A Performer's Guide to Morten Lauridsen's Song
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A PERFORMER’S GUIDE TO MORTEN LAURIDSEN’S SONG CYCLE A WINTER COME by MELANIE GIBSON ROWELL (Under the Direction of Stephanie Tingler) ABSTRACT Despite the availability and accessibility of new works, vocal students often resist performing twentieth- and twentieth-century works because of the harmonic and rhythmic challenges. A Winter Come is a ten-minute, easily programmable song cycle that contains tonally and rhythmically challenging sections, yet it is a work that could be performed by an advanced undergraduate. This performer’s guide includes biographical information on Morten Lauridsen, information about the initial and continuing critical reception of the work, a discussion of the poet Howard Moss, textual and musical analysis, pedagogical strategies and their application to vocal challenges in the work, and an interview with Morten Lauridsen. INDEX WORDS: A Winter Come, Morten Lauridsen, Howard Moss, Song cycle A PERFORMER’S GUIDE TO MORTEN LAURIDSEN’S SONG CYCLE A WINTER COME by MELANIE GIBSON ROWELL B.A., Southern Wesleyan University, 1992 M.M., University of Georgia, 1996 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2009 © 2009 Melanie Gibson Rowell All Rights Reserved A PERFORMER’S GUIDE TO MORTEN LAURIDSEN’S SONG CYCLE A WINTER COME by MELANIE GIBSON ROWELL Major Professor: Stephanie Tingler Committee: Gregory Broughton Adrian Childs David Haas Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2009 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Morten Lauridsen for being so gracious with his time and information. Without his flexibility and support, this project would not have been possible. It has truly been a pleasure to sing and study his music. Many thanks to Dr. Lauridsen’s publisher, Peermusic, who graciously gave permission to use musical examples from A Winter Come with the accompanying copyright information: A Winter Come by Morten Lauridsen © Copyright 1985 by Southern Music Publishing Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved. Used by Permission. I also wish to express appreciation to my major professor, Dr. Stephanie Tingler for her patience and good suggestions, and to my voice teacher, Dr. Gregory Broughton, for grace and the vocal foundation on which to base my teaching and singing. I would also like to thank Dr. Adrian Childs for giving much extra time to help me with analysis. I greatly appreciate Mr. Crowell and Dr. Haas for their continued support and encouragement throughout my degree. Finally, my gratitude and love to my family: my husband, Scott, and my daughters, Grace and Alyssa. I could never have completed this project without your love and support. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv LIST OF EXAMPLES .................................................................................................................. vii INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 MORTEN LAURIDSEN AND HIS SIGNIFICANCE AS A VOCAL COMPOSER ...............................................................................................3 Biography of Morten Lauridsen ................................................................................3 Morten Lauridsen’s Compositional Heritage ............................................................4 Lauridsen’s Importance as a Vocal Composer: Initial and Continuing Reception of A Winter Come ....................................................................................................9 2 HOWARD MOSS AND ANALYSIS OF TEXT ........................................................13 Howard Moss ..........................................................................................................13 Moss’s Aesthetic .....................................................................................................14 Critical Perspective on Moss’s Aesthetic ................................................................17 Lauridsen and Poetry ...............................................................................................19 Analysis of Poetic Texts: Spoken Text, Poetic Meter, and Musical Setting ...........21 Imagery and Word Painting ....................................................................................30 3 MUSICAL ANALYSIS ...............................................................................................38 4 PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES ................................................................................60 vi BIBLIOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................................................73 APPENDICES ...............................................................................................................................78 A A WINTER COME: FULL TEXT ...............................................................................78 B INTERVIEW WITH MORTEN LAURIDSEN ..........................................................80 C VOCAL WORKS OF MORTEN LAURIDSEN .......................................................101 D DISCOGRAPHY OF ALL-LAURIDSEN RECORDINGS AND A WINTER COME RECORDINGS .....................................................................................................102 E LETTERS OF PERMISSION...................................................................................103 vii LIST OF EXAMPLES Page Example 1: “When Frost Moves Fast,” mm. 25-31 .......................................................................22 Example 2: “When Frost Moves Fast,” mm. 37-39 .......................................................................23 Example 3: “As Birds Come Nearer,” mm. 17-32 .........................................................................24 Example 4: “The Racing Waterfall,” mm. 1-8 ..............................................................................26 Example 5: “Who Reads By Starlight,” mm. 13-30 ......................................................................27 Example 6: “And What of Love,” mm. 1-8 ...................................................................................29 Example 7: “When Frost Moves Fast,” mm. 9-15 .........................................................................31 Example 8: “When Frost Moves Fast,” mm. 28-31 .......................................................................32 Example 9: “When Frost Moves Fast,” mm. 40-42 .......................................................................32 Example 10: “When Frost Moves Fast,” mm. 45-46 .....................................................................33 Example 11: “As Birds Come Nearer,” mm. 1-5 ...........................................................................33 Example 12: “As Birds Come Nearer,” mm. 13-14 .......................................................................34 Example 13: “The Racing Waterfall,” mm. 27-31 ........................................................................35 Example 14: “A Child Lay Down,” mm. 1-2 ................................................................................35 Example 15: “A Child Lay Down,” mm. 7-8 ................................................................................36 Example 16: “Who Reads By Starlight,” mm. 28-32 ....................................................................36 Example 17: “When Frost Moves Fast,” mm. 4-5 .........................................................................39 Example 18: “When Frost Moves Fast,” Analytical Graph ...........................................................40 Example 19: “As Birds Come Nearer,” Analytical Graph ............................................................41 viii Example 20: “As Birds Come Nearer,” mm. 17-20 .......................................................................42 Example 21: “The Racing Waterfall,” m. 20, “The Racing Waterfall,” m. 27 ..............................42 Example 22: “As Birds Come Nearer, mm. 17-24 ........................................................................43 Example 23: “The Racing Waterfall,” mm. 27-30 ........................................................................44 Example 24: “The Racing Waterfall,” mm. 1-2 ............................................................................45 Example 25: “The Racing Waterfall,” mm. 10-12 ........................................................................45 Example 26: “The Racing Waterfall,” Analytical Graph ..............................................................47 Example 27: “A Child Lay Down,” mm. 3-4 ................................................................................49 Example 28: “A Child Lay Down,” Analytical Graph ..................................................................50 Example 29: “Who Reads By Starlight,” mm. 1-6 ........................................................................51 Example 30: “Who Reads By Starlight,” mm. 8-9 ........................................................................51 Example 31: “Who Reads By Starlight,” mm. 1-3 ........................................................................52 Example 32: “Who Reads By Starlight,” Analytical Graph ..........................................................53 Example 33: “And What of Love,” Analytical Graph 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