Компютърна Система С Процесор Pentium Pro И MMX
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SAMPLE CHAPTER 1 Chapter Personal Computer 1 System Components the FOLLOWING COMPTIA A+ ESSENTIALS EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED in THIS CHAPTER
SAMPLE CHAPTER 1 Chapter Personal Computer 1 System Components THE FOLLOWING COMPTIA A+ ESSENTIALS EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER: Ûß1.2 Explain motherboard components, types and features Nß Form Factor Nß ATX / BTX, Nß micro ATX Nß NLX Nß I/O interfaces Material Nß Sound Nß Video Nß USB 1.1 and 2.0 Nß Serial Nß IEEE 1394 / FireWire Nß Parallel Nß NIC Nß Modem Nß PS/2 Nß Memory slots Nß RIMM Nß DIMM Nß SODIMM CopyrightedNß SIMM Nß Processor sockets Nß Bus architecture 86498book.indb 1 7/22/09 5:37:17 AM Nß Bus slots Nß PCI Nß AGP Nß PCIe Nß AMR Nß CNR Nß PCMCIA Chipsets Nß BIOS / CMOS / Firmware Nß POST Nß CMOS battery Nß Riser card / daughterboard Nß [Additional subobjectives covered in chapter 2] Ûß1.4 Explain the purpose and characteristics of CPUs and their features Nß Identify CPU types Nß AMD Nß Intel Nß Hyper threading Nß Multi core Nß Dual core Nß Triple core Nß Quad core Nß Onchip cache Nß L1 Nß L2 Nß Speed (real vs. actual) Nß 32 bit vs. 64 bit Ûß1.5 Explain cooling methods and devices Nß Heat sinks Nß CPU and case fans 86498book.indb 2 7/22/09 5:37:18 AM Nß Liquid cooling systems Nß Thermal compound Ûß1.6 Compare and contrast memory types, characteristics and their purpose Nß Types Nß DRAM Nß SRAM Nß SDRAM Nß DDR / DDR2 / DDR3 Nß RAMBUS Nß Parity vs. Non-parity Nß ECC vs. non-ECC Nß Single sided vs. double sided Nß Single channel vs. -
PCSA Oct 2001
Understanding CPU Upgrades In theory, one way to t seems that every time a new software product is released the system require- ments are increased - everything from the hard drive capacity and CPU speed increase the performance of a Ito the required RAM. One of the apparently obvious ways to gain a speed PC with little effort is to increase is by upgrading the CPU. But such an upgrade isn’t always cost effective and in some cases simply increasing the available RAM can help considerably to upgrade the CPU. Surely it boost the apparent speed of the PC. Sometimes though the best (and maybe only) option is to upgrade the CPU, although this can be a more involved process than it can’t be that difficult? might at first seem due to socket/motherboard incompatibilities, differing CPU and Actually there’s lots to think RAM speed requirements, cooling problems and inevitably assorted knock-on effects causing the upgrade to be anything but cost effective. Also, it is worth about. remembering that just because the replacement CPU has, for example, double the clock rate of the old unit doesn’t necessarily mean that the new one will increase the By Phil Morris processing performance of the PC in question by anything like 100%. Technical Writer This article looks at some of the options for upgrading the CPUs in existing systems. It is extremely unlikely that recent processors like AMD’s Duron (and forthcoming Hammer) and Intel’s Pentium 4 and Itanium will require upgrading for some time, so I will omit those in the context of this article. -
Motherboard/Processor/Memory Different Kinds of SLOTS Different
Motherboard/Processor/Memory There are different slots and sockets for CPUs, and it is necessary for a motherboard to have the appropriate slot or socket for the CPU. Most sockets are square. Several precautions are taken to ensure that both the socket and the processor are indicated to ensure proper orientation. The processor is usually marked with a dot or a notch in the corner that is intended to go into the marked corner of the socket. Sockets and slots on the motherboard are as plentiful and varied as processors. The three most popular are the Socket 5 and Socket 7, and the Single Edge Contact Card (SECC). Socket 5 and Socket 7 CPU sockets are basically flat and have several rows of holes arranged in a square. The SECC connectors are of two types: slot 1 & slot 2. Design No of Pins Pin Rows Voltage Mobo Class Processor's supported Socket 1 169 3 5 Volts 486 80486SX, 80486DX, 80486DX2, 80486DX4 Socket 2 238 4 5 Volts 486 80486SX, 80486DX, 80486DX2, 80486DX4 Socket 3 237 4 5 / 3.3 Volts 486 80486SX, 80486DX, 80486DX2, 80486DX4 Socket 4 273 4 5 Volts 1st Generation Pentium Pentium 60-66, Pentium OverDrive Socket 5 320 5 3.3 Volts Pentium Pentium 75-133 MHz, Pentium OverDrive Socket 6 235 4 3.3 Volts 486 486DX4, Pentium OverDrive Design No of Pins Pin Rows Voltage Mobo Class Processor's supported Socket 7 321 5 2.5 / 3.3Volts Pentium 75-200 MHz, OverDrive, Pentium MMX Socket 8 387 5 (dual pattern) 3.1 / 3.3Volts Pentium Pro Pentium Pro OverDrive, Pentium II OverDrive Intel Slot 1 242 N/a 2.8 / 3.3Volts Pentium Pro / Pentium II Pentium II, Pentium Pro, Celeron. -
Category Tool Budy Check
Category Changes: June 2010 Change Type Explanation New New category added Combined Two categories merged into one Rename Category renamed Move Category moved within structure Move & Rename Category moved & renamed Cat Name Cat ID Comment + Antiques 353 + Art 550 + Baby 2984 - Books, Comics & Magazines 267 + Accessories 45110 Antiquarian & Collectable 29223 Audio Books 29792 + Children's & Young Adults 1093 - Fiction 171228 - General Fiction 171229 Renamed from [General & Literay General & Literacy Fiction 171230 Fiction] Short Stories & Anthologies 171231 Other 171232 + Genre Fiction 171233 - Non-Fiction 171243 + The Arts 171244 + Biographies & Autobiographies 171279 + Business, Economics & Industry 171293 + Computer & IT 171265 - Dictionaries & Reference 171273 Dictionaries: Bilingual 171304 Dictionaries: Single Language 171305 Renamed from [Encyclopedias & Encyclopaedias & Reference 171274 Reference] Thesauri 171306 Writing & Usage Guides 171307 Other 171308 + Engineering & Technology 171309 + Family, Health & Relationships 171318 + Fiction Related 171326 - Food & Drink 171332 Beers & Spirits 171333 Cookery (General & Reference) 171334 Renamed from [Entertrainment & Entertainment & Etiquette 171335 Etiquette] Health, Dieting & Wholefood 171336 National & Regional Cuisine 171337 Vegetarian & Vegan Cookery 171338 Wines 171339 Other 171340 + General & Popular Interest 171341 + Geography & Environment 171356 + History & Military 171361 + Humour, Trivia & Puzzles 171370 + Language & Linguistics 171486 + Law 171377 + Leisure & Lifestyle -
Socket E Slot Per
Socket e Slot per CPU Socket e Slot per CPU Socket 1 Socket 2 Socket 3 Socket 4 Socket 5 Socket 6 Socket 7 e Super Socket 7 Socket 8 Slot 1 (SC242) Slot 2 (SC330) Socket 370 (PGA-370) Slot A Socket A (Socket 462) Socket 423 Socket 478 Socket 479 Socket 775 (LGA775) Socket 603 Socket 604 PAC418 PAC611 Socket 754 Socket 939 Socket 940 Socket AM2 (Socket M2) Socket 771 (LGA771) Socket F (Socket 1207) Socket S1 A partire dai processori 486, Intel progettò e introdusse i socket per CPU che, oltre a poter ospitare diversi modelli di processori, ne consentiva anche una rapida e facile sostituzione/aggiornamento. Il nuovo socket viene definito ZIF (Zero Insertion Force ) in quanto l'inserimento della CPU non richiede alcuna forza contrariamente ai socket LIF ( Low Insertion Force ) i quali, oltre a richiedere una piccola pressione per l'inserimento del chip, richiedono anche appositi tool per la sua rimozione. Il modello di socket ZIF installato sulla motherboard è, in genere, indicato sul socket stesso. Tipi diversi di socket accettano famiglie diverse di processori. Se si conosce il tipo di zoccolo montato sulla scheda madre è possibile sapere, grosso modo, che tipo di processori può ospitare. Il condizionale è d'obbligo in quanto per sapere con precisione che tipi di processore può montare una scheda madre non basta sapere solo il socket ma bisogna tenere conto anche di altri fattori come le tensioni, il FSB, le CPU supportate dal BIOS ecc. Nel caso ci si stia apprestando ad aggiornare la CPU è meglio, dunque, attenersi alle informazioni sulla compatibilità fornite dal produttore della scheda madre. -
Mikro Elektronik D2 User Manual
Full-service, independent repair center -~ ARTISAN® with experienced engineers and technicians on staff. TECHNOLOGY GROUP ~I We buy your excess, underutilized, and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade-ins. Custom engineering Your definitive source so your equipment works exactly as you specify. for quality pre-owned • Critical and expedited services • Leasing / Rentals/ Demos equipment. • In stock/ Ready-to-ship • !TAR-certified secure asset solutions Expert team I Trust guarantee I 100% satisfaction Artisan Technology Group (217) 352-9330 | [email protected] | artisantg.com All trademarks, brand names, and brands appearing herein are the property o f their respective owners. Find the MEN Micro / Mikro Elektronik D2 at our website: Click HERE 20D002-00 E3 - 2001-12-04 D2 - 6U Advanced Pentium CompactPCI Workstation Embedded Solutions User Manual Board-Level Computers for Industrial Applications Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com D2 - 6U Advanced Pentium CompactPCI Workstation D2 - 6U Advanced Pentium CompactPCI Workstation The D2 is a high-end PentiumIII-class workstation optimized for industrial requirements in control and instrumentation in terms of functionality, environmental conditions and cost. It needs only one slot in a CompactPCI system. Its "Socket 7+"- based computing core supports CPUs such as AMD's K6-III+ processor with 100MHz bus frequency and 400MHz and more internal clock speeds. The fast chip set comes with 100MHz CPU and 33MHz PCI bus clock and supports the latest DRAM technology. All PCI components are carefully selected for optimum support regarding long-term availability. In addition to state-of-the-art PC functionality - such as 10/100Mbit Ethernet, UARTs, EIDE, LPT, Microsoft ACPI, floppy, GPIO and USB - the D2 is equipped with a bundle of industrial functions. -
Download the PDF Handout
For the free video please see http://itfreetraining.com/ap/1b30 In this video from ITFreeTraining I will look at the different CPU sockets that are available. The CPU or Central Processing Unit has changed over the years and the sockets used by these CPUs have changed as technology has improved. Understanding what different sockets are available will give you an idea of which CPU you should purchase. Before I start, I will do a quick history of CPUs. Copyright 2020 © http://ITFreeTraining.com 8086 Clock rate Transistors Feature size 5 MHz 29,000 3 microns 0:24 To start with, I will look at the Intel 8086. You won’t need to know about the older CPUs for the exam, but having an understanding of how technology has changed will give you a better understanding of what can be achieved with modern CPUs. This CPU was released in 1978 and you can see it looks nothing like what a modern CPU looks like. There were CPUs before this one, but I will only be talking about the main ones that had an impact on the CPUs that we use today. This CPU is a 16-bit microprocessor. The minimum clock rate was five Megahertz. The CPU itself had 29000 transistors. The size of each transistor in a CPU is referred to as the feature size. For this CPU the feature size is three microns. A micron is one millionth of a meter. To put it in perspective, a human hair is 60 microns. This CPU was in production until 1998. -
Rise Mp6 Microprocessor
Rise™ mP6™ Microprocessor Low Power 2.0 V in .18 um Process Technology Doc#: MKTD6510.0 Version 0.0 Data Sheet ™ mmPP66 MMICROPROCESSOR ™ FOR WWINDOWS SSYSTEMS The Rise™ mP6™ processor is a sixth generation processor optimized for low–power, high-performance multimedia Windows™ applications. The innovative Rise™ mP6™ processor is the first superscalar, superpipelined, Pentium® MMX* compatible processor featuring 3 integer units, 3–way superscalar MMX technology, and a fully pipelined floating point unit. The innovative circuitry of the Rise™ mP6™ processor maximizes processing per clock cycle while requiring minimal power consumption – providing an ideal choice for cost–effective, power–efficient desktop and mobile Windows* 95, Windows* 98, and Windows NT* systems. ✝ RATED PERFORMANCE 366 MHZ 333 MHZ HOST BUS FREQUENCY 100 MHz 95 MHz CPU/HOST BUS RATIO 2.5:1 2.5:1 • x86 Instruction Set Enhanced with • Superscalar, Superpipelined MMX™ Technology Architecture − Superscalar MMX* Execution and Three • Pin Compatible with the Intel Pentium, Superpipelined Integer Units AMD* K6, AMD K6-2, and Cyrix MII* − Pipelined Floating Point Unit Processors (Socket 7) • − 296 Pin BPGA “Socket 7” Package Advanced Architectural Features − 387 Ball T2BGA® “Socket 7-like” Package − Advanced Data Dependency Removal − Split Voltage Planes Techniques − Innovative Instruction Decode and Branch • Advanced Power Management and Prediction Power Reduction Features − Dynamic Allocation of Resources − SMM Compatible • IEEE 1149.1 Boundary Scan − Clock Control − IEEE -
Typy Gniazd I Procesorów
TYPY GNIAZD I PROCESORÓW AMD Socket • Socket 5 - AMD K5. • Socket 7 - AMD K6. • Super Socket 7 - AMD K6-2, AMD K6-III. • Socket 462 (zwany tak Ŝe Socket A) - AMD Athlon, Duron, Athlon XP, Athlon XP-M, Athlon MP, i Sempron. • Socket 463 (zwany tak Ŝe Socket NexGen) - NexGen Nx586. • Socket 563 - AMD Athlon XP-M (µ-PGA Socket). • Socket 754 - AMD Athlon 64, Sempron, Turion 64. Obsługa pojedynczego kanału pami ęci DDR-SDRAM, tzw. single-channel. • Socket 939 - AMD Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX, Athlon 64 X2, Sempron, Turion 64, Opteron (seria 100). Obsługa podwójnego kanału pami ęci DDR-SDRAM, tzw. dual-channel. • Socket 940 - AMD Opteron (seria 100, 200, 800), Athlon 64 FX. Obsługa podwójnego kanału pami ęci DDR-SDRAM, tzw. dual- channel. • Socket 1207 (zwane tak Ŝe Socket F) - Supports AMD Opteron (seria 200, 800). Zast ąpił Socket 940. Obsługa dual-channel DDR2- SDRAM. • Socket AM2 - AMD Athlon 64 FX, Athlon 64 X2, Sempron, Turion 64, Opteron (seria 100). Obsługa dual-channel DDR2-SDRAM. Posiada 940 pinów. • Socket AM2+ - AMD Athlon X2, Athlon X3, Athlon X4, Phenom X2, Phenom X3, Phenom X4, Sempron, Phenom II. Obsługa dual- channel DDR2-SDRAM, oraz Obsługa dual-channel DDR3-SDRAM i HyperTransport 3 z mniejszym zapotrzebowaniem na energi ę. Posiada 940 pinów. • Socket AM3 - gniazdo pod procesor AMD, charakteryzuj ący si ę obsług ą dual-channel DDR3-SDRAM, oraz HyperTransport 3. Phenom II X2, Phenom X3, Phenom X4, Phenom X6, Athlon II X2, Athlon X3, Athlon X4, Sempron. • Socket FM1 - gniazdo pod procesor AMD Vision z nowej serii APU, wykonany w w 32 nanometrowym procesie produkcyjnym. -
Chapter 1 Identifying Personal Computer Components
4831x.book Page 1 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM Chapter Identifying Personal Computer 1 Components THE FOLLOWING COMPTIA A+ ESSENTIALS EXAM OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER: 1.1 Identify the fundamental principles of using personal computers Identify the names, purposes and characteristics of storage devices FDD HDD CD/DVD/RW (e.g. drive speeds, media types) Removable storage (e.g. tape drive, solid state such as thumb drives, flash and SD cards, USB, external CD-RW and hard drive) Identify the names, purposes and characteristics of motherboards Form Factor (e.g. ATX/BTX, micro ATX/NLX) Components Integrated I/Os (e.g. sound, video, USB, serial, IEEE 1394 / firewire, parallel, NIC, modem) Memory slots (e.g. RIMM, DIMM) COPYRIGHTED Processor MATERIAL sockets External cache memory Bus architecture Bus slots (e.g. PCI, AGP, PCIe, AMR, CNR) EIDE/PATA SATA SCSI Technology 4831x.book Page 2 Tuesday, September 12, 2006 11:59 AM Chipsets BIOS / CMOS / Firmware Riser card / Daughter board Identify the names, purposes and characteristics of power supplies, for example: AC adapter, ATX, proprietary, voltage Identify the names, purposes and characteristics of processor / CPUs CPU chips (e.g. AMD, Intel) CPU technologies Hyperthreading Dual core Throttling Micro code (MMX) Overclocking Cache VRM Speed (real vs. actual) 32 vs. 64 bit Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of memory Types of memory (e.g. DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, DDR / DDR2, RAMBUS) Operational characteristics Memory chips (8, 16, 32) Parity versus non-parity ECC vs. non-ECC Single-sided vs. double-sided Identify the names, purposes and characteristics of display devices, for example: projectors, CRT and LCD Connector types (e.g. -
Mikroprocesor
Mikroprocesor. Przetwarzanie informacji odbywa si ę przy u Ŝyciu systemu mikroprocesorowego. Najwa Ŝniejsz ą cz ęś ci ą takiego systemu jest układ przetwarzaj ący informacje, czyli procesor. Procesor przetwarza informacje wykonuj ąc na niej elementarne operacje zwane instrukcjami (rozkazami). Ci ąg takich instrukcji realizuj ący konkretne zadanie przetwarzania informacji nazywamy programem. Dlatego te Ŝ do systemu mikroprocesorowego oprócz danych nale Ŝy tak Ŝe dostarczy ć tak Ŝe program lub zestaw programów, czyli oprogramowanie (software). Procesor jest układem scalonym, którego działanie polega na wykonywaniu instrukcji programów, czyli jego rol ę mo Ŝna porówna ć do mózgu człowieka. Procesor nadzoruje i synchronizuj e prac wszystkich ę urz ądze ń w komputerze. Poszczególne rodzaje procesorów ró Ŝni ą si ę od siebie poprzez inn ą architektur ę (CISC lub RISC), liczb ę bitów przetwarzanych w jednym cyklu (mówimy np. o procesorze 16-, 32-, 64- bitowym), czy te Ŝ poprzez cz ęstotliwo ść taktowania podawan ą w MHz. Poj ęcie procesora jest cz ęsto uto Ŝsamiane z poj ęciem CPU (Central Processing Unit – główna jednostka przetwarzania danych). W przypadku komputera jednoprocesorowego CPU oraz procesor oznaczaj ą dokładnie to samo i cz ęś ciej u Ŝywa si ę wła śnie tego drugiego terminu. Kiedy jednak na płycie głównej znajduje si ę wi ęcej procesorów, to słowo CPU nabiera szerszego znaczenia - jest zbiorczym okre śleniem wszystkich procesorów (nie nale Ŝy wi ęc uŜywa ć sformułowania typu - ten komputer posiada 2 CPU"). W celu stworzenia efektywnie pracuj ącego systemu mikroprocesorowego procesor musi współpracowa ć z dodatkowymi układami, takimi jak pami ęć oraz układy wej ścia/wyj ścia. -
CHAPTER 3 Microprocessor Types and Specifications 36 Chapter 3 Microprocessor Types and Specifications
CHAPTER 3 Microprocessor Types and Specifications 36 Chapter 3 Microprocessor Types and Specifications Pre-PC Microprocessor History The brain or engine of the PC is the processor (sometimes called microprocessor), or central processing unit (CPU). The CPU performs the system’s calculating and processing. The processor is often the most expensive single component in the system (although graphics card pricing now surpasses it in some cases); in higher-end systems it can cost up to four or more times more than the motherboard it plugs into. Intel is generally credited with creating the first microprocessor in 1971 with the introduction of a chip called the 4004. Today Intel still has control over the processor market, at least for PC systems, although over the years AMD has garnered a respectable market share. This means that all PC-compatible systems use either Intel processors or Intel-compatible processors from a handful of competitors (such as AMD or VIA/Cyrix). Intel’s dominance in the processor market hadn’t always been assured. Although Intel is generally cred- ited with inventing the processor and introducing the first one on the market, by the late 1970s the two most popular processors for personal computers were not from Intel (although one was a clone of an Intel processor). Personal computers of that time primarily used the Z-80 by Zilog and the 6502 by MOS Technologies. The Z-80 was noted for being an improved and less expensive clone of the Intel 8080 processor, similar to the way companies such as AMD, VIA/Cyrix, IDT, and Rise Technologies have cloned Intel’s Pentium processors.