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Book Reviews - Roger Busser, Sudo Sueo, the Fukuda Doctrine and ASEAN; New Dimensions in Japanese Foreign Policy

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Book Reviews - Roger Busser, Sudo Sueo, The Fukuda Doctrine and ASEAN; New dimensions in Japanese Foreign policy. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992. - P.J. Drooglever, C. Fasseur, De Indologen; Ambtenaren voor de Oost 1825-1950. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1993, 552 pp. - Raymond Evans, Tony Swain, A place for strangers; Towards a history of Australian Aboroginal being. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, xi + 330 pp. - CH.F. van Fraassen, Leonard Andaya, The world of Maluku; Eastern Indonesia in the early modern period. Honolulu: University of Hawai Press, 1993, ix + 306 pp. - J. van Goor, Lodewijk Wagenaar, Galle VOC-vestiging in Ceylon; Beschrijving van een koloniale samenleving aan de vooravond van de Singalese opstand tegen het Nederlandse gezag, 1760. Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1994. - Geert Kalshoven, A. Schrevel, Access to Water; A socio-economic study into the practice of irrigation development in Indonesia. Ph.D. thesis, The Hague: The Institute of Social Studies, 1993. - Nico Kaptein, Mohamed Ariff, Islam and the economic development of Southeast Asia; The Islamic Voluntary Sector in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,1991.''Islam and the economic development of Southeast Asia; The Muslim private sector in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1991. - Victor T. King, Alistair Morrison, Fair land Sarawak; Some recollections of an expatriate official. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University (Southeast Asia Program, Studies on Southeast Asia 13), 1993, xiv + 182 pp. - H.A.J. Klooster, Klaus H. Schreiner-Brauch, Nationalismus und Personenkult im indonesischen Geschichtsverständnis. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Hamburg, 1993, xxi + 293 pp. - Han Knapen, Mark Cleary, Borneo; Change and development. Singapore, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1992, x + 271 pp., tables, figures, index., Peter Eaton (eds.) - Sirtjo Koolhof, Christiaan G.F. de Jong, Geesten, goden en getuigen: Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse zending onder de Buginezen en Makassaren in Zuid-Sulawesi (Indonesië). Kampen: Kok, (1991), 338 pp., ills., maps, index. - Margaret Leidelmeijer, G.R. Knight, Colonial production in provincial Java; The sugar industry in Pekalongan-Tegal, 1800-1942. Amsterdam: VU University Press, 1994. (Comparative Asian Studies 13.) - J.J. Ras, M.C. Ricklefs, War, culture and economy in Java 1677-1726; Asian and European Imperialism in the early Kartasura period. Sydney: Asian studies Association of Australia, in association with Allen and Unwin, 1993, xviii + 425 pp. Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 03:24:58AM via free access - Corry M.I. van der Sluys, Rosemary Gianno, Semelai culture and Resin technology. Connecticut: The Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1990. - Jaap Timmer, Laurence R. Goldman, The culture of coincidence; Accident and absolute liability in Huli. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993, xvi + 443 pp. In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 150 (1994), no: 2, Leiden, 417-446 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 03:24:58AM via free access Book Reviews Sudo Sueo, The Fukuda Doctrine and ASEAN; New Di- mensions in Japanese Foreign Policy. Singapore: Insti- tute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1992. ROGffiR BUSSER The Fukuda Doctrine was first outlined in a speech in Manilla in 1977, during Prime Minister Fukuda's Southeast Asian tour. The speech was im- mediately taken to imply a major new foreign policy initiative. The new policy was to have three pillars: first, Japan would not become a military power. Secondly, Japan would seek a heart-to-heart understanding be- tween the peoples of Japan and Southeast Asia. Thirdly, Japan would be an equal partner of ASEAN with the aim of fostering a relationship with the nations of Indochina. The Fukuda Doctrine triggered off a wide variety of reactions in Japan, as well as in Southeast Asia. Responses ranged from a dismissive 'nothing new under the sun' to a laudatory 'it's a new era in Japanese foreign pol- icy'. In this first monograph on the Fukuda Doctrine, Sudo analyses the fac- tors which prompted the doctrine, and secondly examines the extent to which it has actually influenced Japanese policies towards Southeast Asia since. In the search for causes Sudo uses four perspectives: changes in the international and subregional conditions (Chapter 4), changes in Japanese domestic politics (Chapter 5), and changes in the ideas of policy-makers (Chapter 6). Of these, the last is the most interesting and, in Chapter Six, Sudo describes the process of the formulation of the doctrine. He provides a clear insight into the debate inside the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the struggle between the other ministries involved. He devotes particular at- tention to the four senior officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs who formed an informal policy group within the Asian Affairs Bureau in early 1976. One year before the election of Prime Minister Fukuda these four were already engaged in developing a new policy towards Southeast Asia, focusing on improving relations with Vietnam. However, the study remains somewhat ambiguous on the personal role of Fukuda. On the one hand, Fukuda is depicted as a catalyst who was just the right man in the right place at the right time to carry out the plans Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 03:24:58AM via free access 418 Book Reviews of the bureaucrats from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. On the other hand, Sudo imputes the first two ideas of the doctrine solely to the prime minis- ter. It is worth noting that the assumption underlying this study is the same as that used by Yasutomo in his study on the Japanese role in the Asian Development Bank, namely that Japanese foreign policy-making since the Fukuda doctrine has become active and initiating. The Fukuda Doctrine signalled a break in Japanese foreign policy- making, which was necessitated by factors such as the bankruptcy of Tanaka's resource diplomacy, the American request for more Japanese responsibility in Southeast Asia, and the pressure exerted by a more self- assured ASEAN after the Bali summit (1976). It meant a move away from the passivity and reactiveness said to have characterized Japanese foreign policy-making for the last three decades to a more active or leading role. Sudo finds evidence of this new energy and activity in the many policy initiatives Japan has undertaken towards Southeast Asia. Japan took the lead in the North-South dialogue in Asia, and there were numerous endea- vours to ease tensions in the region, Japan playing an especially active role as mediator between Washington and Hanoi, between Hanoi and Peking, between ASEAN and Vietnam. There were attempts to stimulate solutions by granting aid, and visits on the prime ministerial level were more or less institutionalized. This is the first detailed study of the Fukuda doctrine, but, over and above this, Sudo has also provided us with new insights into the making of Japanese foreign policy. C. Fasseur, De Indologen; Ambtenaren voor de Oost 1825-1950. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1993, 552 pp. ISBN 90.3511.275.X. P.J. DROOGLEVER Na terugkeer van de Nederlanders in Batavia in 1816 bleek al spoedig dat het personeel ontbrak, om Java en Onderhorigheden naar de eisen van de nieuwe tijd te besturen. In 1825 deed gouverneur-generaal Van der Capel- len daarom een aantal voorstellen om hierin verbetering te brengen. Deze werden in Den Haag nader uitgewerkt door Jean Chretien Baud, die daar toen geplaatst was als hoofdambtenaar op het ministerie van kolonien. Zijn voorstel, om de opleiding van nieuwe lichtingen ambtenaren voortaan te doen geschieden op universitair niveau, en wel te Leiden, stuitte echter op verzet van de koning. Deze zag meer in een opleiding op militaire leest, die verzorgd zou kunnen worden aan de in oprichting zijnde Militaire Academie in Breda. De tezelfdertijd uitbrekende Java-oorlog schoof echter Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 03:24:58AM via free access Book Reviews 419 alle plannenmakerij op de lange baan en zo werd het 1843, voordat er spijkers met koppen konden worden geslagen. Aan de toen opgerichte Koninklijke Academie te Delft, primair bedoeld voor de opleiding van civiele ingenieurs, was het onderwijsprogramma nu zodanig verruimd, dat ook aspirant-bestuursambtenaren er terecht konden voor een vierjarige cursus. Door de liaison met deze voorloper van de Technische Universiteit Delft kreeg het onderwijs nu geen militaire, maar een technische inslag. Zo stond het landmeten prominent op het rooster. Daarnaast waren voor de specifiek 'Indische' vakken enkele specialisten aangetrokken. De meest befaamde (en best betaalde) van hen was Taco Roorda. Hij zou de Javaanse taal doceren, waarvan de kennis op dat moment nog maar in de kinderschoenen stond. Hiermee was de aanzet gegeven tot een vorm van onderwijs die naar inhoud, aard en vorm in de komende eeuw nogal wat varianten zou verto- nen. In 1864 werd de ambtenarenopleiding in Delft verzelfstandigd en overgenomen door het gemeentebestuur (!), terwijl in diezelfde periode ook Leiden en Batavia soortgelijke onderwijsfaciliteiten gingen bieden. Aan het begin van deze eeuw vond een concentratie te Leiden plaats, waar het ambtenarenonderwijs in 1924 tenslotte de academische status toebedeeld kreeg. Het nu geschapen Leidse monopolie werd echter een jaar later alweer raw doorbroken door de oprichting van een Indologen- opleiding in Utrecht. Dat gebeurde met steun van het Indische groot- kapitaal, dat van mening was, dat 'Leiden' meer begrip toonde voor het ontluikende Indonesische nationalisme dan goed was voor zijn zakelijke belangen. Over deze lange weg van beroepsopleiding naar universitaire studie heeft Cees Fasseur een boek geschreven dat niet alleen degelijk, maar ook boeiend en onderhoudend is. De degelijkheid blijkt niet alleen uit de respectabele omvang, maar vooral ook uit de zorgvuldigheid en kennis van zaken, waarmee dat gebeurd is. Studenten, professoren, onderwijspro- gramma's, beleid en beloning passeren in bonte, maar goed gestructureerde reeks de revue.
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  • State Terrorism and Political Identity in Indonesia

    State Terrorism and Political Identity in Indonesia

    State Terrorism and Political Identity in Indonesia Approximately one million innocent Indonesians were killed by their fellow nationals, neighbours and kin at the height of an anti-communist campaign in the mid-1960s. This book investigates the profound political consequences of these mass killings in Indonesia upon public life in the subsequent decades, highlighting the historical speci®cities of the violence and compar- able incidents of identity politics in more recent times. Weaving a balance of theory with an empirically based analysis, the book examines how the spectre of communism and the trauma experienced in the latter half of the 1960s remain critical in understanding the dynamics of terror, coercion and consent today. Heryanto challenges the general belief that the periodic anti-communist witch-hunts of recent Indonesian history are largely a political tool used by a powerful military elite and authoritarian government. The book investigates what drove otherwise apolitical subjects to be complicit in the engul®ng cycles of witch-hunts. It argues that elements of what began as an anti-communist campaign took on a life of their own, increasingly operating independently of the violence and individual subjects who appeared to be manipulating the campaigns in the 1980s and 1990s. Despite the profound importance of the 1965±6 events it remains one of the most dicult and sensitive topics for public discussion in Indonesia today. State Terrorism and Political Identity in Indonesia is one of the ®rst books to fully discuss the problematic representation and impacts of a crucial moment of Indonesia's history that until recently has been largely unspoken.