The NAT ION A L HOR TICULTURAL MAGAZINE

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JOURNAL OF mE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

OCTOBER, 1934 The American Horticultural Society

PRESENT ROLL OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS March 1. 1934

OFFICERS President, Mr. Robert Pyle, West Grove, Penna. First Vice-President, Mr. Knowles A. Ryerson, 1601 Argonne Place, N. W., Washington, D. C. Second Vice-President, Mrs. Fairfax Harrison, Belvoir, Fauquier Co., Va. Secretary, C. C. Thomas, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma Park, D. C. Treasurer, Roy G. Pierce, S04 Aspen Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

DIRECTORS Terms ExpiJ'ing in 1934 Mrs. Clement S. Houghton, Chestnut F. J. Crider, Superior, Ariz. Hill, Mass. Mrs. Mortimer Fox, Peekskill, N. Y. Mrs. Horatio Gates Lloyd, Haver~ Mr. F. L. Mulford, Washington, D. C. ford, Pa. Mrs. Silas B. Waters, Cincinnati, O. Mr. D. Victor Lumsden, Washington, Dr. Earl B. White, Kensington, Md. D.C. Terms Expiring in 1935 Mr. J. Marion Shull, Chevy Chase, Mr. Fairman R. Furness, Media, Pa. Md.

THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Published by and for the Society B. Y. MORRISON, Editor

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Mr. Alfred Bates Mrs. J. Norman Henry Dr. Clement G. Bowers Mrs. Francis King Mrs. C. I. DeBevoise Miss Frances Edge McIlvaine Dr. W. C. Deming Mr. Carl Purdy Mr. Sherman R. Duffy Mr. C. A. Reed Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox Mr. J. Marion Shull Mr. Arthur D. Slavin

SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1933 Alexandria, Virginia, Garden Club, Bethesda Commumty Garden Club, Mrs. Francis Carter, President, Mrs. Smith, Episcopal High School, Bethesda, Md. Alexandria, Va . . ' Blackstone Garden Club, Mrs. A. G. Ingham, Pres., American Amaryllis Society, Wellsville, Virginia. Wyndham Hayward, Secretary, 2240 Fairbanks Avenue, California Garden Club Federation, Winter Park, Fla. Mrs. Leonard B. Slosson, Pres., 426 So. Arden Blvd .. American Fuchsia Society, Los Angeles, Calif. Miss Alice Eastwood, Secretary, Chestnut Hill Garden Club, California Academy of Sciences, Mrs. Edwin S. Webster, Pres., Golden Gate Park, 307 Hammond Street, San Franoisco, Calif. Chestnut Hill, Mass.

Publication Office, 1918 Harford Avenue, Baltimore, Md. Entered as second· class matter January Zl, 1932, at tbe Post Office at Baltimore, Md., under the Act of August 24, 1912. Chevy Chase (D. C.) Garden Club, Lake Forest Garden Club. Mrs. F. B. Weaver, Lake Forest, III. 5324 39th Street, N. W., Lake Washington Garden Club, Washington, D. C. M-rs. Harry L. Cae, Pres., . Chevy Chase (Md.) Garden Club, 3700 East Valley Street, Mrs. T. H. MacDonald, Seattle, Wash. 520 Maple Ridge Road, Montgomery Suburban Garden Club, Bethesda, Md. James c. Dulin, Jr., President, Civic Study Club, 325 High St., Friendship Hgts., Mrs. O. R. Bruson, Secretary, Chevy Chase, Md. Michigan, N. D. New England Gladiolus Society, Fairfax Garden Club, Mr. C. W . Brown, Secretary, Mrs. L. P . Tayloe, Secretary, 13 Park Road, Ashland, Mass. Vienna, Virginia. North End Flower Club, Fairfield Garden Club Mrs. M. W. Isle, Mrs. John R. Reyburn, 5229 University Way, 523 Old Post Road, Seattle, Wash. Fairfield, Conn. Northern Nut Growers' Association, Federated Garden Clubs of Cincinnati and Frank H. Frey, Pres., Vicinity, Room 930, La Salle St. Station, Mrs. Silas B. Waters, President Chicago, Ill. 2005 Edgecliff Point, Cincinnati, O. Pennsylvania Nut Growers' Association, Galesburg Horticultural Improvement So­ John W. Hershey, Secretary, ciety, Downingtown, Penna. C. Z. Nelson, Secretary, Potomac Rose Society, 534 Hawkinson Ave., Galesburg, Ill. Dr. H. E. Howe, Sec'y, Garden Club of Cindnnati, 706 Mills Bldg., Washington, D. C. Mrs. H. W. Nichols, 2345 Madison Road, Rock Garden Society of Ohio, E. Walnut HiIls, Cincinmati, O. Mrs. Frank Seinsheimer, Treasurer, 3421 Middleton Ave., Garden Club of Buzzard's Bay, Clifton, Cincinnati, O. Mrs. M. W. Wilcox, -350 Union St., New Bedford, Mass. Shaker Lakes Garden Club, Mrs. Frank B. Stearns, Garden Club of Madison, N. J., 15830 S. Park Blvd., Shaker HiIls, Mrs. Hubert Cheeseman, Sec'y, Cleveland, O. Academy Road, Madison, N. J. St. Louis Horticultural Society, Garden Club of Ohio, Missouri Botanical Garden, Mrs. Frank B. Stearns, Pres., St. Louis, Mo. 15830 S. Park Blvd., Shaker Heights, Takoma Hor,ticultural Club, Cleveland, Ohio Mrs. John Guill, Secretary, Garden Club of Peekskill, 227 Maple Ave., 118 Pine St., Peekskil.l, N. Y. Takoma Park. D. C. Garden Club of Somerset Hills, Talbot County Garden Club, Mrs. J. M. Ellsworth, Pres., Mr. James Dixon, President, Bernardsville, N. J. North Bend, Easton, Md. Georgia Horticultural Society, Terrace Park Garden Club, G. H. Firor, Sec'y, Mrs. VV. L. Brilmayer, President, Athens, Ga. Milford, Ohio. Georgetown Garden Club, Town and Country Garden Club, . Mrs. Howard Burnside, Rec. Sec'y., Mrs. Frederick Hinkle, Sec'y, 3010 PSt., N. W., Edwards Road and Walsh Place, Washington, D. C. Cincinnati, O. Hyattsville Horticultural Society, . Town and e::ountry Garden Club of Cleve· Mrs. Cha·r1es E. Holmes, Librarian, land, Mrs. W. H. Wood, Riverdale, Md. Anderson and Green Road. Indian Hill Garden Club, S. Euclid, Cleveland, O. Mrs. Robert Sattler, Pres., Winton Place Garden Club, Varner Road, R. F. D. 1, Sta. M .. Mrs. Otto Rosenfelter, President, Cincinnati. O. 737 Hard Ave., Winton Place, O. Kennedy Heights Garden Club, Worcester .County Horticultural Socie~, Mrs. Grace Golay, Cor. Sec'y, 30 Elm Street, 6514 Tyne Ave., Cincinnati, O. Worcester, Mass. [il The National Horticultural Magazine .

Vol. 13 Copyright, 1934, by THE AMERIOAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY No. 4

OCTOBER, 1934

CONTENTS

The Wild Sierras of Spain and Their Plants. DR. GUISEPPL ______309 Some Experiences With Annuals. HELEN M. Fox ______319 The Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland ______327 The Idealist in the Garden ______342 Arctomecon californicum. SUSAN DELANO McKELVEY ______349 The U tow ana Eugenia. D AVID F AIRCHILD______351 Notes on T ree-Hardiness. LEO N CROIZA L ______356 Blight Resistant Oriental Chestnuts in the Eastern United States. H. P. S TO KE .______~ ______. ______360 Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier in Northern British Columbia- IV. MARY G. HE NR Y______363 Perennials for Cut F lowers. STEPHEN F . HAMBLIN ______383 A Book or Two ______387 The Gardener's Pocketbook: Cistus purpur eus. ERI c W AL THER ______388 Correction ______~______388

Rock Gar d en V er 0 n icas ______~______388 P hlo x g lab errima ______390 P haedranassa viridifiora ______392 F 1'itillaria liliac ea. LESTER Row NTREL______392 L iliu111, t enuifoli~m4. HELEN M. Fox ______394 Saponaria ocymoides splendens. 1. N . ANDERSON ______396 V er b ena b onariensis ______398 Four Rocky Mountain Plants. K. N. MARRIAGL ______398 Prunus serrulata, Gyoiko. PAUL R USSELL ______402 Z i n nia angu s ti folia ______402 Comment. FRA NCES EDGE M elLV AI NE ______404

Published quarteFly by The American H orticultural Society. Publication office, 1918 Harford Ave., Baltimore, Md. Editorial office, Room 821, Washington Loan and Trust Building, Washingt0n, D . C: Contributions from all m embers are cordially invited and should be sent to the Editorial office. Adv,ertising Manager, Mr. J. S. Elms, P.O. Box 27, K ensington, Md. A subscripti0n to the magazine is included in the annual dues of all members; to non-members the price- is seventy­ five cents the copy, three dollars a year. [i-i] Eric Walther [See page 388]

Cistus purpureus The Wild Sierras of Spain and Their Plants

By DR. GUISEPPI

It has been said that Europe ends hins and mounta.ins of every va­ at the Pyrenees. But, however true riety of red and brown imaginable. this may be about other matters, it Machado, the great Spanish poet, . is not quite true about the flora, for says: "It is a land of ups and some of the Pyrenean plants are to downs. The roads sometimes hide be found on Montserrat and in the the men who pass by on their Picos de Europa but south of these donkeys. Then on a background of mountains the flora i., certainly dis­ reddening evening light there stands tinct from that of EurQpe and closer out the small plebeian figures clear to that of Morocco and it is for this as a star on the golden canvas of reason that the plants of Spain are the sunset. But if you climb up to so interesting, but why are they so the ridge and look over the country rare in cultivation? Surely because from the peaks where the eagles few collectors go to Spain and 1 nest, there are sunflowers of crim­ fancy for the same reason that few son steel, plains of lead, rivers of trawlers go from England. I ven­ silver, hemmed in by purple moun­ ture to assert that there is no land tains with peaks of rosy snow." and no people so misunderstood by Weare not concerned with the us as Spain and her people; and Pyrenees, but will deal with the the reason for this is the hereditary following ranges, the Sierra Cadir dislike of the Spaniard bred in the an off-shoot of the Pyrenees to the ages long past when Spain was East, Montserrat, Sierra J avalambre England's traditional enemy. to the west of Sangunto, Sierra I have traveled in Spain on sev­ Maria, Sierra Cazorla, Sierra Azna­ eral occasions and have lived tin, Sierra Magina, and Sierra de amongst its people in the wildest la Pandera (the five last north of mountains and I have the further the Sierra Nevada) the Sierra Ne­ advantage of speaking Spanish, and vada, the Serrania Ronda, the Serra so I claim to know a little of its Estrella in Portugal, the Espiguete glamour and beauty which has South of the Picos the Pena Santa woven about me a web of enchant­ de Enol and, the Pen a Vieja in the ment. Picos de Europa and finally Sierra Spain is a land of mountains and de la Demanda near to Burgus. And wherever you travel mountains 100m what of the Spaniard himself,-he far or near. The center is a high has been described by Madariaga as plateau with chains of mountains a man of Passion, by which he such as the Guadarramas, the Sierra means an all round man composed de Gata and many others running of all virtues and vices and so more across it and numerous chains run easily to be loved and admired by in all directions around the plateau those who understand him and who You must not imagine that the have charity. He is a family man, plateau is flat, for everY'where rise devoted to hi s wife and children • [ 309] 310 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 far more than to his country; he In studying the flora we must loves freedom and cares not who remember that the Spanish and Bal­ rules him provided that he has few kan peninsulas are of the same laws to obey. He had rather limit geological age and closely allied his wants, than increase them, and plants are found in both, for exam­ so have to work the harder and ple Ramondias in Spain, and Ramon­ have less leisure. Time, he says, dias, Haberleas and J ankeas in the was made for man and not man for Balkans; Viola cazodensis in Spain time. He has been said to be cruel, and Viola delphinantha and roshanini and as illustrations his treatment in the Balkans. of the Indians in South America and Most of the saxifrages belong to of bulls have been cited. Cunning­ the Ceratophyllae and to the Gem­ ham Graham and others have miferae and not one to the Kab­ showed that the Spaniard was no schias. more cruel to the Indians than all Spain is the country par excel­ the other nations of those days were lence for linarias, and erodiums. to their subject races. The flora, as I have already said, As regards · bull fighting, there is most interesting but is not as can be no doubt in my mind that rich as that of the Balkans. cruelty is involved, but so it is with As soon as the frontier is crossed all blood sports. It is all a question at Puiglerda the road to Seo d'Ur­ of degree; doubtless in bull-fighting gel bears off to the West. This the cruelty is greater than in other road we took and away to our blood sports but the man risks his South there rose the great heights life-gambling his courage and dex­ of the Sierra Cadir. We slept at terity against the bull-whereas in the little village of Martinet, in a such sports as stag hunting, the clean inn which was a holiday re­ stag has no chance of killing his sort and which was full of Spaniards persecutor. In cruelty as in all ""ho amused me after dinner with other qualities, the Spaniard is a their tales. Early next morning we man of passion, a mixture of ten­ left on mules for the summit of derness and of cruelty, of laziness Cadir the highest peak. The moun­ and amazing spirits of energy, of tain is really an off-shoot of the epic bravery and of cowardice, all Pyrenees and as might be expected blended together inextricably. the plants of the Pyrenees. were In his ordinary life I have seldom found. Sempervivum 11i01ttanU1'Jl£ and known a Spaniard cruel to his ani­ tectoru11'£ were quite common on the mals. lower rocks and were accompanied by The roads are well made, with S edU111, dasyp.h 'yll~('11'/,. The most in­ good gradients, banked at the cor­ teresting plants were Crob1,(la1'1:a nana, ners and so well marked as to be a Petrocalhs p'yrenaica and Dryas octa­ lesson to other countries. petala. Saxifraga li11guTata covered Food is abundant and quite good the cliffs which faced to the South and nearly everyone of my party and on the shady sides Ra1110ndia enjoyed the food. pyrenaica was common. The Spanish The smallest inns are clean and botanists maintain that this form compare very favorably with simi­ which they call Mycoi and we the larly placed inns in other countries. Montserrat variety, is a separate Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 311 species and that it is found all over is soon up on the 5,000 feet summit. Catalonia. The leaves are larger In the woods along the lower slopes and the veins are more clearly is found Campanula speciosa which in marked and the flowers distinctly spite of Mr. Elliott's assurances is larger than in the ordinary pyrenaica monocarpic. The roots may be form. This is certainly the form thick but as soon as the plant flow­ found on Cadir. ers it dies. This is evident to every­ The summit cliffs were magni­ one who studies the plant on the ficent masses of limestone and af­ mountain. The flower is beautiful forded glorious views of Andorra but the leaves are coarse and un­ that astonishing relic of the feudal interesting and spoil an otherwise days which has been so much in the good plant. E1'odiu11'! pet1'CEufn grows public eye recently. This was my in rt:he Aphyllanthes 111,onspeliensis, topyllae. Vella spinosa, Berberis vulgaris, Digi­ This is a beautful plant. o.n the talis obscura were magnificent. Near summit the ground was covered with the summit on the rocks grew

Sierra Morena in the North and the 1tLUS prostrata, Dig'italis obscum and Sierra Nevada in the South, with on the shady cliffs huge clumps the Sierra Magina in the West. of Saxifraga Rigoi, one of the Gem­ The chain runs from southeast to miferae. The plants bear huge w hite northwest and is composed of three flo wers. In the heat of the summer ranges, the most northwesterly the plants dry up and become red above Cazorla rises to 2017 metres but are still alive. The rocks are in the Peak of Cabanas, the most therefore colored red. After lunch southeasterly is the Sierra Cabrilla at the Churro we continued on our which rises to 2,033 metres. We way and were rewarded by the left on donkeys early in the morn­ sight of our first plants of Viola ing. Donkeys are the only animals Cazodensis which was described by which will stand the fatigue of Gandoger in 1902. It is remarkable these mountains. It was a perfect that this marvelous plant was only day and as we ascended the slopes discovered at so late a date, es­ above Cazorla fine views of thou­ pecially as I found that most shady sands of young olive trees were af­ rocks were covered by co untless forded us. Our guide and the hundre'ds of this remarkable plant. horseman were friendly mortals and It closely resembles Viola delphinan­ spent the time chatting and passing tha but d.iffers from it, in the follow­ around the bota of wine. The bota is ing aspects. Delph;inantha is always made of skin and it is an extremely found in cliffs, Cazorlensis I have difficult art to drink out of it without found growing in moss and -in the touching the spout with one's lips and soil at the foot of the cliffs, The without wetting oneself and neither of ste.ms never seem so old and twisted these must happen. I was a fair adept as those of delphinantha; the green at it and was complimented as being of the leaves has also a more cop­ quite a Spaniard, and so was given pery tint and the plant seems on strips of haddock dried and salted the whole of lower statutes. It is in Newfoundland and exported to most fl oriferous and the cliffs are Spain. This is an acquired taste pink with the magnificent blooms, and very salty. One of our don­ each with its long spur. keys was soon called Satan. He Wherever I went I was wel­ was a great hand at braying and comed by this superb sight, W e was determined to brush his rider passed the source of the Guadal­ off his back by rubbing against quivir, a small spring risi ng amidst the cliffs and passing below low rocks below huge pines. t rees. We were soon over the first After a vvonderful day amidst ridge and entered a confusing sys­ scenery of outstanding beauty and tem of valleys. The Chorro del a magnificent sunset, at 7 p. m. , we Mundo is an enormous amphitheatre arrived at a narrow defile through of perfectly vertical cliffs over 800 which we pulled our donkeys into metres in height and of great a delightful narrow upland valley breadth, so that birds flying across and at last at 8 p. m., we arrived seem to be flies . The sig ht is an awe at a tiny hut on the summit of Las inspiring one. We soon found the Cabanas at nearly 8,600 feet. The maiden hair fern, our ordinary lav­ hut measured 8xll feet and was in ender, T"G chel-iu,1tL coeru,leu111" P,'U- the charge of an old man, who r e- 314 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 fused us permission to sleep in iL Rechitas. Here ' the water poured By now the wind was rising and it out from below a huge boulder and was very cold and so I tried to per­ provided us with a delightful bath. suade him to allow us to sleep in This was particularly grateful, for the hut but he refused. I therefore we had been walking over a 7,000 told him we were going to sleep in foot mountain for six hours. Here the hut and were six men. He then incense was being made by burning told us he was the watcher for fires in pits cistus, rosemary and lav­ and was on the telephone to his ender. chief in the valley below. He rang We next ascended Aznatin, the up and we read our letter from the most northerly peak of the Sierra Spanish Ambassador in London and Magina from Torres, a little moun­ obtained leave to sleep in the hut. tain village where again we were Dinner was a meagre affair of oxo, persecuted by children. We found tinned tongue, bread and chocolate. S a.xijraga camposii one of the Cera­ Sleep was well nigh impossible for tophyHae and a most beautiful plant, we could just lie in a row on the C a111,panula c'Uatracasasii, a new cam­ stone floor and could not turn. panula with large purple bells and Next morning breakfast consisted hairy oval leaves. This is a true of oxo, bread and uncooked harn. saxatile plant and only grows on There was not a drop of water and one cliff. The largest plant meas­ so there was no washing. ured over a foot across. The moun­ We found ourselves in a sea of tain was covered with huge plants clouds and as the sun rose we had of PT'Unus prostrata, Pote1'ium r'l-t­ glorious views of valleys and moun­ picola, a Silene sp. and another cam­ tains. At the summit I found a yel­ pa.nula of the Rotundifolia Section, low linaria, a dark purple campanula Arenaria tetraq1,f,etra var. granatensis of the Rotundifolia Section and car­ or as it has been called Nevadensis. pets of C onvolv'Us cneor'U11IL. As we Magnificent views of the other sum­ descended ;the mountain we came mits of the Sierra Magina, lay to across countless high whit-e cliffs, on our South, and to the principal of which grew Viola Cazorlensis, S(1xi­ these the Sierra Magina, a moun­ fraga Mycoi and the small annual tain of some 7,500 feet, we now Campanu.la dec'Um.bens, with hairy made our way. We slept in the grey leaves and light blue flowers. little village of Belmez, a dirty vil­ We passetl several springs of cool, lage with an even dirtier inn. The delightful water and found on a village swarmed with children and limestone cliff the wonderful H yper-i­ our innkeeper had ten. As the inn c'Um e1'icoides known to Linnae'Us only had four bedrooms and three years ago but never cultivated. The were let, I never made out where little green leaves entirely covered the children slept. the stems and on the tip were sev­ The mountain is composed of dry eral delightful golden flowers. Here limestone and resembled the moun­ indeed is a remarkably handsome tains of Greece in its aridity, and plant. here we found a little brook which Next day we were off at 4 a.m., after a short course disappeared and had a delightful ride back to underground, and upland valleys just Cazorla, passing the Fountain of as in the Karst country of Dalmatia Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 315 and in one was a true doline. This drew nearer to these mountains, the interested me a great deal because beloved of the Moors, every peak of dolines were said to be characteristic which bears a Moorish name, we be­ of Dalmatia. We were accompanied came more excited for we knew of by a huntsman and after ascending the floral riches we were to see. the mountain and enjoying the sight The road to 10,500, only 1,000 feet of wonderful plants of Saxifraga below the highest peak of Veleta, globulifera var. erioblasta, we had a is the highest in Europe and very delightful lunch on the mountain well. engineered it is. The views it side. At this meal six of us ate affords, are also very fine. We nine huge watermelons and when slept in the Albergue de San Fran­ I said that this was marvelous my cisco which was built by a Society muleteer said it was nothing as he in Granada. It was very comfort­ himself could eat six at one sitting! able but only supplied coffee and I could write volumes about the potatoes, and so we lived on tin little S axif1'aga globulifera var. erio­ foods and for breakfast I enjoyed blasta which covers the cliff and water. The first climb was made boulders with its little dried rosettes by my wife and myself from 7,500 resembling grey pearls and called where the hut is built near the "las Perlas" by the Spaniards. It summit of Veleta at 11,300 feet. is one of the Gemmiferae and is We were very lucky with our plants found in many of the Southern and found a long Est, Dianthus mountains. In the center of each brachjlanthus alpinus and Dianthus apparently dead rosette is a tiny langea.nus, both little beautJies, S em­ green spark of life and with a drop pervivu111, 111/,Ontanum, L inaria neva­ of rain these buds unfold into green densis with yellow flowers, a dark rosettes which bear white flowers. purple flowered campanula, Plantago After the Sierra Magina we left nivalis with its white leaves. Sax i­ for the Sierra de la Pandera, a fraga groenlandiw, Dig'italis nevaden­ mountain of 6,500 feet, another sis, similar to our own foxglove, limestone mountain to the West, Er-yngiu1n glacialis, low growing and which had not had a botanist on it. with beautiful blue flowers, Arenaria I t was a hard climb on a boiling hot tetraquetra var. granatensis and Are­ day; but w:e were rewarded with a naria a1'meriastrum var. f1'igida, Chry­ Sa1'cocapnos, a galium and a dianthus. santhemum radicans with both yellow We descended by a huge scree and red flowers, E1'odiu1n cheilanthi­ where all the stones were moving foliu11 1/" Ptilotrichum purpureum with and found it very tiring, and were tiny grey leaves and beautiful pink very grateful for the cold water at flowers, and many many others. At a spring. V.,T e returned to the car 11,300 it began to rain and to blow two upon the same horse, which cats and dogs and in a few minutes reminded me of Uncle Tom Cob­ we were sopping wet and chatter­ leigh and All! ing. We fled downwards and took Leaving behind these last five refuge in a cave which we entered limestone mountains we hurried by crawling; inside, the floor was southwards to the non-limestone muddy and so we had to sit in the Sierra Nevada which we had al­ mud and eat our lunch of biscuits ready seen in the distance. As we and sardines. This put new life into 316 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 us and as soon as the rain began views. We collected Pinguicula lep­ to stop we hurried to the shelter toceras; Sa'YCocapnos enneaphylla an'd where we arrived dry and hot, many other plants. The seed pod of thanks to the high wind that blew the Sarcocapnos has a wonderful re­ all day. semblance to a monkey's head, Next day we drove early in the having a nose, two eyes and a morning to the foot of the Veleta mouth. and ascended to the edge of the N ext day we returned on mules Corral, a large amphitheatre over­ to Granada, coll ecting on the way shadowed by the Veleta. Here we and obtained Echium albicans and found hundreds of flowers. Senecio many other plants. The echium is Boissieri with huge golden daisies, an charming with its pink flowers fading Acaulis gentian with a purple flower, blue and its charming narrow and Chrysanthe111,um radicans, Eryngium hairy grey leaves. glacialis are but the best of many The views below of the mountains plants. and valleys and of Granada were The views are superb. The Cor­ very charming. ral is surrounded by precipitous Our next mountain, Torrecilla, cliffs and across it are fine views the highest summit of the Serrania of the summits of the Veleta, Mul­ de Ronda was a great disappoint­ hac en and the other peaks, and ment for: there were but few plants down in the Corral can be seen the .though the views "vere superb, espe­ glacier, which is very small and a cially that of Gibraltar with its barren valley which opens into white catchment area shining in the greener regions at a lower level. distance amidst the clouds. The We tried to descend into the Corral village of Tolox was very pictur­ by a narrow path overhanging esque and here we got a few de­ dreadful precipices. In places be­ lightful pictures. cause of overhanging rocks we were Vife hurried on into Portugal leav­ compelled to bend outwards over ing the limestone of Ronda behind the precipice. After a time the path and coming to a country covered ended in a landslide and, terrible with huge boulders of granite and tragedy, we had to climb up again were soon on the roads of Po:-tugal. but after taking a turn down the There was a great improvement ridge we were able to ascend to over their condition of six years the summit of the Veleta and here ago, except over a short stretch the views were amazingly good. and we drove faster than we had The shores of the Mediterranean. expected, to a little inn high up on with the waves beating on the the flanks of the Sierra Estrella, coast, seemed to be but a stone's the highest summit in Portugal. I throwaway. The road to Motril was anxious to climb this moun­ stretched away like a snake and tain as on the previous occasion hail countless peaks were grouped had prevented us. Vife started off around in great glory. We de­ in perfect but cold weather with scended to Lake Yeguas and back three horsemen, one of whom spoke to the Albergue. Next day we had incessantly and never even waited an easy day walking for some seven for an answer, and often enough hours collecting and enjoying the spoke whilst his colleagues were Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 317

answering. In spite of this rain of rocks nearby I collected C ampanula words we got to the summit and arvatica, D1'aba dedeana, Anemone then we enjoyed a walk of three pavoniana, a prinmla, Erinus hispani­ hours. We had no sooner returned C'us, M wtth-iola perennis, Saxifraga to our horses than a cloud appeared conifera and many other plants. The and I knew that the mountain was lower slopes of the mountain gave going to avenge itself on us for us all the plants we were accus­ its defeat. Rain poured down and tomed to. The upper part is a sheer a great gale blew up, so that in a precipitous cliff and here we found very few minutes a sorry proces­ Erodium ·petraeu.1n and a pale pink sion could be seen of three riders linaria. A cold wind and mist com­ sopping wet (J,nd chattering on their menced and we had perforce to have horses, but thank heavens the horse­ lunch crouched below a high rock. man spoke no more! The gale blew On descending we were given bread, so fiercely that suddenly I felt just cheese and wine at our guide's house as if a large hand had been placed and quite a reception of the villag­ on my horse's side and was pushing ers was held in our honor. We him down. I just succeeded in jump­ then proceeded to Cavadonga and ing clear before the horse was on in the car by the very well engi­ blown down! We walked after neered road to Lake 'Ercima at this, sadder, wetter, sorer and about 5,000 feet. We found Campa­ colder men. At the inn a large nula arvatica in various forms, Genti­ fire was lit, we got into dry clothes ana pneu11W1wntha depressa which and after many cups of tea we were grows in the turf and is quite low in warm again. The plants collected stature. Linaria faucicola which is were a purple campanula with long never a high ALpine, Sarifraga geo­ leaves, Digitalis purp~rr e a, several ides a new species discovered by Mr. sedwns and Arenaria e1'inacea. The Lacaita. Its ivy-shaped leaves were flora was poor because the moun­ reddish purple below and the plant tain was of granite; for it is an was quite attractive as it grew in undoubted fact that granite moun­ the cracks in the cliffs, with Ca1'n­ tains have a poor flora. panula arvatica, S edu111 dasyphyllu111, We returned to Spain next day ferns, Erinus hispanicus and Aquilegia in a cold wind and dense mist, and discolor. We were able to go two made north to the little mountain miles above Lake Enol in the car village of Siero, the village of mud; and from that height we walked if ever there was one. The mud was through the most beautiful alpine -everywhere, brown, sticky and deep scenery. The mountains were as and whether one jumped or took fine as the Alps in the Tyrol and long cuts, it mattered not a bit, one were covered with a good deal of sank in the mud. The villagers snow. We passed a typical little have solved the difficulty by wear­ Scotch burn which flowed merrily ing wooden clogs with four little into a large pool where it ended, feet so that their feet are above the water evidently flowing through even the highest mud level yet cracks in the bottom. We ascended known. When they pay calls, they by the canal of the Sargaus to the 1eave their clogs at the door and Cebollera enjoying the plants and 'walk indoors in stockings. On the the delightful views of rock forma- 318 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

tions until a cold wind arose and rode and walked across the Massif it became almost impossible to stand through Sotres to Carmamgisa up against it. Among the higher where our car was waiting and we plants were Saxifraga conifera, Mal'ua enjoyed most wonderful views of sp. and Anemone pavoniana-amongst peaks and valleys. many other~. Our holiday was rapidly drawing Our next village was that of to a close and so we hurried east­ Espinana to the South of the Picos wards through Burgos to Mansilla where we slept at a tiny inn and where we stayed at our last little left next day for the Pena Vieja. We stopped at the Refuge at Potes; Spanish inn and next morning rode here a first-class hut has been built up to the very summit of Serra de with many rooms, bathrooms, din­ la Demanda at 7,000 feet. The ing-room and a wonderful sitting­ mountain was a non-limestone schi­ room, with a huge fireplace, and stous mountain, red and forbidding beautifully furnished with old Span­ but affording magnificent views of ish furniture and china. Lit with a perfect sea of mountains, SDme of electricity and spotlessly clean, the red, others of brown, all of sombre refuge is better than most of the tints. The only plants I found were Swiss refuges. a high Alpine yellow linaria, Sem­ We were unable to ascend to the pm'vivum 1nontanu111, and a Pingu­ very summit because of a recent icula species. fall of snow but we found many The holiday had come to an end plants, among them Saxifraga areti­ and we were returning homewards, oides, Aquilegia discolor, Iberis Ten­ rich in experience, sated with beau­ oreana which grew in the screes and ty and laden with a rich haul of looked quite gay with its pink flowers rare and beautiful plants, and there and the best of an Linaria filicaulis came back to my memory the fol­ with glaucous green leaves and the lowing beautiful Spanish lines with most beautiful flowers, which which I wish to end my paper. seemed to have all kinds of tints in "Blessed be he who planteth a its sepals. This plant is a true tree and worthy be he who pro­ scree plant and a high alpine. We tects it." Silvia Saunders BmchYC0111e iberidifolia

Some Experiences with Annuals

By HELEN M. Fox

Annuals have an important place spring. I plant them indoors in in the garden. They mature quick­ flats, then prick them out into paper ly and fill in spaces left vacant by pots and after they have filled these Spring bulbs or early flowering per­ with roots move them into the ennials such as the dicentras, erysi­ borders. In this way I have se­ mums, aquilegias and others, the foli­ cured the best results, but often age of which dies back or is cut there isn't time for all of this away as the summer advances. manipulation or room in the green­ On the whole they are not diffi­ house, hotbed or cold frame and cult to raise. In lands where the then the annuals can be planted winter is not severe they can be right where they are to flower, planted out of doors in the fall in either in late April or early May, a -cold frame and moved to their according to the season. Certain permanent places in the garden in of the annuals such as the poppies the Spring. However, here in New are difficult to move on account of York I find I have better plants if their having tap roots but they too, they are started indoors in very early if handled with skillful fingers can [ 319] 320 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 be pricked out, potted and trans­ Sutton's Salmon Queen which is a planted. good shade of salmon. But begin­ For the past three years I have ning with A I will now describe my been growing quite a few annuals experiences with the annuals. heretofore unknown to me and tak­ First, I recommend a violet alys­ ing notes on them and thought it sum, Lilac Queen which keeps on might interest others to read here flowering long after a hard frost observations and the results of my and grows deeper as the season experiences. advances until it is almost purple at Gardeners as well as other peo­ the feet of the chry ~ anthemums ple are afraid of the new and un­ and dahlias. tried and keep on growing the same Autotis grandis is a handsome annuals their grandmothers had year plant, a South African Daisy with after year. Although the plants white ray flowers and a blue clisk, may die, the garden is there for greyish foliage and fairly tall. another year and there is no other Bm'tonia, aurea whcich should right­ place where one can adyenture as ly be called M entzelia lindleyi is a safely into the u!lknown. Californian ancl advertised in Eng­ I am one of those gardeners who lish catalogues. Mine "'ere sown perhaps does too much adventuring where they were to flower and and often there are so many "novel­ blossomed in six weeks, but the ties" that there is not as much plants are only about 12 inches high color and bloom as there might be and should be much taller and perhaps and, at times, we seem even to be if they had been potted first they on the verge of having to pick wild would have grown to four feet flowers to deco;-ate the table. All which Bailey says is right for them. of this happens because every year The blossoms resemble those of the when the new catalogues arrive, hypericums. except that the petals and I look through the list of have the pointed curve of a Persian "Novelties" I am a woman beset arch. They are a good shade of with dire temptation and almost no yellow, with a dark red mark at powers of resistance. These past the base of the petals, open ancl years there have been several very with numerous stamens. The stems fine new annuals. such as the dwarf are covered with down and the petunia Pink Glory, a true dwarf leaves not numerous, opposite, pin­ with light pink small blossoms, and nately toothed and about 3 Y; inches many others. Some of the novel­ long. The flowers are 1 Y; inches ties I have not liked at all, such as across. They do not close during the the new marigold, Radio, with its clay, but stay open for the whole quill-like petals, which to me, look twenty-four hours and make a fine like the normal flower about to cut flower. fade. Another unattractive much Asperula setosa aztwea which should advertised newcomer is the double be called Asperula Q1·ientalis is a nasturtium, something like a wet fluffy blue-flowered plant about one yellow rag ancl not comparable to foot high, a relative of the sweet the old time ones. There are some woodruff which it resembles only lovely nasturtiums not well knm'lr!1 in the leaves. It self sows every on this side of the water, such as year in the garden and this year it Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 321

Silvia Saunders Ursinia anethoides

flowered in amongst the white aqUl­ branched, about 20 inches or more legias with a happy effect. high, with pointed leaves 2 y,( inches Brachychome ibiderifolia, the Swan long and 0 inch across. The River Daisy, comes from Australia. flowers are a violet blue, with a It looks like a miniature cineraria, white mark, dabbed a bit with yel­ only coming in paler shades. The low on the upper side and y,1: inch tiny daisy-like flowers are colored, across. They are excellent cut from pale lavender to deep purple, flowers and combine well with cal­ their foliage is finely cut and they endulas or antirrhinums in the gar­ are about 12 inches high, with flowers den and in vases. 1 inch across. The color is vivid EchiuWl, pZantagineum is an attrac­ enough and the plants sufficiently tive member of the Boraginaceae floriferous to give a definite effect. native to Southern Europe. I sowed [ planted mine indoors and trans­ mine out of doors the end of May planted them early in May into the and it flowered in six weeks. Ac­ garden where they made a charm­ cording to Bailey it should be three ing foreground to iris, but they soon feet high and this is only 12-15 bloomed themselves out. inches. It is covered with hairiness Browallia americana is blue and and has tongue-shaped leaves. The its var. alba a white-flowered old time flowers are pinky blue and some annual, now returning to favor. even white, fi ve-parted at the end Once in the garden they sow them­ of a tube y,1: inch long; y,( inch selves. The browallia IS much across at the mouth. The flowering 322 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

spike is one sided except at the top some plant. It is perennial but be­ where there is a bunch of flower­ haves as an annual in the northern ing buds. gardens. An erigeron which has many Cilia capitata is a charming annual names and is now E. karvinskianrus with pale blue round heads about 1 having been called E. mucronatus as inch across made up of many florets. well as Vittadenia, is listed as a 'per­ The stem is two feet high, the ennial, but I am told behaves like leaves are thin and divided into 7-9 an annual. It flowers the first year divisions. It has self sown in the and is a low plant for the front of exact place where it was originally the border or the rockery and has planted. The gilia is an excellent white flushed-pa1e-pink, daisy-like cut flower. flowers f.4 inch across on stems 7 The linarias were so effective at inches high. It is an exceedingly the New York Flower Show one neat little plant. Spring, especially the Moroccan C ollinsia bicolor is dainty with vio­ Fairy that I tried sowing some in­ let and white flowers but did not doors and some right out of doors last long in my garden where in where they were to flower. They times of excessive heat and drought, did not reach the size of the flowers dainty delicate annuals have a way forced by experts but were pretty of just quietly drying up in spite and dainty. Their foliage, too, is of the water with which I try to attractive in its slenderness. moisten them, icy cold from an N emesia versicolor var. compacta artesian well. Often, as at the from South Africa is attractive. I present, when I am writing, I wish have grown the yellow, orange and I could go down and hold an um­ blue ones. They are a little remi­ brella over them, and water them niscent of antirrhinums. The blue with water taken from a cistern one has a white and pale yellow where it would have been heated raised patch on its lower lip, which by the sun. is composed of three divisions while H eliaphylla leptophylla, an unwieldy the upper one has two. But, alas, name for any plant, was started in­ they die away when the hot dry doors and moved out into the garden weather comes. from pots. It grew about 15 inches Nicotianas are gracefu~ and ex­ high and formed a spreading plant. ceedingly fragrant at night. Nicot'i­ It has round glaucous stems, red ana alfin'is is their botanical name. where the side shoots branch off They come in tall and dwarfer va­ and sparse linear leaves. The rieties and from white, through flowers are tiny, % inch across, pale pinks to deep reds. These last blue with a purplish tinge, opening are handsome planted in front of flatly and having a yellowish white Hydrangea arb01'escens and next to center and four spreading petals. Campanula lactifiom. They close at night and so are not For years I only knew Nigella Miss good for cutting but are effective Jekyll, but there are several others in the same misty fashion as gypso­ which are effective such as Nigella phila, only of course, much shorter. hispanica with quiet dark flowers and Di111,orphotheca aurantiaca is the a packet of seeds which came to me yellow African daisy and a hand- labelled Nigella orientaNs, a hairy Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 323

MargOlYet DeM. Brown White Viscaria

plant with the strangely patterned high, but is said to rIse to 18 flower somewhat like the Nigella sa­ inches. The flowers are somewhat tiva which is grown for its aromatic campanulate, Ys inch long and ~ seeds, and known rt:o the herbalists as inch across, but maybe they too fennel flower. Nigella damasana has are larger when the plant is taller. bluish flowers and leaves cut into Phacelia campanularia IS , a .hluer­ thread-like divisions. flowered plant and very short N emaphila insignis is called Baby­ stemmed and would make a lovely blue-eyes, and is a low and sprawl)' ground cover under other taller an­ plant with a good shade of blue, nuals. Phacelis Parryi has purple bell-shaped flowers. But it does Bowers ~ inch across and grows 6-8 not last well into the hot weather inches high in my garden, but 18 with me and with its dainty blue inches in California, where it must be flowers is best started indoors quite as stunning as P. whitlavia. early and planted out in time to Platysteman calif arnica, called Cal­ accompany the late flowering yel­ ifornia cream cups, is pretty but low and white spring bulbs. exceedingly short lived. Phacelia whitlavia is a hairy purple There are several very handsome flowered annual called California annual salvias. Salvia splendens, Sal­ bluebell. It is a beautiful rich mon Beauty is a salmon form of color and in my garden grows 9 inches the well known and much maligned 324 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

Mar.I)01'et DeM. Brozem Tarenia fa~w1'1ieri

S. splendens. Now and then a spike bright yellow landing place for the will be scarlet instead of salmon. insects and is purple on the mar­ There is a deep purple form now gins. The plants are much branched too. Salvia patens has the brightest and free-flowering. b1ue in any flower. Salvia lWr717inu11l The ursinias were handsome all Pink Gem has rose colored leaf through May and June but then seem to have bloomed themselves bracts, at the termination of the into a drying stage. They made a stalks and Blue Beard has dark blue picture with the blue and violet iris ones. Both are quite stunning. and yellow and orange erisymums. Torenia faurnieri although listed Ursillia. nnell1m'des is less compact as a greenhouse annual does well if whi.Je U1'Srinia pulchra has larger and started indoors. It is very pretty, lighter colored flowers and they are about one foot high, having tubular marked with reddish orange at the pansy colored blue-lavender flowers, base of the orange ray florets while with dark velvety purple at the tips

Margaret DeM. B1'own Zinnia paucifio,ra

exceedingly floriferous while they born at the tips of their own stems last. which rise from the leafaxils have The viscarias are handsome an­ cylindrical buds and at .the base of nuals and bloom right on into Octo­ each of the five petals is a two ber. According to Bailey they parted projection. The flovvers are should be called L':ychnis coeli-I'osa. 1 y,i: inches across. The stems are They are somewhat like carnations recumbent or somewhat floppy. The in appearance and have an elegant white ones are lovely with phlox or and graceful shape. The stems are other warmly colored flowers, but greyish green and have numerous the pale blue, pink and crimson side shoots, the leaves are linear, ones are pretty too. However, it long and narrow. The flowers is not a good plan to mix the colors 326 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934- because each is too bright to har­ try them. As with a11 other plants, monize with the other. if one wants to succeed with them This year I have had Zinnia pauci­ one has to concentrate a certain folia for the first time and think it is amount of attention upon them, but gay and pretty; with small flowers they are well worth the effort. one inch across on much branching Beginners in gardening often think stems, 20-24 inches high. The flow­ it is easier to rai'se perennials for ers are a deep scarlet far daintier their supposed permanence. A11 the than the usual zinnias and not as readers of this magazine know that stiff. this is not so and that perennials In other parts of the country an­ have a way of becoming sick and nuals act differently. In places such dying like any other plants. Each as Bar Harbor they seem to grow has its good points. Since the an­ particularly well and probably on nuals are perforce temporary, it is the Northern Pacific Coast. The not a serious matter if occasionally only way to find out how they will there is an ugly on~ or one which behave in a particular garden is to has a weak constitution. R. M. Ad(JIYn . The City of Edinburgh fr011 1, the Garden

The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Scotland

In presenting the series of pictures hands of plant lovers everywhere. that follow the editor wishes to thank Compact in plan, not large in area Sir William Wright Smith for his and entirely surrounded by the city courtesy in sending the excellent pic­ itself, the Garden is an amazing dem­ tures taken by Mr. Adam. For all onstration of what can be gathered gardeners and horticulturists, this gar­ and kept in health in such small limits. den is one of the most interesting, but No mention can be made here of its to Americans it is of special interest long and interesting history and of because of the great number of Ameri­ many important botanists and horti­ can species that can be found in its col­ culturists that have lived and worked lections and the fact that many plants here, but it is interesting to remember introduced from China, notably the that like many other botanic gardens collections of the late George Forrest it had its beginnings in the study of have come through its bounds to the medicinal plants. [ 327 ] 328 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

Part of the Arboretum in the Garden

Part of Arboretu111, in the Ga.rden Photogmphed fr01Jl/, 1'00f of Palm House Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 329

The Rose Garden

R. M. Adam Collection of plants ananged according to botanical classification 330 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

The Pond

The Pond Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 331

Spring Scene. Crocus and Snowdrops untie?' Beeches

R. M. Adam PrimuZa sikki11'l,e?uis (left), M econopsis betonicifolia (right) under pines 332 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

The Wild Garden Scilla and M econopsis under trees

The Wild Garden Prim%la and Rhododendron Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 333

Rhododendron H ),brids

In the Rhododend1'on C ollect'io n 334 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

R. M. Adam The Rhododend1'on Collection Rhododendron insigne U11'£11Iwdiate foreground)) R . S111,i1'novi (cente1' distance)

\ I '1 Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 335

Herbaceous B O1'der s

R. M. Adam The Wall G(lrden 336 THE NATIONAL H'ORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct" 1934

Entmnce to Rock Garden

In the Rock Garden Leiophyllum buxifolium in immediate foregrownd Oct. , 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 337

Rhododendron ferntgineu1n in masses along the 1'idge -i'11 the Rock Garden

R. M. Adam The Rock Garden THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 338

The M amine

The Moraine Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 339

In the Rock Ga1'den

R. M. Adan1 Rock Garden. Linnceus M e11wrial on right 340 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct" 1934

The Roc!? GG1'den, Rhododendroll sanguillell1ll, ill foregrouild

M, Adam The Rock Garden, M econopsis intc:grifolia (on th fJ r:'glit) Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL I-lORTlCUL1 URAL IvIAGAZINE 341

R. jJI[. Adam The South Ban!? of the Rock Ga1'de11 The Idealist in the Garden

To the wise and happy gardener dainty and very elegant ladies who winter is not a season of discontent or walk across her pages. Yet what a gloom; nor is it a time of idleness. For boon it is to the gardener who then no matter whether the gardener is for­ feels sure that his plants are well tunate enough to be able to live all blanketed and warm and as long as it through the year within touch of his lasts no fear need be felt regarding garden or whether he spend the win­ their safety. Of course, there is al­ ter months in the city, for those who ways danger in a heavy fall of snow are so inclined, there is always a pleas­ of the damage which may be done in ant round of activity and profitable the breaking of evergreen boughs un­ work to be done. Of course, I am re­ der its weight but what fun it is to ferring to earnest gardeners only; those sally forth during such a storm "vho place the growing of plants among armed with a long pole with which to the first group of necessities in their shake the snow from the heavily laden lives, those to whom gardening is a branches and to watch them spring vital expression of themselves as much back into their natural positions as as song is to the birds "who sing be­ their white burden softly floats down to cause they must." earth. Only when sleet and freezing This type of gardener can have no rain descends is it a time of terror and sympathy with those who complain of a period when prayers should be of­ the dullness of this time of the year fered up, like unto times of drought, and of the bareness of the garden. With to avert the disaster. all the wealth of berried shrubs, ever­ Truly he is a happy man who can greens and woody plants with colored be at his garden in the snow time. To stems no garden worthy of the name watch the whiteness transform and re­ need be unattractive during the drear­ make familiar objects in the landscape iest and coldest days; and there are is a joy comparable to the beauty of so many eager little plants at hand summer. How black the greens of the which gladly hurry into bloom at the evergreens become! How bright the first call of mild weather and sunshine red berries seem! How clear cut the that nowadays no winter need be dull stems of the trees and shrubs stand or drab. And there is the exquisite out against the whiteness! The Japa­ beauty of the snow when it is piled nese appreciate this beauty far more high over the brown and sleeping earth than we; their iiterature is filled with and drapes the shrubs and trees with it and the snow takes its place with whiteness. the important flower festivals of the Yet, how little we appreciate the year, the cherry, the iris, the maple snow. To many it is just so much leaves in autumn. white which will eventually end with There is a quaint old story which a period of "dirty weather," that va­ always gives me pleasure to recall of a riety, which readers of Jane Austin man who was very much in love, who, will recall was the horror of all those writing to his beloved after a heavy [342 J Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 343

fall of snow made reference to the It is all in the way one looks at it. beauty of it. In the reply the adored They are all necessary adjuncts to the one made no comment upon "the love­ health of the garden; their use justi­ ly marvel," which was a disaster to the fies their existence. fair lady for the erstwhile lover lost Winter is also the time to study per­ all interest in one who was so callous ma11ent forms of shelter. On one's to beauty. All of which sounds rather rounds through the garden during cold amusing to our Western minds, and weather the need of protection for this yet, might it not be to our advantage or that plant is the more easily noticed to be able to feel the spirituality of and notes can then be made and at the beauty as keenly? same time a temporary shelter pro­ But, alas, all winters are not snowy vided. Often a small rugged shrub one!'; too often the cold descends upon placed to the windward or sunward of the garden without a protecting cover­ some doubtfully hardy plant will be its let. Against such time we might again salvation. And then there are hedges! take a lesson from the Japanese who We in America have too few of them. use homemade blankets of straw to Aside from the privacy and greenery tuck about their garden treasures dur­ which they afford they are the back­ ing spells of severe cold. How often bone of the gardens of England. With­ our barreled and burlapped plants are out the shelter they give, gardens in smothered by misplaced kindness when that country would not be able to boast all the protection needed is some shel­ of many of the lovely plants which ter in periods of intense cold. Many have proven hardy there. It is surpris­ a plant would easily go through the ing how much protection even a hedge winter if during clear and cold weather of deciduous material affords. Not only only a slight protection from the heat does it break the force of the cold of the sun was given it, an evergreen winds of winter and temper the heat bough or a screen of straw, to be re­ of the sun but it also forms a screen moved upon the approach of the milder against the late frosts of our ever ec­ days. How often would a hurriedly centric springs. erected windbreak save the life of some Happy, indeed, is the gardener who cherished shrub or some too early has or can have walls. Paradoxical as awakened plant; or a hastily built roof it may seem at first thought, they pro­ avert the formation of death dealing tect against both heat and cold at the ice on the root stock or branches of same time. Many plants will prove some almost hardy thing. All of these hardy when grown on the north of a precautionary measures are, to the wall where the sun cannot awaken happy gardener, but a part of the them from their winter's sleep while winter work just as spraying against others, against the southern face, will insects or mildew if a portion of the be ever grateful for its protection summer routine. A glass winter roof from the cold. English gardening lit­ over a lewisia is no more obnoxious to erature gives long lists of plants, both the sight than a Japanese beetle trap; woody and herbaceous, for variously nor is a straw or evergreen screen facing walls, east, west, north and before a cherished holly any more of south. To the adventurous gardener an eyesore than a wood framework no more l1eed be said of the wall them­ which holds up an Emily Gray rose. selves, but walls are composed of stones 344 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

and even a single stone may prove to use to give the necessary comfort to be a God send. the much distressed plant. Often a sizeable rock placed to the When some newly converted gar­ south of some treasure will hold the dener complains that winter is a dull frost in the ground about the plant . season, I wonder just what kind of a and so prevent its being heaved out by garden he possesses and to what extent every thaw. Placed to the north of the garden virus has taken effect. To another plant a stone will save its life such a one these things may all seem by protecting it from wind and sleet. wearisome toil, but surely efforts made And many a time a plant will prove to to save plant life for later beauty be hardy by planting its roots under should be classed as joyous labor es­ a stone so that its growth comes out pecially as while in the accomplishing beyond the rock's edge but its roots of it the gardener, if his domain is are safely covered and protected from wisely planted, is coming into contact the elements. with many things which are preparing In our open winters fortunate in­ to blossom or are already in bud. This deed is that gardener who is able to "many" must be read as meaning in be v.:irh his plants the whole time and comparison with the garden where not pent up within a city miles away nothing blooms in winter and not in its from them while alternate freeze and usual sense of multitudes. Yet there thaw are doing their best to force the are a goodly number of winter bloom­ roots out of the earth to a slow and ing plants which could be added to our certain death. Only too well do I gardens and would more than repay us know this having lost goodly batches for the extra care which they would of species of cyclamen, iris, campanula, demand. A. W. Darnell in his book etc., through not being able to go to of \iVinter Blossoms from the Outdoor their assistance during periods of thaw. Garden gives a list which runs up into In such weather it should be a daily the hundreds but in spite of the fact duty to make the rounds of the garden that the title page insists that the plants carefully inspecting the welfare of the described are only those which flower plants. At such times the gardener's during December, January and Febru­ work basket should contain humus, ary, many earlier and later blooming soil, dry leaves, evergreen branches, ones help to swell the number. \iVhile sticks and stones. These will all come the book is written for the British into use during such pilgrimages for Isles it stimulates the covetous gar­ after pressing the root or crown of the dener here into an experimental plant back into the soil, dry earth or frenzy; but more of this hereafter. humus, depending upon the plant, will So far I have spoken of the winter often be needed to tuck in about it to work for the gardener who is able to make it comfortable and secure. At live with his garden during that sea­ other times a cover of leaves pinned son. But there is also pleasant and down with sticks or a cover of ever­ profitable work for those who have green twigs will add the needed protec­ to dwell in the larger cities with only tion-for such times the Christmas haphazard weekend trips to where greens should always be carefully their heart's interest lies. Most of the saved and not destroyed. Then again, libraries of our larger cities have files a hand-size stone may be the thing to of old garden magazines and botanical • Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 345

journals which contain an inestimable Speaking of colored plates, it was wealth of material for those who are interesting to watch their improvement willing to look for it. During this as the years went by. At first the past winter I have spent many pleas­ quaint and charming ones of the pe­ ant hours with Curtis' Botanical riod from 1830 to 1850--then a twenty Magazine, Seeman's Journal of Botany, or more year stretch of rather mediocre The Garden, The Gardener's Chronicle ones with here and there a surpris­ and many others. These last two Eng­ ingly fine one; an iniprovement be­ lish magazines are crammed with in­ gins in the early seventies which by terest and information for ardent gar­ the opening years of the eighties had deners. reached a perfection which might well It was pleasant to come upon the be copied by the makers of colored accounts of the introduction of old fa­ plates today. Sometimes the greens vorites of mine and it was surprisir~g are not as clear as they should be and to learn that so many of the plants often the blues are far too near purple which are comparatively new to us to be an exact picture of the flower, were brought into British gardens perhaps they have faded but even as during the period between 1830 and they are they far surpass most of the 1850. Caring more for natural forms flower pictures in the magazines of to­ of plants, species, than for horticul­ day. tural hybrids, I was gratified to find Some very excellent plates occur as that almost all of the species for which early as the fifties; a case in point is in a brilliant future was forecast at the The Florist and Fruitist of 1852, a pic­ time of their introduction have ful­ ture of two fuchsias-Duchess of Lan­ filled that prediction; whereas the caster, a single red and purple hicolor, named hybrids which have been ac­ and Glory, a most lovely single with claimed and raved over have, in by far white sepals exquisitely flushed with the largest number of cases, slowly but pink and pale red corolla. Its beauty surely faded away. Only the best of awakened a dormant fuchsia love which these man-made plants last through had been sleepif1g since boyhood when the first flush of their popularity, but an old gardening neighbor who refused nature's products endure, a fact which to be influenced by changing fashions should cheer us-at least those of us in plants still held on to the beloved with limited purses-when we lust fuchsias of her girlhood days and was after some much heralded iris, rose or never tired of pointing out their ex­ daffodil with a frightful price mark cellencies to my eager admiration. It on it. was rather of a surprise to discover One of the hybrids which has glo­ during this excursion into the past, riously stood the test of time is the yel­ that the popularity of the fuchsia low azalea N ancy Waterer. I had dated back to the late thirties for I had known that it was an old garden plant always thought that the seventies but how old I did not know. In The marked their heyday-perhaps we got Florist and Fruitist, London, for the the fever long after it raged in Europe. year 1869 is an excellent colored plate Anyway it was a splendid kind of of this treasure which the quarantine sickn~ss to have and I for one would has robbed us of--excepting at a welcome a second attack. A similar frightful price. wish is registered here for the revival 346 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 of interest in that delightful old fa­ tremely beautiful color plate of Stern­ vorite, the lantana. bergia lutea and its variety angusti­ Perhaps I should retract that wish folia together with a short article on lest it come true, for heaven only the genus. As I have written of this knows what hybridists would do to plant before and have been trying to the fuchsia. With our insane, and find full descriptions of the several inane, lust for size, our hybridist might other species of this genus I shall pass eventually develop one large enough to on the information to others who sit under during a summer shower and might be as interested in this genus as then one would have to layout his ;. am. Here is a group of bulbs which garden in square miles to be in pro­ prolong the flowering season of our portion to the flower. Bigger and bet­ gardens, one of them, S . lutea, is ob­ ter are two words which should sel­ tainable here and several others are dom be joined together in a flower inexpensive in Europe and should be description for there is nowadays much gotten into this country as soon as too much emphasis laid on the "big­ possible. ger." That brings me to make an­ Sternbergia lutea has been culti­ other protest against the current work vated in European gardens for several of the novelty seeking hybridist. Why centuries. Parkinson called it the should they try to give us flowers great autumn or winter daffodil and which grotesquely imitate other flow­ botanically Narcissus autumnalis ma­ ers? We now have with us a scab­ j01' . He comments upon the fact that ious-flowered zinnia, a double nastur­ it did not set seed in English gardens, tium, a paint brush-like double cycla­ and continues "although under the men, in which the beauty of each is head there is a little green knot which completely lost, becoming but a messed peradventure would bear seed if our up raggedy bunch of color. The sim­ sharp winter did not hinder it." Dean ple process of doubling a flower is bad Herbert also comments upon this seed­ enough-I can think of no flower lessness which we can also cavil at: which the doubling has really im­ " It is strange that no writer has ever proved. Only the rose and the chrys­ described the seed of this plant nor anthemum have not suffered by it have I ever seen it. Hill speaks of and with these the doubling has been sowing the seed in beds as if he had a natural development along perfectly readily obtained it and asserts that the natural lines, so that the result is not seedlings vary much in the shade of a jar to our sense of beauty of line or yellow and he gives a figure of a of shape, simply an addition of parts. double variety which is probably lost." Rose-shaped flowers and composites, And I add, " Praise God it is!" But, I because of their circular boss-like should be willing to give a great deal form, may easily fill up their centers to have even seen those with varying without wrecking the symmetry of the shades of yellow. form as is always the result in an S. lu.t ea and its varieties are native asymmetric flower. But even at that I to the eastern part of the Mediterranean still prefer the singles. region. Its leaves are about half an But to return to the library work. I inch wide, about a foot long when fully was overjoyed to find in The Garden, mature; there are 5 or 6 to each bulb London, for June 25, 1887, an ex- and are produced at flowering time Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 347 which is usually given as October, but geance. The leaves are blunt and this article says "autumn and winter.·' slightly glaucous-about an inch wide And Darnell states that they are rarely when fully developed. The bright yel­ produced after the end of November. low flowers are produced in autumn I have never known of any in this coun­ with tubes somewhat cylindrical and try to flower after the middle of Oc­ two inches long, segments oblong and tober. Can any southern gardener re­ from one to one and a half inches port a later flowering? This species has broad, that stamens are about half th~ several varieties as would be expected length of the segments. This would in so widely distributed a plant. give a flower considerably larger than S. lutea var. angustifolia is a form that of lutea. Of this species Darnell with narrower leaves and somewhat says nothing but I have seen it listed in smaller flowers which are produced in several European catalogs. more abundance. It also grows more S. colchiciflom is another old plant freely than the type. Darnell gives -"cultivated by CIusius and Parkin­ the additional information that "estab­ son, by the first as N a1'cissus per sicus lished clumps of the variety angus­ and by the latter under the name of the tifolia will always supply their beau­ lesser autumn or winter daffodil (N. tiful Crocus-like blossoms from Oc­ m£tu111-nalis 1ni'l101' )." This species tober to the end of Jariuary, provided should be eagerly sought for as it pos­ they can have just a little shelter, the sesses a delightful fragrance "perfum­ blossoms being of great substance ing with its Jassamine-scented flowers, stand the buffeting of the weather re­ the fields of the Crimea." The leaves markably well." Would that we could are narrow and linear, produced with get this plant into our gardens! the fruit in the spring for it flowers S. lutea var. g1'aeca from the moun­ without the foliage in autumn at about tains of Greece has very narrow leaves the same time as h£tea. The flowers and broader perianth segments. Dar­ are a "very pleasing pale or sulphur nell adds that the leaves are also very yellow"~the segments being nearly 'iln short and the flowers are almost stem­ inch and one-half long. I am wonder­ less and that the flowering season is ing if it could possibly be that Hall the same as that of the type. had seed of this species and mistook S. lutea var. sic~£la has not only nar­ them for lutea. It comes from the re­ rower leaves but also narrower and gions of the Black Sea, from the Cau­ more pointed segments. No habitat is casian Mountains to Crimea and is as given, but reference is made to a va­ hardy as its better known relative. I riety unnamed, or it might mean that have never noticed this species listed this variety is still being discussed­ in catalogs, nor do I find it in Bowles "the Cretan variety has considerably or Darnell. It has two varieties­ larger flowers." dal11ll,atica and pulchella, of which S. nwcrantha, which also passes un­ nothing is told. der the following names-latifolia, S. Fischeriana is a hardy spring stipitata and Clusiana (Boissier not blooming species from the Caucasus. Ker), is a native of "Palestine, Syria, The eight or nine leaves are strap­ Vies tern Persia, Asia Minor, etc."­ shaped, about three-fourths of an inch these "etcs." after the habitat of plants wide and are pale green covered with are always maddening with their ven- white bloom. At flowering time th~y 348 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

are about six inches long but later they raded past my envying sight like the lengthen. The flowers although of a e~1dless march of Banquo's descen­ bright cl.ear yellow are paler than those dants, scores of desirable bulbs which of Zutea and when fully expanded by were offered for a song, but here are the sun are as much as four inches in worth their weight in gold, if they can diameter. It is said to increase very be had at all-all a tantalizing dream freely. to us except through the long and pa­ Later on in that same year, October tient way of raising them from seed, 8, 1887, evidently in response to the if obtainable. How can American hor­ article, a W. B. Hartland, of Cork, ticulture advance if American garden­ writes, "Colchicums, Cyclamen hede­ ers are denied the privilege of trying raefoZiu1n and Sternbergia angustifoZ·ia out new plants? True, a few seep in make a pleasing effect now in my gar­ each year but their price is usually so den. The golden flowers of the Stern­ exorbitant that as far as the average bergia seen through the Ivy leaves of gardener is concerned they might as the Cyclamen which is now in bloom well not be offered. And the result is form a lovely contrast of pink and yel­ that the nurseryman who was daring low with white Colchicums." Thus far enough to get them in does not sell it is excellent, but he goes on to say enough to warrant his carrying them, that the Colchicums were spaced ' at and the stock gradually disappears. even distances through the large round ViburnU1/iL frag1'ans is a case in point. bed of the other two. Of all plants to A few years ago small plants of it were be used as bedders! What those old offered at $10.00; in England, plants Victorians would do! And yet who one to two feet high cost about seventy­ knows what our descendants shall say five cents. No sales were made the of our taste. The combination sounds first year that it was offered with the entrancing and far be it from me to result that the following season the question the honorable gentlemen from stock was destroyed to make room for Cork as to the permanence of that more profitable material. How can planting, but - sternbergias want a American horticulture advance if hot sunny site to flower well and cyc­ American gardeners are denied the lamens demand shade or semi-shade; privilege of trying out new plants? so anyone who contemplates trying I look forward to the time when our this combination should bear this in Society will have a trial garden of its mind before he buys his cyclamen own such as the Royal Horticultural corms at a dollar a cormlet. Society has at \i\Tisley, where new and During the past winter I ha~e rare plants may be tried out and then studied foreign plant catalogs more distributed to members. If a nominal than ever before, probably because I price is charged for the plants, it have had more English ones to pine would not be a costly undertaking as it over. Page after page of rhododen­ would then be practically self-support­ drons spread themselves before my ing. And if after a plant became es­ coveting eyes; there were shrubs and tablished in the trade it was with­ flowering trees of which I had never drawn from distribution, the nursery­ even head, and all with alluring men could have no complaint. On the descriptions which when looked up in contrary, they should rejoice at the Bailey or Bean lost none of their free advertising the plant received glamor ; unobtainable perennials pa- through our intrl)duction. A1'ctomccon californ.£c~ t 111-F l Gwe1 ' S natuml size

Arctomecon Californicum

By SUSAN D E L ANO McK EL VEY

In 1844 Captain J. c. Fremont ton, Massachusetts, w ho accom­ discovered fo r the first time this panied the w;'iter this past spring interesting member of the Poppy on a coll ecting trip to the south'west Family and in the " Botany" pub­ had been asked by the New York lished with hi s "R eport" is found Bot anical Garden to procure seeds a most excellent drawing of the and plants, the Garden hoping to plant. T he "Index Londinensis" introduce the species into cultiva­ cites four illustrations onl y, incl ud­ tion. ·While in Las Vegas, Nevada, ing Fremont's; all are reproductions w ith the help ofa local horticul­ of drawings. turist, Mr. C. M. Owen, the plant Mrs. Frederick M. Stone of M il- was promptly located not far t o [ 349 ] 350 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

Arctomecon californicum Torrey the south of that town; it was The plant forms dense clumps of fairly plentiful and on May third leaves close to the ground and the was both in flower and in fruit. flowers are produced above these Mrs. Stone secured the desired on slender, branched stems 14-24 material. inches in height; the leaves are a Pictures were taken by the au­ pale sage-green color and are cov­ ered with long pale hairs; they are thor with the assistance of her paddle-shaped in form, toothed at chauffeur-photographer, O. E. Ham­ the apex; the petals, filaments and ilton, and may be of interest as, anthers are a clear bright yellow, or so it is believed, the first pub­ the upper half of the pistil maroon. lished photographs of the Arcto111,econ Plentiful in the region where californicu111 in ats nClJtive habitat. photographed the species was found The southwest in the spring of also, although plants were less nu­ 1934 was drought-stricken and the merous, about ten miles to the gypsum-clay soil which the plant norhteast of Las Vegas, and again evidently prefers was caked and ap­ not far from St. Thomas, no great parently moistureless; despite this, distance to the north of the Muddy and although showing the effect of Mountains. The elevation about a recent bad sandstorm, it was Las Vegas is approximately 5,000 blooming well. Mr. Owen, how­ feet, in the last mentioned locality ever, felt that the size of the flow­ considerably lower, only 1,500 feet. ers and the height of the inflores­ Arnold Arboretum, Harvard Uni­ cences were less vigorous than usual. versity, July 27, 1934. The Utowana Eugenia A Shrub from the Gold Coast of West Africa; New to Cultivation

By DAVID FAIRCHILD

In my hand I hold a hard round joyed by epicures during the Middle seed that would almost pass for a Ages. So excessively did the brew­ Navy bean. I have just eaten the ers use them to give a fictitious slightly astringent, almost black fruit strength to their beers and spirits from which it came, and now I am that in time a penalty of 500 Pounds going to plant it and raise another was inflicted on any brewer found chanming Uittle Eugenia coronata, to having "Grains of Paradise" in his add to the hundreds of its kind be­ possessIOn. ing tried for the first time in cultiva­ Whatever may have been the true tion. history of these grains of paradise, This little plant means a great deal the fact remains that their importa­ to me; probably because, as I look tion in Europe gave to that part of at the seed in my hand, my mind the 'Nest coast of Africa from which returns to the day I first found it, they ·came the name of the "Grain and r remember the beautiful scene Coast." Today they have been so that burst upon me as I walked along long forgotten, that I don't suppose the strand, looking for plants and half a dozen botanists in America saw across the bay, the white walls have even so much as heard of of the haunted castle of Elmina, AmOmU111- gm91.a pamdisi. which stand to mark the spot of the It has always seemed to me a pity first foothold of Europeans on the thal in the process of developing our Gold Coast of Africa. gardens we have so often unconscious­ This castle, built by the French in ly removed from our plants almost all 1383, over a century before the dis­ of their historical romance or human covery of America, ,changed hands interest, as the news writers ,call it. repeatedly during the vicious na­ I doubt if it occurs to most of those tional sea fights of later centuries who grow plants in their yards ever bet wee n the Dutch, Portuguese, to enquire where the trees and shrubs French and English.* they gather about them came from. It is interesting to a botanist to They may know the name of the know that the quarrels which rav­ nursery firm from which they bought aged this coast had to do, not only them, but nothing more arouses their with gold but as much with a plant, curiosity. the peppery seeds of which were I am conscious that this shrub of called the "Grains of Paradise." mine will probably have all the ro­ These furnished one of the principal mance brushed off of it when it condiments for the strong drinks en- appears in the nursery catalogues of the future and I shall see it listed * A photograph of this castle, taken from the ,>Iace where the seeds of this shrub were collected, simply as ((Euge1~ia coronata, a free­ is reproduced in my Exploring for Plants (Mac­ millan Company), p age 548. flowering black fruited shrub with [ 351 1 352 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL :MAGAZI NE Oct., 1934

The Gold Coast Ellgenia as a low hedge

dark green foliage ; useful for and I take pleasure in imagining that hedges, etc." it existed there on the strand where This, however, does not deter me I found it, forming a solid cover al­ from investing it with as much of most down to the surf, away back in romance as I believe should attach to the fourteenth century when the first its debut; whatsoever the future may foreign sailors set foot on that tropi­ hold in store for it; for I believe the ·cal coast. facts of its arrival in A merica as a What first attracted me to it was new garden shrub are worth record­ the fact that it was growing where mg. th~ salt spray, and possibly even the It is against a dim background of sea in the stormy season, must reach bloody sea fights over the Grains of it. Desirable shrubs that can stand Paradise that I see my little shrub these conditions are not abundant, Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 853

E1Igenia coronata 354 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

and I was on the lookout for just showed their ability to withstand such plants for use on the shores of the lime and to make a reasonably Biscayne Bay in South Florida. Then rapid growth and, what is more, to when I found that the natives recog­ fruit heavily when only a foot or so nized in it a fruiting shrub of some high. The early fruiting habit has value I was more than ever keen to made it possible to get up a stock find some seeds to bring home. I of young plants quickly and even to found a single fruit and tasted the try it out as a hedge or border shrub meager black flesh that surrounds along one of the driveways of the the seed and decided it might attract Garden, where, owing to the traffic the children as well a s the birds of from automobiles, they are often Florida; but hunt as I would, with covered with limestone dust. Under my two 'carriers to help me, I 'could these rather difficult conditions the not for the life of me find more than little plants have grown and fruited a half dozen fruits. I thought this abundantly, and the birds have feast­ a bit strange, but since then I have ed upon the fruits. learned that even here in Florida, The small white flowers are not where it bears large crops of fruits, conspicuous, and the fruits are too the birds strip the bushes as soon as dark a red to be showy, but the dull, the fruits ripen. dark green of the thick leaves and This introduction was given the the general habit of the shrub make serial number of P . E. 1. 73117, and it very attractive. It is being tried a brief note about it was printed in on the seashore in Florida and in the Inventory of New Plants Intro­ Nassau but there has not yet been duced, Division of Foreign Plant time to demonstrate fully the be­ Exploration and Introduction of the havior of the species under these Department of Agriculture. It car­ conditions, although it can be said ries this identifying number today. that so far its growth has been satis­ factory. " In my notes of Ma rch I, 1927, I find th e original description as follows: Eugenia corona,ta, Perhaps I should have waited un­ Schum a nd Thonn. (Accession Number 1215.) An everg reen tree becoming a low, almost creep­ til more 'complete trails had been ing shrub on the seacoast within r each of the salt spray. It forms on the coast near E lmina Castle made and until it had been demon­ mnsses of several acres in ex tent which are Dot over 2 to 3 feet high. Its pretty white flo we,'s and strated that this is really an invalu­ da rk r ed, almost black fruits a re a ttractive. I able shrub for our seacoasts before think this would be a valuable shrub to grow on the seacoasts of Southern Florida where shrubs writing it up, but I am getting on in and tr ees which will sta nd the salt spray are in great demand. I hired n atives to collect fruits my life and cannot wait to do this; but only a very few, unfortunately, were ripe. Should be propa.gated jn greenhouses and sent to furthermore, there is the argument Cha pm an F ield ." that a certain amount of publicity is All this happened seven years ago. needed now in order that a wider In the meantime we . have learned and more thorough trial be made to more about it. Three p,lants arrived see how it will withstand the cool from six seeds sent in, and these winters of Florida and the excessive were planted in the test nursery of amount of lime in its coastal soils. the Plant Introduction Garden at What it will do in Southern Cali­ Chapman Field, Florida. The soil is fornia is also a question that can very rocky, and alkaline in reaction, only be answered by extensive trials. for the rock is an oolithic limestone. I have not always been fortunate From the beginning these plants in my choice of common names for Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 355 plant immigrants; some that bear ber of the Expedition, identified the the names of friends of mine have species. gone down to oblivion, but I do not A recent note from Dr. Dalziel anticipate that such a fate will be­ says: "I have no photos of it in West fall this one, for which I have chosen Africa, nor can I find it figured in the name "Utowana," in honor of botanical literature. I t would be all the Research Yacht of my friend the more interesting to see a photo Allison V. Armour. It was aboard showing the success you have made this yacht and with the stimulating of it." and helpful assistance of its owner With this description of its place that the Expedition of 1927, down of origin and the circumstances of the West Coast of Africa, was made, its migration to America, let me during which the little shrub was leave the Utowana Eugenia, to its found, and it was in the laboratory fate. of the Utowana that Dr. Dalziel, of THE KAMPONG. the Kew Herbarium, another mem- Coconut Grove, Florida. Notes on Tree .. Hardiness

By 'LEON CROIZAT

The winter of 1933-1 934 was of Iy burned. They also know that severity almost unmatched along many evergreens, likely t o stand our Eastern Coast. Lulled into a very low temperatures in their na­ feeling of security by the succes­ tive mountains will suffer in our sion of mild preceeding ·w inters gardens during a cold spell, al­ landscapemen, foresters and garden­ though each tree of any species may ers w ho had used shrubs and trees behave in its own fashion. native to more favored countries These examples could be multi­ have found their plantings in many plied and are mentioned briefly here cases severely hurt or sadly de­ to indicate that the t enderness of pleted by frost-kill. trees is relative and that the reason The losses of last season have of the difference of behavior during served the pu:·pose of acquainting cold weather may not be ascer­ landscape designers and silvicultur­ tained, after all, only through the ists with data of the t enderness of study of the mechanism and nature many species and varieties. A t ab­ of the lesions apparently due to the ulation of experiences reveals, how­ frost. If it is true that results of ever, much discrepancy as to ho"" far reaching moment often are well the trees and shrubs have stood achieved as the result of researches the rigor of the w inter. One find s narrowed to a limited fi eld of in­ that the same species are reported quiry one can not help thinking, "killed to the roots," or "severely nevertheless, that little progress in damaged," or "slightly damaged," the understanding of the question and it is not possible in the ma­ at hand is made in the minute study jority of cases to explain away the how cell s fare and eventually are difference in reported behavior w ith decomposed under the impact of errors in the naming of trees; with severe cold. the cultivation of unrecognized fa­ Freezing in the living orgal11sm vored varieties normally harder is a complex phenomenon w hi ch in­ than the type-species themselves; volves passing from life to death, with accidents of exposure. the inability of a living tissue to A i borictllturists of long experi­ come back to normalcy of function ence know that the t enderness of after a period of duress, and its plants capable of w ithstanding SOUle final decomposition into inert chemi­ degree of frost is relative, and will cal elements. T o en ounce the facts not be wrprised in learning that it in so broad a sense seems naive. has been my privilege to observe at Yet it is necessary to state them. the beginning of last May t wo Exactly as the microscopic study B.uxus sem,?ervirens growing almost of the lesions caused by frost-bite SIde by SIde, of the same size, or by pneumonia does not explain planted in the same ground and why certain favored individuals are into the same soil , one unscathed immune from them or more resis­ and in bloom, the other one severe- tant against them, so the knowl- [ 356 ] Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 357 edge of what goes on within one drought (the "winter" of many cell or a group of cells does not ac­ Southern American countries), it count for the fact that cells nearby, closely paralleling in a sense land­ or cells of the same nature be­ scapes familiar during February in longing to another organism of the our northern lands. This, of course, same species exhibit wholly differ­ is not analogy of resistance but ent vital coefficients. analogy of aspect. As to the fact, In the light of experience, the however, that cells are dormant in reason a plant dies from frost and winter on account of dehydration the reason another one of like kind with the protoplasm being able to survives involves the consideration withstand it, it may be said that in­ of questions of individual body-re­ telligent experimenters with and sistance, and suggests that it is growers of succulent plants, partic­ necessary to broaden the field of ularly of species from the southern inquiry in the effort to take in in a hemisphere, know well that the constructive sense factors which may specimens can be put to rest in sum­ be of a greater importance, pos­ mertime as affectively as our native sibly, than the action of frost it­ plants rest in winter. For this it self. Of late we have learned some­ is sufficient to place them in full thing of the subject of general re­ sun and water them just enough to sistance in animals, and without fol­ keep them alive. The action of cold lowing in the tracks of Sir Bose or and heat, in association with condi­ speaking here of the function of tions of drought, indeed, appear to endocrines we may surmise that be equally potent so that the study plants and animals, both being alike of what goes on within the cell­ cellular organisms, are related also walls would seem to require un­ in the field of individual and spe­ divided extension into the data of cific resistance against external in~ vegetative cycles, adaptation, mor­ j urious agents. phology, phylogenetics, soil chem­ The experiments consummated in istry and the like. the laboratory often exclude the These considerations suggest that f:-ee play of elements present in na­ the question of winter-hardiness is ture or assume likeness of effect as not wholly one of frost-action and identity of cause. In certain cases indicate that in the field of practical the result of patient investigations cultivation much can be accom­ concludes with the statement of evi-· plished through thoughtful care of dent and already well known facts. specimens in o:-der that their indi­ N. A. Maximow, for instance, in his vidual and specific "coefficient of paper "Internal factors of frost and body-resistance" may be increased drought resistance" (in "Protoplas­ through selective reproduction of rna," 1929) recognizes that analogy favored strains and efficient meth­ exists between frost and drought ods of handling. resistance. Since he himself warns The data published by Theodor that analogy is not identity I feei Basiner in 1861 ("Bulletin de 1a free to note that the analogy of ef­ Societe Imperiale des Natura1istes fects of drought and cold is familiar de Moscou," Tome XXXIV, No.2, to anyone who has observed a pp. 481-489) may be of actual in­ tropical landscape 111 periods of terest as they contribute something 358 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 to our understanding of the subject also so protected had died, only a in its theoretical and practical sense. few sprouting back from their roots In the early spring following an in the spring, the facts tend to bear extremely cold win t e r (during out Basiner's contention that the which in not less than five occa­ warming up of the trees by sun­ sions temperature below 35 Fhr. rays reflected upon the snow, this were recorded) Basiner observed taking place at the most unseason­ that ash, cherry, pear, apple trees able time, may have been the essen­ and maples of the School of For­ tial cause of the damage. Basiner's estry of Kief (Ucraina, Southern added suggestion that snow lying Russia) were damaged in a peculiar under and around valuable speci­ way. These trees, mostly 4-6, some mens should be covered with man­ 8··10 years old, exhibited at the ure, ashes or soil does not seem to trunk at an height of from 2 to 4 be worthless, as the baneful effect feet a ring of bark turned sickly, of a sudden warming up of tree grey-brown and exuding a brownish parts during the cold weather has fluid. Below 2 feet and above 4- been noted by many observers. feet the trees were sound. At the Basiner further notes that the trees end of May, somewhat later than that stood better the rigors of that the undamaged trees, the plants memorable winter were those from that suffered in this manner brought the southern, comparatively temper­ forth leaves and in some cases flow­ ate zone, belonging to species that ers, which, however soon withered do not stand the normally milder as they could not be fed from the winter in Petrograd. Amongst the roots. A new growth of branches trees that did not suffer or were took place below the damaged spots. damaged only in part, or in single Basiner concluded that since the specimens Basiner lists, Populus nigra extreme cold had been accomplished var. pyramidalis, Populus d'ilatata, by clear skies and absence of wind, luglans regia, 1I101'us alba, Fagus syl­ and had been preceded by the fall vatica, Rhus cotinus, Rhus t'yphina, of snow lying 1,%-3 feet deep upon Eleagnus angustifolio, Syri11ga chinen­ the ground at the time of the cold­ J1is, A11'Lpelopsis hederacea, Staphylea est snap, the lesions must be at­ tr'ifolia, Acer negundo, Robinia pseu­ tributed to the warming up of the do acacia, Robiwia viscosa, Rob£nia his­ trunks by reflected sun-rays from pida, Ta11'larix gallica, A11'Iorpha fru­ the snow. To justify his conclusion ticosa, C oh~t e a arborescens. Covered Basiner not e s that the u p per entirely by snow young specimens of branches of the affected trees had notoriously tender species, Bu,'rus not suffered; that trees screened by sempervire11s, Taxus baccata, Z elkovo other vegetation at the southern and crenata, K oelreuteria paniculato, Pali­ eastern side were not damaged; uru.s acu.leatus, I aS111inum~ fntticans that specimens of Catalpa syringae· did not suffer at all. folia and Sophora japon£ca, protected To this table Basiner appends the with a thin straw-mattress, altogether remark that Fraxinus and Acer pseu,­ pervious to cold, had pulled through doplatanus, trees from the north, unscathed. If it is true which the found up to the 60th parallel, fared conscientious Ba·siner ~otes , that badly, and quotes Hartig (in "VoIls­ Peach-trees and Hybiscus s')wwcus taendige Naturgeschichte der £orst- Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 359 li chen KuIturpftanzen Deutschlands," ods of cultivation as the outcome 1851) to the effect that in Germany of too cold a spell. trees of those genera and species The fact that trees from temper­ often are damaged by frost up to ate zones went undamaged through the age of 10-15 years. the winter of which Basiner writes In the conclusions of his study while trees from the north suffered Basiner says that the trees from the heavily, tends to imply that in the southern temperate zone that stood former the mechanism of adaptation the terrific cold in Kief can not be to changes in temperature is en­ grown in Petrograd; not because dowed with greater elasticity than of the severity of Petrograd's cli­ in the latter. It is well known that mate but because the growing sea­ plant-life which has evolved resist­ son in that season is too short for ance against extremes of any kind. these trees to evolve their normal (e. g., Cactus against drought) fares growth-cycle. This, in my judg­ badly when its environment is ment, is a thoughtful observation of changed. The same is observed of far reaching practical import as animals and man does not escape its again it tells that to be winter­ rule. Basiner's parting remark that hardy under conditions of abnormal plants obey the laws that govern severity a tree must have been af­ animals, and that trees and men are forded the opportunity of develop­ unequally capable of answering to ing normally and fully, to say must cultivation and culture, some re­ have been planted right, in the soil sponding to it more readily and that suits its best without attempts fully than other ones although all at late cultivation or unseasonal of them may come from the same transplanting. In other words the parts, seems to me a ·cold, matter­ "body-resistance" of the tree must of-fact statement rather than the be built up because tenderness in utterance of a poetic thought worth winter may be as much the result of a pupil of Buffon or Rousseau of improper soil and faulty meth- but not of a student of Pasteur. Chinese Hairy Chestnut, ag e about 20 yem's, bagged for b'reeding purposes, Bell, Md. This tree, known as 0-16, has nev er bl·ighted and bem's 1'egular C1' OPS of lar ge nuts.

Blight Resistant Oriental Chestnuts in the Eastern United States

By H. P. STOKE, Virginia

The destruction of the native Ameri­ tensive exploration work in China and can chestnut forests by the Oriental had sent back seed and root cuttings chestnut bark disease was doubtless growing there. When it became appar­ the greatest catastrophe that ever be­ ent that the American chestnut was fell the forests of America, except, of threatened with destruction the work course, the white man himself. Un­ was speeded up and was still further able to wipe out the disease, or even hastened when, in 1914, it was found control its spread, the federal govern­ that the disease was of Chinese origin, ment early set about to overcome the in the reasonable hope that Chinese staggering loss by introducing blight­ species might prove resistant to it. resistant species. Of the four species found in China As early as 1901, three years before and the one in Japan, the Chinese the discovery of chestnut blight on hairy chestnut, Castanea mollissima, is American soil, G. D. Brill, of the of­ the most promising from a horticultural fice of Foreign Plant Introduction, B-u­ standpoint. In size, form and habit of reau of Plant Industry, had done ex- growth it is similar to a well grown [3601 Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 361 apple tree, though rather larger and in color. The leaves are small, slender more upright. Bearing begins at from and fall in the autumn. The wild seed­ five to seven years from seed. The ling nuts are about the same size as twigs, which contribute to the name of those of the Chinese seedlings, but the the species, are covered with fine dark genius of the Japanese has produced hairs and are grayish in color. The horticultural strains with nuts two leaves are similar in size to those of inches across. In flavor they are in­ the American chestnut, but are a ferior to the American and Chinese darker green and with more wrinkled species, but are superior to those of surface. The dead leaves hang on the Europe. Among the Japanese they are trees all the winter, after the manner a common article of diet and make a of the white oak. The burrs contain really palatable dish, either boiled or from one to three nuts and are covered roasted. with stiffer spines than are the Ameri­ Heavy crops are the rule and no can species. Ripening begins in south­ chestnut, except some hybrids, comes west Virginia early in September, con­ into bearing at such an early age. siderably in advance of the native nuts, From a nursery row grown from seed and possibly for that reason are much planted in the spring of 1932 the freer from attacks of the chestnut wee­ writer picked a mat!lt:e nut in the au­ vil. tumn of 1933, a period of eighteen The seedling trees vary widely in months. Like the Chinese chestnut the bearing habits and the size of nuts Japanese is highly blight resistant but produced. As an average the nuts run does not withstand extreme drought somewhat larger than the American so well. chestnut, with quality about the same. In 1912 an experimental chestnut or­ Select specimens produce nuts as chard was established at Bell, Md., fif­ large as the European chestnuts found teen miles northeast of Washington, on our eastern coast, and in sweet­ D. C. This planting consisted of both ness and texture surpass any chestnut foreign and domestic varieties as well ever sampled by the writer. Some of as many hybrids, the result of Dr. Van these select trees are now being propa­ Fleet's careful work. Inasmuch as the gated as horticultural strains. No planting was experimental no effort difficulty has been experienced in was made to protect the trees from grafting and budding the 11'bollissima on blight infection from the surrounding its own roots, but for the writer it has native chestnut growth. As a result consistently refused to accept the stock of this and other experiments it has of the Japanese chestnut. Curiously been demonstrated that not only the enough, in spite of this refusal, it read­ Chinese hairy chestnut and the J apa­ ily hybridizes with the Japanese, which nese chestnut, but also numerous hy­ characteristic seems common among brids are highly resistant to the dis­ all chestnuts. The tree is blight and ease. Now, after more than twenty drought resistant to a high degree. years, the native growth has entirely The Japanese species, Castanea cre­ disappeared while many of the trees nata, produces the largest of all chest­ planted by Dr. Van Fleet are growing nuts. The tree is similar in size and vigorously and bearing regular crops. habit of growth to the Chinese. The The hybrids resulting from the va­ twigs are slender and reddish-brown rious crosses show many interesting 362 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 variations. Some are low-growing, d~mestic trees, evidence of such sur­ sprawling shrubs; others are large, gery being found on trees judged to be vigorous trees. There is also much from two to three hundred years old. variation in foliage, fruit and resis­ Experience in this country has tance to disease. The presence of the proved that some trees are stricken and die from the disease; some are at­ blood of the alder-leaved chinkapin, tacked but recover of themselves, while Castanea alnifolia, is evidenced by a other trees, equally exposed, have tendency to blossom and bear contin­ never been attacked. The fact that the uously throughout the season. The trees have withstood the disease for nuts occurring in masses, are usually a long period in the Orient indicates small and of little value. that they will do so in this country. One hybrid, a cross between the Furthermore, selection and propaga­ Chinese hairy chestnut and the Ameri­ tion of trees that have not been sub­ can chinkapin, Castanea pUJlnila, and ject to attack w:ill in all probability re­ designated as S-8 in government rec­ sult in strains wholly immune to the ords, is worthy of more than passing blight. notice. The tree is thrifty, blight re­ The writer does not believe that sistant and bears regular crops of nuts either the Chinese hairy chestnut or of good size and quality. the Japanese chestnut will ever be able It grafts and buds readily on any to compete successfully with our more stock on which the writer has tried it vigorous native growth as a forest and bears at a very early age. Being tree, but does believe that select horti­ self-sterile it requires cross-polleniza­ cultural strains offer real possibilities tion. Both Chinese and Japanese spe­ as a profitable orchard crop. It may cies are self-fertile so far as the writer be confidently stated that the difficul­ has observed. ties facing the orchardist in planting It must not be understood that Ori­ Oriental chestnuts are certainly no ental chestnuts are immune to blight. greater than those facing the grower of Explorers of the U. S. Department of apples at the present time. The tree Agriculture have found evidence that is quite as hardy as the apple, the fruit the disease has probably existed in certainly much less susceptible to the China for centuries, with the Chinese attack of insect pests and it will be chestnut as its host. The Chinese many years be"fore the domestic supply carefully cut away the diseased bark of can meet present demands. K. F. McCusker Going South . Collecting Plants Beyond the Frontier In Northern British Columbia

By MARY G. HENRY

PART IV After riding 18 miles, the night of Pass and dropped down to timberline September 6th found us camped on the on the other side, a distance of 17 miles. south fork of the Sikanni Chief River, We retired about ten. Shortly after with charred wrecks of trees all about midnight I awoke and heard a scarcely us and a threatening sky overhead. audible pattering on the tent. I reached The morning had dawned gray and my hand outside and, as I guessed, the bleak, with a temperature of 18 de­ ground was covered with snow. grees at six, and except for a brief rift I started a fire at five-thirty. It was in the clouds in early afternoon, the still snowing and the cook-tent across day had been a dark and cheerless one. the stream seemed a long way off. Vie were due to cross over the Cari­ After breakfast we packed up as fast bou Pass the next day, and from time as we could under the trying circum­ to time during the evening we exam­ stances. ined the sky as the gathering dark It was eight-thirty before we were in clouds unmistakably foretold a storm. our saddles, and the snow was falling After leaving this camp there was no fast. We forded the river and rode for fit place to stop until we crossed the some time through burnt timber. 'vVe [ 363] 364 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct., 1934

Ma'YY G. Henry Caribou Pass

were n S1l1g higher every minute, and real yo ung blizzard was 011 in earnest in consequence the temperature fell and scarcely a word was spoken by rapidly. The snow was dry and very anyone as we pushed ahead as best we slippery and by this time most of us could. were on foot and leading our horses, A n enormous, freshly made foot­ in an effort to keep warm. print crossing Ollr trail told us that a Suddenly I found myself flat on the grizzly was not far off, a sheep could ground, with my face buried in the be seen on a nearby mountainside, and snow. I got up quickly, inwardly re­ now and then a few almost snow-white joicing that no one had seen my pre­ ptarmigan fluttered away. These last dicament. I had to let go my horse looked so small and helpless, and yet when I fell and it was not easy to catch they were perfectly able to cope with him, for as soon as I ran up abreast of the situati on that was anything but him, he put on extra speed and left me easy for us. away behind. Finally I got him cor­ This was one place we could not nered against two of the other horses stop; we had no choice, we just had to and managed to grab a rein. go ahead. So on and on we went with By the time we were above timber­ a sort of dogged determination and I line the wind was blowing very hard wondered when, if ever, we would and howling around the mountain tops, reach the summit of the Pass. We and it had become very, ve ry cold. A were walking right into the teeth of the Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 365

gale and we were so cold we could dark clouds hung low over the moun­ hardly speak, and the snow continued tains, while straight in front of us the to fall. on the green earth everywhere as far An indefinite period of time passed, sky was blue and the sun was shining and still we climbed and climbed. as we could see. Finally we started on the last long I do not ever remember to have been pull toward the final ridge and it surely so pleased with, and so grateful for, its did seem a long way off. delicious life-giving warmth. Thanks to a kind Providence, we After our exciting day we celebrated reached the top of the Caribou Pass, in the evening by having an extra big altitude 6,000 feet, and were over, at camp fire. But our greatest celebration last! came in a way we least expected. It The wind was still blowing, but less came from overhead. After retiring f fiercely, and fortunately the violent for the ni ght, someone called to look gale had ceased. It was intensely cold, out, and as we did heads emerged but the snow was lessening and had from all the other tents too. The become very fine, so we could see quite "N orthern Lights" were the finest we plainly the beautiful white mountains had ever seen. At first several wide which rose about us on all sides. rays of light appeared in the sky and It was truly a most magnificent then these vanished completely, when spectacle. We seemed to be right in the whole horizon became illuminated the center of a wonderful white world. with a pale green glow. Only for a There was not a particle of uncov­ few minutes, however, as long narrow ered earth, and except for black, per­ darts of li ght, that seemed to reach pendicular patches of rock on the from heaven to earth, took their place mountains, snow covered everything. in the sky, while just ahove the moun­ This was the 1110st wintry place I ever tain tops was a distinct rosy radiation. saw. We all stooel speechless in admiration Still on foot, we dropped slowly of all this unexpected glory. Various down to a broad Alpine meadow about other darts and dashes Game and went. 1,000 feet below the Pass. TL1e snow Sometimes the change came suddenly had entirely ceased and much of the and sometimes the lights simply ground was bare. Our way was over seemed to facie away. The wonder a stretch of sphagnum moss, almost a and magnificence of such splendor in bog. It was very soft and wet and we the sky was very compelling. sank ankle deep at every step. Our In about half an hour all was as be­ horses had scarcely carried us all day, ,fore and we returned to earth again, so we mounted them once more, rode when a realization came that it was over the soft ground and around the freezing hard, and we were all decided­ shoulder of a mountain. ly chilly, so we rolled into our sleeping We descended rapidly to a lower bags once more and closed our eyes level and in a little while the sun ap­ for the night. peared from under a cloud and shone The following day while riding along brightly. the upper Graham River, in an open It was hard to believe that only a meadow, we scared up a flock of Blue few miles back there was a blizzard on Grouse and to our great surprise one the Pass. was pure white. Behind us we could see nothing; Norman, Jr., went after it with his 366 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

M a1''J' C;. H en'r y ExplO1'ing a tmppe1-' s cache

.45 and in a short time tied it on his was about to purchase a pistol to take saddle along with two others. He is a along on the trip, Norman, J r., sug­ remarkably good shot. Lately he gested one like his own. Whereupon brought in 19 blue grouse, spruce hens, I asked him if he did not think Howard and ptarmigan with the heads shot off too small for such a big weapon. I 18 of the 19, which amazed the cook, cannot forget his reply, "A .45 will as a .45 caliber Colt is no easy weapon make him as big as anybody." Next to handle. day Howard had one of his own. Howard, too, shoots well. When he Early in the season we met many of Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZJiNE 367

Ma·ry C. Hmry Chum and I leading the pack these birds with pretty little families a welcome addition to our very re­ toddling after them. We never mo­ stricted fare. lested one then. But by this time the While our tent was being set up, young w~re quite grown up, and as September 8th, I wandered about in they were excellent eating, they formed search of plants as usual, and ran 368 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

M. MY LT. 1:1 en'ry M t. Lauric1' across Howard with his .22 caliber pis­ usually a crack in the rock, or root of tol, looking for Blue Grouse. I joined some sort in which I could get my toe him and we soon ran into some of and scramble up. We struggled these birds. He insisted that I shoot through a dark, dense forest of balsam. first, so when I dropped two with Just above timber line the surface of three shots Howard was more pleased the mountain, where there were no than if he had done it himself. He rocks, was covered by deep, dry lichen then shot a third. This was enough with patches of Dryas integrifolia, for a nice breakfast. -Vaccinium Vitis-I daea and Arcto- On September 9th we crossed Lau­ staphylos 1'ubra. Underneath the rier Pass, which is nobly guarded by ground was pure peat. Mt. Laurier, and I saw the first plants As morning passed the sky became of Rhododend1'on albiflorum I had overcast, and soon we saw a storm was seen this summer. This was near the imminent, so we made a bee-line for Pass. There were also Phyllodoce the summit. It was all very steep and, e111,pet7'ijormis, S o1'b~£s dU114osa, with as we were traveling as fast as we its handsome ripe red fruit hanging in could, we rose rapidly. High up we clusters, and a Sa11f/,bucus sp., also with crossed a stretch of broken, stony red berries. shale and, in spite of the lateness of I climbed another mountain on Sep­ the season, there were growing in it tember 10th. In many places it was a gorgeous array of polemoniu111, myo­ so steep it was all I could do to reach sotis, and saxifrage, all in their prime up some of the high rocks over which of life. The wind was swirling around we had to go, but luckily there was the mountain top and rain soon started Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 369

Mary G. Henry Dryas integ1'ifolia, snow a few feet away and drove in our faces, no matter which enjoy the afternoon. I do take great way we turned. Near the summit un­ pleasure in finding the wonderful der foot the wet, hard peat was covered mountain flowers, but somehow I no­ with a dwarf Salix, and every now and tice that on the days I find scarcely a then appeared a deep blue bell of plant to dig or a flower to press, the Campanula lasiowrpa. pure joy of climbing seems just as When we reached the top the icy keen, so dearly do I love romping up wind blew so hard my vision was im­ and down the mountains with their paired and I had to flatten myself on rigid, dwarfed and stunted balsams the ground beside a big rock in order clinging tightly to their sides at timber to obtain a view. Luckily the rain line, with tiny willows climbing as soon stopped. A tiny saxifrage was in high as they can, and with beautiful bloom up here. What brave little alpine flowers growing in all the pos­ plants these mountain flowers are! We sible and impossible places they can had made good time on the way up so find. the day was yet young, and I told Mc­ Time came to return but I did not Cusker, who accompanied me, I would choose the shortest way home. There like to go up a few small nearby peaks, was a big meadow, altitude 5,000 feet, before returning. There was nothing just above timber line, and to my sur­ different in the flower line, but the pris~ ri.umerous aconites and delphin-. sky had now cleared .and I surely did iL)111S , even at this late date, were still 370 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

JosePhine H en1'Y Salix brachycarpa, a 12-foot specimen growing near Graham River in full bloom. We came to timber very much more than a trickle, and the about 500 feet below this. We aimed side walls were of almost perpendicu­ for, and soon reached, a ravine and, as lar rock. We slid down. Tall firs quite we hoped, at the bottom of it there was high above us had the effect of making water. The stream was a tiny one, not the little ravine seem deeper than it Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 371 really was, and the pale blue sky which was drying out toadstools, pre­ seemed very far away. Straight out paratory to storing them for the win­ in front of us and looking at the moun­ ter, and they all used exactly the same tain on the opposite side of the valley method of drying. We ·saw them was the only way we could see. The again and again carrying toadstools view was restricted, yes, but it was not up the tree trunks, and then, after the less beautiful because of this. There going out cautiously along a limb, was a little shelf of rock and I just place the toadstool carefully where it naturally sank down on it. The could not be spilled by the wind; and streamlet was trickling by, only a few upon several occasions we saw these inches away, and the sparkling water most intelligent little animals j Ul11p tasted good: I was not tired, I never up and down briskly on the branch did seem to be tired, but I just wanted beside it, undoubtedly to see if the the luxury of sitting still and enjoy­ toadstool was sufficiently steady to ing the fragrance of the firs and the withstand the vicissitudes to which it simple but rich beauty about me. would be liable during its period of I see it all now, even as I saw it drying out. then, and know I can never forget. The morning of September 14th In a short time we continued down was cold, very cold indeed, so I was the ravine and, as sometimes happens, not surprised when I crept out of my the stream disappeared underground. sleeping-bag and looked at the ther­ In some places the rocks were quite mometer with my flashlight, to see sheer, but it was an easy matter to that it registered but 12 degrees. Frost drop down these. Going up this way was on everything in sight, so thick it would have been more difficult. The almost looked like snow. The tents, descent did not take long. ropes, the trees, each twig with all We enjoyed our huge camp fire its needles, and every blade of grass immensely in the evening and we were all sparkling wonderfully with thought the Victrola sounded partiCll­ millions of tiny crystals, and the dark larly beautiful in that narrow valley; sky was full of shining stars. No with abrupt mountains rising on either sound had yet disturbed the early side. We had learned from previous morning stillness. In a few minutes trips that a Victrola is at its best with I heard Cliff busying himself in tbe a camp fire in the foreground and cook-tent, and soon Norman was bus­ black darkness beyond, and even an tling about and in a short time he had ordinary, everyday melody sounded a big blaze before our tent. wonderfully lovely in the calm shade Another mountain today; it was my of a tall fir tree or the purple shadow last this summer. I started out about of a mountainside. nine accompanied, as usual, by Mc­ We came to the Graham River Cusker. V.,r e followed a moose and again next day, and I can never for­ deer trail that led us up along a get how cunning the little squirrels stream. There was a good bit of were. They were especially thick in muskeg and in places I sank in almost pine forests above the river where to my knees; in other places the trees the ground was hard and dry, and grew so densely that it was difficult were evidently filling their larder in to penetrate the forest. It was dark- . anticipation of a long winter. They so dark and so cold I rather suspected were all busy at the same occupation, that the ground might be frozen not 372 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

Josephine H ellry Looking ove?' 11'/,Y precious cans of plG11ts far from the surface. I was, there­ rapidly and as we watched, a storm fore, not surprised to note that the was gathering up the valley, \ Ve were trees were balsams. Every now and above timber line in a short time, then we came across a few plants of climbing up over rocks. These rocks Rhododendron albifiorum; the blo0111 were big and we could not see much of course had long since passed. ahead. Suddenly we had to stop. A Vve soon left the trail and took a steep precIpIce with perpendicular more direct way to the top. It was walls about 500 feet deep or more was very steep and, thank goodness, the right before us. It was strewn with trees were not growing so closely, but quantities of enormOl1S squarish, the deep soft moss slowed us up con­ broken rocks, many as large as small siderably. houses, \Ve looked over and saw that Before long we were on the edge it was impossible to cross this wild of the forest. The much smaller trees abyss. It was necessary to descend about us were quite scattered, and into a little valley slightly to the north, prostrate junipers were much in evi­ and then to start upwards again. It dence. Beneath our feet the ground was slow work clambering over the was hard, stony, and dry. As we went huge rocks. Vi e traversed a. knoll higher we came to large fine patches that was covered with hard peat be­ of Vacciniu1n Vit.is-I daea, and 111 tween the outcropping stones, and I moister, peaty pockets there were was immensely pleased to see Loise­ some Phyllodoce empet?'ifonnis. leU1,ia proc~t?nbens growing profusely The sky soon began to cloud up all around us. This tiny shrublet is Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 373

Mary C. Henry Cassiope on Mt. Lauriet related to the rhododendrons, and, ture in the ground, and where it when I first knew it, used to be called grows it is one of the finest carpeting Azalea procumbens. It is a darling, plants I have ever seen. As it was semi-creeping little thing, and only necessary to return this way, I post­ nses about 2-4 inches fr0111 the poned my digging until then. ground. The almost microscopic The sky soon became intensely flower buds were in place and ready black overhead, and in a couple of to unfold the following spring into minutes such a heavy fall of snow set tiny pink azalea flowers. The small, in we could hardly see more than a hard, evergreen leaves were scarcely few feet before us. 34 inch long and 1/ 16 inch wide. McCusker glanced around for shel­ Loiseleuria procmnbens is a circum­ ter and we soon came to an over­ polar species. I have seen it growing hanging rock that gave us the protec­ in the Swiss Alps. It is a most choice tion we needed. Our sandwiches then small shrub. This was a good oppor­ emerged, for it was time to eat, and tunity for me to dig some nice plants, by the time our short meal was over for the hard peat would make good the snow had lessened sufficiently to baIls. C ampanula lasioca1'pa was here see ahead, so we continued our way. too, and even at this late season it VI e crossed over a crevice in the was displaying its splendid deep blue rocks; it seemed to go down to bells, so large for such a tiny plant. China! Vve then descended slowly, Dryas integrifolia formed wide patches for the going was hard, but when we , all about where there was some mois- came to smaller rocks we could travel 374 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 faster, though some of the stones guard, and then the situation changed, were loose and had a way of going for the hiding ones emerged as the from beneath our feet. The snow had others disappeared. We sat and en­ nearly stopped by this time, and was joyed all this wild, weird grandeur­ melting almost as fast as it fell. We indeed I was quite spellbound by it soon aimed upwards towards the top all. But I did not want to fail to again from another angle, but this, reach the summit, and I knew we too, was steep. We headed for a slide could not grope our way through the which looked fairly firm from a dis­ snowstorm that was rapidly approach­ tance, but upon approaching saw it ing us. So we arose and hurried to was composed of a sort of loose, very the top. coarse gravel which slid at the slight­ The intense sun that shone for est touch. The worst of it was that about 20 minutes had melted much of it kept on sliding and gathering mo­ the snow and bared the ground in mentum until fairly large rocks were small patches so I could see what was caught up, and the reverberation it underfoot. The surface was covered made must have sounded for miles. with a typical Alpine turf composed We quickly crossed this difficult place. of dryas, antenna ria, vaccinium, etc., The steep climbing made us very intermixed with several kinds of warm. We were nearing the summit lichen. Through these Anemone, Aco­ rapidly and just below it we reached nitum delph inifolitt1n, potentilla and an alpine meadow which was fairly Oxytropis arctobia were scattered. level. We stopped a few minutes, sat Gray rocks showed in many places. on the snow, and scanned the moun­ In a short time we stood on the tain tops with glasses for a sign of summit. Mountains were rising all the other members of our party, who around us, but many mountain tops were scattered over the mountainsides, were still hidden from sight by the but saw no life of any kind. clouds. The altitude of the moun­ In the north the sky showed us the tains was lower here than in the coun­ blackest gathering of clouds we had try farther north, though of course we seen all summer, so we knew another had been travelling really in the storm was brewing. But why look at eastern slopes of the Rockies all sum­ the dark side? Overhead was a small mer, and not in the highest ranges. blue patch, and in it the sun was shin­ I was wondering, as I stood here ing brightly. Of course it could not be on my last mountain top of this sea­ for long, but it surely was the "silver son, when I would be standing on my lining" I had hoped for all day. next mountain. I hoped it would be Many of the mountain tops were the coming year. But next season was hidden by snowstorms. Each moun­ a long way off and I knew full well tain, strange to say, seemed to gather "There's many a slip." I was going a storm of its own. The huge black to have the fun of planning, anyhow­ cloud we had been watching was com­ nothing could spoil that. Then, even ing up the valley and told us that our if I never reached my beloved N orth­ storm would strike us soon. The snow­ land again, I should always remember white mountains all about seemed to how intensely I had enjoyed even the be playing "hide-and-seek" in the mere thought of going. clouds; sometimes some were com­ I hoped the next trip would be pletely hidden while others seemed on farther north and that we would Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 375

Josephine Henry M a?'y Gibson H enry start fr0111 Alaska and cross the moun­ tains as there was this summer. How tains fr0111 West to East. I wanted to I thrilled to think of the days I aim straight ( of course our trail should spend on the trail, hoping it would be far from straight) for Mt. would be early in the year when Mary Henry, and I hoped there would there would be those grand long days be time to climb twice as many moun- that start at 3 or 4 in the morning, 376 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 and with ever changing, magnificent would reach my goal. I longed to scenery continue the round of the sun see her snow-mantled pile nearby. I in the sky until she dips her fiery wanted to meander leisurely around sphere behind the farthest mountain's her base and to climb, as fast as I skyline, about 11 P. M., new flowers could, her sides. I longed to sleep on opening on the mountains, meadows her rocks, and to see the first rays of of fallen sky, and thousands that the rising sun turn her sides to a scar­ bloom between. Hours, days, even let like molten metal, and the last rays weeks, perhaps, of this gorgeous bliss! of the sun at night to make her glow As every rainbow has its "pot of like gold. And then, at last, when gold," so every trip bas its "pot of shadows come, peeping from my sleep­ gold" too. And often, like the one at ing-bag for one long last look before the foot of the rainbow, it is never, I closed my eyes, I wanted to see her never reached. But there is some­ dark blue form being gathered into thing that always makes me hope and the night. spurs me on, and it is: When I All these thoughts made me feel cannot reach the "pot of gold" I am very quiet, and I lingered here for after, another always springs up and some time in complete silence. At last takes its place. 1 turned around, and slowly drank A powerful philosophy is necessary deeply of all I saw about me and, for to carry us through life, and when we tIj,e storm was almost on us then, we cannot get exactly what we want, we descended as fast as we could. needs 11lu st make the best of what is The cold wind was blowing hard ours already and be thankful, remem­ and in a moment I could scarcely see bering always that "a bird in the hand through the driving snow. We did is worth two in the bush." (My own not stop this time, for we were anx­ version of this little axiom is, "A hush ious to get to a lower altitude, so we in the hand is worth two birds in a hurried on over the slippery snow. In bush." ) a little while the storm abated. Mc­ So if the "Tropical Valley" was not Cusker was ahead and making haste . all, in my great enthusiasm, I hoped down over a loose slide of gravel and it would be, the marvelous scenery small stones, from which the snow, on and transcending beauty of the flow­ this lower level, was fast disappearing. ers every day this summer made the The slide was perhaps a hundred feet trip vastly worthwhile for me; aside long, and the minute we set our feet from many other reasons we all en­ on it, it began to move. I was about joyed it too. It is true that, unques­ 50 feet behind, almost running and tionably, our trifling discomforts trying hard not to lose my balance. tended to accentuate an appreciation Something made me look up. The of the fact that the best times are only biggest black bear I ever saw \-vas to be had by contrast, and we enjoy standing on the little knoll we were good times a hundredfold when hard aiming for. For the fraction of a work brings them to us. minute he did not move. Halted in But next time the "pot of gold" I his stride, with one hind foot behind will be after will be, I hope, a visit to the other, his inky body formed a my own mountain, for such it will striking figure against the snow­ always be to me, Mt. Mary Henry. flecked rocks. A wild animal seen in And, oh, how I hoped this time I his native lair is always an extraordi- Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 377

IV! a.1'y G. Henry Abies lasiocarpa, dark g1'een form, 30-40 feet tall, altitude 4,000 feet

narily handsome sight, and thi ~ one blue, or bluer, than any Koster's was no exception. Rocks and small spruce. stones dislodged by our feet, as we I was of course by this time quite made our way over the "slide," were thoroughly soaked, for I had neither still rolling noisily down the nloun­ coat nor sweater and my bare hands, tain, and the bear, deciding we were roughed and torn by the rocks, were not to be trusted, ran lithely like a as red as my shirt. cat and disappeared quickly over the After following down the stream far side of the knoll, which we we came to a slight rise in the ground reached a few minutes afterwards. where about a dozen huge spruces I dug up the Loiseleuria procum­ grew closely together. Soon there was bens and C a111,pamda lasiocarpa. We a slender streak of smoke and the de­ then made our way rapidly over the licious aroma of burning spruce slippery rocks, and soon we were in needles rose slowly in the still air. the cold, dark balsam forest again. It After drying out a bit we continued was rather surprising to me to learn our way, and returned to camp in that these Abies lasiocarpa, 30 to 40 time for supper, when it began to feet tall, covered with such deep green snow and, as Chand lee said, "The leaves, are the same species as the Rakes were as large ~s eggs." , , very different looking prostrate or H e, too, had seen a big black bear semi -prostrate Abies lasioca1'pa that and its hide was now hanging near grew at tinlber lil.le and that were as his tent. 378 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

Mary G. H em"y Abies lasiocarpa, prostrate blue form, timberline, altitude 4,600 fe et

Next day we awoke to find every­ heard their bells tinkling all through thing covered with snow and it was the night. We started our ride at all very white and very beautiful. The eight and our trail, a well beaten one horses were easy to round up, for from now on, was a gradual descent they had stayed. nearby, and we had all day towards the Peace River. Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 379

The spruce trees became much silver and its leaves that, too, ap­ larger at a lower elevation and formed peared almost as if of the .same pre­ a close and massive forest. As the cious metal, made this shrub stand way was downhill we covered the out as one of the most beautiful things ground fairly quickly, most of us on I know at this season of the year. foot. It was with' a pang, when we Roses were growing in almost every came to the brow of a hill, that I saw dry open space. Seed stalks of Del­ the broad valley of the Peace with its phinitm1 scoptbloru111 glaucum showed noble river flowing down the centre up in nearly every meadow and also and nestled on its banks a ranch. usually in half shady places, as did Our trip was almost at an end. The those of Aconitum delphinifoz.ium. mountains had been our home these Polemoniums were conspicuous by eleven weeks. The floor of the forest their absence, and S111ilacina racemosa or the alpine meadow had been our thrived under the trees. Allium bed, and we had lived amid all the schoenopmsum sibiricu111 was in bloom beauty of an untarnished world. Our in wet sand. E1'igeron philadelphicu111 faces were tanned by sun and wind was also in flower, and Aster Rich­ and as we walked we trod easily, for ardsoni'i, 3 inches high, covered with we had tramped many, many miles. its showy lavender flowers, was form­ Our way took us along the Peace ing fine mats and creeping down the River for two days. Spirea lucida was bank growing plentifully on the high bank, After breakfast Josephine and I the flowers of course long past. It is strolled up the river for a few miles. a pretty, dainty little shrub. Rosa When we started out we had only acicularis was very ornamental with intended going a short distance, but, its handsome red stems and prickles, as was so often the case, the farther and good sized clusters of fruit of the we wandered the farther we wanted same color. The forests wen~ com­ to go. A river bank with moist and posed of spruce and poplar mostly, sandy soil, like an .open book for those with a few birches in places, and who care to read the writing, tells the there were a very l"imited number of story of its most recent four-footed Larix laricina. Prunus de111,issa and vIsItors. Here there were tracks of a P. pennsylvanica were carrying ripe deer, and we saw how it had walked fruit, and so was A1nelanchier flor,ida. timidly to the water, and then having Lonicera glaucescens bore an abun­ been suddenly disturbed, its running dant crop of its pretty orange berries. footsteps disappeared into the forest. There were many shrubby willows, In a little while there were the im­ Salix brachywrpa and S. arbuscu­ prints a good-sized bear had made. At loides being always plentiful. C ornus first alone, and then we saw in a min­ stolonifera and Viburnum pauciflorwm ute where she had coaxed her young formed much of the shrubbery. Shep­ one from the forest. And then, being herdia argentea) always a most beauti­ in the open, she must have remained ful small tree, was entirely satisfying quite still, for the little toe marks of when covered with its small yellow her baby showed where it played bells which emitted a heavy, sweet, about her for some time while she­ honey-like fragrance. It was more, all mothers are alike-looked on with far more than satisfying later, for its pride. little olive-like fruits of almost pure As we followed these and many 380 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

B . H. Chandlee N On1WI1 H enr)l riding th1'm,£gh 3IOWIf/,g forest of sp1'uce and w hite poplar, near Peace River.

others we saw that a coyote, a prairIe in fact, two hours passed before we wolf, had been slinking along in hid­ regained camp. ing amongst the shoulder high wil­ 'N e rode along the river more or lows, waiting, following and watching less all day, and camped just above for its prey. There were moose tracks, the Peace River Canyon. I found a too, many of them. nice fossil on the beach here, which So we wandered on and on until I reminded me that I had heard that realized regretfull y, after rounding one the remains of a dinosaur skeleton had corner after another, that considerable been taken from the Canyon some time had elapsed and we 111ust return; years ago. Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 381

K. F. M cC1/sker The little town of Hudson Hope, B. C.

September 17th I mounted Chum We had struggled over many, many and sadly started on this, our last weary but happy miles together, day's ride. We had been close com­ through heat and cold, and storm' and panions for 80 days and the thought of sunshine, and then Chum, dear Chum, parting really hurt. I put my face against his soft black \Ve passed through some primitive cheek and kissed his nose good-bye. ranches off and on all day. In one After covering over 1,000 miles our place Vaccinium canadense grew abun~ journey was ended. dantly and it was decked in all its Noone of the sixteen of Us was sick splendid autumn red. C o 'y1~us cana­ a minute, nor did we have one un­ densis was carrying its tiny burden of pleasant incident of any kind the en­ brilliant scarlet fruits. tire 80 days. The scenery and the About three o'clock we came to the flowers every day were beautiful be­ top of the hill that we must descend yond my fondest expectations. I had to reach the little town of Hudson hoped that a rise in temperature, even Hope. After turning a corner we of a few degrees, might have made easily saw the handful of houses that more difference in the plant life near told us our trip was over, and we were the hot springs. However, my family back in the arms of ci vilization once and I have no regrets; it was just more. Yes, it was hard to believe, for these thoughts that gave us the best the 80 days had all slid by surprisingly and most interesting trip we ever had. and amazingly fast. Slowly we rode After supper the evening passed down the long hill, in single file as quickly until, though the glowing em­ was our custom. Our tents were set bers that had been logs coaxed us to up right in the middle of the tiny linger, we at last bid each other good­ town. Vve came to a halt. I dis­ night. mounted. All best friends must part. The following morning, September 382 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

18th, Cliff called us at 3 :40 for break­ Crossed Prophet River July 19th. fast and we were sorry to see it was Crossed Musqua River July 23rd. cloudy. Of course it was pitch black, Crossed Howard Ri"er July 26th (lat. but there were lighted candles in the 058, long. 123 0 44', altitude 2,550 breakfast tent and these gave a pleas­ feet) . ant, cheerful glow. It was still dark Crossed Henry River July 30th (lat. when I stepped outside to finish stow­ 580 30', long. 123 0 56', altitude ing my plants in packing cases, by the 2,300 feet). firelight, for the days were very short. Crossed Norman River August 4th Our belongings were few and by about (altitude 2,830 feet). six we were all packed and ready to go. Saw IVlt. Mary Henry August 5th A wagon had arrived to cart our (lat. 580 35', long. 1240 30', alti­ duffle down the hill, in order to load tude 9,000 feet). it into the little open boat that was to Crossed Tetsa River August 6th take us down the Peace River. I (Met Sikanni Indians and Chief's turned and watched them pile our last son, who led us to Hot Springs on things on the wagon. Our tents were Toad River). empty, our fires were not burning, Crossed Racing River at junction of and in a minute we were all moving Toad River and visited so-called away ourselves. The others were ahead. Tropical Valley August 9th (lat. Mechanically I picked up my coats 59 0 59' 7", long. 125 0 25', altitude to follow them. The best trip I ever 2,150 feet). Valley about three­ had in my life was over. No more quarter mile long and one-quarter swims in icy lakes and rivers night mile wide. or morning. No more going to bed Left Racing River August 11th. by the flickering light of a flame. I Saw Mt. Gibson August 13th (lat. thought of how I loved to get up at 57 0 53', long. 1240 25', altitude break of day and, stepping from my 9,000 feet). tent, see the mountains all about me Visited Lake Mary August 19th (lat. with the rising sun shining on their 580 24', long. 1240 25', 5 miles snowy heights. And I thought, too, long, altitude 4,100 feet). of the wonderful days I spent hours Visited Lake Josephine August 20th, and hours wandering around, wading one mile west of Lake Mary, 10 streams, and climbing up and down miles long. the many hills and dips, before I Crossed Henry River August 22nd. reached the mountains' tops. And I Crossed Howard River August 25th. saw again the marvelous panoramas Crossed MlIsqlla River August 26th. that lay unfolded before my eyes, and Crossed Prophet River August 30th. the flowers that grew at my feet! Crossed Halfway River September 8th. Continued south via Laurier Pass, * * * Graham River, and Aylard Creek. I appreciate tremendously the priv­ Returned Hudson Hope September ileges that have been mine and the 17th. power I had to enjoy. LOG: I made a collection of herbarium Left Ft. St. John July 1st, 1931. specimens for the Royal Botanic Gar­ Rode north along Halfway River. den, Edinburgh, and another for the Arrived Redfern Lake July 14th. Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 383

delphia, gathered 76 packages of seeds Francis W. Pennell, Academy of Nat­ for the Royal Botanic Garden, and ural Sciences, and Dr. Alfred Rehder brought home about 50 cans of living and Dr. Hugh A. Raup, of the Arnold plants for my experimental garden in Arboretum, who have identified these Gladwyne, Pa. plants; especially to Dr. Raup, who I am indebted to Sir William Wright has made such a <;:areful study and Smith, Royal Botanic Garden, and Dr. revision of my specimens.

Perennials for Cut Flowers

By STEPHEN F. HAMBLIN

The truism that you cannot eat stand up well even in water, some your cake and have it applies especial­ last but a few hours or close up as ly to cutting flowers from the hardy soon as removed from sunshine. As border. If you cut from your border flowers for the house are much in de­ when in bloom, except very sparingly, mand these days, it is good planning you just spoil the picture. Cut flow­ to grow some especially for cutting ers for the house and to give to only, so you may pick them all if f6ends must be grown elsewhere. As needed. It is suggested that these a lover of perennials I insist that most plants be grown in a special place, in cut flowers be raised from annuals, in the vegetable or herb garden, given rows among the beans and beets in plenty of food and attention so that the vegetable garden, given the same they will produce abundantly. They culture and gathered in the same gen­ should be of good root increase so erous way. There is no sacredness that they will withstand the plucking, about an annual. Yank it up and lop of easy culture and inexpensive to off its top with the same abandon as buy as plants or seeds, and of course you do to a cabbage or a carrot. But they should have an appeal to you for to cut the flowers of hardy perennials use in the house. There should be from their well ordered array in the variety in form and colors, but fra­ show border, that is a crime against grance often is of minor importance. nature and art. A person who will Only one fragrant flower should be cut stalks of lily or priceless iris for used at a time. an admiring friend is either most In March and earliest April I would reckless or generous. Unless cut with have large patches of the little snow­ great care, their presence will be sadly drop and blue Siberian squills. Pull missed through all their appointed the little flowers right out and place days. Few perennials outlast their with their own or special foliage. welcome in the flower border. After the usual florists' flowers of the Of course almost any perennial winter these fresh from nature are flower may be cut. Some do not most welcome. I like to hunt for the 384 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

almost stemless flowers of the sweet can cousin, shooting star (Dodecatheon violet (Viola odorata) and try to ar­ meadia). These are wonderful ' in a range them in a flat dish. Thev have bowl with orange oxlips, and they a fragrance that those grown in the will grow in the wet grass together. . frames or greenhouse seen. to lack. Blue phlox (Phlox divaricata) , in For wallflower effects plant the two blue, rose and .white, as well as in perennials, Cheirantln£s alpinus and violet shades, will grow just as well in E"ysi111.U111. ochroleucum, or related a row among the vegetables as in its kinds. They are as easy to grow as native woods. It is the most graceful their cousin the radish, and they give of all kinds of phlox for bouquets. glorious orange and yellow very early The clusters of the tall sorts of SUI11- in the spring. Of the sprin g anemones mer are too big and compact to be the best to pick is the European wood pleasin g when cut. For tall bouquets anemone (Anemone 11.e11101'osa) , of cut freely Dame's rocket ( H esperis which there are color varieti es and 11II.atronaiis) which is mostly biennial, double forms. These increase rather but seeds freely among the currants rapidly to large mats, but the pasque­ and in the garden corners. This is fl ower and blue Greek windflower do the fragrant fl ower of this season, not. Put in plenty of narcissus of the but on other days pull plenty of lily­ cheaper kinds. I like, particularly, of-the-vall ey, with foliage of fringed Angel's-tears (N arrcissus f1'iandTus) , bleeding heart (Dice,n,tra eximia). or but alas, I have not as yet any quan­ a few of the purpled-rose fl owers may tity so I can but adm.ire in place and be mixed with the white of the con­ would not dream of cutting. vallaria. Just put this under a tree In early May I range the swamps and the big colony will furnish special to pick a few marsh marigold (Caltha ferny foliage all summer. If you palustris). Some day I hope to have wish to anticipate the Japanese ane­ a brook with enough of these plants mone of autumn, get a long row of so that I can reap my own. With snowdrop anemone (A . sylvestris) them I must have plenty of orange with white nodding flow ers, or the and yellow trollius, huge clumps by more prolific native meadow anemone the brooksi de. I want primroses (A. canadensis) which spreads rapid­ enough so that I can pick freely with ly. The violet of the month is tufted a clear conscience, not the few hard­ pansy (Viola cormlta) in its wild pur­ e~rn ed plants that I now have. For ple or white forms, or its named gathering I prefer oxlip (P1'i11'Lula "J ersey" varieties, and with this plenty elatio1') in yellow and orange, and of the white Allegheny foamflower cowslip (P. veTis) in those and other (Tiarella c01'difolia) the best and colors. Son1.ehow I do not care to 111 0St prolific of the saxifrage family pick polyanthus (P. pol)lantha) , there of spring. If daisies are your love. is so much bulk to choose from that I begin now to cut the yellow ones of hesitate and pass them by for the doronicum, particularly the Caucasian more graceful oxlip and ·cowslip. Of leopard's bane (D. ca.u.casicum) , for the J aj:>anese kinds I hope to pick this is more vigorous and productive, handfuls of Siebold's primrose (P. though not as large, . as .the others. Sieboldii) with bi g open fl owers like In June there is plenty to ~ut so I lavender phlox. And with these there will but suggest. Have coll.!mbine should be a huge colony of its A meri- (Aquilegia) in nlany kinds in rows Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 385

among the beets, and cut very freely. double forms if I had any to spare. Don't pick our little red one from the while the big white Shasta daisy now woods. Raise the red long-spurred hy­ begins its two months of display. brids from seed and gather until you With the heat of July the crop of are satisfied. The best campanula to fl owers decreases, unless this even­ cut is peachlea f bellflower (C. per­ tuality is foreseen. Larkspur is gone, sicifolia) , even the large-fl owered and but clambering l110nkshod (Aconitum double forms. These last well in wat­ uncinatum) makes tall graceful violet er, while other species wither in water sprays of larkspur like flowers, with and refuse to open any more buds. plenty of white baby's breath for com­ The big delphiniums have to be cut panion, even the named double forms. with an axe and displayed from the Of lilies I can bear to cut little coral umbrella stand, unless side shoots are lily (Lilium tenuifolium) for it is picked. I prefer the lower Siberian slender and swaying, and so readily larkspur (D. g?'al1diflonm1,) , for not an easily is it increased even from only is a whole stem in scale with seed that I can afford a long row of most containers, but the colors range it. For company when cut or in its from blues to violet and rose and row in the garden I like vari ous kinds white and if freely cut, they will be of thalictrum, in white, rose, purple produced well into A ugust. The ear­ or yellow. For decorative effect when lier hybrid of the tall garden phlox cut the fl owers of thi s season are the (P. Arendsii) and the tall P. glaher­ meadow rues (Thalictl'U1n), and I like ?'im.a, as Miss Ling~ rd , are more them all as composition helpers. The graceful· than the larger hybric1s . gem of all in color is Yunnan meadow These will last many days in water, rue (T. diptel'ocarpum) with violet though casting their old flowers upon blossoms, but I have never had the table. This is the month of pinks, enough of it to dare cut it. Either I and I feel free to cut as many as I or the plant must be at fault, for this wish of the old grass or garden pink is the one species that does not grow (Dianthus plU111a1'ius) , but I like the well for me. When you get ac­ taller fringed lilac pink (D. superbus) quainted with pentstemons and have and the little maiden pink (D. deltoi­ increased them to rows, you will like des). These three will give you the the baby foxgloves for cutting. There whole range of pinks for cutting, un­ is a long color range in the tall kinds, less you like the tight heads of sweet­ reds, violets, blues and to white. From william. Pick freely the red little a damp spot I like to gather purple spires of coral bells (H euchera san­ loosestrife (L'ythru1n salicG1'ia) and guinea), and for fl eecy white to ac­ the white spires (with drooping tip) company them try Galiu1n b01'eale or of the clethra loosestrife (Lysimachia Aspe1'ula hexaphylla, the bedstraws clethl'oides). A special effect this that precede baby's breath. My fa­ month is the individual blossom of vorite cut fl ower of early summer is white plantainlily (H osta plantaginea, O;tucasian scabiosa in blue and white, or Funkia grandiflO1'a) set in a fl at more pleasing than the composites in di sh among Maidenhair or other foli­ form. But if you want daisies, there age. Each lasts only the day, but the are red and rose ones from painted fragranGe cools the whole room. Now lady or pyrethrum ( C hl'ysal1 the111,U111, the daisies increase, as gaillardia in coccineum) , and I would cut the orange-brown and yellow, coreopsis in 386 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 yellow, echinacea in queer rose-purple anthus, heliopsis, etc., and the earlier tones appear with more to come soon aster.s,. like .. .Italian . aster . (Aster . a1'nel~ in August. The best composite to cut lus) with big blue heads, or white up­ is achillea, The ' Pearl, or its other land aster (A. ptarmicoides) that re­ forms. Here this plant redeems itself. sembles achillea, The Pearl. In the garden its roots are a pest, and In September I can revel in sprays I once said that I would not plant it of Japanese anemone in all the named on my enemy's grave, but a bouquet kinds, until frost cuts them down. If of it with some larger colored flower you have luck with this plant, then would be an appropriate offering to have great rows of all its kinds. For my most intimate friend. cutting it is a relief from the endless The list in August is even shorter. composites that are everywhere now. I love to pick cardinal flower, so I I like H ele1'viu11t autu1'nnale in yellow make myself grow it in quantity. The or its maroon forms. It hardly seems only requirement is perpetual water. a cousin of boltonia and the many The white form of the large blue lo­ asters. These do not last well unless belia (Lobelia siphilitica alba) makes cut in the evening and put in water at a good companion; blue I like less. once; and in hot dry rooms they There are big blue perennial salvias. wither in one day. Of the Asters the but they wilt unless plopped into most h.sting is the New England, and water at once. I admire the orange its deep red-purple forms make a color of the old blackberry-lily (R el­ startling contrast with the white kinds. e1'ncanda chinensis) but I pick but Chrysanthemums of course finish the little, waiting for the blackberry seed season, and if the double garden kinds heads for winter bouquets. By mid­ are not wanted then the single white month the Hupeh anemone (A. hu­ daisies of C. sl:biricu'/II1, or the taller pehensis) begins to be plentiful, and C. uliginosum make pleasant compan­ I can enjoy this for many weeks. This ions to pink anemones. And last I go is the month of sea holly (Er')mgill11'l) into our wet meadows and pick a few in many kinds of blue and pale straw. of our closed gentian (just a few, for In the garden they are a bit queer, I have no wet spot of my own). to but cut they are quite decorative. enjoy their clear near-blue color and Their running mate for oddity are the imagine that I have rescued them globethistles (Echinops) , those ani­ from the autumn frost. mated golfballs in blue or green-yel­ STEPHEN F. HAMBLIN. low. Now there are plenty of daisies, such as stokesia, rudbeckia (try the The Lexington (Mass.) more slender Le pachys pin nata ) heli- Botanic Garden. A Book or Two

T1'ees of the Southeastern States. By characterization of the genera. There William Chambers Coker and Hen­ are good cross references. ry Roland Totten. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Ferns of the N O1,thwest. By Theodore Hill, 1934. 399 pages, illustrated. C. Frye, Ph. D. Metropolitan Price $2.00. Press, Portland, Oregon, 1934. 178 pages, illustrated. $2.00. The area covered by this book is Virginia, the two Carolinas, Georgia, This is a book for botanists rather and northern Florida. The author than gardeners, but now that garden­ states that 227 native trees and 21 for­ ers are finding out for themselves the eign trees are described, nearly all of interest of botanical reference works, which are illustrated by excellent such a statement is no longer a hin-' drawings of foliage, flowers, and drance, but an invitation. The group fruits. A key to the genera at the be­ covered includes club mosses, quill­ ginning of the descriptive text and worts, horsetails and the other related families. The area treated includes keys to the species of each genus in the Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana text make the book really usable. Un­ and Wyoming. der each species, in addition to the formal description, there is a discus­ There are keys for the families, the sion of the local distribution and inter­ genera and the species, all of them esting notes on the uses of the tree, simple enough to be used by the ama­ teur who will study the text and use together with brief characterizations of . the glossary. the better known varieties. The book has real value as a popular, yet tech­ The descriptions follow the usual nically reliable account of the trees of botanical pattern but many comments the region covered. and remarks make for easier reading P. R. and the localities cited should intrigue the roaming gardener within the area The Home Gardener's Pr01wuncing treated. Dictionary. Alfred C. Hottes, Edi­ tor, Meredith Publishing Company, H ow to A1'1'ange Flowers. By Dorothy Des Moines, Iowa. 100 pages, il­ Biddle. Doubleday, Doran, Garden lustrated. City, Long Island, New York. 96 pages, illustrated. $1.00. A very useful handbook in a new edition. The introduction is most en­ This is a very small book, very sim­ tertaining aud gives a definite state­ ply written with a few half tones and ment as to the authorities followed. The many line drawings. It touches on all entries include common names, ge­ the phases of flower arrangement that neric names, specific names and botani­ the beginner needs to know from :he cal terms in common use.-- In most cutting of the blooms to their lI1eVI­ cases there are short notes to give the table finaJ exhihition. r 387] The Gardener's Pocketbook

Cistus p~wpU'reus Lambert (fl'ontis­ C01'1'ection piece) On page 232 of the July issue of the The rich floral province generally magazine, in the pictures of Peony understood under the name Mediter­ Species, the legend reads, Fceonia tri­ ranean Region contains many fine te1'1tata. It should be Veitchii, for things, not the least important of tritenwta is properly figured on the which is the genus Cist ,~£s, Variolls preceding page, On page 220 the leg? species of this have long been grown end should be Fceonia trollioides (For­ here in California, where they seem restii) . For these errors, our apologies. to thrive in a climate so much like that of their home, Rock Garden Veronicas (see page 389) In view of this fact it is rather sur­ prising that Cist~£s pt£rpurens, here It would be a happy chance if it pictured, should have remained nn­ were possible to be more specific as to known in our local gardens for so the name of the veronica in the picture, long. It is easily the finest of the but unfortunately it is wiser to say only genus, its clear "Rose-color" blossoms that it represents one of the several averaging 20 inches in diameter, be­ forms of V. T euC1'ium, that are to be ing produced in abundance through found in cultivation, all of them plants a long blooming season. In contra­ that delight the beginning rock gar­ distinction to most other rose-colored dener and win half-hearted praise from species of Cistu,s the flowers of this the expert when they spread out their one lack that particular shade of ma­ pools of clear lavender-blue in the early genta-rose disliked by many gardeners, summer. They are not plants for the but are indeed a clean rose, set off by choicest of places nor for the cultivator the central tuft of golden yellow sta­ who delights only in accomplishing the mens and the dark maroon blotch at nearly impossible, for there is no trick the base of each petal. Even if the at all to their cultivation in any decent flowers are fugitive, lasting as a rule sunny spot where they can be allowed a single da" they are so numerous to spread out their annual growth that and showy that few flowering shrubs should be cut away after flowering to equal this in merit; and it well de­ make room for new growths. The illus­ serves to be counted among the best tration is about half natural size and newly introduced ornamentals in the shows the prodigality of the flowering, collections of Golden Gate Parle the pattern of the buds and flowers that Cistus p~£rpureus Lam. is a hybrid, completely hide the leafy stems be­ between C. ladaniferus and C. villosu,s, neath. Like many other such plants, the blotched petals and large flowers the color varies among seedlings with showing the influence of the former individual plants that tend toward rose parent, and the rose-color being trace­ color and an occasional white, as well able to the latter species. as the usual range of lavender blues. ERIC WALTHER Seedlings also vary in habit and stature San Francisco, Calif. and many individuals have been se- [ 388] Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 389

Michael Ca1"ron [See page 388] Garden fonn of V c1'oniw teu.cTiu111 390 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 lected to fit special purposes and please of the faded colors that appear among special tastes. There. ~s n? difficulty seedlings of the tall garden phloxes that in propagation by dIvIsIOn 111 summer come into bloom while this is still in after flowering so that if a particularly flower. pleasing individual appears in a garden Here there has been no difficulty in it can be increased at will. growing the plant in the ordinary bor­ Here the plants flower while there der where it has a reasonable amount are still masses of the warm purplish of full sunlight for part of the day. In pink armeria in flower, to make a vivid another garden where shade from combination with the cool clear color neighboring trees has become too of the veronicas, but if other sequences dense, the plants have dwindled and are wanted gray foliage and lemon yel­ grown poor ,and must be rescued, al­ low are happy combinations. though all about it in the same situa­ tion the familiar P. divaricata spreads Washington, D. C. and self sows with almost alarming rapidity. Phlox glabenima (See page 391) Washington, D . C. Among the species phloxes that do not appear in gardens as often as they Phaedranassa viridifiora Baker (See might is this low growing sort that page 393) fills in the flowering season after the It is with some hesitation that the earlier species have passed their prime. plant figured is given this name rather The illustration shows well enough the than P. chloracra Herb., inasmuch as size and type of the flowers and in­ the note in Bailey's Cyclopedia of florescence and it might even be Horticulture says that v'iridifiora may guessed that the color is one of those be rarely a variety of the latter species. tender and somewhat neutralized pink­ In our plant the flowers are certainly ish lavenders that fall into the group "mostly green" but the leaves are by of phlox purples of the color charts. no means solitary. In addition the Some of these are difficult to place with bulbs come to us from Peru, while the other colors but if it will be remem­ species is usually mentioned as only bered that they have a touch of gray in from Ecuador. their make-up, no trouble should fol­ In any case its inclusion here is low, for one will then choose lavenders more to make it a matter of record that will absorb the bluish cast of the than anything else, for as grown in flower and make it a clearer pink. the North in cool greenhouse condi­ Otherwise one might use the palest of tions it has little to make one wish to yenows, preferably a yellow in which give it room instead of more florifer­ there was no hint either of green or of ous plants, for early autumn flower­ orange. White flowers and gray fo­ ing. Possibly if its resting period liage of course need no recommenda­ were regulated, as can be done so tions. many amaryllids, it might be brought The color of this phlox should by no to flowering at a time when such means be confused with the more ma­ blooms are scarce. genta hues of the true P. a11wena or Curtis Botanical Magazine Tab. the more vivid pink of P. ovata, nor 5361 gives a good (lolor plate of P. should it be supposed to resemble some chloracra under the name P. obtusa, Oct., 1934 ?HE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 391

Lilian A. Guernsey [See page 390] Phlox glaberrima 392 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 except that the pattern on the lob is is mer with irregular flowering there­ not as sharply defined as might be. after until September by which time The photograph here shown, indicates they are replaced by the stiff and the pattern very clearly. In our plants slender pods that carry the seed. the ground color was a creamy white So far I. K i1'ilowii has yielded fine with greenish over pattern. Only harvests. As seed is the easiest means toward the bases of the tubes was of propagation, one might hope for as there any suggestion of reddish orange abundant crops on the first species. coloring and this very faint. Although some indigoferas are rath­ er weedy and of more use as forage Two Ha1'dy Indigofe1'as plants in the South, it is a temptation to read of the Chinese, I. dosua even Among the shrubs that come and if it is an Indian species, for the flow­ go in cultivation are many plants of ers are reported as red. Remember­ possibly secondary interest for which ing the contrast in pinks and rose and a word might be said from time to dull red in the flowers of B ntanini, one time, lest they be lost permanently. wonders what nuance of color might Two such are Indigofem Ki1'ilowii and be supplied here. Potanini, relatives of the indigo, but Possibly some of our readers can hardier-the first coming from Korea comment on other indigoferas they and North China and the latter from have grown or on the northern limits China. of hardiness of these two species? The first makes a shrub up to four feet, but in our garden it rarely ex­ \i\Tashington, D. C. ceeds three feet and in the most severe winters dies back to the ground, only F1'itilla?'ia l-ilacea (See page 394) to grow up again with full vigor and One of the interesting endemic abundant flowering. In some ways its bulbs of coastal central California leaves suggest those of the locust tree is F?'itilla1'ia liliacea. It is quite local, and its racemes of rose pink flowers limited in area and nowhere common. rise clearly above the foliage masses. It inhabits the same territory as Iris In several European catalogues longipetala, choosing with precision white forms of I. Ki1'ilowii have been the spots which provide for its noted. Possibly white flowers might needs, but never making such dense be even more charming in the masses colonies as the iris. Both grow in of cool green foliage but unless they thick grass and prefer a heavy are more freely produced than the loam which will absorb its full share pink ones, they might be lost. of the winter rains-this being the The second has made for us a rather only moisture which our climate stiff upright shrub about five feet tall provides. with such delicate and airy compound The fritillary inclines to open wind­ leaves that the structure of the plant sW,ept hill-tops rath'er than low is not obscured. Its flowers are rather swards, and though the general lo­ small but the racemes are so freelv cality is exposed the flower itself is produced that the whole shrub is filled usually sheltered by tall grass and with rosy masses of bloom. As an is sometimes hard to fincl. added virtue, they appear in midsu111- The flower-stalk varies from a Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 393

Lilia/! A. Cuernse3' [See page 390] Phcedmnassa virid1flora 394 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

Lewis J osselJln [See pa.ge 392] Fritilla1'ia liliacea

few inches to a foot in height, de­ LiliU.11'£ t e nuifoli~£111 Fisch. (See page pending on the amount of rain 395.) vouchsafed to it. The narrow leaves Why this lily was called " Coral grow part way up the stem and Lily" I do not understand, for the larger ones form a basal tuft. The color is the vivid shiny red of Chinese flowers are bell-shaped and 'wide­ lacquer and many visitors who see it mouthed and ride their stems with in flower ask me what the name of the jaunty perkiness. The flower itself lacquer red lily is. Since I have been is green and white, with a green growing both the type and Golden gland at the base of each petal, the Gleam, the two may have crossed, for interior of the corolla flecked with I have shades varying from a fairly brown and the petals clearing to­ dark red to a much lighter tone. How­ ward the tips to pure cream. The ever, this may happen wherever tenui­ whole effect is of delicate cream foliums are grown in quantity from and green. It is a gladdening ex­ seed and may have nothing to do with perience to suddenly happen on a cross mg. M arch or early April colony of L. tenuifoliu11'£ is one of the easiest these charming fritillaries. lilies to raise from seed, coming up like LESTER ROWNTREE. thin blades of grass within two weeks Carmel. California. after sowing. If one is sowing one's Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 395

Margaret De M. Brown [See page 394] Lili'U111 tenu. ifoli~(11t 396 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 own seed it should be done sparsely, Sapon(JJr£a oCY11'wides splendens-Linn. for every seed will germinate. I find (See page 397.) sowing out of doors in the autumn is not as good as I used to think, for last When in need of a rock plant for year I lost all my fall sown lilies. Now, sunny dry places that will grow over I plant either indoors in February or and down large rocks or cover a large March, or out of doors in early April, area from a small space for root, noth­ or even later in the summer. ing will quite fill the purpose as this The lily produces a few flowers the type of Saponaria. It has a long tap­ second summer and reaches maturity root that will sometimes attain a depth the third year. It is a dainty lily not of eighteen inches in light sandy soil, over three feet or three and one-haH but is usually about a foot. There feet high; the stem has slender linear seems to be no particular soil require­ leaves which have an upward swirling ments unless it could be that the flow­ movement, to the right, and are thick­ est and longest at the center of the ers seem to be deeper pink when grown stem. The flowers are vivid scarlet, in soil that is slightly alkaline. Full reflexed and waxy, and measure one sun is desired for best growth and and one-half inches across. The seg­ bloom. ments are reflexed and overlap. In­ The top spreads fairly flat from the side, the flower is marked a pale flesh crown a radius of six inches to two at the base of the segments, and there feet, depending on the age of the plant are tiny ridges in the red waxy part. and the fertility of the soil. A two The filaments are a muddy flesh color year old plant in ordinary garden soil and the anthers are covered with lac­ should be very nearly four feet in quer red pollen. It has a slight and diameter. Through June and July unpleasant odor. Sapona-ria ocymoides sple'l1del1s is en­ This year, somehow and quite unin­ tirely covered with clear rosy pink tentionally, some Lys£machia nU11J!L11~U­ flowers about one-fourth of an inch la1'ia crept in under these lilies and across. T11is plant is a good follow up made a perfect foil and ground cover for Arabis, Subulata Phloxes or early for them with it~ flat leaves and yellow rock garden bulbs. In using it to fol­ blossoms. The blue-flowered annual low bulbs it also makes a good ground Asperula o1-iental1:s goes well with it, cover to hide the ripening foliage that too. often is a problem. A delightful com­ The late E. H. Wilson says the lily bination is with N epeta 11I11SSilli and is triennial, but I do not think this is Phlox nivalis alba. true, for I have had some of the . lilies S apo11G.ria oCy11'wides s plendens is an in my garden much longer. Some of introduction from the sunny slopes of them do die out after a few years, but southern Europe where it is found in this may be due to a naite on the roots. abundance in the Alps. \iVhole barren Many lilies live a fairly short time, that mountain sides in Engadine are cov­ is, not over ten years, and should have ered with its rosy pink which gives the their stock increased from time to time. appearance of crimson from a distance. There is a white form, Saponaria oc31- HELEN M. Fox. moides splende11s alba, and many in­ Foxden, Peekskill, N. Y. termediates are often found among Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTI CULTURAL MAGAZINE 397

Nlichael C arran [See page 396 ] Sap011a1'ia ol/)'111-oides splel1dens 398 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934 seedlings. I notice some nurseries are brought into contrast with a pyra­ offering special color variations and cantha loaded with orange scarlet ber­ selections. ries and although the effect was strik­ IVAN N. ANDERSON. ing it was not unlovely. Other an­ Ballston, Virginia. nuals that harmonize or contrast well might include cosmos, petunias and plume coxcombs, while gayer contrasts might come from zinnias or African Verbena bona1'iens-is. (See page 399.) marigolds. in recent years there has been some­ Washington, D. C. thing of a revival of interest in verbenas other than the usual garden type, that has brought back to notice some of the forgotten species. Among these is the South American subject of this note. Four Rocky Mountain Plants Although this is listed as perennial or annual, it is much safer to consider it an annual, for such winters as that of 1933-34 make it so, although there was a plentiful supply of seedlings from the seed that fell in the beds. Seeds germinate readily under ordi­ nary treatment and soon grow into vig­ orous upright branching plants about four feet high with typical coarse leaves and rough square stems. The crowded heads produce innumerable small buddleia-like flowers of deep lav­ ender with reddish purple tubes that add to the intensity of the color. The Pri1mda angllstifolia plants begin to flower by midsummer The tiniest thing in primulas. Each and continue until frost. plant a dainty little miss sending up Although there are myriads of flow­ perfect, clear rosy pink flowers ers, the plant makes a rather misty with a clean white centre the whole mass of color such as one gets from plant under two inches high and thalictrums or eupatoriums, rather three inches diameter. These alpine than definite color masses such as primulas carry their color well per­ come frO)l1 phlox or delphinium. For haps because they have such good this reason it is best to use six or seven substance and unusual texture. They plants in a clump and to use many seem to be adaptable if not overfed, clumps through the back portions of but they insist on grit and leaf mold the border. Since it is in flower with and on moisture at the roots. the phloxes and continues well into the N ow that most of us use tile for season of perennial asters and J ap­ sub-irrigation of our rock gardens, we anese anemones, some combinations can gIve these a sure-wet spot near are obvious. Last season chance a tile. Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 399

---.. -....-.:..-- - Lilian A. Guel'nsey [See page 398 ] Verbena bonm·iensis (natu1'al size) 400 THE NATIONAL HORTKULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

for all this fuss we make about sun or shade, heat or cold, high or low altitude but they do care very de­ cidedly about the physical content and the condition of the medium in which their roots are. This eritrichium sulked in one part of the moraine with a surface of two inches of leafmold. Only forty feet away in the same moraine it took hold and seems at home in a mixture of sand and gravel, no leaf­ mold, no soil-always with moisture P1'i1'l'Lula Parryi from below and at no time depen­ This is always a surprise when dent on fortuitous showers or over­ we find it at home. It is so entirely head sprinkling. different in character and size from all other alpine vegetation. Lush M e1'tensia alpina foliage more than a foot high and While this alpine mertensia bears large clear polyanthus primula flow­ a strong family resemblance to its ers three-fourths to an inch in di­ sisters and its cousins and its aunts ameter on IS-inch stems seems so of varying rankness, it is fine enough Incongruous in a region of low­ in texture and satisfyingly compact g row i n g brilliant-colored small for the smallest rock garden. things. The color is from deep rose The foliage is typical mertensia to purple crimson with a clear blue green. The flowers in terminal creamy eye. In substance it sug­ clusters of bluest sky-blue appear gests a Primula auricula. to weight the outer stems and pull Erratic in distribution we find it them downwards so it's well to anywhere from timberline where plant them by the higher crags in there is plenty of humus all the the alpine garden. way up to the highest point where Certain of the subalpine merten­ any vegetation appears, with no sias are to be found straying up in­ apparent soil except disintegrated to alpine regions in Colorado but granite but always where its toes the true Jill e?'tensia alpina seems to be are moist. Water runs into the hole rare except on Pike's Peak where at once when we have dug it. one finds whole drifts of it at 12,000 to 13 ,000 feet. It transplants readily but takes E1'it?'ichiu1n argenteu111 sometime to feel enough at home to The most coveted of all the je'wels bloom and probably it appreciates in the crown of the high mountains. semi-shade in low ·altitudes. It Even Farrer's own description is in­ seems to like plenty of moisture but adequate. like all the Rocky Mountain things, The more I collect and grow na­ it must have its toes in gravel to be tive plants from widely varying con­ happy. ditions, the more I tend to the con­ KATHLEEN N. MARRIAGE. viction that they don't care a hoot Colorado Springs, Colo. Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 401

E. L. Cml!dall [See page 402] O"iental Cherry, Gjloilw (half natural size) 402 T H E NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct., 1934

PrU11.1,£S se1'1'u,lata Lindl. Ori ~ nta l Gyoiko, which is fairly well known cherry. Variety Gyoiko. (See on both Coasts, but not common, is page 401. ) one of a group of closely related forms The vast majority of flowers make that have greenish or yellowish green their appeal almost entirely through fl owers. A nother of these is U kol1, the their attractive coloring, either as in­ J apanese equiv al ~ nt for "yellowish," dividuals or by reason of their mass which is very similar in general aspect effect. Occasionally, however, one to Gyoiko, but has larger, light green­ finds examples of flowers with a quite ish yellow fl owers without the deeper different sort of appeal, not so much green stripes or the narrow red stripes dependent on beauty itself as on some on the petals. In the arboretum of the curious departure from the conven­ N ew York Botanical Garden there is tional idea of what constitutes beauty. a tree of Ukon standing on a knoll The oriental cherry variety Gyoiko close to a number of evergreen trees. certainly falls within this class. The W hen the afternoon sun shines on the Japanese name means "imperi al yel­ pale yellow-green of this tree, against lowish costume," and refers to the pe­ the dark background, the effect is very CLlliar yellowish green color of the striking. fl owers. Except fo r the color of the A fo rm of U kon with paler yellow­ fl owers, this variety does not differ in ish green fl owers has been distin­ general habit from many of the more guished by the J apa nes~ authority commonly grown O riental cherries. M iyoshi under the name Asagi, or The upright-spreading tree is gener­ "light-green." For all practical pur­ ally less than 20 feet high, with brown poses, however, these two varieties are twigs and dark-gray bark, and the synonymous. young fo liage, which appears at ahout There is another variety, K aba­ the time that the fl owers are nearly at zakura, or "vinous pink," that has their prime, is bronze green. T he clusters of semi-double fl owers. The youngest fl ower buds are pale pink, outer petals are greenish, stained with with the calyx deep reddish brown, deep pink, while the inner petals are and the narrowly triangular sepals en­ pale greenish yellow. Besides these, tire or occasionally somewhat serrate. there are several other very closely re­ The semi-double fl owers, with about lated and scarcely distingui shable broadly oval, emarginate petals, are 15 fo m1s in this group, including Shin­ approximately one and one-half inches nishiki and K iriginu. across. In color they are light yellow­ ish green, irregularly striped with PAUL RUSSELL. deeper green. The pink color seen in Washington, D. C. the young buds is visible at the tips of a few of the petals, and there are some­ Zinnia angustifolia (See page 403. ) times narrow deep pink stripes run­ ning down the centers of the petals. T oday the word zinnia calls to mind The flowers of this rather odd variety some of the many improved strains of assume a delicate pink color just be­ garden zinnias that are such improve­ fo re falling, as if they had indeed ments in color and fo rm over the .wild finally repented of their unconventional Zinnia elegans. Less often one finds behavior. the wild species represented. Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 403

L-i I ian A. C; lte'Y1/ S ey [See page 402 ] Zinnia angustifolia (nat~wal size) 404 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

Accident rather than design led to Our tall privet hedges also suffered, the finding of the subject of this note, but we have not cut them down, train­ which is one of the smaller forms with ing the new shoots up, hoping to keep colors that trespass into the field of the their height. I dislike privet so much, French marigolds but with a pattern of as it requires trimming four times a their own. The illustration shows year, and wish we had started Yew, clearly enough what this is but does for by this time, some twenty years, not suggest the velvety richness of the we could have had a good sized hedge petal texture nor the curious way in and so much labor saved. whi ch color suffuses over the light Campamda lactiflom. It was nice to margins as the fl ower ages. Like all see this good plant mentioned. Some zinnias, it is of the easiest culture and years ago, an American friend who rewards the grower abundantly with had lived years in England was in my flowers from midsummer until frost. garden here and said Campanula lacti­ liVashington, D. C. jlO1'a would fl ourish in several damp shady places on my stream. Later she sent me a quantity of seed, both of it COMMENT and C. latifolia, writing both were Am interested in the Notes on Win­ rather hard to transplant and to ter Injury in the April number just establi sh. received. It is surprising to learn the The usual vicissitudes occurred, but Pymcantha yunnanensis of such size at last I had them established in vari­ were killed to the ground near Wash­ ous places in the garden, and then ington, when here where it was very these last three years they have had to much colder (30 miles west of Phila­ fight for themselves. Of the two C. delphia, in a valley), mine was not latifol·ia is the better garden plant. Its hurt at all, but C otoneaste1' salicifolia, purple variety is very sturdy and some 10 to 15 feet, were. I had hopes comes up amongst grass in the most of their showing life, so did not cut obliging manner. It grows to about down at once, and finally some shoots four feet and its long tubular bells are appeared at the base of their trunks, very effective. The white variety is which were some seven inches circum­ more beautiful and just for that reason ference. is not so strong in growth ; it some­ Unfortunately, when cut down they what resembles a stalk of lily when its were not protected by wire, and some whiteness gleams against.a green back­ ubiquitous chi ckens scratched and bit ground. C. lactiflora is of a bluish off these shoots. I am hoping more milky white and never stands upright, will come, but shall miss the fin~ but fl ops about and quite resents stak­ bronze fOliage that made a striking ing. I did not get it established on note in winter arrangements of ever­ the stream, however, so it may do bet­ greens. P hotinia also succumbed' it ter in a damper place, for my one sur­ was placed as were the Coto neas~e r s vnTlng clump is in an extremely dry on the north side of a five foot stone one. wall and somewhat shaded by a privet FRANCES EDGE McILVAINE. hedge across the fifteen foot roadway. Downingtown, Pa. Index for Volume 13 Figures in itaLics indicate illustrations

Abies balsa mea hudsonica ______152 Ch ionodoxa Luciliae ______148 lasiocarpa ______.288, 377, 377, 378 Chr'J!sant i1 emnm integ rifolinln ____ . ______278 Aconitum delphinifolinln-- 66, 68, 271, 374, 379 1'adicans ______.. ______315, 316 Actea ntb,'a ______275 Chrysothall!/'lu,s B'igelovii ______100 A lli'U1/'l, schoenopl'asHIn sibiriclt1n ______379 Cis h,ts pnr p'nreus _____ .______388 Alyss1t1n, Lilac Queen ______320 Claytonia virginiana ____ .______148 A melanchier florida ______,273, 283 Clematis, American for American Gar- Anderson, L N ,: dens ______.______76 Ca ll1panula lactiflora ______200 Clelll atis Addisonii ______83 Saponal'in oCY1'lwides splendells ___ 396 albicoma ______. ____ .,__ 84 A ne II 1011 e p(J!rviflo 1'0 ______74 alp ina ______.77, 94 pat e ns ______145 Q1{rea _____ ._.______90 pavo niana ______317, 318 B aite1'i ______._ 84 pulsatilla ______145 Baldwinii ______82, 84, 92 q~tinq1, tefolia ______146 B eadlei ___ .______._____ .______84 thalic tl'O ides ______145 B ig e lovi i ______.______84 Annuals, Some E xperiences with ______319 B revifol'ia ______78 A ph'J!llanthes m01~spelie nsis ______312 Cat esbyana ______78 cordata ______84 Aq~tileg ia brevistyla ______66 crispa ______.77, 82, 84, 92, 93

A l'e nOl~i~c~;i,~a~~~ --::::::~~:::=:::=:::::::::::::_= ~_ ~: ~ ~ ~ ~f~:~~'~~ ~~ __ =::::::::::::::::::::::::::=::::::::::::= ~6 tetmqnetra gl'a'llGtensis ______314 divaricata ______92 A,'ctol11 econ cali/ornicnm ______349, 349, 350 diversi!oba ______90 Al'ctostaphylos ntbra ______,272, 286, 386 Doug I as i,i ______,84 , 88 Arctotis gl'andis ______:______320 Dntmmondii __ .. ______78 A sarnm canadensis ______146 eriophom ______84, 85 Aspel'ula ol'ientalis ______320 filifera ______. _____ .______84 Aster L indl eyamts ______270 flaccida ______.______84 R icha rdsoni i ______379 flml!1n7da ______77 Af1'iplex canescens ______100 b·~~;;~;~,~~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_ ~=: __ ~~: ~~ gla%cophylla ______85 Bal'tonia all'rea ______320 g1'ossesermta ______90 Bates, Alfred: Gypsy Queen ______301 , 305 The Illusive Ivy ______234 h VI' S1,tt-iSS ima ______84, 86 B e rbel'is vennclliosa ______150 int egl"i/ 01 ia ______.______92 vulgaris ______322 ] ackmani ______76 Berry, S, Stillman: J onesii ______84, 86 I r'is Wattii ______1 58, 192 lamtginosa ______.. __ 91 B eltda glandnlosa ______285, 290 lasiantlta ______,78, 80 Botani zing in New Mexico ______100 lignstic-ifolia ______.77, 78, 80, 94 B 0 f1'yc hi~tm Itt nar ia ______73 B1'achycome -ibel'idi/olia ______319, 321 '~:i~;~!:f:,~~i; ---:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ B,'ovlJallia amel'icana ______, ______320 ?Ie 0 -me _1:i co na ______78 obliqua ______.______86 ocl11'ole~tCa ______82, 84, 86, 92 Cal th a pahtstr is ______146 onentalts ______90 C ampam,da Q1'vat ica ______317 ovata ______86 cuatl'a casa s i i ______314 Palmel'i ______.__ 86 decumbens ______314 panic1-tlata _, ______77, 80, 90 lactiflora ______200, 20 1, 404 pmtciflora ______78 , 80 lasiocarpa ______285 , 368, 373, 377 Pitcheri ____ .______82, 84, 87 la.ti/olia ______404 pia ttensis ______87 1'o hmdifolia alaskana ______277, 278 pseudo-alpina ______.. 77, 90, 94 s pe ci osa ______311 1'e pens ______90 Cap pa'r is spinosa ______31 1 retiwlata ______.______82, 87 Cassiope sp. _._ . ______.______373 Cast i lie ja R anpii ______._._ .. ____ ,______,______274 ~~~~~;t~f ::::::::::::::::::::::::=::::::=::=:::::: ~~ Cha1Naec yparis ob tusa nana de1'l,sa ______152 S c ~ ttii ------82, 83, 8/- pisi/em fili/era na,na _._. __ .___ ._. ______152 sencea ______87 Chestnuts, Blight Resistant OrientaL_ ___ 360 S i111 S i i ---- ______87, 91 [405] 406 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

telvuiioba ______90 Erige1'on Iwvinskiamls ______. ______321 texensiL______77, 80, 81, 82, 88, 91, 94 philadelphieum ______. ______379 Trol,ltbeckiana ______82, 88, 89 E"i!l1.aeeo. pttngens .______.311, 312 v e1' sie 0 10 r ______82 , 92 E"i'11US hispo.nic11s ______317 v e'rt ic iUar is ______77, 90 E r it'r,i ehi1b1'n G1' 9 entetlln ______._ 400 ve1,tieilla1'is COht111,biana ______77, 91, 92 Erodi1,(;(J1 cheilanthifoli1U1t ______._ 312, 315 vi01'na ______77, 80, 88, 92 petraewln ______.311 , 317 viorni 0 ides ______88 E,'yngiu111 g lacialis ______._. 315, 316 vitalba ______77, 80 E rythronium, Maroon-Throated _._ .... ______196 vitica1tiis ______88 E ssig, E. 0. : vitieella ______90 Fuchsias ______1 Walteri ______82, 88, 93 Eucalypt11s cit?'iodo1'a ______. ______206, 208 Wyethii ______88 c 01'nl,tta _. ______210 Cleolne spinosa ______307 corynocalyx __ . ______209 Cleth,'a alnifolia ______308 erythrone1n(z ______20G, 212 Collecting Plants Beyond the F rontier fi cifolia ______.______209 in Northern British Columbia globulus ______206 , 207 60, 162, 269, 363 L e hmannii ______.______211 C oliwHia bieolor ______321 poly antltel'l"los ______211 Comment ______404 1'e gno.ns ______. ______.______206 Convolvulus cneon(;/1'! ______314 rost1'atrz ______211 C omll01'hiza inno.ta ______74 1"1tdis ______211 C 01'n11S canadensis ______68, 379 side·roxylon 1'osea ______206, 207 stolonifera ______.274, 275, 379 viminalis ______210 Correction ______388 Eucalyptus, Our Picturesque ______205 C01 'ydalis sempe1'vi1'ens ______68 E 11gen ia coronata ______351 , 352, 353 C osmos sulph1tre~/S ______308 Eugenia, The Utowana ______351 Cotoneaster adpressa ______151 Euph01'bia alcieomis ______99 horiz ontal1s ______~______151 B evelaniensis ______96, 97, 98 Cox, E , H. M.: B 0 je1'i ______98 Seeds and SeedlingL ______265 Deca1'iana ______97, 98 Croizat, Leon: Dec01'sei ______96, 99 Note on Tree-Hardiness ______. ____ 365 enteropho1'a ______96, 99 Three New E uphorbiae______96 fi he1'enensis ______99 C'YP1'ipedi1t111 candid11m ______146 intisy ______99 parvifiont11L______66, 146, 272 laro ______99 passer'imt1n ______271, 276, 277 lel·!Codendron ______96, 99 pllbeseens ______140 plo.g iantha ______.96, 99 C 3'S t op teris f1'a.g il is ______278 spinosa ______98 C y tisus A rdo'ini ______151 splendens ______98 K ewe11sis ______151 stenoclada ______96, 98 proemnbens ______151 suareziana ______97, 99 tin/calli ______99 D e France, J. A.: Euphorbiae, Three New______96 I lex e01'1nbfa Bwrfo'rdi-i ______193 D elphiniw/n scopl~lor1t1n gla4/eum __ 64 , 64, 379 Fairchild, David: D iG1~t hlIS braehyanth4bs alpinus ______315 The U towana Eugenia ______. ______35 1 lang eamlS ______315 F ilberts for the Amateur ______182 D ieentra elleldla-ria ______146 Dig'btalis nevadensis ______._ ___ 315 Fox, H elen M.: Lill~mn tenttifo/i1/1n ______394 obsc1wa ------______3 12, 313 purp1wea ______317 Notes on Growing Species Tulips 297 Some E xperiences with Annuals _ 319 Dimorphotheca a1wo.ntiaea ______321 F1'itillm'ia liliacea ______.392, 394 Dodoeatheon 1nedia 146 111eleag1'is ______. ______148 D raba dedeG1l.a ______::::::::::::::::::::::::=:::::::::: 317 meleagris alba ______149 D,'yas D" iM'l1,l1wnd-ii ______269, 269 Fllch-s ia a1'borescens ______2, 3 i11teg1'ijolia ____ 73, 74, 271 , 272, 368, 369 boliviana ______2, 4 oe tape tala ______310 coecinea ______5, 6 cordifolia ______._.6, 7 E Clti1t111 albic ans ______. 316 eOl'ymb,iflora __ .______.2, 4, 6 pl antag ine l~11'! ______. ______320 cor)1111b iflom alba ______6, 8 Edinburgh, The Royal Botanic Gar- fltlgens ______6, 9 den ------.---.- ______.. ______320-341 I-yeioides ______9, 11 Eleagmls a'rgentea ______._._.______66 1'1'l icro ph )II/a. ______14, 16 _ Epilobitlm lo.titol'iu1n ______74 parviflo·ra ______14 E1'iea carnea ____ . ______,------.------.- 151 1'1: fl e ,'m _____ . ______14, 18 Oct .• 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 407

sen'atifolia ______._ __.__ ._. ______.10. 12 H eliaphJllla leptoph Jl /la ._ ..... _..... _...... _.... 321 speciosa ... _.. _._. ______. _____. _____ ...... _10. 13 Henry. Mary G.: s /)le I1de ns _. ... __. _. ___ .... _.. .._ __ ... __ .______.. __ Co ll ecting Plants Beyond the thJlmifolia .____ .. ____ .______.___ .... _..... 14. 15. 17 Frontier in Northern British tl"iphJllia _. __ .____ _._ .__ .. __ .. _.___ .. 1. 1. 10. 15 Columbia .. __ .... _._. __ ... 60. 162. 269. 363 Annie Earle __ .. _____. ___ ... _.. __ ._ .. _..... _. 19, 20 Hepatica acuti/oba ...... _. __ ._ ...... _.. _.. ___ 146 Arabella . __ . ______. ____ . __... ______. __ ._ .. __ , 19. 21 tri/oba _..... _._ ..... _.. _._ ..... _.. _...... __ .__ 147 Aurora Superba _._ .. __ . ___ .. _... ____ 19. 22 Hican. T he Gerardi _.. _._ ..... _. ____ ...... __ ...... ___ 184 Caledonia _. ______... _. ___ . _____ 19. 23 Hodenpyl. Anton ._ ... _. __ ...... _. __ ._ ...... _. __ . __ 185 Carmen __ . __ ... __ _. _. ____. __ . __ ._ .. __ .__ . ___ 19. 25 H) I Per 'icttn~ ericoides __.. __ .. _.. _._ .... _...... __ ... _ 314 Corall ina _._ ... _. _____ .______.... ____ .. __ ... 24. 26 Countess of Aberdeen _.. ____ .. _._ .. 24. 27 Iben's Tenoreana _. ___ ... __ .. ______.. _...... _... _ 318 Display _.. _. __ ..... _. ____ .... ___ .. ___ ... __ .. __ .. 24. 28 Idealist in the Garden .. ______.. _. __ ...... ___ . ______343 Dutchess of Albany __ ._ .. _. ___ ...... 24. 29 liex C01"1l1!ta .___ ... __ ..... _..... ___ ._ 188. 193. 193. 195 E lsa __ ..... __ ._ .. ______... __ ..... __ ._ .. _.. 24. 31 comuta B!lrfordii __ ._ .. ______.. _._193. 193 Emile Laurent ______._.. __ ..... _._. 24. 32 his cristata ..... _...... ____ . ___._._ ...... _...... _ 147 F rau Emma Topfer ____ .. __ .. _.... 30. 33 Waltii ..... _.. ___ . ___ ._ ... _._ 158. 159. 161. 192 G. P ortesi .. ___ .. _._ ... _... ______. ______... _ . 30 I vy. The Illusive . ______.~ ... __ ..... _. __ ... _.... .__ . 234 Graphic _.. _. ____ .... ___ . __. _____ . ______.___ 30. 34 Hap Hazard _...... _._ .... ____ ...... ____ ... 30. 35 Improved Rose of Castile _____ .. 36. 37 James D onald : Irwin's Giant Pink ____ ... _._ ... _. ____ 36. 38 II e x c 01'1 mta _..... _..... ___ .__ . ____ .... _...... __ ]88 Koralle ._. _____ ._._._ .. ____ .... _.. _. __ ._. __ 36. 39 J ones. Mildred: L'Enfant P\·odigue __ ._ .. _... __ .... _. .36. 40 The J ones Hybrid Hazels ...... __ ..... 262 Little Beauty __ .. ______.__ ._._..... _____ ..4 1. 42 f1mipcrus chineusis globosa ___ .. _... _.. _._._ ... 153 Marinka _... _.. ____. ___ ..... _.. _____ . ___ ._. __ .. 42 chinensis proclI.1'11bens __ .. _...... _.. 153. 153 Masterpiece _._ .... _._ .. ___ ._. ___ . __._. __ ._ . .42. 43 chinensis procumbens nana .. _._._ .... 153 Meteor _... _... ___ ._. __.. .. __ ._. _____ . __ .. _.. _._ ...... _ 44 chinensis Sa1'gentii _. _____._ ... _._._._ _.. __ . 154 Molesworth ... _._ ..... _._ ... _. ___ ..... ___ ._.42. 45 communis .. ____ .__ . __ ._ __ .. __ ._ .. ___ ...... _.. .. _ 101 Monsieur Thibaut ___ ._._ ... _._ ... ___ . .42. 46 depressa plu1ILosa ..... ___ ._ .. ___ _.. _ .... _._ _. 153 Mr. Gladstone _._._...... __ .. _._ .... ____ -.47. 48 D mig lasii ...... _ .. _._._ ... _._. __ . __.__ ._.. ... __ 153 Mrs. Cornelisson ._ .. _.. ____ .. _.. _. __ ._ .. __ 49 .h01'izontalis _. __ ._ ... _._._ ...... _.. .___ ..___ 154 Mrs. E. G. Hill _..... _.. _. __ ._ .. _____ .. _. _. 48 monospe'r1'na ..... _._ ..... _. __ ._ _._._ ... _____._ _ 101 Mrs. Rundle _..... _. ______.. _____ . __ ._._-.48. 50 sab'ina tamal'iscifolia .__ .._ ._._.... 153. 154 Pride of Oxford _. ___ ... __ .. __ .. _.. _.. _._.48. 51 sqtta11'Lata M eJleri ... _.. _.. _. ___ ...__ _... ____ 154 Sunray ...... ___ ... _.... __ .. ____ .. _. _... _. ___ . 52. 54 54 Swanley Gem .. __ .. __ ._ ... _... . ___ ... _...... 53 . Kwanzan Cherry Tree. The Training._ ... _ 113 Swanley Yellow . __ .. _.. _.. _.. _.. _.. _.. 54. 55 T aud eschon Bonstedt __ .. ______.. __ .54. 56 White Beauty . __.... __.. __ . __ .. ______. __ .54. 57 Ledwm g1'lxmlandicmn _. __ .. __ .. ___ __. __ .______.. ____ 70 White Phenomenal ____ . __ .. _... ____ .58. 59 Liat1·is pJlcnostachJla ___ ._._. ___ __ .. __ .... ___ ..__ .... _ 308 Lilitltn leucanthu11t __ .. ______. ___ ._ .. _. 139. 140. 141 tenuifoli1t11t ..... _... __ ._ .. _. __ ._ .. _...... 394. 395 Galan-thus Elwesii __.. ._ .... _... _.. _...... _ ..... _._._ 149 Linar·ia f01lcicola .. ____.. _._._. ___ .. _._ ... __ ... __.. ._ .. 317 nival is .. _.. _. __.______. _____ .__ .. _..... _._ ____ ._.___ 149 fif icGtllis -.. _. __ .______... __ .. __ .__ __ .. __.. __._____ 318 Genista dalmatica ___ .__ ___.. _...... __ . ____ .__ .__ ....._ 151 nevadensis ____ ._._ ___ ..... _.. _._._ ..... _.. .. __ .. _.. _ 315 Linnaea b01'ealis IJIInel'icana _. __ .____ ...... 68. 74 f~~i~~a li;-·::::: : ::=::::=::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::: : l ~ l Lobelia cardina.lis _. _____ ..____ ._.. _. __ ._ .. __ .. _...... 308 Gentiana /meunwnantha depressa __ ._ ...... 317 Lo·iselewria proctlmbens _._ ... _.. _ _._ .. __ _.. 373. 377 p01'phJlrio ._ .. __.___ _. __ _.. __ .__ ._ .. __.___ .... 303. 306 Lonicera glaucescl!ns _._. _____ .__ ._. ___ .... ____ ._ .. ___ . 379 prostl'ata __ ..... _____ .._. _._._...... _.. . ___ .__ 70 Lupintls OIrcticus ..... _.. _.. __ ._._. ____ ... _.. __ .. _._ __.. . 70 Gel'ani'ltm R-icha1'dsonii _.. _.. _.. _.. _.. _.__ ._ __._ .. _ 70 LJlchnis coeli-l'osea __ ._ ..__ .... _._. ___...... __ ..323. 324 Gerardi. Joseph : The Girardi Hican __ . ____ .... __ ._ .... ____ 184 Getl1n trijlo1'1l1n _.. __ ..._ ___. _____ ... __ ._ ... __ ... __ ._ __ 64 Marriage, K. N. : Gilia capitafa ..... __. ..______...... _... _._ ... ___ 321 Four Rocky Mountain Plants .. _._ 398 Globa/aria nana ______. _____ ._ _._ .. _. ___ . __ ... ___ 310 Matthiola pel'e1mis .. ___ ..... _._ .._. _. ___ ... ___ ._ .. __ ._ 317 Griffiths. David: McFarland. J. Horace: Lili1l1n /wcal1thum __ ._____ ... _..... _._. ___ 139 Some New Roses in 1933 ... _._._ .. ____ 103 Guiseppi. Dr.: McIlvaine. Frances Edge: The Wild Sierras of Spain ______309 Comment __ .... _.. _.. __ ... __ ._.. ___._. ___. ____ ... _ 404 McKelvey. Susan Delano: Arcto·m.eeon ca.lifornicu1'l1 ___ .. __ .... _. 349 Hamblin. Stephen F.: M entze I ia L i ltd / eJli _.. . _.. _._ __ ._ .... _.. _.. __ _.... _. 320 Perennials for Cut Flowers .. _.. ___ 383 M ertensia alpina ... _... __ ._ ... _._ ... ____ . __ .... __ ._ 400 Hazels. The J ones' Hybrid _. __ .. __ . ___ . __ .. _ 262 panic1tlata .... _.. _... _.... __ ._._.. _. .. __ ... ___ .. _ 66 H ed'ysa'l'tu1t NI aclunzii _.. ______.______... 73. 74 virginica ...... _._ ...... _. __ .. ____ .... _.. __ ._ .. _._ .. 147 408 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

Miner, Alice: Pinus aristata ______. ______.248, 249 The ABC's of Rock Gardening 145 BungeanLts ______136 M~tsca-ri botl'yoides ______149 cembm ______126, 127 bot-ryoides albll11'~ ______1~ 9 ce1l1bm columnllJris ______126 JvI 'Yosotis alpestris ______.______285 densiflora a%rea ______138 densiflom globosa ______.250, 251 N a1'cissus bttlbocodi1mi ______._ 149 densiflom ocnl1.ts-draconis ______138 Fortune ______.______300, 302 densiflol'a pendula ______135, 137 mino r ______.______149 densiflom -umbl ' ac1~lif e·ra ______252 triand-rus, Queen of Spain _____ .______149 parviflom g lauca ______138 Nemesia versicolol' ______321 pellce ______. ______126, 129 N emophila ·insignis ______322 ponderosa pendula ______134, 135 New Mex ico, Botanizing in ______100 l'esinosa globosa ______.248, 250, 252 Nicotiana affimis ______321 strobltS _____ . ______~ _____ 126 NieH -mberg ia fmtescens ______308 strobus contorta ______. ______248 l' iv u.1 a-r is ______308 stl'obus fastigiata ______128 strobus nana ______247 sl1'obus prostmta ______247 Oriental Cherry, Gyo iko ______A01, 402 T a k·i-nio i ______198, 199 sl1'obus U1nb·rawlifem ____ 130, 133, 247 O,,,yt?'opis a-rctob'ia ______.74, 374 s3,lvesl1'is fastigiata ______130, 133, 257 sylvestris na'lla ______258, 258 saxi111 onta1ta ______70, 71 s3,lvesf1'is pendnla ______134 sylvestris pumila ______. ___ 257 Pach )llophus 1'I1acroglottis ______101 sylvestris Watereri ______.257, 257 Pach31stima Ca11.b)li ______151 Plantago niv alis ______315 P ce onia B el'esozvstyi ______214 B l'ow nii ______215 Plat:ystelllon calif01'nicmn ______322 COl'S I ca ______216 P olelli onilllll aCll tiflortt1n ______63 c re tic a ______217 awtifolinm ______289 reptans ______147 dec 0 ra ______.______218 decora alba ______219 PoplIllIs trel11nl oides ______64, 65, 65 70 Io ba ta ______. ______221 P otentilla fruticosa ______...:. 272 Intea ______222, 223 fruticosa dasiphora ______151 1'I1,ac-rophylia ______224 fmticosa Farrel'i ______151 Poferium 1,ltp icola ______314 1'l-lic1'ocarpa ______225 Pril1mla an.ll itstifolia ______398, 398 Mlokosewitschii ______. ______226 Pany i ______400, 400 obovata alba ______227 O tto F roebel ______228 Pnt1lus demissa ______275, 379 l1a na _. __.______151 temtifolia ______. ______229 prost ra ta ______312, 313, 314 tenu,ifolia flore plena ______230 se17nlata, Gyoiko ______401, 402 11' i t el'nat a ______231 l1'ollioides ______220 sen-Itlata, Taki-nioi ______198, 199 pennsylv an ica ______379 Veitchii ______.232, 388 Ptilo f1'ichwn pn'rpn'reum ______315 HI oodw al'dii ______233 spinoslllit __ . ______312 Papavel' radicatwm ______278, 278 Puschlzinia scilloides ______149 P edicnlaris capitata ______74 gn l? nland i Cl!?-1i ______101 P yroia asarifolia ______74 oede1'i ______74 chlo ra II th.a ______74 la 11. a t a ______74 Pentstel·non p'rocents ______66, 67 Ral1londia pyrenaica ______.310, 311 Peony Species ______._____ 213 Ribes oA'jlacalithoides ______273, 275 Perennials fo r Cut Flowers ______383 Rhododendl'olt albifl01'llm ______368, 372 P el'iila fr1t! escens crispa ______307 lapponiC1lJlt 74, 271, 272, 273, 277, 285 P e trocaliis pyrenaica ______. ______310 teplt1'opeplllm ______197, 197 Phacelia ca'l11panllla-ria ______322 Rock Garden ing, The A B C's ______145 Pan'),i ______.______. ___ 322 Rosa acicnlaris ______. ______379 Whitlav ia _. ______322 ecoe . ______. ______11 2 Phaedranossa Vil'idiflora ______390, 393 H1I 90lliS ______. _____ . ______. __ .. _.______11 2 Phlo." gla bel"rim a -______.390, 391 R 0 Itl e t t i _. _. ______._. _____ .____ . ______112, 152 11 a II a ______101 spinosissiliia _ ___ ... ______11 2 Phyllodoce empel1'ifonn is ______. ____ 368, 372 Rose, Alfred E. Smith ______.______103, 105 Picea conica densa ______154 154 Amelia Earheart ______.103, 104 M axwellii ______: 154 Bell e of P ortugal ______.______110 Pierce, Roy G.: Better Times ______.______103 Marooll-Throated Erythronium __ 196 Breeze H ill ______.______11 ° Pine, The Forms of ______126, 246 Climbing Herber't H oover ______106 Pingni wla le p t oc erns ______.______316 Climbing Los Angeles ______106 Oct.,1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 409

Climbing Talisman ______106 Sempel'vivum montanwn ______310, 315, 318 Condessa de Sastago ______106 tect01'lmt ______310 Countess of Stradbroke ______110 Senecio Bois s ie'ri ______316 Dr. W. Van Fleet ______110 Senior, Robert: E dith Nellie P erkins ______J06, 107 Botanizing in New Mexico ______100 Editor McFarland ______106 Shephe1'dia a1'gmfea ______.. ______379 E . G. Hill ______. ______._. ____ 106 Shull, J. Marion: Eslea's Golden Rambler ______. ___ 110 Clematis, Gypsy Queen ______301 E toi le de Hollande ______. ______106 Sierras, The Wild, of Spain ______309 Golden Dawn ______. ______103 S ilene aeaulis ______101 Golden Moss ______111, 112 aC01tiis subc01tlescens ______278 Kitty K inninmonth ______109, 110 Slate, G. L.: La Reve ______.. 110 Filberts for The AmateuL.. ______182 Leonard Barron ______106, 108 Slavin, Arthur D.: Margaret McGraedy ______106 Forms of Pine ______126, 246 Mary Hart ______103 S o1'bus d1£11!OSa ______368 Mermaid ______110 Spingarn, J. E.: M iss Marian Manifold ______110 American Clematis ______76 Mme. N icolas Aussel ______106 S pi1'ea lucida ______379 Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James ______110 Stoke, H. F.: Mrs. F ranklin D. Roosevelt ______103 Blight Resistant Ches tnuts ______360 Mrs. J. D. Eisele ______103 The Persian Walnut ______260 Mrs. Sam McGredy ______106 Symphoric01'poS mcemosa ______..___ 275 National Flower Guild ______106 N ew Dawn ______110 N igrette ______106 Talin1{.11! calycimtm __ .. ______101 Olympiad ______106 pulc h ('limn ______.. ______101 Paul's Scarlet Climber ______110 Ta,t:us C1Ispidata densa .. ______155 President H erbert H oover ______106 cuspidata nana ______.. ______155 Reveil Dij onnaise ______110 T ia1'e lIa c O1'di folia ______147 Scorcher ______110 T01'enia FOl£1'nie1'i _.. ______.323, 323 Souvenir ______103 Tmchelinm coentle~!m ______313 Souv. de Mme. C. Chambard ______106 T ree-Hardiness, Notes on ______.. ______356 The General ____ . ____.______106 T"ifoliu7n nam£11! _____.. ______101 Roses, Some New in 1933.______103 Trill iU11! e1'ec tUtm ______148 g1'andifl Ol'um ______.. ______148 Rowntree, Lester: Frifillar·ia liliacea ______393 nivale .. ___ .... ______.. ______148 T suga d,'vel' sifolia ______155 Russell , Paul: Pnmus serntlata Gyoiko ______402 S a1'gent·i pend~tia ____ . ______.... _____ .. ______155 Pnmus serntlata Taki-nioi _____ . __ ._ 198 Tulip Species, Notes on Growing.______297 Tulipa O1!si1'alis ______297 c h1')lsantha ___ .______.. ______297 Salix arb Itswl oide s ______379 C lusiana ------______150, 298 brachycal'pa __ . ______. 28 1, 369, 379 d a sys t emon .... ______.. __ 150 polO1'is ______278 E ichleri ______.. ______. ______298 l'et i cuiaf a ______.. ______. ______287 G1'eigii ____ .. ______..__ . ____ 298 Salvia h01'111in1m~ ___ . ______323 Hag e1'i ______.. ______298 pa tens ______323 ing ~n s __ .. ______.. ______.. ______...._ 298 Pi t chel ' i ______. __ . ______. ______.______308 K a141'/1anniana ______150. 298 nliginosa _. ___ . ______. ______308 M a1'j ole tti ______.. ______298 Sangl!inal'ia canadensis ._. ______. ______147 11f-ic h eliana ______.. ______.. ______.. ______298 Sapona1'ia ocymoides sbiendens _____ .396, 397 montana _.. ______.. ______298 Sa1'cocapnos el·meaphylla ______. ______.312, 316 oculis- solis ______.... ______298 Sa.t: ifraga O1'etoides . __ . ______. __ . ______318 penico. ..-.. -.. --.. -- ____ .. ______150, 298 cam posi ______.__ ._____ . ______314 p,'a ec ox ___.. _.. ______.. ______.. ______299 conifera ______._. ______.______317 praestans ____ .... _.. ______.. ______299 geoides ______. __ . __ . ______317 S pre Il g eri ______.. ______.. ______.... ___ 299 globu.lifera erioblasta ______. ______315 s t el lata .. ___ .. _.. ______299 g1'!l!nlandica ____ ._. __ . __ . ______. ______315 sylvestris _____ ..______.... ______150, 299 lingldata __ ._ ___ ..... __ .. _. __ . ______310 fur II e s tanica .. ______299 lingnlata cata.hmica ______31 1 vialacea ___ .. ______.. ______299 M ) IC 0 i _...... ____ .. ______.. ______314 Tyson. Dana R.: R it}0 i ...... ___ .. ______._ .. ______.. 313 Our Picturesque Eucalyptus _.. ____ .. 205 valenti'no .... _. ___ . ______. ______. 312 Scilla sibil'ica ...... ______.... _ 150 Sed,.!m das)ll>h 'yllt£1n ______. __ .. ______.. 314, 317 Ursinia anethoides ------______.321, 323 Seeds and Seedlings ______... ______265 pul c lIm __ .. ______323 410 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

Vaccini1<£11t canadense ______379 Walnut, Persian, In Eastern States ______260 Vella spinosa ______~ ______312 Walther, Eric: Ve'rbena bona.1'iensis ______308, 398, 399 Cistt's PtWpH1' e1<£S ______388 V eronica, A Rock Ga1'den ______.388, 389 Rhododend1'on teph1'opepl·um ______197 VibwYnt!1n Ca1'lesi ______IS2 o pHh!s nana ______1S2 White, Elizabeth: pauc·ifion,m ______379 Gent'iana porphY1'io ______303 Viola cazorlensis ______310, 313, 314 Whitehouse, W. E .: delphinantha ______310, 313 Training the Kwanzan Cherry ____ 113 pedata ______148 Winter Injury ______200 pedata bicolor ______148 1'enifolia Brainardii ______278 Zinnia al1.gustifolia ______A02, 403 1'oshanini ______310 pancifiora ______.324, 326

i ~ : ' ;" -·- oF, 0; " , ~. , ./ e1 '.~" lV THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

Notice to Members, October 1934 Article 5, Section 1, of the By-Laws of this Society directs the Secretary to send all voting members, not less than 90 days before the date of the annual election of officers, a list of the offices to be filled, together with the names of those whose terms expire. The following list contains the information required:

Offices to be filled Present Incumbent Director (for two years)

PRESIDENT MR. ROBERT PYLE MR. F. J. CRIDER 1ST VICE-PRESIDENT MR. KNOWLES A. RYERSON MRS. MORTIMER J. Fox 2ND VICE-PRESIDENT MRS. FAIRFAX HARRISON MR. F. L. MULFORD SECRETARY MR. C. C. THOMAS MRS. SILAS B. WATERS TREASURER MR. Roy PIERCE DR. EARL B. WHITE

Article 7, Section 1, provides that any voting member may sub­ mit to the Secretary, not later than two months before the annual meeting, nominations for Officers and Directors. Names must be sub­ mitted to the Secretary by December 12) 1934. The attention of members is called to the desirability of inviting new members to join the Society. Find one new member for 1935 and send in the membership with your own renewal now. If you wish to use the magazine as a Christmas gift for a friend, we will send a gift card with your name if you will furnish the name.

C. C. THOMAS, Secretary, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma Park, D. C.

The Editor asks for a brief word on the Secretary's page in order to express his personal appreciation to the members for their patience over the delay of the April and July issues of the magazine. This was due entirely to the pressure of personal work which made service for the magazine impossible during the midnight hours. This pressure is now relieved and we hope for no further irregularities. Please notice the new editorial address: B. Y. Morrison, Room 821 , Washington Loan and Trust Company Building, Washington, D. C. Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE v SEE D CATALOGUE 2,000 VARI ETI ES OF Rare Himalayan Alpine and Ind ian Plants, OF ROSES Bulbs, 40 Kinds of Rhododendrons, Etc. The most up.to·date kinds are listed Apply in our 1934 Catalog. In addition to CHANDRA NURSERY top quality in leading sorts, we will P. O. Rhenock Sikkim, Bengal, India grow or get almost any rose you want. L We have one of America's largest RARE AND STANDARD collections of Species. ROCK PLANTS and PERENNIALS 2. There are few good Roses recent· Iy in commerce that we do not including have. Alpines, Hemerocallis and Sempervivums 3. If there be a chance rose we do IVAN N. ANDERSON not have, our perpetual national GLEBE ROAD BALLSTON. VA. inventory tells us where to get it. For Complete Rose Service, rely on Star Rose Specialists. RARE ENGLISH * FLOWER SEEDS Send for our 1934 Catalog. 1934 illustrated catalog1te, the most com­ Forty-four Roses shown In prehensive ever published, 164 pages, 4,503 different kinds of fl ower seeds described, Natural Colors. including an up-to-date collection of Del­ phinittms and L1tpi1~es and a large selectJion of Herbaceous and Rock Plants. Free on * application to The Conard-Pyle Co. Star Rose Growers THOMPSON AND MORGAN ROBERT PYLE, Pres. West G=ove 533, Pa. IPSWICH, ENGLAND

GJV... ew Rare Daffodils .

Reg. U. S . cA Strange Wild Tulip . Pat. Off. Some Unheard of Bulbs

OW don't for a minute con­ both immediate interest and N fuse these truly exceptional lasting merit. A ll have been new varieties with the over­ severely tested in true vVayside exploited novelties that so much fas hi on. noise is made about, and then often all is quiet. Vife guarantee satisfaction. Any new thing we decided to Money goes back if dissatisfied. put in our catalog you can Catalog tells particulars. Send absolutely depend on having for it.

36 Mentor Ave. Owners : Elmer H. Schultz and J. J. Grullemans M,n,o" Ohio I AMERICA'S FINEST PLANTS AND BULBS VI THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Oct., 1934 Alpines, Ferns and Shrublets for UNUSUAL PLANTS FOR SALE the Rock Garden New HYOrld Hemerocallis: Hyperion. EXQuisite Texture. Native and imported, Nursery grown, on Sturdy Canary Yellow. $1.25; Mikado. Brilliant Coloring. $1.25; Roots. J. A. Crawford. largest. Best Apricot Yellow. 15c; Amaryllh. Orange Yellow, 50c; .J. R. Mann. Large Flower, Among our stock are the following rare plants: Apricot Yellow, 50c. GyPSY, Deep Orange, Blooms Spring Dwarf Brooms Saxifrages and It~a l l. $.75 to $1.00 $.25 to $1.25 Lycorls SQuamigera and Lycorls Aurea. 15c each. Dwarf Spil'",eas Primroses Nerine Sarnjensis (Guernsey Lily). 50c per doz. $.75 to $1.00 $.25 to $1.00 Zephyranthes. Pink and t\ tamasco (White), 75c per doz. Dwarf Heaths Gentians, $.35 to $.75 FISHER FLOWERS $.50 to $.75 Rosa Rouletti, $.50 640 Anderson Place Memphis, Tenn. Dryas Suendermanni, $.35 A li mited number of the lovely dwarf Thalictl'ulII kiusianum, r eceiver of A. M. at Chelsea in 1933, Rocky Mountain Columbine Seed 50c per $1.25. packet. Colorado Alpines and subalpines. Plant List on R equest. JULIUS ANTHON 2215 East 46th Street, Seattle, Washington THE GARDEN PATH Published by The OMo Asso. of Ga,Tden 07Jubs Colorado Springs Colorado A quarterly magazine for home gardeners and ga,rden club members. Four fin e issues each year in J anuary, April, July and October, containing interesting facts about fl ower growing and much helpful information. Printed on fine paper, with many illustrations. Only 30 cis, a year - Sample copy 10 cts. Lowthorpe School The GARDEN PATH of Landscape Architecture 728 South Remington ·Road, Columbus, Ohio GROTON, MASS. I NTRODUCI NG DELROSA Courses in Landscape Architecture, The New Delphinium Vitalizer including Horticulture and Garden A plant food of 100 per cent organic material of Design, given to a limited number the highest quality. Especially prepared for of students in residence. Anne Baker, Delphiniums. $ 1.25 p er carton of eight complete feedings. Director. $6.00 for 5 cartons, $ 10.00 for 10 cartons. Full directions Jor use on cartons, Summer School Starts June 25, 19'34 R. B. L. FLEMING, Chemist Write for Catalogue BLUE RIDGE SUMMIT PENNA.

CAMELLIA JAPONICAS R enl nOl'c lties as wint e r-flowcri n$l cut £l ower s o r o rnamenta ls. Eusy ( 0 jlrow i n n cool Ilrcenhouse Or conservator y . 1l1us lroted cu l a loll o f the fin est varie ties. pot Cr own. named sorts. h 'om A m e rica's l end in ~ specialis t. sent eral is. if you mention this ndvertisclncnt.

"Longview" ROBT. ~;o~U8EL.J'. Crichton, Ala.

Application for Membership

I des ire to be admitted to ...... membership in THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Remittance of $ ...... is enclosed of whic.h the sum of 2.00 is for a year's subscription to the National HOl'ticultural Ma,gazine.

Name ...... Ad dress ...... ········ .. ···· .. · .. ·· .. ·

Special interest...... Date ...... "'"'' Recommended by:

Ohecks should be made payable to The Am"'i,ca,n Horticultu"a,l Society and sent to D. Victor Lumsden, Secreta,'Y, 1629 Ool!umb;a, Road, Waslt'lington, D. O. Oct., 1934 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Vll Rock and Alpine Plants More than 1 000 species and va ­ rieties I isted in our new cata logue oI~ on how to have Continuous Bloom in the Rock Garden. FORMALDEHYDE DUST A. seed and soil treating compound which controls seed­ borne diseases, root rots and damping-oft' of seedlings Free upon request. and cuttings. Safe. Economical and Easily Applied. CRONAMERE ALPINE NURSERIES, INC. Shore Road, Greens Farms, Conn. PEONY ARISTOCRATS oI~ for your yards and gardens. Only best of old and new vari.eties, at attractive prices. OUI" Catalog names best commerc ia l cut-flower varieties, and COLLOIDAL SULPHUR g ives valua bl e planting and growin g instruction s An effective sulphur fungicide for Flowers, Vegetables. HARMEL PEONY COMPANY Fruits, Ornamental Shrubs and Trees. GROWERS OF FINE PEONIES SINCE 1911 May safely be used through the entire growing season. Remains in suspension without agitating. Does not burn. Berlin, Maryland and does not clog nozzle. P leasant to use. Controls ret) spider and scale insects. RARE NATIVE PLANTS Send for circu lar. testimonials and price list. FROM THE LAND OF THE SKY Stuartia pentagyna, F'rnpklinia alatamaha, Decurnaria barbara, C1inopodiurn carolinia­ nurn, Carex fraseri, I1ex vornitoria, Draba rarnosissirna, Phlox nivalis. 1934 Price List Free CHEMICAL COMPANY NIK-NAR NURSERY Marinetie, Wisconsin Modesto, California Biltmore Station Asheville, N. C. THE AMERICAN IRIS SOCIETY

The American Iris Society, since its organization in 1920, has published 45 Bulle­ tins which cover every phase of iris growing and should be useful to all gardeners. The Society has copies of all hut three of these Bulletins for sale. A circular giving list of contents of each Bulletin, price, etc., may be secured from the Secretary, B. Y. Morrison, 116 Chestnut St., Takoma Park, Md. In order to dispose of surplus stocks of some numbers we offer 6 Bulletins (our selection) for ~1.00. Through an endowment given as a memorial to the late Bertrand H. Farr the American Iris Society is able to offer free to all Garden Clubs or Horticultural Societies the use of our traveling library. This library contains all books ever published on Iris and a complete file of the bulletins of this society and The English Iris Society, and miscellaneous pamphlets. The library may be borrowed for one month without charge except the actual ex­ press charges. Organizations desiring it should communicate with the nearest of the following offices:

Horticultural Society of New York, 598 Madison Avenue, New York City Mrs. Katherine H. Leigh, Missouri Botanic Garden, St. Louis, Mo. Sydney B. Mitchell, School of Librarianship, Berkeley, Calif. V III THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1934

BE YOU R PATRONAGE SELFISH OF OUR ADVERTISERS With your Magazine MEANS PROSPERITY • • • THE VERY NEXT TIME your TO THE MAGAZINE friend or neighbor wishes to bor­ row your magazme, make that time the starting point of an argu- I ment to bring him into the mem­ The advertisers herem are bership of the Society and end it dealers with a high reputa­ by forwarding his application and tion for quality material dues to Mr. C. C. Thomas, Secre­ tary, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma and square dealing. Give Park, Maryland. them your orders and do • • • not fail to mention the With your Magazine Magazine. BE ] . S. ELMS. Advt. MgT. SELFISH KENSINGTON, MARYLAND

-The-- New Peony- . Supplement

DESIRING to bring the peony manual up to date a supplement has been prepared by that eminent authority on the peony, Professor A. P. Saunders. - To those who do not have the peony manual, we desire to advise that there will be no advance in price of the book with the supplement bound in. The present price of $3.15 delivered is still in effect and will bring you the greatest amount of peony information possible to secure in one volume. Over 250 new ratings are shown .in addition to the other information of value. To those desiring the supplement only, a price of fifty cents will cover a copy. Keep posted on the new ratings as they will be a helpful guide in making your fall purchases.

All orders will be filled promptly upon receipt of remittance sent to

W. F. CHRISTMAN, Secretary AMERICAN PEONY SOCIETY Northbrook? Ill .

.... The American Horticultural Society

I NVITES to membership all person~ who are interested in the devel­ opment of a great national society -that shall serve as an ever growing center for the dissemination of the common knowledge of the members. There is no requirement for membership other than this and no reward beyond a share in the development of the organization. For its members the society publishes THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE, at the present time a quarterly of increasing importance among the horticultural publications of the day and destined to fill an even larger role as the society grows. It is published during the months of January, April, July and October and is' written by and for members. Under the present organization of the society with special committees ap­ pointed for the furthering of special plant projects the members will receive advance material on narcissus, tulips, lilies, rock gar4en plants, conifers, nuts, ~nd rhododendt:ons. Membership in the society, there­ fore, brings one the advantages of memberships in many societies. In addition to these special projects, the usual garden subjects are covered and particular attention is paid to new or little known plants drat are not commonly described elsewhere.

The American Horticultural Society invites not only p~rsonal mem­ berships but affiliations with horticultural societies and clubs. To such it offers some special inducements in memberships. Memberships are by the calendar year. The Annual Meeting of the Society is held in Washington, D . c., the second Tuesday in February and members are invited to attend the special lectures that are given at that time. These are announced to the membership at the time of balloting. The annual dues are three dollars the year, payable in advance; life membership is one hundred dollars; inquiry as to affiliation should be addressed to the Secretary, Mr. C. C. Thomas, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma Park, D. C.