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Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
YIKA-VWAZA TRUST RESEARCH STUDY REPORT N (2017/18) Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi By Sopani Sichinga ([email protected]) September , 2019 ABSTRACT In 2018 – 19, a survey on vascular plants was conducted in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve. The reserve is located in the north-western Malawi, covering an area of about 986 km2. Based on this survey, a total of 461 species from 76 families were recorded (i.e. 454 Angiosperms and 7 Pteridophyta). Of the total species recorded, 19 are exotics (of which 4 are reported to be invasive) while 1 species is considered threatened. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (80 species representing 17. 4%), Poaceae (53 species representing 11.5%), Rubiaceae (27 species representing 5.9 %), and Euphorbiaceae (24 species representing 5.2%). The annotated checklist includes scientific names, habit, habitat types and IUCN Red List status and is presented in section 5. i ACKNOLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, let me thank the Nyika–Vwaza Trust (UK) for funding this work. Without their financial support, this work would have not been materialized. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Malawi through its Regional Office (N) is also thanked for the logistical support and accommodation throughout the entire study. Special thanks are due to my supervisor - Mr. George Zwide Nxumayo for his invaluable guidance. Mr. Thom McShane should also be thanked in a special way for sharing me some information, and sending me some documents about Vwaza which have contributed a lot to the success of this work. I extend my sincere thanks to the Vwaza Research Unit team for their assistance, especially during the field work. -
Phylogenetics, Flow-Cytometry and Pollen Storage in Erica L
Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Phylogenetics, flow-cytometry and pollen storage in Erica L. (Ericaceae). Implications for plant breeding and interspecific crosses. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr. agr.) der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn von Ana Laura Mugrabi de Kuppler aus Buenos Aires Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Referent: Prof. Dr. Jens Léon Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Jaime Fagúndez Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Dietmar Quandt Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15.11.2013 Erscheinungsjahr: 2013 A mis flores Rolf y Florian Abstract Abstract With over 840 species Erica L. is one of the largest genera of the Ericaceae, comprising woody perennial plants that occur from Scandinavia to South Africa. According to previous studies, the northern species, present in Europe and the Mediterranean, form a paraphyletic, basal clade, and the southern species, present in South Africa, form a robust monophyletic group. In this work a molecular phylogenetic analysis from European and from Central and South African Erica species was performed using the chloroplast regions: trnL-trnL-trnF and 5´trnK-matK , as well as the nuclear DNA marker ITS, in order i) to state the monophyly of the northern and southern species, ii) to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the species and contrasting them with previous systematic research studies and iii) to compare the results provided from nuclear data and explore possible evolutionary patterns. All species were monophyletic except for the widely spread E. arborea , and E. manipuliflora . The paraphyly of the northern species was also confirmed, but three taxa from Central East Africa were polyphyletic, suggesting different episodes of colonization of this area. -
Diabetes and Medicinal Plants: a Literature Review
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIDIABETIC COMPOUNDS FROM BRACHYLAENA DISCOLOR DC Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science By Sabeen Abdalbagi Elameen Adam School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg Supervisor: Professor Fanie R. van Heerden August 2017 ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus, which is a metabolic disease resulting from insulin deficiency or diminished effectiveness of the action of insulin or their combination, is recognized as a major threat to human life. Using drugs on a long term to control glucose can increase the hazards of cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new, safe, and effective antidiabetic drugs. Traditionally, there are several plants that are used to treat/control diabetes by South African traditional healers such as Brachylaena discolor. This study aimed to isolate and identify antidiabetic compounds from B. discolor. The plant materials of B. discolor was collected from University of KwaZulu-Natal botanical garden. Plant materials were dried under the fume hood for two weeks and ground to a fine powder. The powder was extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (1:1). To investigate the antidiabetic activity, the prepared extract was tested in vitro for glucose utilization in a muscle cell line. The results revealed that blood glucose levels greater than 20 mmol/L, which measured after 24 and 48 hours of the experimental period, three fractions had positive (*p<0.05) antidiabetic activity compared to the control. The DCM:MeOH (1:1) extract of B. discolor leaves was subjected to column chromatography, yielding five fractions (A, B, C, D, and E). -
University of Cape Town
The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Some consequences of woody plant encroachment in a mesic South African savanna Emma Fiona Gray Town Cape of Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a Master of Science Degree Supervisor UniversityProfessor William Bond Botany Department University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 March 2011 Acknowledgements My most sincere thanks go to my supervisor, Professor William Bond. There is no doubt that without his guidance, belief and support over the last two years I would still be sitting in front of a blank screen. Thanks for the passion, the inspiration and all the amazing opportunities. Thanks to Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife for allowing me to conduct my research in their park. Particular thanks go to Dr Dave Druce, for welcoming me into his research centre and giving me the staff and freedom I needed during my fieldwork. I am also extremely grateful to Geoff Clinning for his patience and willingness to help with all my data and GIS needs. Thanks to the Zululand Tree Project for logistical support during my field work. To my field assistants, Njabulo, Bheki and Ncobile, for their uncomplaining hard work in the most trying conditions. Without them I would have no data. -
1 March 27 a Few Days Ago, While Finding Refuge Indoors
1 March 27 A few days ago, while finding refuge indoors from the strong wind (mainly due to the dust factor), I was quite amazed how the dynamics of the landscape seem to change with wind. Although the wind was predominately from the west, the trees and other plants would sway in all directions. They would bend to the east, straighten up and then without hesitation sway to the south and then to the north! Confusing to try and determine the actual directional source but be that as it may there was another exciting element to it all. It was the graceful dance of continuity that had no formality or predetermined steps. I so enjoy seasonal changes as each one brings something different which is a requirement of our natural world. Changes in light and temperature wake some plants up while others take a break or just go to sleep. I often think wind is an overlooked characteristic of seasonal change and for many it is just another windy day resulting in irritation and inconvenience. We can’t live without it as it is responsible for rain, spreading fire, moving soils, seed, pollen, insects, bird migration and disease. It is the power behind land, sea and air travel and the smallest of gusts can take your hat off. Like so much of the natural world we cannot control it…thankfully. Movement brings life to the garden physically and through colour as leaves flutter and show the variation between top and underside. Unfortunately, this wonderful phenomenon, is rather lost in formal gardens due to the stiffness of man made lines and unnatural shapes. -
Brachylaena Elliptica and B. Ilicifolia (Asteraceae): a Comparative Analysis of Their Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, 2020, 10, 223-229 223 Brachylaena elliptica and B. ilicifolia (Asteraceae): A Comparative Analysis of their Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities Alfred Maroyi* Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa Abstract: Brachylaena elliptica and B. ilicifolia are shrubs or small trees widely used as traditional medicines in southern Africa. There is need to evaluate the existence of any correlation between the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the two species. Therefore, in this review, analyses of the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of B. elliptica and B. ilicifolia are presented. Results of the current study are based on data derived from several online databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. The articles published between 1941 and 2020 were used in this study. The leaves and roots of B. elliptica and B. ilicifolia are mainly used as a mouthwash and ethnoveterinary medicines, and traditional medicines for backache, hysteria, ulcers of the mouth, diabetes, gastro-intestinal and respiratory problems. This study showed that sesquiterpene lactones, alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, flavonols, phenols, proanthocyanidins, saponins and tannins have been identified from aerial parts and leaves of B. elliptica and B. ilicifolia. The leaf extracts and compounds isolated from the species exhibited antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities. There is a need for extensive phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies of crude extracts and compounds isolated from B. elliptica and B. ilicifolia. -
Plantarum 2011 2
INDEX PLANTARUM MMXI Centro di Ateneo “Orto Botanico dell’Università di Padova” Via Orto Botanico, 15 - 35123 Padova (ITALY) Tel +39/49/8272119 Fax +39/49/8272120 E-mail [email protected] PTERIDOPHYTA POLYPODIACEAE ADIANTACEAE Microsorum musifolium Adiantum bellum Microsorum punctatum Adiantum capillus-veneris Microsorum punctatum ‘Cristatum’ Adiantum hispidulum Microsorum pustulatum Adiantum macrophyllum Phlebodium aureum Adiantum reniforme Phlebodium aureum ‘Mandaianum’ Adiantum tenerum var. farleyense Platycerium bifurcatum var. bifurcatum Adiantum tenerum ‘Pallescens’ Platycerium grande Pellaea rotundifolia Polypodium australe Polypodium leiorhizum Polypodium vulgare ASPLENIACEAE Pyrrosia abbreviata Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Asplenium daucifolium Asplenium kaulfussii PTERIDACEAE Asplenium nidus Pteris cretica Asplenium ruta-muraria Pteris cretica ‘Albo-lineata’ Asplenium trichomanes subsp. trichomanes Pteris multifida Phyllitis scolopendrium subsp. scolopendrium Pteris tremula Pteris umbrosa Pteris vittata AZOLLACEAE Azolla filiculoides SALVINIACEAE Salvinia natans BLECHNACEAE Blechnum occidentale Woodwardia orientalis THELYPTERIDACEAE Woodwardia radicans Thelypteris palustris Woodwardia virginica WOODSIACEAE DAVALLIACEAE Athyrium filix-femina Davallia canariensis Cystopteris bulbifera Davallia tyermannii Diplazium esculentum Diplazium proliferum Matteuccia struthiopteris DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Microlepia platyphylla DRYOPTERIDACEAE Aspidium trifoliatum Cyrtomium caryotideum Cyrtomium falcatum Cyrtomium falcatum ‘Rochefordianum’ Dryopteris -
A Classification of the Subtropical Transitional Thicket in the Eastern Cape, Based on Syntaxonomic and Structural Attributes
S. Afr. J. Bot., 1987, 53(5): 329 - 340 329 A classification of the subtropical transitional thicket in the eastern Cape, based on syntaxonomic and structural attributes D.A. Everard Department of Plant Sciences, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140 Republic of South Africa Accepted 11 June 1987 Subtropical transitional thicket, traditionally known as valley bushveld, covers a significant proportion of the eastern Cape. This paper attempts to classify the subtropical transitional thicket into syntaxonomic and structural units and relate it to other thicket types on a continental basis. Twelve sites along a rainfall gradient were sampled for floristic and structural attributes. The floristic data were classified using TWINSPAN. Results indicate that the class subtropical transitional thicket has at least two orders of vegetation, namely kaffrarian thicket and kaffrarian succulent thicket. Two forms of thicket were recognized for both these orders viz. mesic kaffrarian thicket and xeric kaffrarian thicket for the kaffrarian thicket and mesic succulent thicket and xeric succulent thicket for the kaffrarian succulent thicket. Ordination of site data by DECORANA grouped sites according to these vegetation categories and in a sequence along axis 1 to which the rainfall gradient can be clearly related. Variation within the mesic kaffrarian thicket was however greater than between some of the other thicket types, indicating that more data are required before these forms of thicket can be formalized. Composition, endemism, diversity and the environmental controls on the distribution of the thicket types are discussed. 'n Aansienlike gedeelte van die Oos-Kaap word beslaan deur subtropiese oorgangsruigte, wat tradisioneel as valleibosveld bekend is. Hierdie studie is 'n poging om subtropiese oorgangsruigte in sintaksonomiese en strukturele eenhede te klassifiseer en dit op 'n kontinentale basis in verband met ander ruigtetipes te bring. -
Architectural Design Manual Constantia Nek Estate
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN MANUAL CONSTANTIA NEK ESTATE OWNERS ASSOCIATION Established in terms of Section 61 of the City of Cape Town Municipal Planning By-Law, 2015 Rev. 05 September 2020 CONTENTS ARCHITECTURAL RULES 1. Site Description 2. Vision 3. Objectives 4. Design Framework 4.1. Building Typologies 4.2. Building Envelope 4.3. Building Form 4.4. Floor Space 4.5. Roof Forms 4.5.1 Height 4.5.2 Width 4.5.3 Length 4.5.4 Roof Types 4.5.5 Roof Lights / Windows 4.5.6 Dormers 4.6. Solar Heating 4.7. Walls 4.8. Windows 4.9. Doors 4.10. Verandahs 4.11. Terraces 4.12. Balconies 4.13. Decks 4.14. Pergolas 4.15. Balustrading 4.16. Burglar Bars 4.17. Garaging 4.18. Waste Pipes 4.19. Retaining Structures 4.20. Perimeter Conditions 4.21. Gables 4.22. Eaves 4.23. Parapets 4.24. Gutters 4.25. Chimneys 4.26. Vehicular Access 4.27. Cabling 4.28. Outdoor Lighting 4.29. Laundry & Refuse Areas 4.30. Swimming Pools 4.31. Fire Precautions 4.32. Storm Water/External drainage 4.33. Numbering and Signage 4.34. Hard Surfaces 4.35. General 2 LANDSCAPING – PRIVATE ERVEN 1. Introduction 2. Garden Elements 3. Boundary Walls/Fences 4. Retaining walls/Steps/Ramps 5. Pergolas 6. Swimming Pools/Water Features 7. Gazebos/Summer Houses 8. Planting Elements 8.1 Screening 8.2 Planting Character 8.3 Plant List PRIVATE ERVEN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING, SUBMISSION & APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Architectural Review Committee (ARC) 2. Approval Process 3. Scrutiny Fees/ Deposit 4. Building Operations 5. -
Thesis Sci 2009 Bergh N G.Pdf
The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Systematics of the Relhaniinae (Asteraceae- Gnaphalieae) in southern Africa: geography and evolution in an endemic Cape plant lineage. Nicola Georgina Bergh Town Thesis presented for theCape Degree of DOCTOR OF ofPHILOSOPHY in the Department of Botany UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN University May 2009 Town Cape of University ii ABSTRACT The Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) houses a flora unique for its diversity and high endemicity. A large amount of the diversity is housed in just a few lineages, presumed to have radiated in the region. For many of these lineages there is no robust phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships, and few Cape plants have been examined for the spatial distribution of their population genetic variation. Such studies are especially relevant for the Cape where high rates of species diversification and the ongoing maintenance of species proliferation is hypothesised. Subtribe Relhaniinae of the daisy tribe Gnaphalieae is one such little-studied lineage. The taxonomic circumscription of this subtribe, the biogeography of its early diversification and its relationships to other members of the Gnaphalieae are elucidated by means of a dated phylogenetic hypothesis. Molecular DNA sequence data from both chloroplast and nuclear genomes are used to reconstruct evolutionary history using parsimony and Bayesian tools for phylogeny estimation. -
A Nomenclator of Diplostephium (Asteraceae: Astereae): a List of Species with Their Synonyms and Distribution by Country
32 LUNDELLIA DECEMBER, 2011 A NOMENCLATOR OF DIPLOSTEPHIUM (ASTERACEAE: ASTEREAE): A LIST OF SPECIES WITH THEIR SYNONYMS AND DISTRIBUTION BY COUNTRY Oscar M. Vargas Integrative Biology and Plant Resources Center, 1 University Station CO930, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 U.S.A Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Abstract: Since the description of Diplostephium by Kunth in 1820, more than 200 Diplostephium taxa have been described. In the absence of a recent revision of the genus, a nomenclator of Diplostephium is provided based on an extensive review of the taxonomic literature, herbarium material, and databases. Here, 111 species recognized in the literature are listed along with their reference citations, types, synonyms, subspecific divisions, and distributions by country. In addition, a list of doubtful names and Diplostephium names now considered to be associated with other taxa is provided. Resumen: Desde la descripcio´n del genero Diplostephium por Kunth en 1820, mas de 200 nombres han sido publicados bajo Diplostephium. En ausencia de un estudio taxono´mico actualizado, se presenta una lista de nombres de Diplostephium basada en una revisio´n extensiva de la literaura taxono´mica, material de herbario y bases de datos. En este estudio se listan las 111 especies reconocidas hasta ahora, incluyendo informacio´n acerca de la publicacio´n de la especie, tipos, sino´nimos, divisio´n subgene´rica y distribuciones por paı´s. Adicionalmente se provee una lista de nombres dudosos y nombres de Diplostephium que se consideran estar asociados con otros taxones. Keywords: Asteraceae, Astereae, Diplostephium, nomenclator. Diplostephium is a genus of small trees, (ROSMARINIFOLIA,FLORIBUNDA,DENTICU- shrubs, and sub-shrubs that range from LATA,RUPESTRIA, and LAVANDULIFOLIA 5 Costa Rica to northern Chile. -
01 Innerfrontcover40 2.Indd 1 8/27/2010 2:27:58 PM BOTHALIA
ISSN 0006 8241 = Bothalia Bothalia A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Vol. 40,2 Oct. 2010 TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE PRETORIA Obtainable from the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, Republic of South Africa. A catalogue of all available publications will be issued on request. BOTHALIA Bothalia is named in honour of General Louis Botha, first Premier and Minister of Agriculture of the Union of South Africa. This house journal of the South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, is devoted to the furtherance of botanical science. The main fields covered are taxonomy, ecology, anatomy and cytology. Two parts of the journal and an index to contents, authors and subjects are published annually. Three booklets of the contents (a) to Vols 1–20, (b) to Vols 21–25, (c) to Vols 26–30, and (d) to Vols 31–37 (2001– 2007) are available. STRELITZIA A series of occasional publications on southern African flora and vegetation, replacing Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens. MEMOIRS OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOUTH AFRICA The memoirs are individual treatises usually of an ecological nature, but sometimes dealing with taxonomy or economic botany. Published: Nos 1–63 (many out of print). Discontinued after No. 63. ANNALS OF KIRSTENBOSCH BOTANIC GARDENS A series devoted to the publication of monographs and major works on southern African flora.Published: Vols 14–19 (earlier volumes published as supplementary volumes to the Journal of South African Botany). Discontinued after Vol. 19. FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA (FPA) This serial presents colour plates of African plants with accompanying text.