ) Morphology Cypsela homomorphic, 1.05 mm x 0.5 mm with pappus, 1 mm x 0.5 mm without pappus, brownish, straight, upper portion truncate whereas lower portion tapered. More or less cylindrical in cross section. Surface pubescent, containing 11 ribs, alternating with furrow. Furrows wider than ribs. The distance between 2 ribs0.01 mm. Surface hair ascending in orientation, made up of body and basal cell, biseriately forked type; tips of body cells of hair situated in different plane. At the upper portion of cypsela, stylopodium present, inconspicuously arranged. Upper portion of cypsela, pappus present, heteromorphic, arranged in 2 rows, represented by outer scaly pappus and inner pappusbristles; represented by 8-10 serrulate – setose type of bristles, unequal in length, white in colour. At the basal region of cypsela, carpopodium present, diameter narrower than the base of cypsela, symmetric. Carpopodial cells with thick-walled, madeup of radially elongated cells, arranged in single row. Telekia speciosa ( Fig. 2 H-L, 3 M-P ) Morphology Cypsela homomorphic, 3 mm x 1 mm including pappus, 2 mm x 1 mm excluding pappus, white brown, linear, straight, truncate at both ends. More or less cylindrical in cross section. Surface glabrous, containing 12 ribs, alternating with furrow. Furrows wider than ribs. The distance between 2 ribs 1.01 mm .Stylopodium present, unenlarged, fully immersed in the nectar. At the upper part of cypsela, scaly Pappus present, without vascular trace. At the basal region of cypsela, carpopodium present, narrow than the base, symmetric, incomplete, irregular ring like. Carpopodial cells with thick -walled, cubical in shape, arranged in single row. ISSN : 0975-9492 Vol 3 No 12 Dec 2012 550 Bidyut Kr. Jana et al. / International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR) ISSN : 0975-9492 Vol 3 No 12 Dec 2012 551 Bidyut Kr. Jana et al. / International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR) ISSN : 0975-9492 Vol 3 No 12 Dec 2012 552 Bidyut Kr. Jana et al. / International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR) Aster alpinus L. ( Fig. 1 A-F, 3 A-C ) ISSN : 0975-9492 Vol 3 No 12 Dec 2012 553 Bidyut Kr. Jana et al. / International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR) Morphology Cypsela homomorphic, 3 mm x 1 mm including pappus, 2.5 mm x 1 mm excluding pappus,
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