LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #1 a Finnish Job Interview

LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #1 A Finnish Job Interview

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 11 Cultural Insight

# 1

1. Vilja: Päivää! Olen Vilja Nurmela, tulin työhaastatteluun.

2. Haastattelija: Aivan, tervetuloa Vilja! Haet siis osa-aikaisen myyjän paikkaa.

3. Vilja: Kyllä.

4. Haastattelija: Onko sinulla kokemusta myyntityöstä?

5. Vilja: Olen ollut aikaisemmin ruokakaupassa töissä.

6. Haastattelija: Ahaa. Miksi olisit sopiva henkilö tähän tehtävään?

7. Vilja: Opiskelen tällä hetkellä kirjallisuutta. Pidän myös asiakaspalvelusta. Olen ahkera, ja iloinen työntekijä.

8. Haastattelija: Tämä työ sisältää lähinnä iltatöitä ja myös viikonloppuvuoroja. Sopiiko se sinulle?

9. Vilja: Kyllä, erinomaisesti. Opiskelen päiväsaikaan, joten ilta- ja viikonlopputyö sopii minulle oikein hyvin.

10. Haastattelija: Hienoa! Kiitos Vilja. Soitamme loppuviikosta, jos päätämme ottaa sinut meille töihin.

11. Vilja: Selvä. Kiitos paljon! Näkemiin!

ENGLISH

1. Vilja: Good afternoon! I'm Vilja Nurmela, I'm here for a job interview.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #1 - A FI NNIS H JOB I NTERVI EW 2 2. Interviewer: Oh, right, welcome Vilja! So you're applying for the part- time sales assistant position.

3. Vilja: Yes.

4. Interviewer: Do you have any experience in sales work?

5. Vilja: I've previously worked in a supermarket.

6. Interviewer: Ok, I see. Why would you be a suitable person for this job?

7. Vilja: I'm currently studying literature. I also like customer service. I'm hard-working, and a cheerful employee.

8. Interviewer: This work includes mainly evening and weekend shifts. Is that ok for you?

9. Vilja: Yes, very much so. I study during the daytime, so evening and weekend work suits me perfectly.

10. Interviewer: Great! Thank you Vilja. We'll call you at the end of the week, if we decide to hire you.

11. Vilja: All right. Thank you so much! Good-bye!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

työhaastattelu job interview noun

osa-aikainen part-time adjective

kokemus experience noun

aikaisemmin previously adverb

sopiva suitable adjective

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #1 - A FI NNIS H JOB I NTERVI EW 3 asiakaspalvelu customer service noun

iltatyö evening work noun

viikonlopputyö weekend work noun

viikonloppuvuoro weekend shift noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Työhaastatteluun on hyvä Toimistollamme aloittaa uusi valmistautua kunnolla. osa-aikainen sihteeri.

"It's good to prepare well for a "A new part-time secretary is job interview." starting at our office."

Minulla on paljon kokemusta Opetin aikaisemmin englantia pankkitoiminnan alalta. lapsille.

"I have a lot of experience in the "I previously taught English to banking sector." children."

Tämä työpaikka on erittäin Useilla yrityksillä on nykyään sopiva sinulle. asiakaspalvelu netissä.

"T his job is very suitable f or you." "Many companies nowadays have customer service online."

Iltatyö sopii opiskelijoille. Viikonlopputöistä saa hyvää

palkkaa. "Evening work is suitable f or students." "You get a nice salary f or weekend hours."

Teen tällä hetkellä vain viikonloppuvuoroja.

"I only do weekend shifts at the moment."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE työhaastattelu "job interview"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #1 - A FI NNIS H JOB I NTERVI EW 4 The word työhaastattelu is made out of two words: työ, meaning "job" or "work," and haastattelu, meaning "interview."

For example:

1. Saitko kutsun työhaastatteluun? "Did you get an invitation to a job interview?" myyntityö "sales work"

The word myyntityö is made out of two words: myynti meaning "sales," and työ meaning "job" or "work."

You can use this word whenever referring to a job related to selling something directly to customers. It can be, for example, a sales assistant position in a shop, or a telemarketing role. If you are talking about a sales manager position, it might be better to use the word myyntipäällikkö, "sales manager," to be more specific. You can also change the meaning of the word myyntityö by changing the word myynti, "sales," into another noun, such as suunnittelutyö, "design(ing) job."

For example:

1. Minulla ei ole kokemusta myyntityöstä. "I have no experience in sales work." ruokakauppa "grocery store"

The word ruokakauppa, is made out of two words: ruoka, meaning "food," and kauppa, meaning "shop."

You can use this word whenever you want to refer to a shop selling goods for cooking and eating, i.e., groceries. It can be a supermarket, a small local shop, or a big automarket—there is no difference based on the style or size of the shop. It is not normal to use this word when referring to a take away-restaurant or a kiosk/ convenience store with a limited stock. Use the words noutoravintola or take away- ravintola ("take away-restaurant") or kioski ("kiosk") instead.

People don't always say the whole word ruokakauppa when they say they are going food shopping. They often only say kauppa. You might hear Menen kauppaan, meaning "I'm going to the store."

For example:

1. Ruokakaupassa oli pitkä jono. "There was a long queue at the grocery store."

GRAMMAR

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #1 - A FI NNIS H JOB I NTERVI EW 5 T he Focus of this Lesson is Using the Present Tense to Express your Qualities as an Employee and Using the Past Perf ect to Explain Your Job History Opiskelen tällä hetkellä kirjallisuutta. Pidän myös asiakaspalvelusta. Olen ahkera, ja iloinen työntekijä. "I'm currently studying literature. I also like customer service. I'm hard-working, and a cheerf ul employee."

We use the present tense to talk about immediate facts, facts that are related to now, or facts that are continuously happening.

In a job interview you can use the present tense to express what you are studying at the moment, where you are working at the moment, and your personal traits, which may be beneficial for the job and your employer.

1. Preesens: Present Tense

Singular

Subject Finnish English

minä opiskelen "I study"

sinä opiskelet "you study"

hän opiskelee "he studies"

Plural

Subject Finnish English

me opiskelemme "we study"

te opiskelette "you study"

he opiskelevat "they study"

For example:

1. Minä opiskelen yliopistossa. "I study in a university."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #1 - A FI NNIS H JOB I NTERVI EW 6 2. Minä työskentelen kukkakaupassa. "I work in a flower shop."

You can add the partitive to make the expression more precise:

1. Minä opiskelen kirjallisuutta yliopistossa. "I study literature at university."

Or you can also add the essive case to express what you are doing/being currently:

1. Minä työskentelen osa-aikaisena kukkakaupassa. "I work as a part-time worker in a flower shop."

2. Minä olen kotiäitinä. literally "I am as a housewife," meaning "I am a housewife."

In job interviews, you are often asked why you applied for the job in question, or why you would be suitable for the job. That's a good time to express which parts of the job you like, and what kind of personal interests you have. You can express these with the present tense. For example, you can use these structures in your sentences:

1. Minä pidän... "I like..."

2. ...sopii minulle hyvin, koska... "...suits me well, because..."

3. Olen... "I am..."

4. Tämä työ sopii minulle hyvin, koska puhun eri kieliä. "This job suits me well because I speak different languages."

5. Olen luotettava ja ahkera työntekijä. "I am a trustworthy and hard-working employee."

2. Perfekti: Present Perf ect

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #1 - A FI NNIS H JOB I NTERVI EW 7 Let's also review the perfect aspect, perfekti, as you will most likely need it in a job interview. The core meaning of the perfect aspect is "prior" or "before." You will notice the perfect aspect from the combination of olla, "to be," the main verb being in the form of the past participle. For example: olen ollut, ("I have been"), olet ollut ("you have been"), hän on ollut ("she has been"), olemme olleet ("we have been"), olette olleet ("you have been"), ovat olleet ("they have been").

The present perfect is to talk about factual events that were completed before but also have importance now. For example, in a job interview you might say, olen työskennellyt siellä aikaisemmin, "I have worked there before," when your interviewer mentions another place or type of work, for example.

Many often teach present perfect as the verb tense used to talk about whether someone has had an experience or not.

Another way to use the present perfect is to talk about actions that have been recently finished.

How to Form the Present Perfect Tense

olen ("I am/I have") olet ("you are/you + the stem from the have") + -(n)ut/-(n)yt verb in the basic form on ("she is/she has")

olemme ("we are/we have") olette ("you are/you + the stem from the have") + -(n)eet verb in the basic form ovat ("they are/they have")

For example:

Verb: Juoda - "To drink"

1st singular: Minä juon - Minä olen juonut / "I drink" - "I have drunk"

2nd plural: Te juotte - Te olette juoneet / "You drink" - "You have drunk"

Verb: Lukea - "To read"

2nd singular: Sinä luet - Sinä olet lukenut / "You read" - "You have read"

*2nd plural: Te olette lukeneet - "You have read (plural)"

1st plural: Me luemme - Me olemme lukeneet / "We read" - "We have read"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #1 - A FI NNIS H JOB I NTERVI EW 8 How to Use Present Perfect Tense:

The present perfect tense cannot be used with specific expressions of time, such as eilen ("yesterday,"), viime viikolla ("last week"), kaksi tuntia sitten ( "two hours ago"), kun menin lomalle ( "when I went on holiday"), sinä päivänä ("that day") etc.

It can be used, however, with generic time expressions such as ei koskaan, ei milloinkaan or ei ikinä ("never"), kerran ("once"), aikaisemmin, aiemmmin or ennen ("before") or vielä ("yet").

The present perfect tense is commonly used to describe experiences, changes over time, uncompleted actions, accomplishments, and multiple actions.

For example:

Olen jo lukenut kirjan. "I have read the book already." - correct. Jo, "Already" is not a specific time expression.

Eilen, olen lukenut kirjan. "Yesterday, I have read the book." - incorrect. Present perfect tense cannot be used with a specific time expression such as "yesterday." The correct sentence is Luin kirjan eilen. "Yesterday, I read the book."

In a job interview or when introducing your background in another similar situation, you can use the present perfect tense to explain where you have worked or studied in the past, for example:

1. Olen tehnyt kirjanpitäjän töitä. "I have worked as a book-keeper" (literal translation: "I have done bookkeepers jobs.")

2. Olen opiskellut taidetta. "I have studied art."

3. Work-related Vocabulary

Below is a list of adjectives and nouns to help you express your qualities as an employee.

systemaattinen "systematic" luonne "character"

ahkera "diligent," "hard- innostunut "enthusiastic" working"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #1 - A FI NNIS H JOB I NTERVI EW 9 päättäväinen "determined" reilu "fair" luova "creative" järjestelmällinen "methodical" ystävällinen "friendly" looginen "logical" miellyttävä "pleasant" innovatiivinen "innovative" luotettava "reliable" aito "genuine" kurinalainen "self-disciplined" tuottelias "productive" motivoitunut "motivated" käytännöllinen "practical" joustava "flexible" positiivinen "positive" vilpitön "sincere" johtajuustaidot "leadership skills" menestynyt "successful" tiimityöskentelijä "team player" tahdikas "tactful" huumorintaju "sense of humor" rehellinen "honest" kokemus "experience"

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Kyllä, erinomaisesti. Opiskelen päiväsaikaan, joten ilta- ja viikonlopputyö sopii minulle oikein hyvin. "Yes, very much so. I study during the daytime, so evening and weekend work suits me perfectly."

2. Olen ollut aikaisemmin ruokakaupassa töissä. "I've previously worked in a supermarket."

Sample Sentences

1. Olen ystävällinen ja joustava työntekijä. "I am a friendly and flexible employee."

2. Olen työskennellyt pankissa ennenkin. "I have worked in a bank before as well."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #1 - A FI NNIS H JOB I NTERVI EW 10 3. Valmennan juniorijalkapallojoukkuetta, joten olen hyvä johtaja. "I coach a junior football team, so I am a good leader."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Applying f or a Job in Finland

In Finland, it's quite common to search for possible jobs online, on the Labor and Economic Development Office website or independent job-seeker websites for example. Many jobs, however, are filled without any public announcements, so it's a good idea to contact businesses directly. Most often companies prefer that job seekers contact them via email, or by calling them.

When sending an email to a possible employer, it is important to be polite and write your message clearly. You don't need to exaggerate the level of politeness, however, as this may come off as unintentionally comical. Just be natural, efficient and clear!

When going to an interview, dress neatly, but don't worry about showing your personality. It of course depends on the role, but usually interviewees don't have to worry about strict dress codes. Dressing in clean, neat clothes and taking care of your appearance is important.

According to Finnish law, the employer can not put applicants and employees into a different position based on their age, nationality, race, religion, opinion, state of health, disability, sexual orientation, language, or any other similar factor, unless they have a good reason.

When you go to an interview, make sure to research the company you're interviewing with, and bring a copy of your CV with you. If you're going for a creative job, bring your portfolio with you. Sometimes name cards will be exchanged, but they're not that common in Finland, so don't worry if you don't have one.

Useful expression:

1. Päivää! Nimeni on.. Onko teillä mahdollisesti työpaikkoja vapaana? "Good afternoon! My name is... Do you possibly have any job vacancies?"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #1 - A FI NNIS H JOB I NTERVI EW 11 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #2 Is There a Cold Snap on the Way in Finland?

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 10 Cultural Insight

# 2

1. Kuuluttaja: Ja nyt kuulemme säätiedotuksen viikonlopulle. Kylmältä näyttää, vai mitä Pekka?

2. Pekka: Kyllä vain. Viikonloppua vietetään erittäin talvisessa säässä.

3. Pekka: Syynä pakkaseen on korkeapaine, joka on ulottunut Siperiasta asti meille.

4. Pekka: Pakkaslukemat liikkuvat 20-30 asteen välillä koko maassa.

5. Pekka: Yötä kohden pakkanen kiristyy, ja Lapissa 40 pakkasastetta voi mennä rikki.

6. Pekka: Pakkasella pysytään myös ensi viikolla, joskin talvi hellittää otettaan hieman loppuviikolla.

7. Kuuluttaja: Selvä, kiitos Pekka! Villapaidat siis esiin!

ENGLISH

1. Announcer: And now we'll hear the weather forecast for the weekend. Looks cold, or what, Pekka?

2. Pekka: Yes, indeed. The weekend will be very wintry weather.

3. Pekka: The reason for the freezing weather is the high air pressure, which has extended all the way from Siberia to us.

4. Pekka: The freezing temperatures will move between -20 and -30 degrees throughout the whole country.

5. Pekka: Towards the night the frost will be tightening, and in Lapland -40 degrees might be seen.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #2 - I S THERE A COLD S NAP ON THE WAY I N FI NLAND? 2 6. Pekka: The freezing weather will continue on next week, although winter will lose its grip slightly towards the end of the week.

7. Announcer: Okay, thank you, Pekka! So bring out the sweaters!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

weather forecast, säätiedotus weather report noun

kiristyä tighten verb

degree for freezing pakkasaste temperatures, below 0 noun degrees celsius

hellittää to ease verb

the rest of the week, the loppuviikko second half of the week noun

ulottua to extend verb

korkeapaine high pressure noun

talvinen wintry adjective

frost, freeze, freezing pakkanen weather noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Odotan säätiedotusta. Pakkanen kiristyy

huomattavasti yön aikana. "I am waiting for the weather f orecast." "The freezing weather will tighten considerably during the night."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #2 - I S THERE A COLD S NAP ON THE WAY I N FI NLAND? 3 Ulkona on jo 25 pakkasastetta. Hellitä hieman, älä työskentele

niin kovasti. "It is already -25 degrees outside." "Ease up a little, don't work so hard."

Loppuviikko näyttää todella Ukkosrintama ulottuu kiireiseltä. rannikolta Hämeeseen saakka.

"The end of the week looks very "A thunder front extends from the busy." coast to Häme."

Korkeapaine lähestyy Suomea. Sää on tänään erittäin

talvinen. "A high pressure system is approaching Finland." "T he weather is very wintry today."

Pakkasen vuoksi autoa voi olla vaikea käynnistää.

"It may be very difficult to start the car because of the freeze."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE korkeapaine "high pressure"

The word korkeapaine is made out of two words; korkea meaning "high" or "tall" and paine, meaning "pressure."

You can use this word when referring to the weather phenomenon called high "pressure" or an "anticyclone."

For example:

1. Korkeapaine lähestyy viikonlopun aikana. "The high pressure system will be approaching during the weekend." pakkaslukema "reading for freezing temperatures (temperatures below 0 celsius degrees)

The word pakkaslukema is made out of two parts: pakkas- referring to the word pakkanen, which means a freezing weather condition, and lukema, meaning "reading."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #2 - I S THERE A COLD S NAP ON THE WAY I N FI NLAND? 4 This word can be used when referring to a temperature degree which is below 0 celsius. It is usually accompanied by some kind of qualifier, either a number or a word expressing quantity or quality, like "a lot" or "hard."

For example:

1. Ulkona on kovat pakkaslukemat. "There are hard sub zero readings outside." pakkasaste "degree for freezing temperatures (temperatures below 0 celsius degrees)"

The word pakkasaste is made out of two parts: pakkas- referring to the word pakkanen, which means a freezing weather condition, and aste, meaning "degree."

This word can be used when referring to a temperature below 0 celsius. It is usually accompanied by some kind of qualifier, either a number or a word expressing quantity.

For example:

1. Ulkona on 15 pakkasastetta. "It is 15 below zero outside."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Understanding and Expressing Weather Conditions with More Versatile Expressions. Kyllä vain. Viikonloppua vietetään erittäin talvisessa säässä. "Yes, indeed. T he weekend will be very wintry weather." Lännestä alkaen pilvistyvää ja lumisadetta. "Getting cloudy f rom the west, and snow."

In this lesson, you'll learn how to talk about predictions using new sentence-ending expressions. These expressions indicate probability, possibility, or the speaker's conjecture. You'll also learn some vocabulary words that express weather conditions.

1. Potentiaali: "T he potential"

Within weather forecasts it is quite common to use "the potential," which expresses a guess, prediction, possibility, or probability. The characteristic of the

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #2 - I S THERE A COLD S NAP ON THE WAY I N FI NLAND? 5 potential is -ne. The potential can be conjugated in the present tense and in the present perfect tense.

How to form the potential:

The present tense of the potential is formed by adding the -ne- ending and personal suffix to the infinitive stem.

1st singular: -ne- + n | 1st plural: -ne- + mme

2nd singular: -ne- + t | 2nd plural: -ne- + tte

3rd singular: -ne- + e | 3rd plural: -ne- + vat/vät

Common verbs used in weather forecasts are: paistaa, "to shine" → paistanee "will probably shine," "is most likely to shine" (third person singular) sataa, "to rain" → satanee, "will probably rain," "is most likely to rain" pilvistyä, "to cloud over" → pilvistynee, "will probably cloud over," "is most likely to cloud over"

There is also the auxiliary verb lienee (meaning similar to "will" or "will probably (be)," "will possibly (be)"), which expresses that something or someone is probably something or somewhere.

1. Huomenna lienee aurinkoinen ilma. "It is most likely to be sunny weather tomorrow."

2. Other Words to Express Probability

There are also other words you can use to express probability: luultavasti - "probably" todennäköisesti - "probably" saattaa - "may" or "might" varmaankin - "surely" ehkäpä - "perhaps" kenties - "perhaps"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #2 - I S THERE A COLD S NAP ON THE WAY I N FI NLAND? 6 mahdollisesti - "possibly"

probably Iltapäivällä luultavasti sataa. "It will probably rain in the afternoon."

probably Iltapäivällä sataa todennäköisesti. "It will probably rain in the afternoon."

might Saattaa sataa. "It might rain."

surely Koe on varmaankin vaikea. "The test is surely difficult."

surely Koe on varmasti vaikea. "The test is surely difficult."

perhaps Ehkäpä koe on(kin) helppo. "Perhaps the test will be easy."

perhaps Kenties koe on(kin) helppo. "Perhaps the test will be easy."

possibly Kirjoitan ylös kaiken, minkä voin "I write down everything, I can mahdollisesti muistaa. possibly remember."

3. Weather-related Vocabulary

Phrases and Vocabulary Finnish Use in Weather Forecasts

Verbs

Finnish English

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #2 - I S THERE A COLD S NAP ON THE WAY I N FI NLAND? 7 paistaa "to shine" pilvistyä "to cloud over" sataa "to rain" tuulla "to blow" selkeytyä "to clarify," "to settle" kirkastua "to clear up," "to brighten up" kylmentyä "to cool down" lämmetä "to warm up" pakastua "to freeze" sulaa "to melt" jäätyä "to freeze" ("to get icy") lauhtua "to thaw" sataa lunta "to snow" sataa rakeita "to hail"

Nouns

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #2 - I S THERE A COLD S NAP ON THE WAY I N FI NLAND? 8 Finnish English aurinko "sun" auringonpaiste "sunshine" sade "rain" lumi "snow" rae "hail" tihkusade "drizzle" räntä "sleet" kuuro "shower" sumu, usva "mist" sumu "fog" pilvi "cloud" sateenkaari "rainbow" tuuli "wind" tuulahdus "breeze" ukkonen "thunder" salama "lightning" myrsky "storm" ukonilma "thunderstorm" navakka tuuli "gale" pyörremyrsky, tornado "tornado" pyörremyrsky, hurrikaani "hurricane" tulva "flood" pakkanen "frost" jää "ice" kuivuus "drought" lämpöaalto "heat wave" sääennuste "weather forecast" sademäärä "rainfall" lämpötila "temperature" kosteus "humidity" korkeapaine "high pressure" matalapaine "low pressure" aste "degree" ilmasto "climate" ilmastonmuutos "climate change" ilmaston lämpeneminen "global warming"

Adjectives

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #2 - I S THERE A COLD S NAP ON THE WAY I N FI NLAND? 9 Finnish English tuulinen "windy" pilvinen "cloudy" sumuinen "foggy" sumuinen, usvainen "misty" jäinen "icy" huurteinen "frosty" myrskyinen "stormy" kuiva "dry" märkä "wet" kuuma "hot" kylmä "cold" viileä "chilly" aurinkoinen "sunny" sateinen "rainy" kaunis "fine" pilvinen "overcast" kostea "humid"

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Pakkaslukemat liikkuvat 20-30 asteen välillä koko maassa. "The freezing temperatures will move between -20 and -30 degrees throughout the whole country."

2. Pakkasella pysytään myös ensi viikolla, joskin talvi hellittää otettaan hieman loppuviikolla. "The freezing weather will continue on next week, although winter will lose its grip slightly towards the end of the week."

Sample Sentences

1. Lännestä alkaen pilvistyvää ja lumisadetta. "From the west it's getting cloudy and there is snowfall."

2. Etelässä satanee iltapäivällä jonkin verran lunta. "It will probably snow lightly in the south during the afternoon."

3. Yön aikana sää selkenee ja kylmenee. "During the night the weather clears up and cools down."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #2 - I S THERE A COLD S NAP ON THE WAY I N FI NLAND? 10 Coping with Very Cold Temperatures

Winter weather can get quite cold and extreme in Finland, with temperatures going below -20 degrees celsius even in the south, and sometimes down to -45 degrees in the north. Finns, however, are used to living with snow, ice, and freezing temperatures!

The houses are built warm, with double or triple glazed windows, central heating systems in some houses, and fireplaces and saunas taking care of additional heating.

Finns are also used to dealing with snow and ice when it comes to traffic. If it snows, an army of snowplows will hit the streets to clear them. They also spread salt or sand on the roads if it gets very icy. Drivers are required by law to install winter tires.

The Helsinki-Vantaa Airport is globally known for its "Snow-How," and almost never has to shut down, even in very cold temperatures. The longest time Helsinki Vantaa Airport ever had to temporarily halt its functions was for 30 minutes in 2003 due to heavy snow.

The Finns learn early how to dress for the cold weather—the key is in layering and in choosing the correct materials. Schools in Finland also don't usually close in any kind of weather. Some schools may, however, have temperature limits, like -20 celsius degrees, below which the children don't need to go outside for recess.

Useful expression:

1. Talvirenkaat on asennettava viimeistään 1.12. "Winter tires must be installed by December 1st at the latest."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #2 - I S THERE A COLD S NAP ON THE WAY I N FI NLAND? 11 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #3 Deciding on Winter Activities in Finland

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 9 Cultural Insight

# 3

1. Aino: Heikki, hiihtoloma lähestyy. Minne mentäisiin lomalla?

2. Heikki: Haluaisin taas lumilautailemaan. Voisimme varata taas saman lomamökin Lapista, kuin viime vuonna.

3. Aino: Hmm, minun mielestäni se viime vuoden paikka oli hiukan tylsä. Haluaisin mieluummin kylpylään.

4. Heikki: Minä en niin välitä uimisesta talvilomalla... Minusta talvella pitäisi nauttia lumesta!

5. Aino: No, onhan se toki niinkin. Voisimme silti etsiä paikan, missä voimme sekä lautailla, että käydä kylpylässä.

6. Heikki: Joo, mikä ettei.

ENGLISH

1. Aino: Heikki, the skiing holiday is approaching. Where should we go?

2. Heikki: I would like to go snowboarding again. We could reserve the same cabin in Lapland as last year.

3. Aino: Hmm, I think the place last year was a little bit boring. I would rather go to a spa.

4. Heikki: I don't care for swimming that much during winter vacation... In my opinion you're supposed to enjoy snow during winter!

5. Aino: Well, sure, that too. We could still search for a place where we can snowboard and go to a spa.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #3 - DECI DING ON WI NTER ACTI VI TI ES I N FI NLAND 2 6. Heikki: Yeah, why not.

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

hiihtoloma skiing holiday noun

pitäisi be supposed to verb

sekä... että both... and conjunction

välittää jstk to care about something verb

tylsä boring, dull adjective

lomamökki holiday cottage, cabin noun

minun mielestäni in my opinion phrase

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Hiihtoloma on helmikuussa. Täällä pitäisi olla kirjoja.

"The skiing holiday is in February." "There are supposed to be books here."

Pidän sekä omenista, että En oikein välitä urheilusta.

appelsiineista. "I don't really care about sports." "I like both apples and oranges."

Tämä veitsi on tylsä. Haluaisin oman lomamökin.

"T his knif e is dull." "I would like to have my own holiday cottage."

Minun mielestäni tämä ohjelma on mielenkiintoinen.

"In my opinion this program is interesting."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #3 - DECI DING ON WI NTER ACTI VI TI ES I N FI NLAND 3 hiihtoloma "skiing holiday"

The word hiihtoloma is made out of two words: hiihto, meaning "skiing," and loma, meaning "holiday."

You can use this word when referring to a skiing holiday. In Finland, it is most commonly used when referring to the regular skiing holiday in schools.

As the skiing holiday is at different times in different parts of Finland, it is quite common to hear the question koska teillä on hiihtoloma?, "When do you have your skiing holiday?" Another common phrase is minne menette hiihtolomalla?, "Where do you go for skiing holiday?"

For example:

1. Hiihtoloma on ensi viikolla. "The skiing holiday is next week." lomamökki "holiday cottage"

The word lomamökki is made out of two words: loma, meaning "holiday," and mökki, meaning "cottage" or "cabin."

You can use this word when referring to a holiday cabin or a cottage. This word can be used to refer to holiday cottages rented in holiday villages. If you want to refer to a cottage you own yourself, a better word is kesämökki, "summer cottage," or just mökki, "cottage."

For example:

1. Haluaisin vuokrata lomamökin Lapista. "I would like to rent a holiday cottage in Lapland." ei välitä jstk "to not care for something"

The expression for "to not care for" is formed in Finnish with the negation ei, "no" or "not," the verb välittää, "to care" and the object of which one does not care about or isn't fond of. For example, en välitä maidosta, "I'm not too fond of milk."

You can use this expression when you want to say you don't really like something, but you don't want to be too blunt about it.

If you want to express clearly that you don't like something, you can say en pidä jostakin, "I don't like something."

For example:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #3 - DECI DING ON WI NTER ACTI VI TI ES I N FI NLAND 4 1. Hän ei välitä lukemisesta. "He does not care for reading."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Using Particular Phrases to Express Your Opinion and Using the Conditional Form to Make Suggestions. Hmm, minun mielestäni se viime vuoden paikka oli hiukan tylsä. Haluaisin mieluummin kylpylään. "Hmm, I think the place last year was a little bit boring. I would rather go to a spa."

1. Phrases to Express One's Opinion

After someone says something, if we want to express an opposing viewpoint, we can use particular phrases to introduce it. This shows that we understand the person's point, but that we might feel another way and want to inform the person.

We can use these phrases to offer our opinion politely:

1. Toisaalta... "On the other hand..."

2. Voi olla, mutta... "Can be, but..."

3. Se on totta, mutta... "That's true, but..."

4. Minun mielestäni kuitenkin... "In my opinion however..."

5. Aivan, mutta silti... "Right, but even so..."

6. Voidaan kuitenkin myös ajatella, että... "However, we can also think that..."

7. Aivan, olen kuitenkin eri mieltä kuin sinä. "Right, but I still disagree with you."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #3 - DECI DING ON WI NTER ACTI VI TI ES I N FI NLAND 5 8. Minulla on kuitenkin eri mielipide. "However, I have a different opinion."

9. Se on toki niinkin, mutta... "Sure, it is like that as well, but..."

For example:

1. A: Se oli tylsä elokuva, mutta toisaalta, se oli myös erittäin informatiivinen. A: "That was a boring movie, but, on the other hand, it was also really informative." B: Voi olla, mutta minun mielestäni jos elokuva on tylsä, en jaksa seurata sitä. B: "Maybe, but I think that if the movie is boring I can't be bothered to follow it."

We can also introduce pros and cons by using phrases like Hyvä juttu on, että... ("The good thing is that...").

Try using these phrases to introduce good and bad points about something:

1. Hyvä/huono juttu/asia/puoli on... "The good/bad thing/matter/point is..."

2. Paras/huonoin puoli on... "The best/worst part is..."

3. Tässä asiassa on se hyvä/huono puoli, että... "There is a good/bad point in this matter, in that..."

4. Eräs hyvä/huono puoli on, että... "One good/bad point is that..."

For example:

1. A: Tämä on kaunis hotelli. Paras puoli on sen hinta! Se on niin edullinen! "This is a beautiful hotel. The best part is the price! It's so affordable!" B: Huono puoli on sen sijainti; se sijaitsee kilometrejä kaupungin keskustasta. "The bad point is its location; it's located miles from the city center." A: No toisaalta, täällä on hyvin rauhallista. "Well, on the other hand, it's very peaceful here."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #3 - DECI DING ON WI NTER ACTI VI TI ES I N FI NLAND 6 2. Using the Conditional Form to Make Suggestions

1. Voisimme varata lomamökin Lapista. "We could reserve a holiday cabin in Lapland."

Previously we learned that the conditional form can be used as means to express politeness. However, it can be also used to make suggestions.

Let's review a little bit:

The conditional is formed by taking the strong stem of the verb (put the verb in 3rd person plural and remove -vat suffix), then adding the -isi suffix and the personal ending.

If the stem has an e or i at the end, it disappears. Also, when there are two vowels, the first one disappears.

For example:

He syövät ("They are eating") → stem: syö- → remove y → add isi + personal ending

Singular Plural (Minä) söisin ("I would eat") (Me) söisimme ("We would eat") (Sinä) söisit ("You would eat") (Te) söisitte ("You would eat") (Hän) söisi ("She would eat") (He) söisivät ("They would eat")

More conjugation examples:

Verb 3rd Person Plural Conditional

soittaa ("to he soittavat ("they play") me soittaisimme ("we play" (music)) would play")

voida ("can," "be able he voivat ("they can") me voisimme ("we to") could")

saada ("to get") he saavat ("they get") hän saisi ("she would get")

juoda ("to drink") he juovat ("they drink") te joisitte ("you would drink")

syödä ("to eat") he syövät ("they eat") he söisivät ("they would eat")

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #3 - DECI DING ON WI NTER ACTI VI TI ES I N FI NLAND 7 viedä ("to take") he vievät ("they take") minä veisin ("I would take)

Making a Polite Question or Suggestion

You can make a question in Finnish, by adding the -ko or -kö particle after the element you are inquiring about:

1. Onko sinulla kissa? "Do you have a cat?"

2. Sinullako on kissa? "Are you the one who has a cat?"

3. Kissako sinulla on? "Is it a cat you have?"

The word with the -ko/kö particle reveals you are asking something, so you would normally start the sentence with this word. Otherwise the word order in Finnish is quite free.

If you wish to make a polite suggestion or polite question, you can use the conditional with the -ko/-kö ending, i.e. you combine the conditional with the question particle -ko/-kö.

1. Menisimmekö kahville? "Shall we go for a coffee?"

2. Voisitteko siirtyä hieman oikealle? "Could you move a little to the right, please?"

3. Joisitko jotain kuumaa? "Would you like to drink something hot?"

N.B. The -ko/-kö ending is also used in indirect questions:

1. En tiedä, lähtikö opettaja jo kotiin. "I don't know, did the teacher go home already."

2. Kysy, onko hänellä karttaa. "Ask, has he got a map."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #3 - DECI DING ON WI NTER ACTI VI TI ES I N FI NLAND 8 3. Kerro sitten myöhemmin, oliko retki hauska. "Tell us later then, was the trip fun."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Minä en niin välitä uimisesta talvilomalla... Minusta talvella pitäisi nauttia lumesta! "I don't care for swimming that much during winter vacation... In my opinion you're supposed to enjoy snow during winter!"

2. No, onhan se toki niinkin. Voisimme silti etsiä paikan, missä voimme sekä lautailla, että käydä kylpylässä. "Well, sure, that too. We could still search for a place where we can snowboard and go to a spa."

Sample Sentences

1. Minun mielestäni tämä keitto on hiukan mautonta. "In my opinion, this soup is a little bit bland."

2. Sinä pidät auringon ottamisesta, mutta minun mielestäni se ei ole kuitenkaan hyväksi ihollesi. "You like sunbathing, but in my opinion however it's not good for your skin."

3. Lähtisimmekö kesän alussa risteilylle? "Shall we go to a cruise in the beginning of summer?"

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Skiing Holiday

Skiing holiday, or winter holiday, is a week-long holiday that is held in schools between February and March. The time of the holiday is staggered according to municipalities to avoid congestion in the northern skiing resorts.

The holiday dates back to the 1930s when it was introduced to encourage children to exercise and to give them the enthusiasm and strength to study for the rest of the spring.

Nowadays many parents also apply for a week long holiday from work in order to

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #3 - DECI DING ON WI NTER ACTI VI TI ES I N FI NLAND 9 go to the skiing centres in Lapland with their children and enjoy skiing, snowboarding, and cross-country skiing. It has also become popular to travel to tropical holiday destinations like Thailand or the Canary Islands to escape the Finnish winter for a moment. Many children stay home, or visit relatives during their holiday.

Useful expression:

1. Hiihtoloma on viikon mittainen loma kevät-talvella. "Skiing holiday is a week-length holiday in late winter-early spring."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #3 - DECI DING ON WI NTER ACTI VI TI ES I N FI NLAND 10 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #4 An Emergency Situation in Finland

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 7 Cultural Insight

# 4

1. Työntekijä: Haloo, hätäkeskus.

2. Jukka: Hei, tarvitsen äkkiä ambulanssin! Täällä on vanhus joka liukastui pahasti jäisellä tiellä.

3. Työntekijä: Rauhoittukaa - mikä paikkakunta on kyseessä?

4. Jukka: Helsinki. Hänellä on kovia kipuja, tulkaa äkkiä!

5. Työntekijä: Kertokaa osoite hitaasti.

6. Jukka: Tämä on.. hetkinen.. Brahenkadun ja Porvoonkadun kulmassa. Urheilukentän vieressä.

7. Työntekijä: Älä sulje puhelinta, poistun hetkeksi linjalta.

8. Jukka: Selvä.

9. Työntekijä: No niin, apua on matkalla. Odottakaa siellä, kunnes ambulanssi saapuu. Voiko teidät tavoittaa tästä numerosta?

10. Jukka: Kyllä. Kiitos!

ENGLISH

1. Employee: Hello, emergency response center.

2. Jukka: Hi, I need an ambulance really quickly! There is an elderly person here who slipped really badly on the icy road.

3. Employee: Please calm down - which district are you in?

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #4 - AN EMERGENCY S I TUATI ON I N FI NLAND 2 4. Jukka: Helsinki. She's in a lot of pain, please come soon!

5. Employee: Please tell me the address slowly.

6. Jukka: This is... wait.. at the corner of Brahe street and Porvoo street. Next to the sports field.

7. Employee: Please don't hang up, I will go off the line for a moment.

8. Jukka: All right.

9. Employee: Okay, help is on the way. Please wait there until the ambulance arrives. Can I reach you at this number?

10. Jukka: Yes. Thank you!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

public-safety answering hätäkeskus point, emergency noun response center

tarvita to need verb

ambulanssi ambulance noun

liukastua to slip verb

rauhoittua to calm down verb

paikkakunta location, locality, place noun

kertoa to tell verb

odottaa to wait verb

hitaasti slowly adverb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #4 - AN EMERGENCY S I TUATI ON I N FI NLAND 3 Puhelinnumero Tarvitsen vähän apua. hätäkeskukseen on 112. "I need some help." "The phone number of the public- safety answering point is 112."

Minä todella tarvitsen, että Tarvitsen vähän apua. kuuntelet minua. "I need some help." "I really need you to listen to me."

Pikkuveljeni pitää T ie on erittäin jäinen, varo ambulansseista. ettet liukastu.

"My little brother likes "T he road is very icy, be caref ul ambulances." not to slip."

Koirani ei meinannut millään Olen kotoisin pieneltä rauhoittua. paikkakunnalta.

"My dog would not calm down." "I am f rom a small municipality."

Isoäitini kertoi minulle Voitko odottaa laskuasi vielä kiehtovan tarinan. pari päivää lisää? Minulla on se

melkein valmiina. "My grandmother told me a f ascinating story." "Can you wait f or your invoice a couple of days more? I almost have it ready."

En pidä odottamisesta. Vihaan sinun odottamistasi

tuntikausia! "I don't like waiting." "I hate waiting for you for hours!"

Jouduin odottamaan seuraavaa Odotan sinua puistossa. junaa. "I will wait for you in the park." "I had to wait for the next train."

Matkustaja odotti junaa. Kävellään hitaasti, jalkaani

sattuu. "The traveler waited for the train." "Let's walk slowly, my foot hurts."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #4 - AN EMERGENCY S I TUATI ON I N FI NLAND 4 paikkakunta "locality, district"

The word paikkakunta, is made up of two words: paikka, meaning "place," and kunta, meaning "municipality," "parish," or "commune."

This word refers to any inhabited village, city, or locality, but it especially refers to a municipality.

For example:

1. Tämä paikkakunta on kuuluisa leivästään. "This locality is famous for it's bread." olla tavoitettavissa "to be reached at/to be available"

You can use this phrase when you want to say you or someone can or can not be reached by some kind of communication device, or, for example, when you want to express that someone can be reached from a certain place, as in Olen tavoitettavissa toimistoltani ensi viikolla, meaning "I can be reached at my office next week."

For example:

1. Lääkärin täytyy olla tavoitettavissa melkein koko ajan. "A doctor must be reachable at almost all times."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Using the Imperative Mood When Giving Instructions Helsinki. Hänellä on kovia kipuja, tulkaa äkkiä! "Helsinki. She's in a lot of pain, please come soon!"

The imperative verb is used to tell people what to do, in order to give instructions or advice.

The imperative form is commonly used in the singular 2nd and the plural 2nd forms.

For example, in the dialogue, the person at the emergency response center said Älä sulje puhelinta, "do not hang up the phone."

She also used the plural form to express politeness, Kertokaa osoite hitaasti, "Please tell me the address slowly."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #4 - AN EMERGENCY S I TUATI ON I N FI NLAND 5 T he imperative in the singular form:

The imperative in the singular form is formed from the verb stem of the 1st singular, by removing the -n suffix.

Verb T he Imperative

Minä luen ("I read") lue-n Lue! ("Read!") verb type 1

Minä annan ("I give") anna-n Anna! ("Give!") verb type 1

Minä syön ("I eat") syö-n Syö! ("Eat!") verb type 2

Minä hymyilen ("I smile") hymyile-n Hymyile! (Smile!") verb type 3

Minä herään ("I wake up") herää-n Herää! ("Wake up!") verb type 4

Minä lukitsen ("I lock") lukitse-n Lukitse! ("Lock!") verb type 5

T he Negatiivinen Imperative is formed by adding the negation älä, "do not," in front of the imperative.

Älä ("do not") + imperative

Älä syö! ("Do not eat!") Älä tule! ("Do not come!")

Älä mene sinne! - "Do not go there!" Älä sulje puhelinta! - "Do not hang up!"

T he imperative in the plural form

When you want to use the imperative in a more polite or respectful manner, such as when talking to strangers, you can use the imperative in the plural 2nd person.

The imperative in the plural 2nd person is formed by adding -kaa or -kää ending to the stem of the infinitive form.

Inf inite stem + -kaa / -kää

Istua ("to sit") → istu- + kaa Istukaa! ("Sit!") Juoda ("to drink") → juo- + kaa Juokaa! ("Drink!") Nousta ("to get up") → nous- + kaa Nouskaa! ("Get up!") Mennä ("to go") → men- + kää Menkää! ("Go!")

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #4 - AN EMERGENCY S I TUATI ON I N FI NLAND 6 T he negative imperative is formed by adding the plural negation älkää("do not") in front of the stem of the infinite, and ending -ko or -kö to the stem.

Älkää ("do not") + stem of inf inite verb + -ko/-kö

Auttaa ("to help") → autta- + -ko → Älkää auttako! auttako "Do not help!" Mennä pan ("to go")→ men- + kö → Älkää menkö! menkö "Do not go!"

Kuunnelkaa minua! Älkää menkö sinne! "Listen to me!" "Don't go there!" Odottakaa rauhassa! Älkää tehkö tyhmyyksiä! "Wait peacefully!" "Don't do anything stupid!" Rauhoittukaa! Älkää sulkeko puhelinta! "Calm down!" "Do not hang up!"

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Kertokaa osoite hitaasti. "Please tell me the address slowly."

2. No niin, apua on matkalla. Odottakaa siellä, kunnes ambulanssi saapuu. Voiko teidät tavoittaa tästä numerosta? "Okay, help is on the way. Please wait there until the ambulance arrives. Can I reach you at this number?"

Sample Sentences

1. Käänny seuraavasta risteyksestä oikealle. "Turn right at the next crossing."

2. Siivoa heti huoneesi! "Clean up your room right now!"

3. Kuunnelkaa tarkasti! "Listen carefully!"

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Emergency Training f or

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #4 - AN EMERGENCY S I TUATI ON I N FI NLAND 7 Children

There are no big or severe natural phenomenons in Finland that could possibly cause large accidents, but children are, however, taught what to do when an emergency occurs. This can be someone getting injured, a fire, or even rescuing someone from thin ice.

In school, children are taught through games, lessons, and animation about how to act safely in their environment and how to call for help. They are also taught how to behave around water, fire, electricity, traffic, hazardous substances and also how to deal with strangers approaching them. Older students are taught how to give simple first aid.

Even many grownups remember a classic animation from their childhood, with a help of a teddy bear, "Nalle," and a little boy, "Heikki," explains how to rescue someone from thin ice, and most of all, how important it is to avoid going on thin ice in the first place! The animation was first introduced in 1986, and is still broadcast on TV every autumn and spring.The animation has received both praise as well as criticism, as some children find the events and the soundscape in the animation as too scary.

Useful expression

1. Varokaa heikkoa jäätä! "Beware of thin ice!"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #4 - AN EMERGENCY S I TUATI ON I N FI NLAND 8 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #5 How Do You Like Your Chances in Finland?

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 8 Cultural Insight

# 5

1. Aino: Hei Vilja! Miten työhaastattelu meni? Oliko haastattelija mukava?

2. Vilja: Moi Aino! Hmm, meni se varmaan ihan hyvin. Haastattelija oli ihan mukava ja rento.

3. Aino: Milloin saat tietää, onko paikka sinun?

4. Vilja: Loppuviikosta. En tosin ole yhtään varma onko minulla mahdollisuuksia..

5. Aino: Kuinka niin?

6. Vilja: No, muut hakijat ovat varmaan nuorempia tai ainakin kokeneempia, kuin minä.

7. Aino: Älä murehdi. Olen varma, että saat paikan. Olet iloisin ja mukavin ihminen, kenet tunnen!

ENGLISH

1. Aino: Hi Vilja! How was the job interview? Was the interviewer nice?

2. Vilja: Hi Aino! Hmm, I suppose it went ok. The interviewer was quite nice and relaxed.

3. Aino: When will you know if the position is yours?

4. Vilja: At the end of the week. However I'm not sure at all if I have a chance...

5. Aino: How come?

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #5 - HOW DO YOU LI KE YOUR CHANCES I N FI NLAND? 2 6. Vilja: Well, all the other applicants are probably younger or at least more experienced than me.

7. Aino: Don't worry. I'm sure you'll get the job. You're the happiest and nicest person I know!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

mukava nice adjective

mahdollisuus chance noun

hakija applicant noun

varmaan probably adverb

nuori young adjective

kokenut experienced adjective

murehtia to worry verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Uudet naapurimme ovat oikein Minulla on mahdollisuus lähteä mukavia. ulkomaille.

"Our new neighbors are very nice." "I have a chance to go abroad."

Yliopistoon on monta hakijaa. Hän on varmaan jo kotona.

"There are many applicants to the "He is probably at home already." university."

Olet tuossa kuvassa niin nuori. Isoisäni on kokenut merimies.

"You are so young in that picture." "My grandpa is an experienced seaman."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #5 - HOW DO YOU LI KE YOUR CHANCES I N FI NLAND? 3 Kokeneet vaeltajat etsivät Äidit murehtivat aina yleensä suurempia haasteita lapsistaan. kuin ne, jotka vaeltavat ensimmäistä kertaa. "Mothers always worry over their children." "Experienced hikers are usually up for more of a challenge than those who are just hiking for the f irst time."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE olla varma "to be sure"

You can use this expression when you want to express that someone is sure of something. In case you want to say the opposite, i.e. not being sure of something, just add the negative verb ei, "no" or "not," in front of the phrase, keeping in mind the correct personal conjugation.

For example:

1. Olen varma, että voitan tällä kerralla. "I am sure that I'm going to win this time." varmaan "probably"

The word varmaan, meaning "surely" or "probably," is derived from the word varma, which means "sure," "certain," or "secure."

You can use this word whenever you want to express probability, but are not completely sure. The word varmaan has a slightly doubtful tone to it, therefore if you want to say something is without a doubt something, you can say varmasti, which means "surely," "definitely," or "absolutely."

For example:

1. Ruoka on varmaan jo valmista. "The food is surely done by now." murehtia "to worry"

The verb murehtia, "to worry," is derived from the noun murhe, which means

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #5 - HOW DO YOU LI KE YOUR CHANCES I N FI NLAND? 4 "sorrow" or "grief."

You can use this verb whenever you wish to express someone is worrying over something. Despite the origin of the verb murehtia, it is not the same as "to mourn" or "to grieve" and the meaning is less severe. When you want to say someone is mourning, you can use the verb surra instead.

For example:

1. Älä murehdi menneistä. "Don't worry about the past."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Comparison Adjectives. Moi Aino! Hmm, meni se varmaan ihan hyvin. Haastattelija oli ihan mukava ja rento. "Hi Aino! Hmm, I suppose it went ok. T he interviewer was quite nice and relaxed."

1. Comparative Form

Comparatives are special forms of adjectives. We use them to compare two or more things.

In this lesson we'll explain some of the rules for forming regular comparatives.

The 'positive' is the basic form of an adjective, which tells us what kind something or someone is. The comparative form expresses a comparison between two (or more) entities.

The Finnish comparative can be recognized form the -mpi suffix.

The comparative suffix and the case suffix following it are added to the stem of the adjective.

Sometimes the last letter of the stem has to be removed. It is removed in these cases:

• The last letter is an i • The stem ends with 2 vowels

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #5 - HOW DO YOU LI KE YOUR CHANCES I N FI NLAND? 5 • The stem contains 3 or more syllables and ends with a or ä

Adjective Stem Comparative Form

piene-

suure- pienempi ("smaller") pieni ("small") hitaa- suurempi ("bigger") suuri ("big") hitaampi ("slower") hidas ("slow") nopea- nopeampi ("faster") nopea ("fast") kauniimpi ("more kaunis ("beautiful") kaunii- beautiful") viisas ("wise") viisaampi ("wiser") onnellinen ("happy") viisaa- onnellisempi ("happier") onnellise-

Adding the -mpi ending may in some cases cause changes in the stem:

Words with two syllables, that end in a or ä: last a or ä changes into e • a → e hauska ("fun") / haus-ka- → hauskempi ("more fun") Please note: words with three syllables that end in a don't change. For example: ahkera ("diligent") / ah-ke-ra → ahkerampi ("more diligent")

Some adjectives have an irregular conjugation: • pitkä ("tall") → pidempi ("taller")lyhyt ("short") → lyhyempi ("shorter")hyvä ("good") → parempi ("better")

Now let's practice:

1. "Anna is taller than Emma" → Anna on pidempi kuin Emma.

2. "My big brother is wiser than me" → Isoveljeni on viisaampi kuin minä.

3. "I am younger than you" → Olen nuorempi kuin sinä.

2. Superlative Form

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #5 - HOW DO YOU LI KE YOUR CHANCES I N FI NLAND? 6 The superlatives are used to compare more than two things. In Finnish, the superlative can be identified by the -in suffix (in nominative and partitive).

The suffix is added to the stem of the adjective.

T he last a, ä, or e is removed • halpa ("cheap") / halva- → halvin ("cheapest") vakava ("serious") / vakava- → vakavin ("the most serious")

i and ii change into e • nätti ("pretty") / näti- → nätein ("the prettiest") kaunis ("beautiful") / kaunii- → kaunein ("the most beautiful")

Where there are two of the same vowels, one is removed • rikas ("rich") / rikkaa- → rikkain ("the richest") terve ("healthy") / tervee- → tervein ("the healthiest")

Adjective Stem Superlative Form

iso ("big") iso- isoin ("the biggest")

mukava ("nice") mukava- mukavin ("the nicest")

nuori ("young") nuori- nuorin ("the youngest")

rento ("relaxed") renno- rennoin ("the most relaxed")

iloinen ("happy") iloise- iloisin ("the happiest")

There are a few exceptions: hyvä ("good") → parempi ("better") → paras ("the best") pitkä ("tall") → pidempi ("taller") → pisin ("the tallest") uusi ("new") → uudempi ("newer") → uusin ("the newest")

Examples from the dialogue:

1. No, muut hakijat ovat varmaan nuorempia tai ainakin kokeneempia, kuin minä. "Well, all the other applicants are probably younger or at least more experienced than me."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #5 - HOW DO YOU LI KE YOUR CHANCES I N FI NLAND? 7 2. Älä murehdi. Olen varma, että saat paikan. Olet iloisin ja mukavin ihminen, kenet tunnen! "Don't worry. I'm sure you'll get the job. You're the happiest and nicest person I know!"

Sample Sentences

1. Naapurin koira on isompi kuin sinun koirasi. "The neighbor's dog is bigger than your dog."

2. Sinisen joukkueen juoksijat ovat nopeampia kuin punaisen joukkueen juoksijat. "The blue team's runners are faster than the red team's runners."

3. Hän on viisain mies, jonka koskaan olen tavannut. "He is the wisest man that I have ever met."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Competitions and Reality Shows on TV

Like in many other countries, reality TV and different competitions have become very popular in Finland. Finland has even broadcast its own versions of many international reality TV formats, and new shows are introduced every year.

One popular type of show is music competitions. Idols and the Voice of Finland have been popular, as anyone could raise to fame via these shows. In the past few years a programme called Vain Elämää (Only Life) which is based on a Dutch format, has become extremely popular, with nearly 900,000 viewers. In this show, well-known and loved Finnish artists get together for one week to sing each others' songs and reveal their true personalities through discussions and different activities.

Another popular music competition, started in 2012, is the Competition for New Music (Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu, UMK), which replaced the original Finnish Eurovision Song Contest selection event that had been used since 1961. In 2015 the Finnish representative in the Eurovision Song Contest is Pertti Kurikan Nimipäivät with their punk song Aina mun pitää, "I always have to."

Finns have produced their own versions of many internationally known reality-TV formats, such as Finland's Next Top Model, Masterchef, and Project Runway (which

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #5 - HOW DO YOU LI KE YOUR CHANCES I N FI NLAND? 8 in Finland was known as Muodin huipulle, "To the Top of Fashion").

There are also original Finnish reality-TV shows, such as Kandit, which introduces young doctors about to enter work life, and various shows about different kinds of mothers and their lives.

The most popular 'reality-tv' programme is, however, the Independence Day Ball, which is broadcast live every year from the Presidential Palace, on Finnish independence day. It is a popular pastime for viewers to see who is attending the ball, and to criticize the evening gowns worn by the guests.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #5 - HOW DO YOU LI KE YOUR CHANCES I N FI NLAND? 9 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #6 What's Wrong with your Finnish Camera?

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar 10 Cultural Insight

# 6

1. Heikki: Hei. Ostin teiltä puhelimen pari kuukautta sitten. Puhelimen kamera ei toimi enää kunnolla.

2. Työntekijä: Ahaa. Mikä on vialla?

3. Heikki: Kamera ei tarkenna enää ollenkaan. Tarvitsen kameraa työssäni, joten tämä on todella ongelmallista.

4. Työntekijä: Onko teillä kuitti tallella?

5. Heikki: Kyllä on, kas tässä.

6. Työntekijä: Selvä, kiitos. Kuitin mukaan puhelimessa on vielä takuu voimassa, joten voimme korjata sen veloituksetta.

7. Heikki: Kuinka kauan siinä kestää?

8. Työntekijä: Noin kaksi viikkoa.

9. Heikki: En voi olla ilman puhelinta niin kauan!

10. Työntekijä: Saatte varapuhelimen korjauksen ajaksi, mutta nämä ovat vain perusmalleja, eikä näissä ole kameraa.

11. Heikki: Ahaa.. selvä. Minun täytyy sitten yrittää saada ystäviltäni kameraa lainaksi.

ENGLISH

1. Heikki: Hello. I bought a phone from you a couple of months ago. The camera on the phone isn't working properly anymore.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #6 - WHAT'S WRONG WI TH YOUR FI NNIS H CAMERA? 2 2. Employee: I see. What's wrong?

3. Heikki: The camera doesn't focus at all anymore. I need the camera for my job, so this is really a problem for me.

4. Employee: Do you still have your receipt intact?

5. Heikki: Yes I do, here you go.

6. Employee: Right, thank you. According to the receipt the phone is still under warranty, so we can fix it free of charge.

7. Heikki: How long does it take?

8. Employee: Approximately two weeks.

9. Heikki: I can't be without a phone for that long!

10. Employee: You'll get a spare phone for the duration of the repair work, but these are just basic models, which don't have cameras.

11. Heikki: I see... okay. Well, I suppose I need to try to borrow a camera from my friends then.

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

toimia to work verb

kunnolla properly adverb

tarkentaa to focus verb

ollenkaan at all adverb

kuitti receipt noun

tallella intact adverb

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #6 - WHAT'S WRONG WI TH YOUR FI NNIS H CAMERA? 3 takuu guarantee, warranty noun

perusmalli basic model noun

veloitukseton free of charge adjective

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Tämä pesukone toimii vielä Tämä tietokone ei toimi.

hyvin, vaikka onkin yli 20 vuotta vanha. "This computer doesn't work. "

"This washing machine is still working f ine, even though it is over twenty years old."

Tee kotitehtäväsi kunnolla! Jos et solmi solmiotasi kunnolla,

näytät nahjukselta. "Do your homework properly!" "If you don't tie your necktie properly, you will look like a slob."

Tämä kamera tarkentaa todella En muista viime oppitunnin nopeasti. asioita enää ollenkaan.

"This camera focuses really "I don't remember the things from quickly." last lesson at all anymore."

Ostoksista täytyy aina antaa Lompakkoni on täynnä kuitteja!

kuitti. "My wallet is full of receipts!" "You must always give a receipt of purchase."

Onko sinulla vanhat päiväkirjasi Sähkölaitteiden takuu on vielä tallella? nykyään usein vain pari vuotta.

"Do you still have your old "The warranty for electronic journals?" devices is nowadays of ten only a couple of years."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #6 - WHAT'S WRONG WI TH YOUR FI NNIS H CAMERA? 4 Puhelimen perusmalli on Jos liityt tänään, ensimmäinen edullisin. kuukausi on veloitukseton.

"The basic model of the phone is "If you join today, the first month the cheapest." is without charge."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE ei toimia kunnolla "to not work properly"

The expression ei toimi kunnolla,"to not work properly," is formed from three parts: ei, meaning "no" or "not," the verb toimia, meaning "to function," and adverb kunnolla, "properly."

You can use this expression when stating that something is not working properly. If you want to say something is not working at all, you can just leave out the word kunnolla, "properly."

When you want to say something works properly, you can leave out the negation and use the expression toimia kunnolla, "to work properly."

For example:

1. Lukko ei toimi enää kunnolla. "The lock does not work well anymore." varapuhelin "spare phone"

The word varapuhelin is made out of two words: vara, meaning "spare," and puhelin, meaning "phone."

You can use the structure of this word to make other expressions for "spare" something. Just take the first part, vara, for "spare" and join it with another noun. For example, vara-auto, "spare car," vara-avain, "spare key."

For example:

1. Voitko lainata minulle varapuhelintasi? "Can you lend me your spare phone?" perusmalli "basic model"

The word perusmalli is made out of two words: perus, meaning "basic," and malli,

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #6 - WHAT'S WRONG WI TH YOUR FI NNIS H CAMERA? 5 meaning "model."

You can use this word when you want to express that something is basic and simple, and you want to use the word "basic model."

You can use the structure of this word to make other expressions for "basic" something. Just take the first part, perus, to mean"basic," and join it with another noun. For example, peruspyörä, "basic bike."

For example:

1. Tässä perusmallissa ei ole mitään erikoisuuksia. "There are no specialties in this basic model."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Explaining a Problem. Hei. Ostin teiltä puhelimen pari kuukautta sitten. Puhelimen kamera ei toimi enää kunnolla. "Hello. I bought a phone f rom you a couple of months ago. T he camera on the phone is not working properly anymore."

1. Indicative Present Tense

The indicative is a general modus (mood), that does not have a specific identificator, but all the personal suffixes are added to the verb stem. The indicative mood can have all tenses.

The indicative is used to express statements (claims) about facts, to indicate feelings, opinions, and beliefs. The indicative is also used in hypotheses and conditions:

1. Jos painan tästä napista... "If I push this button..."

To explain a problem, we can use the indicative present tense to help us.

1) To express habitual actions that take place on a regular basis

For example:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #6 - WHAT'S WRONG WI TH YOUR FI NNIS H CAMERA? 6 1. Ruutu sammuu joka kerta. "The screen switches off every time"

2) To express an ongoing action

For example:

1. Kytkin pitää kovaa ääntä. "The switch is making a loud noise."

3) To express an action that will happen in the immediate future

For example:

1. Virta loppuu viiden minuutin kuluttua. "The power will run out after five minutes."

4) To express a permanent state or a recurring action

For example:

1. Varaosaliike on liian kaukana. "The spare parts shop is too far away."

5) To express how long the subject has been performing an action

For example:

1. Se on välkkynyt kaksi tuntia. "It has been blinking for two hours."

The present active indicative is formed by adding a personal suffix to the present stem.

The third person singular has no personal suffix if the present stem ends in a diphthong; otherwise the personal suffix is made by lengthening the vowel. The third person plural has two variants of the personal suffix due to the vowel harmony.

Person Singular Plural

1st person -n -mme

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #6 - WHAT'S WRONG WI TH YOUR FI NNIS H CAMERA? 7 2nd person -t -tte

3rd person -, lengthening the vowel -vat / -vät

2. T he Negation

1. Kamera ei tarkenna enää ollenkaan. "The camera does not focus at all anymore."

In Finnish, the negation is expressed through another verb form, the negative verb. The negative verb, ei, is also an auxiliary verb.

Auxiliary verbs usually accompany a main verb. The main verb provides the main semantic content of the clause.

The negative verb form does not change according tense or mood.

Each grammatical person has a form:

Person Singular Plural

1st person en emme

2nd person et ette

3rd person ei eivät

Verbs are negated by adding the negative verb in front of the main verb, which will lose it's personal ending. The personal ending of the main verb is unnecessary, as the negative verb will already express the person category (me/you/she/we/you/ them). The main verb is written in its stem form, which can be found by taking the minä ("I") form of the verb and removing the -n from the end.

When you have an issue with a product or products, you usually use the singular 3rd or the plural 3rd to express the problem. In the chart below you can see how to use the negative verb with some verbs in the 3rd person:

Present Tense

3rd singular, 3rd plural, negative negative Verb Stem

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #6 - WHAT'S WRONG WI TH YOUR FI NNIS H CAMERA? 8 olla ("to be") ole- ei ole ("is not") eivät ole ("are not") toimia ("to toimi- ei toimi ("does eivät toimi ("do function") not function") not function") tarkentaa ("to tarkenna- ei tarkenna eivät tarkenna focus") ("does not focus") ("do not focus") käynnistyä ("to käynnisty- ei käynnisty eivät käynnisty start") ("does not start") ("do not start") joustaa ("to jousta- ei jousta ("does eivät jousta ("do stretch") not stretch") not stretch")

Conjunctions

The conjunctions -ka and -kä can also be used in a negative sentence to replace ja ("and").

1. Nämä ovat vain perusmalleja, eikä näissä ole kameraa. "These are only basic models, (and) these don't have a camera."

2. Tämä malli saapui, eikä tämä, jonka tilasin. "This model arrived, (and) not this, which I ordered."

Adverbs used with a negative verb:

There are some adverbs that can be used together with a negative verb to emphasize the situation. ollenkaan - "at all" lainkaan - "at all" varsinkaan - "especially (not)" yhtään - "any"

For example:

1. Tämä ei jousta lainkaan. "This does not stretch at all."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #6 - WHAT'S WRONG WI TH YOUR FI NNIS H CAMERA? 9 2. Autoni ei käynnisty enää ollenkaan. "My car does not start at all anymore."

3. En pidä sienistä, enkä varsinkaan kanttarelleista. "I don't like mushrooms, and especially not chanterelles."

4. Myymälässä ei ole yhtään myyjää. "There are no sales assistants in the shop."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Kamera ei tarkenna enää ollenkaan. Tarvitsen kameraa työssäni, joten tämä on todella ongelmallista. "The camera doesn't focus at all anymore. I need the camera for my job, so this is really a problem for me."

2. En voi olla ilman puhelinta niin kauan! "I can't be without a phone for that long!"

Sample Sentences

1. Avain on vääntynyt, en voi avata ovea. "The key is twisted, I can't open the door."

2. Kynästä ei tule enää mustetta. "There is no more ink coming from the pen."

3. Paperi on loppu, tämä on todella harmillista. "The paper has run out, this is really annoying."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Consumer Rights in Finland

There are pretty good laws in Finland to ensure the fair treatment of consumers and also traders. Consumer protection laws are in place to ensure that consumer interests are being served.

In cases of complaint, consumers can usually first contact the company in question

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #6 - WHAT'S WRONG WI TH YOUR FI NNIS H CAMERA? 10 directly and seek compensation. If these issues can not be resolved between the consumers and companies, the Consumer Disputes Board will settle these disputes.

From the beginning of 2014, customers must always be offered a receipt for their purchases stating the contact details of the company, details of the product being bought, the price and the amount of VAT. This rule does not, however, apply to goods bought in outdoor markets.

There is also a popular tv program on the national channel YLE called Kuningaskuluttaja, "The King of Consumers." This program focuses on topical issues concerning consumers. For example, they compare the qualities of different products, and introduce different scenarios with regards to consumer rights.

Useful expression:

1. kuluttajansuojalaki "consumer protection law"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #6 - WHAT'S WRONG WI TH YOUR FI NNIS H CAMERA? 11 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #7 Which Finnish Restaurant Are You Dining At?

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 8 Cultural Insight

# 7

1. Answering Tämä on vastaaja. Numero jota yritätte tavoittaa, on tällä Machine: hetkellä varattuna.

2. Answering Jättäkää viesti äänimerkin jälkeen. Machine:

3. Linnea: No hei Aino, Linnea tässä. Soitan sunnuntaista. Vaihdoimme ravintolaa!

4. Linnea: Eli älkää tulko ravintola Kukkoon, vaan tulkaa ravintola Kissaan.

5. Linnea: Olemme Markun kanssa ehkä hiukan myöhässä, joten menkää vain Heikin kanssa jo pöytään istumaan.

6. Linnea: Nähdään sunnuntaina! Hei hei!

ENGLISH

1. Answering This is an answering machine. The number you are trying to Machine: reach is currently busy.

2. Answering Please leave a message after the beep. Machine:

3. Linnea: Well hey Aino, Linnea here. I'm calling about Sunday. We changed the restaurant!

4. Linnea: So please don't come to restaurant Rooster, but come to restaurant Cat.

5. Linnea: We might be a little late with Markku, so please go ahead and sit at the table with Heikki.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #7 - WHICH FI NNIS H RES TAURANT ARE YOU DINING AT? 2 6. Linnea: See you on Sunday! Bye bye!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

varattu busy, reserved adjective

jättää to leave verb

äänimerkki signal, tone noun

to change, to exchange, vaihtaa to swap verb

kukko rooster noun

slightly, some, a little, a hiukan little bit adverb

olla myöhässä to be late verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Onko tämä istuinpaikka Olen niin pahoillani, mutta tuo varattu? istuinpaikka on varattu

kunniavieraallemme. "Is this seat taken?" "I'm so sorry, but that seat is reserved for our guest of honor. "

Jätämme huoneen Jättäkää minullekin jälkiruokaa.

kahdeltatoista. "Leave some dessert for me, too." "We'll leave the room at noon."

Jätämme huoneen Äänimerkki soi, kun se on kahdeltatoista. valmis.

"We'll leave the room at noon." "A signal will ring when it's done."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #7 - WHICH FI NNIS H RES TAURANT ARE YOU DINING AT? 3 En tiedä missä voin vaihtaa Minun täytyy vaihtaa rahaa rahaa. ulkomaanmatkaa varten.

"I don't know where I can "I need to exchange some money exchange money." for a trip abroad."

Tarhassa on yksi kukko ja viisi Kukko kiekuu pälyillessään kanaa. ympärilleen.

"There is one rooster and five "The rooster crows while it chickens in the pen." glances around."

Olen melkein aina myöhässä.

"I am almost always late."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

Jättäkää viesti. "Please leave a message."

The expression jättäkää viesti,"please leave a message," is formed from two parts: jättäkää, meaning "please leave," and the noun viesti, "message."

It's very common to hear this in recorded messages.

For example:

1. Hän ei ole nyt paikalla, jättäkää viesti tähän kirjaan. "He is not here at the moment, please leave a message in this book." *This sentence refers to a kind of guestbook you might see in someone's office.

äänimerkki "signal," "tone"

The word äänimerkki is comprised of two parts: ääni', meaning "sound," and merkki meaning "sign," "signal," or "mark." Therefore the word äänimerkki literally means "sound mark."

You can use this word whenever you need to express "signal" or "tone."

For example:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #7 - WHICH FI NNIS H RES TAURANT ARE YOU DINING AT? 4 1. Palovaroittimen äänimerkki alkaa piipata, kun patterit ovat lopussa. "The fire alarm's signal starts to beep when the batteries are running out."

Nähdään ... na! "See you on ...!" (ex. Nähdään lauantaina! "See you on Saturday!")

The expression nähdään ... na, "see you on...," derives from the verb nähdä, "to see." The verb nähdä, "to see," is in the passive present tense, and the name of a place or adverb defining the time is added to the verb.

You can use this expression whenever you want to say you want to see someone at some place or sometime. It can be also used as a parting phrase. You can not use this expression if you know you are not likely to see someone again. This expression is also not usually used in customer service situations or formal situations.

For example:

1. Nähdään huomenna! Ei vaan itseasiassa, nähdään lauantaina! "See you tomorrow! No as a matter of fact, see you on Saturday!"

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Using the Polite Positive and Negative Imperative to Give Instructions. Jättäkää viesti äänimerkin jälkeen. "Please leave a message af ter the beep."

Earlier, in lesson 4, we had a look at how the imperative form can be used to give instructions. This time we'll take a look at how the same form can be used to give more polite reminders and propositions.

As we learned in lesson 4, the imperative is used in the plural 2nd person when you want to be polite or respectful.

The imperative in the plural 2nd person is formed by adding -kaa or -kää ending to the stem of the infinitive form.

Inf inite stem + -kaa / -kää

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #7 - WHICH FI NNIS H RES TAURANT ARE YOU DINING AT? 5 Istua ("to sit") → istu- + kaa Istukaa! Juoda ("to drink") → juo- + kaa Juokaa! Nousta ("to get up") → nous- + kaa Nouskaa! Mennä ("to go") → men- + kää Menkää!

Using the plural 2nd person to express politeness is not a strict rule, but it is a useful thing to know as it is often used in customer service situations. For young people and in very casual, relaxed situations you can still use the normal singular person.

For example:

1. Emme ole juuri nyt paikalla, jättäkää viesti äänimerkin jälkeen, niin palaamme asiaan. "We are not here at the moment, please leave a message after the tone, and we will get back to you."

2. Odottakaa, kunnes kuulette äänimerkin. "Please wait until you hear the signal."

3. Olkaa hyvä, soittakaa myöhemmin uudelleen. "Please call again later."

When giving polite suggestions or instructions you can add some adverbs to the sentence to make the expression more smooth:

vain "only," "just" jo "already" hiukan "a little bit," "slightly" yhä "still" hieman "a little bit," "slightly" vähän "a little"

You can also add the expression olkaa hyvä, "please," to your sentence.

1. Menkää vain jo istumaan, olkaa hyvä. "Please, go ahead and sit already."

Polite negative imperative

We also previously learned how to use the negative imperative. The polite negative imperative uses the plural 2nd person.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #7 - WHICH FI NNIS H RES TAURANT ARE YOU DINING AT? 6 T he negative imperative for plural 2nd person is formed by adding the plural negation älkää("do not") in front of the stem of the infinitive form, and ending - ko or -kö to the stem.

Älkää ("do not") + stem of inf initive verb + -ko/-kö

Auttaa ("to help") → autta- + -ko → Älkää auttako! ("Don't help!") auttako Mennä pan-("to go") → men- + kö → Älkää menkö! ("Don't go!) menkö

Kuunnelkaa minua! Älkää menkö sinne! "Listen to me!" "Do not go there!" Odottakaa rauhassa! Älkää tehkö tyhmyyksiä! "Wait peacefully!" "Do not do anything stupid!" Rauhoittukaa! Älkää sulkeko puhelinta! "Calm down!" "Do not hang up!"

You can make the sentence more polite by adding a clarifying sentence before or after the negative sentence. You can do this by using the coordinating conjunctions mutta ("but") or vaan ("but").

For example:

1. Älkää tulko ravintola Kukkoon, vaan tulkaa ravintola Kissaan. "Please do not come to restaurant Rooster, but come to restaurant Cat."

2. Syökää salaattia, mutta älkää syökö vielä keittoa. "Eat the salad, but don't eat the soup yet."

This same structure is used in the expression "believe it or not, but..."

1. Uskokaa tai älkää, mutta näin äsken poron. "Believe it or not, but I just saw a reindeer."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Eli älkää tulko ravintola Kukkoon, vaan tulkaa ravintola Kissaan. "So please do not come to restaurant Rooster, but come to restaurant Cat."

2. Olemme Markun kanssa ehkä hiukan myöhässä, joten menkää vain Heikin kanssa jo pöytään istumaan. "We might be a little late with Markku, so please go ahead and sit at the table with Heikki."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #7 - WHICH FI NNIS H RES TAURANT ARE YOU DINING AT? 7 Sample Sentences

1. Kirjoittakaa nimenne vieraskirjaan, olkaa hyvä. "Write your name in the guest book, please."

2. Älkää olko huolissanne, hän soittaa varmasti pian. "Don't worry, he will surely call soon."

3. Juokaamme hääparin malja. "Let us drink a toast to the wedding couple."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

T he Finns and Mobile Phones

Mobile phones and Finns are inseparable, largely thanks to Finnish mobile phone manufacturer Nokia.

The word for "mobile phone" in Finnish is matkapuhelin.

The other commonly known Finnish word for "mobile phone," kännykkä, was actually originally a trademark of Nokia. They registered it in 1987, when mobile phones were still a rarity. The word has since become a normal part of speech, and it is the most common word used to describe a mobile phone in the spoken language.

There is no strict etiquette with regards to using mobile phones in Finland, but some general guidelines do exist. It is permitted to use mobile phones on public transport in Finland, but some trains have 'silent cars', where talking on the phone or listening to music is banned. It is also good manners to at least put your mobile phone on silent mode when in churches, libraries, theaters, museums, concerts, meetings, conferences, or lectures. If you call someone, but can't reach them, it is polite to leave a message either on their answering machine, or by sending a text message. Talking about business or private matters in public places is also somewhat questionable.

Useful expression:

1. kännykkä "mobile (phone)"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #7 - WHICH FI NNIS H RES TAURANT ARE YOU DINING AT? 8 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #8 Describing an Accident in Finnish

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 10 Cultural Insight

# 8

1. Aino: Hei Jukka! Miten viikonloppu meni?

2. Jukka: Huomenta Aino. Oli aika jännittävä viikonloppu!

3. Aino: Kuinka niin?

4. Jukka: Näin, kuinka eräs vanhus kaatui jäisellä tiellä ja loukkasi itsensä. Menin auttamaan häntä.

5. Aino: Hui! Kävikö hänelle pahasti?

6. Jukka: Luita ainakin murtui. Soitin hänelle ambulanssin ja odotin ambulanssia hänen kanssaan.

7. Aino: Viikonloppuna oli niin kylmäkin. Toivottavasti hän toipuu hyvin!

8. Jukka: Kyllä, toivottavasti.

ENGLISH

1. Aino: Hi Jukka! How was your weekend?

2. Jukka: Good morning Aino. It was quite an eventful weekend!

3. Aino: How come?

4. Jukka: I saw an elderly person fall on an icy road and hurt herself. I went to help her.

5. Aino: Oh my! Did she hurt herself badly?

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #8 - DES CRI BING AN ACCI DENT I N FI NNIS H 2 6. Jukka: Her bones were at least fractured. I called her an ambulance and waited for the ambulance with her.

7. Aino: It was also so cold during the weekend. I hope she recovers well!

8. Jukka: Yes, I hope so.

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

jännittävä exciting adjective

kaatua to fall verb

jäinen icy adjective

loukata to hurt verb

murtua to fracture verb

toipua to recover verb

toivottavasti hopefully adverb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Elokuva oli hyvin jännittävä. Veljeni kaatui eilen portaissa.

"T he movie was very exciting." "My brother fell on the stairs yesterday."

Tämä juoma on aivan jäinen. Kissani loukkasi häntänsä.

"This drink is completely icy." "My cat hurt her tail."

Sormesi on saattanut murtua. Hän toipuu varmasti pian.

"Your finger may have fractured." "She will surely recover soon."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #8 - DES CRI BING AN ACCI DENT I N FI NNIS H 3 Toivottavasti viikonloppuna on hyvä sää.

"Hopefully the weather will be nice during the week."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE jännittävä "exciting"

The adjective jännittävä, "exciting," is related to the verb jännittää, "to be nervous" or "to be tense," and to another adjective, jännä, "exciting."

You can use this adjective to express when something is exciting, thrilling or intriguing. If you want to express that something makes you nervous or scared, it is better to use the adjectives hermostuttava, "unnerving," or pelottava, "scary," instead.

For example:

1. Haluan aloittaa jonkin jännittävän harrastuksen. "I want to start some kind of exciting hobby." käydä pahasti "to go badly"

The expression käydä pahasti is comprised of two parts: the verb käydä, meaning "to go," and the adverb pahasti, "badly."

You can use this expression when you want to say or ask if something went badly, as in if someone hurt themselves.

For example:

1. Toivottavasti mäkihyppääjälle ei käynyt pahasti. "I hope the ski-jumper wasn't hurt badly."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Using the Past Tense to Describe an Accident Näin, kuinka eräs vanhus kaatui jäisellä tiellä ja loukkasi itsensä. Menin auttamaan häntä. "I saw an elderly person f all on an icy road and hurt herself . I went to help her."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #8 - DES CRI BING AN ACCI DENT I N FI NNIS H 4 1. Past Tense and T ime Adverbs

As we have learned before, we use the past tense to talk about events that happened before now. When we talk about yesterday, we usually use the past tense.

The core meaning of the past tense is "remoteness" or "distance." It could be remoteness of time (the usual understanding of the past), remoteness of reality, or social remoteness.

The past tense, imperfect, is the most common tense in the Finnish language. When explaining an event, you will most commonly use the past tense.

Quite often you will need to add a "definition of time," ajanmääre, to your sentence:

1. Kaaduin eilen. "I fell yesterday."

2. Hän loukkasi kätensä aamulla. "She hurt her hand in the morning."

3. Äitini liukastui juuri äsken. "My mother slipped just now."

4. Viilsin vahingossa sormeeni 10 minuuttia sitten. "I accidentally cut my finger 10 minutes ago."

Adverbs regarding time, i.e. definitions of time:

eilen "yesterday" tänään "today" nyt "now" juuri nyt "just now" juuri tällä hetkellä, juuri nyt "right now" juuri äsken "just before, a moment ago" tänä aamuna "this morning" tänä iltapäivänä "this afternoon" tänä yönä "this night" viime yönä "last night" ...sitten "...ago"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #8 - DES CRI BING AN ACCI DENT I N FI NNIS H 5 2. Dif f erent Verb Groups and Dif f erent Endings

To be able to tell what happened or what has happened, you need to know how to conjugate verbs into the past tense.

Let's see how to make past tense conjugations for each verb type.

1. Verb types 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6:

To form the past tense conjugation for these types of verbs, you need to add an i to the stem, and then the personal suffix. stem + i + personal suffix

You should note that outside of the type 3 verbs, the third singular form will be strong.

For example:

Verb type 1: soittaa, "to call": minä soitin - sinä soitit - hän soitti

"I called" - "you called" - "she called" me soitimme - te soititte - he soittivat

"we called" - "you called" - "they called"

For example

1. Soitin hänelle aamulla ambulanssin. "I called her an ambulance in the morning."

Verb type 3: odotella, "to wait for" minä odottelin - sinä odottelit - hän odotteli

"I waited for" - "you waited for" - "she waited for" me odottelimme - te odottelitte - he odottelivat

"we waited for" - "you waited for" - "they waited for"

For example:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #8 - DES CRI BING AN ACCI DENT I N FI NNIS H 6 1. Odottelimme ambulanssia hänen kanssaan. "We waited for the ambulance with her."

2. Verb type 4:

To form the past tense conjugations for verb type 4, you need to take the first singular form referring to minä, meaning "I," of the verb in the present, take off the last two letters, add -si, and then the personal suffix. f irst singular form of the verb minus two last letters +si + personal suf f ix

For example: loukata ("to hurt," "to injure") minä loukkaan- loukka-an +si = loukka-si + personal suffix minä loukkasin - sinä loukkasit - hän loukkasi

"I injured" - "you injured"- "she injured" me loukkasimme - te loukkasitte - he loukkasivat

"we injured" - "you injured" - "they injured"

For example:

1. Hän loukkasi kätensä. "She injured her hand." tavata ("to meet"):

"I meet"- tapaan -an +si = tapa-si + personal suffix minä tapasin - sinä tapasit - hän tapasi

"I met" - "you met" - "she met" me tapasimme - te tapasitte - he tapasivat

"we met" - "you met" - "they met"

For example:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #8 - DES CRI BING AN ACCI DENT I N FI NNIS H 7 1. Tapasimme hänet myöhemmin sairaalassa. "We met her later in the hospital."

3. Exceptions with type 1 verbs:

Verbs that end in -rtaa, -rtää, -ltaa, -ltää, -ntaa, -ntää, -double vowel + -taa, or - double vowel + -tää are often exceptions. You will need to add a -si to these verbs before the personal ending.

For example: pyytää ("to ask"): minä pyysin - sinä pyysit - hän pyysi

"I asked" - "you asked" - "she asked" me pyysimme - te pyysitte - he pyysivät

"we asked" - "you asked" - "they asked"

For example:

1. Hän pyysi, jos voisimme pitää huolta hänen koirastaan. "She asked if we could take care of her dog."

4. Vowel changes:

There are some changes in vowels that form the stem in the following cases. add an -i after u, y, o and ö minä puhun - "I speak"/minä puhuin - "I spoke" te sanotte - "you say" / te sanoitte - "you said" remove e, i, ä and a when adding -i- minä menen - "I go" / minä menin - "I went" te unohdatte - "you forget" / te unohditte - "you forgot" verbs with two syllables, when both syllables contain -a-, last syllable becomes -oi

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #8 - DES CRI BING AN ACCI DENT I N FI NNIS H 8 alkaa - "to begin" / minä alan - "I begin" / minä aloin - "I began" remove the first vowel from type 3 verbs with two syllables syödä - "to eat" / minä syön - "I eat" / minä söin - "I ate"

3. Expressing Events in the Past

In Finnish you can express the past time by using either imperfekti ("Imperfect"), perfekti ("present perfect") or pluskvamperfekti ("pluperfect").

The present perfect and the pluperfect are the so called liittotempus, literally "double tenses," in reference to the "compound tenses" (auxiliary + main verb), where you need the verb olla ("to be") as an auxiliary verb in addition to the main verb.

Perfekti, the present perfect

In the present perfect, personal suffixes are added to the auxiliary verb olla ("to be"), while the main verb is presented in -nut/-nyt participle form. The auxiliary verb is in the present tense.

For example: olen kaatunut ("I have fallen"), where ole- is the auxiliary verb stem, -n is the personal suffix for "I," kaatu- is the stem for the main verb, and -nut is the participle marker.

The basic difference between the imperfect and the present perfect is, that in the imperfect the moment where one is referring to has already happened in the past, and in the present perfect the moment is in the past, but can also still happen. For example:

The imperfect / past tense: Kävitkö sairaalassa? ("Did you go to the hospital?")

The present perfect: Oletko käynyt sairaalassa? ("Have you been to the hospital?")

Pluskvamperfekti, the pluperfect

In the pluperfect, personal suffixes are added to the auxiliary verb olla ("to be), while the main verb is presented in -nut/-nyt participle form. The auxiliary verb is in the past tense.

For example: olin kaatunut "I had fallen," where oli- is the auxiliary verb stem, -n is the

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #8 - DES CRI BING AN ACCI DENT I N FI NNIS H 9 personal suffix for "I," kaatu- is the stem for the main verb, and -nut is the participle marker.

The pluperfect is expressing an action, that has happened in the past.

For example:

The imperfect / past tense: Kävitkö sairaalassa? ("Did you go to the hospital?")

The present perfect: Oletko käynyt sairaalassa? ("Have you been to the hospital?")

The pluperfect: Olitko käynyt sairaalassa? ("Had you been to the hospital?")

Sometimes the pluperfect is also expressing a rumor or belief, information heard or received from someone else:

Isoisä oli nähnyt onnettomuuden.

("Grandpa had seen an accident."

1. Metsässä oli nähty karhu. "A bear had been seen in the forest."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Hui! Kävikö hänelle pahasti? "Oh my! Did she hurt herself badly?"

2. Luita ainakin murtui. Soitin hänelle ambulanssin ja odotin ambulanssia hänen kanssaan. "Her bones were at least fractured. I called her an ambulance and waited for the ambulance with her."

Sample Sentences

1. Hän tippui tikapuilta ja mursi jalkansa. "He fell from the ladder and fractured his foot."

2. Tipuin jäihin, mutta ystäväni pelasti minut. "I fell through the ice, but my friend rescued me."

3. Vene kaatui ja jouduimme veden varaan. "The boat tipped over and we fell into the water."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #8 - DES CRI BING AN ACCI DENT I N FI NNIS H 10 Obligation to Help

There is a general obligation to help in Finland, and in workplaces this means that at least one person has to be trained in giving first aid, sufficient first aid supplies must always be found in working environments, and instructions for emergencies must always be readily available. First-aid training given to employees ensures that everyone has the correct attitude towards safety measures, prevents accidents, and maintains first-aid skills.

A general obligation to help is stated in Finnish law. In road traffic this means, for example, that if someone is injured and in need of immediate transportation to a hospital, any vehicle driver is obligated to transport them. Anyone who detects any kind of emergency - a fire or car crash for example- has an obligation report it to emergency services, and to start rescue work according to their own abilities. Working-age people can also be ordered by the emergency authorities to help with large-scale emergencies, such as help with finding a missing person or preventing large scale environmental damage.

The obligation of learning first aid skills does not apply to domestic or leisure time situations. However, many families keep a first-aid kit at home, and for many learning emergency skills is a hobby.

Useful expression:

1. ensiaputaidot "first-aid skills"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #8 - DES CRI BING AN ACCI DENT I N FI NNIS H 11 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #9 Booking a Dentist Appointment in Finnish

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 9 Cultural Insight

# 9

1. Vastaanottovirka Haloo, Keskustalon Hammaslääkäri. ilija:

2. Jukka: Hei, olisin tarvinnut hammaslääkäriltä ajan. Viisaudenhampaani on ollut jo pitkään todella kipeä.

3. Vastaanottovirka Ahaa. Oletteko asioineet meillä aikaisemmin? ilija:

4. Jukka: En ole.

5. Vastaanottovirka Selvä. Katsotaanpa... Meillä on yleensä ollut vapaita aikoja ilija: iltapäivisin.

6. Jukka: Se sopisi kyllä. Jos pääsisin heti huomenna, olisin kiitollinen.

7. Vastaanottovirka Huomenna on keskiivikko. Se on yleensä ollut todella ilija: kiireinen päivä, mutta tarkistan..

8. Vastaanottovirka No, yksi aika löytyy. Päivän viimeinen aika, kello 17 30 ilija: (seitsemäntoista kolmekymmentä). Sopiiko se?

9. Jukka: Kyllä, sopii. Kiitos!

ENGLISH

1. Receptionist: Hello, Center House Dentists.

2. Jukka: Hello, I would like an appointment with a dentist. My wisdom tooth has been very sore for a long time now.

3. Receptionist: I see. Have you visited us before?

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #9 - BOOKING A DENTI S T APPOI NTMENT I N FI NNIS H 2 4. Jukka: No, I haven't.

5. Receptionist: Okay. Let's see... we've usually had open appointments in the afternoons.

6. Jukka: That would be fine. If I could come by tomorrow, I would be grateful.

7. Receptionist: Tomorrow is Wednesday. That's usually been a very busy day, but I'll check...

8. Receptionist: Well, there is one appointment available. It's the last appointment of the day, at 5 30 PM. Would that be ok?

9. Jukka: Yes, perfect. Thank you!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

hammaslääkäri dentist noun

aika appointment, time noun

viisaudenhammas wisdom tooth noun

todella really, truly adverb

asioida to visit, to do business verb

kiitollinen grateful adjective

tarkistaa to check verb

löytyä to be found verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #9 - BOOKING A DENTI S T APPOI NTMENT I N FI NNIS H 3 Olen aina pelännyt Minun täytyy ottaa särkylääke hammaslääkäriä. joka kerta kun menen

hammaslääkärille. "I have always feared the dentist." "I have to take a painkiller every time I go to the dentist. "

Mihin aikaan he menevät sinne? Onko sinulla

viisaudenhampaita? "What time will they go there?" "Do you have any wisdom teeth?"

Olemme todella pahoillamme, Minä todella pidän tästä mutta et voi mennä ulos tänä elokuvasta! iltana. "I really like this movie!" "We are really sorry, but you cannot go out tonight."

Hänellä on todella tummat Asioin pankissa aamulla. hiukset. "I will visit the bank in the morning." "He has really dark hair."

He olivat erittäin kiitollisia. En voisi olla kiitollisempi, kiitos

avustasi! "T hey were very gratef ul." "I couldn't be more grateful, thank you f or your help!"

Odota niin tarkistan, onko Oletko tarkistanut konnan minulla avaimet mukana. kaikki mahdolliset piilopaikat?

"Wait, and I will check if I have the "Have you checked all the keys with me." possible hideouts of the villain?"

Tämä kaulakoru löytyi äsken Onko syyllinen löytynyt? kadulta. "Has the culprit been found?" "This necklace was just found on the street."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #9 - BOOKING A DENTI S T APPOI NTMENT I N FI NNIS H 4 hammaslääkäri "dentist"

The word hammaslääkäri, is made up of two parts: the noun hammas, meaning "tooth," and noun lääkäri, "doctor." Literally the word therefore means "tooth doctor."

There are some other words for doctor which are formed in the similar way. For example, lastenlääkäri is a "pediatrician" (lit."children's doctor"), eläinlääkäri is a "vet" (lit."animal doctor"), korvalääkäri is an "ear specialist" (lit."ear doctor"), ihotautilääkäri is a "dermatologist" (lit."skin disease doctor"), etc.

For example:

1. Lapsuuden haaveammattini oli hammaslääkäri. "My dream profession as a child was dentist." viisaudenhammas "wisdom tooth"

The word viisaudenhammas is made up of two parts: the genitive case of the noun viisaus, "wisdom," and the noun hammas, "tooth."

For example:

1. Viisaudenhammas tuottaa usein harmia. "A wisdom tooth often causes trouble." katsotaanpa "let's see"

The expression katsotaanpa, "let's see" or "shall we see," derives from the verb katsoa, meaning "to look." It is formed by using the passive present indicative form of the verb katsoa, "to see," and adding the suffix -pa.

You can use this expression when casually saying "let's see." The expression has a slightly old-fashioned tone to it.

For example:

1. Katsotaanpa, mitä täältä löytyy. "Let's see what we can find here."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Mastering the Conditional and Conditional Present Perf ect Tense Hei, olisin tarvinnut hammaslääkäriltä ajan. Viisaudenhampaani on ollut

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #9 - BOOKING A DENTI S T APPOI NTMENT I N FI NNIS H 5 jo pitkään todella kipeä. "Hello, I would like an appointment with a dentist. My wisdom tooth has been very sore f or a long time now."

1. Revision: T he Conditional

As we learned in lessons 1 and 8, the present perfect expresses an action that has happened. The conditional is used when expressing politeness, possibility, or making suggestions:

1. Jos pääsisin heti huomenna, olisin kiitollinen. "If I could come by tomorrow, I would be grateful."

Myönteinen konditionaali - "The (Positive) Conditional"

The conditional is formed by taking the strong stem of the verb (verb in 3rd person plural, removing the -vat suffix), adding the -isi suffix, and the correct personal ending.

Olla, "to be"

minä ("I") olisin ("would have") sinä ("you") olisit ("would have") hän ("s/he") olisi ("would have") me ("we") olisimme ("would have") te ("you") olisitte ("would have") he ("they") olisivat ("would have")

1. Olisimme voineet opiskella television katsomisen sijaan. "We could have studied instead of watching TV."

Kielteinen konditionaali - "The Negative Conditional"

The negative conditional is formed by conjugating the negative verb ei, and adding the positive conditional tense without the personal ending.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #9 - BOOKING A DENTI S T APPOI NTMENT I N FI NNIS H 6 minä ("I") en olisi ("would not have") sinä ("you") et olisi ("would not have") hän ("s/he") ei olisi ("would not have") me ("we") emme olisi ("would not have") te ("you") ette olisi ("would not have") he ("they") eivät olisi ("would not have")

1. En olisi ehtinyt junaan, ellet olisi herättänyt minua. "I would not have made it to the train if you hadn't woken me up."

2. Conditional Present Perf ect

We have previously learned that the present perfect is used to express something that has happened or has been happening:

1. Viisaudenhampaani on ollut jo pitkään todella kipeä. "My wisdom tooth has been really sore for a long time."

2. Meillä on yleensä ollut vapaita aikoja iltapäivisin. "We've usually had free appointments in the afternoons."

When we want to express an action that could have happened, we can use the present perfect in the conditional form.

To form the conditional present perfect, we take the auxiliary verb olla ("to be") and change it into the conditional form with the correct personal suffix.

The main verb stays in the -nut/-nyt participle form.

conditional of the the stem of the -nut/-nyt/-nnut/- "to be" verb, inf initive nnyt/-neet/-nneet according to person suf f ix

How to form -nut/-nyt participles.

T he stem of the -nut/-nyt/-nnut /- inf initive nnyt/-neet/-nneet Verb Type suf f ix

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #9 - BOOKING A DENTI S T APPOI NTMENT I N FI NNIS H 7 verb type 1: istua ("to istu- istunut/istuneet sit") ("would have sat") verb type 2: tehdä ("to teh- tehnyt/tehneet do") ("would have done") verb type 3: kävellä kävel- kävellyt/kävelleet ("to walk") ("would have walked") verb type 4: osata ("to osat- osannut/osanneet know") ("would have known") verb type 5: tarvita tarvit- tarvinnut/tarvinneet ("to need") ("would have needed") verb type 6: vanheta vanhet- vanheta/vanhenneet ("to age") ("would have aged")

In the dialogue, Jukka called the dentist's office to see if they had any available appointments.

He used the conditional present perfect, when stating he needs an appointment:

1. Olisin tarvinnut hammaslääkäriltä ajan. "I would like an appointment with the dentist." (Lit."I would have needed an appointment with the dentist." )

The conditional present perfect can be therefore also used to express polite requests or desires, i.e. when you want to politely inquire or ask for something and you are not sure there is availability.

Here are some more examples:

1. Olisin juossut, jos olisin tiennyt että bussi on jo lähellä bussipysäkkiä. "I would have run if I'd known the bus was already close to the bus stop."

2. Olisimme tulleet, ellei meillä olisi ollut töitä. "We would have come if we hadn't had work."

3. Olisitte ilmoittaneet, että ette pääse. "You could have informed me that you can not make it."

4. Olisit varmaan kävellyt, ellei olisi satanut. "You would have probably walked, unless it rained."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #9 - BOOKING A DENTI S T APPOI NTMENT I N FI NNIS H 8 5. Olisin tiedustellut, onko teillä vielä lippuja illan konserttiin. (lit.)"I would have inquired about whether you still have tickets to the concert tonight."

6. Olisimme tilanneet kolme täytekakkua. (lit.)"We would have ordered three cakes."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Se sopisi kyllä. Jos pääsisin heti huomenna, olisin kiitollinen. "That would be fine. If I could come by tomorrow, I would be grateful."

2. Huomenna on keskiivikko. Se on yleensä ollut todella kiireinen päivä, mutta tarkistan.. "Tomorrow is Wednesday. It's usually been a very busy day, but I will check..."

Sample Sentences

1. Minä olisin kertonut sinullekin, jos olisit ollut paikalla. "I would have told you as well, if you'd have been there."

2. Emme olisi ehtineet junaan, jos emme olisi juosseet. "We wouldn't have made it to the train, if we hadn't run."

3. Olisin halunnut kupin teetä. "I would have wanted a cup of tea."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Medical Services in Finland

Healthcare in Finland is divided into a large groups, public healthcare, and private healthcare. The quality of service within the healthcare sector is considered to be relatively good, with approximately 88% of the population stating they are satisfied with the services.

Public healthcare is divided into municipal health centers and regional hospitals, which provide basic and routine healthcare services. University hospitals

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #9 - BOOKING A DENTI S T APPOI NTMENT I N FI NNIS H 9 specialize in certain specific areas. A statutory national health insurance covers all residents of Finland.

The Finns get to know the public healthcare system before they are even born, as the health of unborn babies is checked and monitored in maternity clinics. After being born, the children have regular check-ups and vaccines at the maternity clinics until they enter school.

Healthcare in schools is also a part of public healthcare. Kids have access to a school nurse, and they have regular visits to the dentist and a school doctor. Universities offer health care for their students.

The private sector covers the healthcare at workplaces. Employers must by law offer their employees healthcare, and they usually make a contract with a private healthcare provider. They can also buy the service from the municipal healthcare provider.

Useful expression:

1. terveyskeskus "health center"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #9 - BOOKING A DENTI S T APPOI NTMENT I N FI NNIS H 10 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #10 Visiting a Finnish Dentist

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 7 Cultural Insight

# 10

1. Hammaslääkäri: No niin, päivää, olen hammaslääkäri Korhonen. Teilläkö oli viisaudenhammas kipeä?

2. Jukka: Kyllä, vasen alahammas on todella kipeä. Minun on pakko syödä vain keittoja, koska hampaaseen sattuu niin paljon.

3. Hammaslääkäri: Ahaa. Katsotaanpa. Avatkaa suu.

4. Jukka: Selvä.

5. Hammaslääkäri: Teidän täytyy avata suuta vielä hiukan enemmän, jotta näen paremmin.

6. Hammaslääkäri: Hammas on todella tulehtunut, ja se pitää poistaa. Sitä ennen teidän täytyy syödä antibioottikuuri.

7. Jukka: Aivan.

8. Hammaslääkäri: Teidän ei tarvitse ottaa antibiootteja varten paperireseptiä, vaan lähetän reseptin sähköisesti suoraan apteekkiin.

9. Jukka: Selvä, kiitos paljon!

ENGLISH

1. Dentist: Well, good afternoon, I'm the dentist, Korhonen. So you had a sore wisdom tooth?

2. Jukka: Yes, the bottom left tooth is really sore. I have to eat only soup, because the tooth hurts so much.

3. Dentist: Okay. Let's see. Open your mouth please.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #10 - VI S I TI NG A FI NNIS H DENTI S T 2 4. Jukka: Okay.

5. Dentist: You have to open your mouth a little bit more, so I can see better.

6. Dentist: The tooth is really inflamed, and it has to be removed. Before that you must take a course of antibiotics.

7. Jukka: Right.

8. Dentist: You don't have to get a paper prescription for the antibiotics, I will send the prescription electronically directly to the pharmacy.

9. Jukka: Okay, thank you so much!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

alahammas bottom tooth noun

sattua to hurt verb

täytyä to have to verb

tulehtunut inflamed adjective

antibioottikuuri course of antibiotics noun

paperiresepti paper prescription noun

resepti prescription noun

sähköinen electronic adjective

apteekki pharmacy noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #10 - VI S I TI NG A FI NNIS H DENTI S T 3 Minulta puuttuu yksi Tatuoinnin ottaminen sattuu alahammas. melko paljon.

"I am missing one bottom tooth." "Getting a tattoo hurts quite a lot."

Meidän täytyy ehtiä junaan! Haava on tulehtunut.

"We have got to make it to the "The wound is inflamed." train!"

En haluaisi antibioottikuuria. Ennen vanhaan oli vain

paperireseptejä. "I wouldn't want a course of antibiotics." "In the old days there were only paper prescriptions."

En saa lääkkeitäni ilman Nykymaailma on kovin reseptiä. sähköinen.

"I can't get my medicines without "T he world today is very a prescription." electronic."

Voit ostaa hammastahnaa apteekista.

"You can buy toothpaste at the pharmacy."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE antibioottikuuri "a course of antibiotics"

The word antibioottikuuri is made out of two parts: the noun antibiootti, "antibiotic," and the noun kuuri, "regimen."

You can use this word whenever referring to a course or a regimen of antibiotics as a medical treatment prescribed by a doctor.

For example:

1. Antibioottikuurit ovat hyvin yleisiä. "Courses of antibiotics are very common."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #10 - VI S I TI NG A FI NNIS H DENTI S T 4 paperiresepti "paper prescription"

The word paperiresepti is made out of two words: the noun paperi, "paper," and noun resepti, "recipe" or "prescription."

You can use this word when referring to a paper prescription, i.e. an order of medicine written on paper by a doctor.

For example:

1. Paperireseptin saattaa hukata helposti. "You might lose a paper prescription easily." sähköinen resepti, e-resepti "electronic prescription"

The word sähköinen resepti is made out of two parts: the adjective sähköinen, "electronic," and the noun resepti, "recipe" or "prescription." The word e-resepti, "e- prescription," also means an "electronic prescription," where the first part of the word, e-, derives from the English word "electronic," and the latter part, resepti, means "recipe" or "prescription."

You can use these words when referring to medical prescriptions which are ordered and handled electronically. Nowadays the word e-resepti is more commonly used in spoken language.

For example:

1. E-resepti on erittäin kätevä. "An electronic prescription is very handy."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Getting Familiar with Modal Verbs Kyllä, vasen alahammas on todella kipeä. Minun on pakko syödä vain keittoja, koska hampaaseen sattuu niin paljon. "Yes, the bottom lef t tooth is really sore. I have to eat only soup, because the tooth hurts so much."

In this lesson Jukka went to the dentist. The dentist was using modal verbs when giving Jukka instructions:

1. Teidän täytyy avata suuta vielä hiukan enemmän. "You must open your mouth a little bit more."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #10 - VI S I TI NG A FI NNIS H DENTI S T 5 2. Teidän täytyy syödä antibioottikuuri. "You must take a course of antibiotics."

The modal verbs täytyä ("must") and pitää ("have to") are expressing an obligation and a necessity.

They are always in the singular 3rd person, and the subject connected to them is in the genitive case.

For example:

1. Minun täytyy lähteä. "I must go."

2. Hänen täytyy mennä töihin. "He has to go to work."

3. Meidän täytyy ostaa ruokaa. We must buy food."

4. Sinun täytyy auttaa minua. "You have to help me."

5. Minun pitää tehdä tämä loppuun. "I need to finish this."

6. Sinun pitää pyytää häneltä anteeksi. "You must apologize from her."

7. Heidän pitää tehdä kaikki uudelleen. "They must do everything again."

8. Hänen pitää auttaa professoria. "He has to help the professor."

The modal verb tarvita ("to need") is also expressing a necessity, but it is usually present in negative sentences. It is also always in the singular 3rd person, and the subject connected to it is in the genitive case. The verb tarvita is related to the noun tarve, meaning "need," and is thus expressing how something needs to or doesn't need to be done.

For example:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #10 - VI S I TI NG A FI NNIS H DENTI S T 6 1. Teidän ei tarvitse ottaa antibiootteja varten paperireseptiä. "You don't need to get a paper prescription for the antibiotics."

2. Sinun ei tarvitse syödä kaikkea, jos et jaksa. "You don't have to eat everything if you can't."

3. Meidän ei tarvitse herätä aikaisin. "We don't have to wake up early."

4. Minun ei tarvitse tehdä kaikkea yksin. "I don't have to do everything alone."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Teidän täytyy avata suuta vielä hiukan enemmän, jotta näen paremmin. "You have to open your mouth a little bit more, so I can see better."

2. Hammas on todella tulehtunut, ja se pitää poistaa. Sitä ennen teidän täytyy syödä antibioottikuuri. "The tooth is really inflamed, and it has to be removed. Before that you must take a course of antibiotics."

Sample Sentences

1. Minun täytyy lähteä tänään aikaisemmin. "I have to leave earlier today."

2. Täällä saattaa olla hometta. "There might be mold in here."

3. Minun pitää mennä uudestaan kauppaan. "I must go to the store again."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Electronic Medical Prescriptions

In Finland, the most common medical prescriptions are the electronic or digital prescriptions.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #10 - VI S I TI NG A FI NNIS H DENTI S T 7 An electronic prescription, or e-prescription, is a prescription that a doctor creates and signs digitally. It is then saved into a concentrated database, which is called Reseptikeskus, "prescription central." Based on the information fetched from this database, any pharmacy can provide the needed medicine. Therefore the patients can visit any pharmacy they like to get their medicines.

Any patient can, however, check their own prescription data online, to see what medication has been prescribed for them and for how long the prescriptions are valid for.

The electronic or digital prescriptions will remain in the database for 30 months, or 2.5 years. After this, they are archived. To see the information in the database, permission must be obtained from the patient.

The first electronic prescription was written in Turku in May 2010. Since then, the system has become widespread, and now the public health services and all pharmacies are using it. All of the private health care services had started using it by the end of the year 2014, and small entrepreneurs and health care units that are located in Åland will need to adopt the system by the end of the year 2016.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #10 - VI S I TI NG A FI NNIS H DENTI S T 8 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #11 Shopping for Apartments in Finland

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar 10 Cultural Insight

# 11

1. Asunto-esittelijä: Tervetuloa asuntonäyttöön! Sinä olet varmaankin Heikki?

2. Heikki: Kyllä vain, ja kiitos.

3. Asunto-esittelijä: Tämä asuntohan on tällä hetkellä kolmio, mutta jos haluatte purkaa tuon väliseinän ja tehdä tästä kaksion, niin se on ihan ok.

4. Heikki: Ahaa, se on hyvä tietää. Voisimme kyllä hieman remontoida täällä.

5. Asunto-esittelijä: Se sopii. Taloyhtiö on kuitenkin teettämässä putkiremontin kahden vuoden päästä, ottakaa se huomioon.

6. Heikki: Selvä. Milloin tämä talo on rakennettu?

7. Asunto-esittelijä: Vuonna 1932(tuhatyhdeksänsataakolmekymmentäkaksi). Putkiremontti on tehty viimeksi vuonna 1977 (tuhatyhdeksänsataaseitsemänkymmentäseitsemän), jolloin rakennettiin myös hissi.

8. Heikki: Voimmeko harrastaa täällä musiikkia?

9. Asunto-esittelijä: No, kohtuudella voi. Oletteko muusikko?

10. Heikki: En toki, mutta vaimoni haluaa laulaa silloin tällöin. Minä säestän häntä pianolla.

11. Asunto-esittelijä: Sehän on hienoa!

ENGLISH

1. Estate Agent: Welcome to the housing display! You must be Heikki?

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #11 - S HOPPING FOR APARTMENTS I N FI NLAND 2 2. Heikki: Oh yes, and thank you.

3. Estate Agent: So this apartment is currently a three-room apartment, but if you want to tear down that partition wall and make this into a two-room apartment, that is quite all right.

4. Heikki: Okay, that's good to know. We could renovate here a little bit.

5. Estate Agent: That's ok. However, the housing association will have the plumbing re-done in two years, so please take that into consideration.

6. Heikki: Right. When was this house built?

7. Estate Agent: In 1932. The last time the plumbing was re-done was in 1977, when they also built the elevator.

8. Heikki: Can we practice music here?

9. Estate Agent: Well, in moderation you can. Are you a musician?

10. Heikki: Oh no, but my wife wants to sing occasionally. I accompany her on piano.

11. Estate Agent: Oh that's great!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

kolmio three-room apartment noun

purkaa to tear down, to dismantle verb

väliseinä partition wall noun

kaksio two-room apartment noun

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #11 - S HOPPING FOR APARTMENTS I N FI NLAND 3 remontoida to renovate, to decorate verb

taloyhtiö housing association noun

teettää to have done verb

re-do plumbing, putkiremontti plumbing renovation noun

hissi elevator noun

säestää to accompany verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Haluaisin muuttaa kolmioon. Tuo vanha talo puretaan ensi

viikolla. "I would like to move to a three- room-apartment." "That old house will be torn down next week."

Tässä oli ennen väliseinä. Asun nykyään kaksiossa.

"There used to be a partition wall "I live in a two-room-apartment here." nowadays."

Remontoimme talon itse. Taloyhtiön kokouksiin

kannattaa mennä. "We renovated the house by ourselves." "It's worth going to the housing association meetings."

Aion teettää sohvalle uuden Putkiremontti on pitkä ja päällisen. piinallinen prosessi.

"I am going to get a new cover "T he plumbing renovation is a long done for the sofa." and agonizing process."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #11 - S HOPPING FOR APARTMENTS I N FI NLAND 4 Suomalainen yritys Kone Hissi on rikki, joten teidän suunnittelee ja valmistaa täytyy käyttää portaita. hissejä. "The elevator is broken, so you "T he Finnish company Kone must use the stairs." designs and manufactures elevators."

Koira säestää viulunsoittoani ulisemalla.

"T he dog accompanies my violin playing by howling."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE kolmio "three-room apartment"

The word kolmio,"three-room-apartment," refers to the numeral kolme, "three," and is also used to describe the geometric shape "triangle."

You can use this word either when talking about a three-room-apartment, or when talking about a triangular geometric shape. The meaning will be easily understood from the situation or context.

For example:

1. Kolmiossa on tilaa myös lemmikeille. "A three-room-apartment has space for pets too." taloyhtiö "housing association"

The word taloyhtiö is made out of two parts: the noun talo, "house," and noun yhtiö, which means either "association," "company," or "corporation."

The word taloyhtiö means a "housing association" or a "condominium."

You can use this word when referring to a housing association, which is a company established to own and govern one or more buildings, which may be residential or office buildings.

For example:

1. Tämä taloyhtiö on tunnetusti hiukan tiukka. "This housing association is known to be a little strict."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #11 - S HOPPING FOR APARTMENTS I N FI NLAND 5 putkiremontti "plumbing renovation"

The word putkiremontti is made up of two parts: the noun putki for "tube," "pipe," or "funnel," and noun remontti, which means "renovation" or "decoration."

You can use this word to describe a process in which the plumbing of a house, apartment, or building is being renewed and restored. Every apartment building in Finland has to renew their plumbing, water fittings, water insulation, and tilings between every 40-50 years. As this effort is a large scale process, it is decided by the housing association meetings and done to all the apartments at the same time. Usually, residents can't live in their apartments during the process.

For example:

1. Putkiremontti on vihdoin ohi. "The plumbing renovation is finally over."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Using the Finite and Inf initive Forms of Verbs in a Sentence. Tämä asuntohan on tällä hetkellä kolmio, mutta jos haluatte purkaa tuon väliseinän ja tehdä tästä kaksion, niin se on ihan ok. "So this apartment is currently a three-room-apartment, but if you want to tear down that partition wall and make this into a two-room- apartment, that is quite all right."

Using finite and infinitive forms of verbs in a sentence

1. Two Verbs in a Sentence—Main Principle

When there are two verbs in a sentence, the basic rule is that one verb is conjugated according to the person, and the other verb is in its infinite (basic) form. For example:

1. Haluan katsoa elokuvan. "I want to watch a movie."

2. Voimme kävellä kotiin saakka. "We can walk until home."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #11 - S HOPPING FOR APARTMENTS I N FI NLAND 6 3. Yritämme ehtiä ensimmäiseen junaan. "We try to make it to the first train."

This structure was also used in the lesson:

1. Jos haluatte purkaa tuon väliseinän ja tehdä tästä kaksion, niin se on ihan ok. "If you want to tear down that partition wall and make this into a two- room apartment, that is quite all right."

2. Voisimme kyllä hieman remontoida täällä. "We could renovate here a little bit."

3. Voimmeko harrastaa täällä musiikkia? "Can we practice music here?"

2. Verbs as nouns: The third inf initive or the MA-inf initive

1. Taloyhtiö on kuitenkin teettämässä putkiremontin kahden vuoden päästä, ottakaa se huomioon. "However, the housing association is having the plumbing re-done in two years, so please take that into consideration.

Sometimes when there are two verbs in a sentence, the other verb can behave like a noun. One of these verb forms is the third infinitive.

The third infinitive is also known as the "-ma infinitive," ma-infinitiivi.

This infinitive corresponds with the English -ing form, or the verb noun.

It answers the questions where? (inessive), where from? (elative) and where to? (illative).

The third infinitive can have the inessive, elative and illative cases.

Formation:

The third infinitive is formed from the present tense 3rd person plural stem, adding the -ma or -mä suffix, and the correct case ending. kirjoitta-vat ("are writing") → kirjoittamassa ("(in) writing") kirjoittamasta ("(from) writing") kirjoittamaan ("(to) writing")

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #11 - S HOPPING FOR APARTMENTS I N FI NLAND 7 syö-vät ("are eating") → syömässä ("(in) eating") syömästä ("(from) eating") syömään ("(to) eating")

For example:

1. Olin juuri kirjoittamassa. "I was just writing." → (inessive case)

2. Tuletko kirjoittamasta? "Are you coming from writing?" → (elative case)

3. Mennään kirjoittamaan. "Let's go write." → (illative case)

3. Verbs as nouns: The 4th inf initive

In Finnish, you can also make verbs into nouns by using the fourth (4th) infinitive.

The characteristic for this infinitive is the -minen ending.

The -minen ending is added to the 3rd plural stem of the verb.

In English an equivalent to this infinitive would be the "-ing" form of a verb.

The fourth infinitive is conjugated normally in all cases.

● When the -minen form is first in a sentence which also has the olla ("to be") verb, the possible adjective has to be in partitive.

1. Lukeminen on mielenkiintoista. "Reading is interesting."

2. Piirtäminen on ihanaa. "Drawing is wonderful."

● When there is an object related to the verb in front of the -minen form, the object is in the genitive case. (*inside the brackets is a more simple way to express the same thing.)

1. Taulun maalaaminen on hauskaa. (= On hauskaa maalata taulu.) "Painting the painting is fun." (="It is fun to paint the painting.")

2. Auton korjaaminen on rankkaa. (= On rankkaa korjata auto.) "Fixing the car is tough." (="It is tough to fix the car.")

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #11 - S HOPPING FOR APARTMENTS I N FI NLAND 8 2. Housing Vocabulary

If you are planning to rent, sublet, buy, or sell an apartment or house in Finland, it might be useful to know some housing related vocabulary: alivuokrata - "to sublease," "to sublet" asunto - "apartment," "housing," "residence" asuntolaina - "mortgage" hoitovastike - "maintenance charge" huoltoyhtiö - "maintenance company" huoneisto - "apartment," "flat" häätö - "eviction" irtisanomisaika - "notice" isännöitsijä - "housing manager" jälleenvuokrata - "to sublet," "to sublease" kiinteistö - "property" kommuuni - "commune" kotivakuutus - "home insurance" soluasunto - "shared apartment" takaus - "guarantee" takuuvuokra, vakuus - "guarantee," "deposit" työsuhdeasunto - "company housing" vuokralainen - "tenant" vuokranantaja - "lessor" vuokrasopimus - "lease," "rental agreement"

Examples from the dialogue:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #11 - S HOPPING FOR APARTMENTS I N FI NLAND 9 1. Ahaa, se on hyvä tietää. Voisimme kyllä hieman remontoida täällä. "Okay, that's good to know. We could renovate here a little bit."

2. Voimmeko harrastaa täällä musiikkia? "Can we practice music here?"

Sample Sentences

1. Lukeminen on rentouttava ajanviete. "Reading is a relaxing past-time."

2. Laulamisesi on jo erittäin sujuvaa. "Your singing is already very fluent."

3. Juokseminen on todella suosittua. "Running is very popular."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Typical Apartments in Finland

In Finland, the most common way to live is in town houses (47% of dwelling units in the year 2009), followed by apartment buildings (32.7%), and then row houses (19.8%).

Most Finns see it as an asset to own their own apartment, with approximately 68% of Finns living in owner-occupied housing, and just 31% living in rented housing. Many also dream of owning their own town house, and quite a few take a loan and build the house of their dreams.

Residential apartments must always have proper toilet facilities, washing facilities, and the basic equipment to enable cooking. Modern apartments must be also untrammeled, to ensure people with reduced mobility can live in them without trouble. The average size of a Finnish apartment is 78m².

In Finland the types of apartments are usually described by stating the number of rooms, and marking the type of kitchen and a possible sauna separately. Kitchens can be normal kitchens, kitchen-living rooms, or kitchenettes. Having your own sauna is relatively common in Finland, and even many apartments have their own saunas, or there is at least a shared sauna in the building. In town houses, having

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #11 - S HOPPING FOR APARTMENTS I N FI NLAND 10 your own sauna is more the rule than an exception!

Many town houses also have other special features, such as a hobby room, separate laundry room, and a room with a fireplace.

Useful expressions:

1. omakotitalo, rivitalo, asunto, omistusasunto, vuokra-asunto "town house," "row house," "apartment," "owner-occupied flat," "rented flat"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #11 - S HOPPING FOR APARTMENTS I N FI NLAND 11 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #12 What's the Real Price of this Finnish Shirt?

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 8 Cultural Insight

# 12

1. Työntekijä: 25 (kaksikymmentäviisi) euroa, kiitos.

2. Markku: Tuota..hetkinen. Eikö paita olekaan alennuksessa? Luulin, että se maksaa 20(kaksikymmentä) euroa.

3. Työntekijä: Niinkö..? Hetki, niin käyn tarkistamassa asian.

4. Työntekijä: Olimme unohtaneet hyllyyn vanhan hintalapun. Meillä oli alennusmyynti viime viikolla. Pahoittelen.

5. Markku: Ihmettelinkin, miksi olitte merkinneet vain tämän yhden tuotteen alennukseen.

6. Työntekijä: Aivan. Luulin, että olimme keränneet jo kaikki alennuslaput pois, mutta tämä unohtui.

7. Markku: No, sattuuhan sitä.

8. Työntekijä: Myyn paidan teille toki alennushinnalla, koska tämä oli meidän virheemme.

9. Markku: Kiitos!

ENGLISH

1. Employee: 25 (twenty-five) euros, please.

2. Markku: Umm...wait a moment. Isn't the shirt on sale? I thought that it costs 20 (twenty) euros.

3. Employee: Really..? Just a moment, and I will go and check it.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #12 - WHAT'S THE REAL PRI CE OF THIS FI NNIS H S HIRT? 2 4. Employee: We'd forgotten an old price tag on the shelf. We had a sale last week. I'm sorry.

5. Markku: Well, I was wondering why you had marked only this one item on sale.

6. Employee: Right. I thought that we had already taken off all the sale labels, but this one was forgotten.

7. Markku: Well, it happens.

8. Employee: I will of course sell the shirt to you at the sale price, as this was our fault.

9. Markku: Thank you!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

hetki moment noun

luulla to believe, to think verb

tarkistaa to check verb

unohtaa to forget verb

hintalappu price tag noun

ihmetellä to wonder verb

merkitä to mark verb

virhe mistake, error noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #12 - WHAT'S THE REAL PRI CE OF THIS FI NNIS H S HIRT? 3 Hetki, tulen pian. Luulin, että sinä käyt kaupassa.

"Just a moment, I’ll come soon." "I thought you were supposed to do the shopping."

Odota niin tarkistan, onko Oletko tarkistanut konnan minulla avaimet mukana. kaikki mahdolliset piilopaikat?

"Wait, and I will check if I have the "Have you checked all the keys with me." possible hideouts of the villain?"

Älä koskaan unohda mistä Unohdan aina, missä lasini ovat. tulet. "I always forget where my glasses "Never f orget where you come are." f rom."

Mies unohtaa vyönsä. Paidassa on vielä hintalappu

kiinni. "The man forgets his belt." "The price tag is still attached to the shirt."

Ihmettelen, kuinka monta Merkityksettömiltä näyttävät tähteä on taivaalla. eleet merkitsevät hävyttömiä

asioita joissakin maissa. "I wonder how many stars there are in the sky." "Seemingly insignificant gestures signify obscene things in some countries."

Tein kokeessa typerän virheen, Tein virheen ja epäonnistuin joten arvosanani laski. kokeessa.

"I made a foolish mistake on the "I made a mistake and failed the exam, so my grade went down." test."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE hetkinen "wait a minute"

The word hetkinen, which can mean "wait a minute," or "just a moment," is related

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #12 - WHAT'S THE REAL PRI CE OF THIS FI NNIS H S HIRT? 4 to the word hetki, "a moment."

You can use this word when you want to excuse someone for a moment, or when you want to say "please wait a moment."

Sometimes you will see this text appear on screen in live TV broadcasts if there is a problem with the broadcast or signal. However, this was more common during analog TV broadcasts, and is nowadays quite rare as all the broadcasts in Finland are now digital. Sometimes you will also hear the expression odota hetki, "wait a moment," which uses the verb odottaa, "to wait," and the noun hetki, "a moment."

For example:

1. Hetkinen, eikö tuo ole siskosi? "Wait a minute, isn't that your sister?"

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Seeking Clarif ication and Using the Past Perf ect Tense Tuota...hetkinen. Eikö paita olekaan alennuksessa? Luulin, että se maksaa 20(kaksikymmentä) euroa. "Umm...wait a moment. Isn't the shirt on sale? I thought that it costs twenty euros."

1. Usef ul Vocabulary f or Situations Where You Need Clarif ication

Asking for Clarification

Sometimes misunderstandings occur because of a lack of clarity regarding a particular subject. To avoid these kinds of misunderstandings, you can use phrases like the following:

1. Mitä tarkoitat(te)? "What do you mean?"

2. En aivan ymmärrä. "I don't quite understand."

3. Luulin, että... "I thought that.."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #12 - WHAT'S THE REAL PRI CE OF THIS FI NNIS H S HIRT? 5 4. Voit(te)ko toistaa. "Could you repeat, please."

5. Selventäisit(te)kö hieman? "Could you clarify that a little?"

6. Ihmettelen, onko tämä... "I wonder, is this..."

7. Ihmettelen, mitä... "I wonder, what..."

8. Mietin, onko tämä... "I wonder, whether this..."

9. Mietin, mitä... "I wonder, what..."

In the lesson, Markku was in a clothing shop and had some confusion over prices:

1. Eikö paita olekaan alennuksessa? Luulin, että se maksaa 20 euroa. "Isn't the shirt on sale? I thought that it costs 20 euro."

You can also use a negative question to express confusion:

1. Eikö tämä olekaan alennuksessa? "Isn't this on sale?"

Clarif ying

There are also a number of phrases that we use to introduce explanations or clarification.

For example:

1. Anna, kun selvennän. "Let me clarify it."

2. Anna, kun selitän. "Let me explain."

3. Valotan asiaa. "I shall clarify it."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #12 - WHAT'S THE REAL PRI CE OF THIS FI NNIS H S HIRT? 6 And you can also use several phrases to confirm that your listeners have understood what you said.

For example:

1. Ymmärsit(te)kö? "Did you understand?

2. Ymmärrät(te)kö? "Do you understand?"

3. Pysyt(te)kö kärryillä? "Are you following me?"

2. Using the Past Perf ect i.e. the Pluperf ect Tense

As we have learned before, the past perfect, also known as the pluperfect, tells about the background of a past event, and it can come in handy when you are trying to clarify a misunderstanding. The past perfect shows that there is another past event that is the reference point.

For example:

1. Olin juuri laittanut laukkuni hyllylle, kun se tapahtui. "I had just put my bag on the shelf when it happened."

The past perfect consists of the nut-participle and the olla ("to be")-verb in past tense (olin - "I was," olit "you were," oli "she was," etc...).

So to review, we use the past perfect to talk about an event that was completed before another event that is the reference time. It can also be used to explain situations. By focusing on the core meaning of both the perfect aspect and the past tense, we can recognize the differences in their meaning and use.

There are a few examples in the dialogue:

1. Olimme unohtaneet hyllyyn vanhan hintalapun. "We had forgotten an old price tag on the shelf."

2. Ihmettelinkin, miksi olitte merkinneet vain tämän yhden tuotteen alennukseen. "Well, I was wondering why you had marked only this one item on sale."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #12 - WHAT'S THE REAL PRI CE OF THIS FI NNIS H S HIRT? 7 3. Luulin, että olimme keränneet jo kaikki alennuslaput pois. "I thought we had already taken off all the sale labels."

Sample Sentences

1. Hän oli unohtanut kirjan kotiin. "He had forgotten the book at home."

2. Eikö äitisi olekaan kotona? "Isn't your mom at home?"

3. Luulin, että olimme unohtaneet passit kotiin. "I thought that we had forgotten our passports at home."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Shopping in Finland

Shopping is either a necessity or a fun past-time for everyone. In Finland there are of course many different ways to shop as well.

In recent years many new, large-scale shopping centers have opened their doors in Finland, where well-known chain stores sell their goods. Small, independent stores are becoming more rare, but of course still exist, especially in larger cities, or localities favored by tourists.

Larger cities in Finland, like Helsinki, Tampere, Turku, and Oulu have big department stores that offer pretty much anything you might need in your home and in your life.

Online shopping has become extremely popular, as it is comfortable, fast, and easy. The goods can be delivered to your home or to your nearest post office. The most popular categories in online shopping are entertainment, like movies and books, clothing, and shoes for youth, goods for sports, and clothes and shoes for adults.

There are of course also alternative ways to shop. There are also online auction sites where people can sell and buy goods.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #12 - WHAT'S THE REAL PRI CE OF THIS FI NNIS H S HIRT? 8 Recycling and clothing swap events are a fun outing, and also flea-market are good to go hunting some treasure

Stockmann, Anttila, Verkkokauppa.com, Citymarket, Prisma, Sokos are some of the main Finnish department stores.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #12 - WHAT'S THE REAL PRI CE OF THIS FI NNIS H S HIRT? 9 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #13 Is Your Favorite Finnish Store Having a Sale?

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 9 Cultural Insight

# 13

1. Kuuluttaja: Arvoisat asiakkaamme, myymälämme sulkeutuu viiden minuutin kuluttua.

2. Kuuluttaja: Maksattehan ostoksenne lähimmälle kassalle.

3. Kuuluttaja: Muistakaa myös ensi viikolla alkava hintakarnevaalimme!

4. Kuuluttaja: Uunituoreen tarjousluettelomme löydätte pääovilta, niiden edessä olevilta pöydiltä.

5. Kuuluttaja: Toivotamme teille viihtyisää viikonloppua, toivottavasti tapaamme teidät ensi viikolla karnevaalitunnelmissa!

6. Markku: Kuulitko Linnea? Kauppa menee ihan kohta kiinni. Tullaan ensi viikolla takaisin.

7. Linnea: Sopii, mutta otetaan se alennusluettelo pääovien pöydiltä mukaan. Siinä saattaa olla hyviä tarjouksia!

ENGLISH

1. Announcer: Dear customers, our shop will be closing in five minutes.

2. Announcer: Please pay for your purchases at the nearest till.

3. Announcer: Please also remember our price carnival that starts next week!

4. Announcer: You can find our brand new sales catalog at the main entrance, on the tables in front of it.

5. Announcer: We wish you a pleasant weekend, and hope to see you next week in the carnival atmosphere!

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #13 - I S YOUR FAVORI TE FI NNIS H S TORE HAVI NG A S ALE? 2 6. Markku: Did you hear Linnea? The shop is closing soon. Let's come back next week.

7. Linnea: Sure, but let's take that discount catalog from the main entrance tables with us. There may be some good deals in it!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

arvoisa dear, honorable adjective

sulkeutua to close verb

lähin the nearest, the closest adjective

kassa till, checkout, register noun

tarjousluettelo sales catalog noun

pääovet main entrance noun

enjoyable, homey, viihtyisä comfortable adjective

takaisin back adverb

alennusluettelo discount catalog noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Arvoisat kuuntelijat, Lipunmyynti sulkeutuu tervetuloa. kymmenen minuutin kuluttua.

"Dear listeners, welcome." "The ticketing office will close in ten minutes."

Missä on lähin kahvila. Asiakas maksaa kassalla

"Where is the closest café?" "The customer pays at the register."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #13 - I S YOUR FAVORI TE FI NNIS H S TORE HAVI NG A S ALE? 3 Postissa tuli tänään lelukaupan Nähdään pääovien edessä. tarjousluettelo. "I'll see you infront of the main "The toy store sales catalogue entrance." came in the mail today."

Uusi asuntosi on erittäin Tuletko vielä takaisin viihtyisä. kokouksen jälkeen?

"Your new apartment is very "Will you come back after the homey." meeting?"

Alennusluettelo julkaistaan heti joulun jälkeen.

"The discount catalogue will be published right after Christmas."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE hintakarnevaali "price carnival"

The word hintakarnevaali, is made out of two parts; the noun hinta for "price" and the noun karnevaali for "carnival."

You will see this word used most often in conjunction with department store or shopping center sale campaigns. This word is kind of a nickname for a sales event, but it is not the general word for a sales event. That would be alennusmyynti, "sale," instead.

Department stores and shopping centers can use the same structure and the word karnevaali, "carnival," in conjunction with other campaigns too, by adding a different noun in front of the word karnevaali. For example, kevätkarnevaali - "spring carnival," syyskarnevaali - "autumn carnival." Sometimes they also just use the word karnevaali on it's own.

For example:

1. Tavaratalossa oli viime viikolla hintakarnevaali. "The department store had a price carnival last week." tarjousluettelo "sales catalogue"

The word tarjousluettelo is made out of two parts; the noun tarjous for "offer" and the noun luettelo for "catalogue."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #13 - I S YOUR FAVORI TE FI NNIS H S TORE HAVI NG A S ALE? 4 This word is used in conjunction with some kinds of sales events or the sale season at shops, shopping malls, and department stores,where offers are represented in a catalogue. Some shops may publish their offers in a booklet, which is distributed to at least regular customers and sometimes directly to home addresses via regular mail.

For example:

1. Kaupat julkaisevat joulun jälkeen tukun tarjousluetteloita. "Shops publish a wad of sales catalogues after Christmas." karnevaalitunnelma "carnival atmosphere"

The word karnevaalitunnelma is made out of two parts; the noun karnevaali for "carnival" and the noun tunnelma for "atmosphere."

This word is used when someone wants say the atmosphere is carnival-like; busy but joyful and rollicking. The word can be used in conjunction with actual carnivals, or when describing the atmosphere of a place.

For example:

1. Ottelun jälkeen vallitsi karnevaalitunnelma. "There was a carnival atmosphere after the match."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Understanding Announcements in Shops, Airports etc. and Using the External Locative Cases Maksattehan ostoksenne lähimmälle kassalle. "Please pay f or your purchases at the nearest till."

Announcements at airports, shops, and other similar locations usually use the imperative in the plural form in order to be polite. We have studied how to use the imperative earlier, in lessons 4 and 7:

Inf inite stem + -kaa / -kää

Istua ("to sit") → istu- + kaa Istukaa! Juoda ("to drink") → juo- + kaa Juokaa! Nousta ("to get up") → nous- + kaa Nouskaa! Mennä ("to go") → men- + kää Menkää!

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #13 - I S YOUR FAVORI TE FI NNIS H S TORE HAVI NG A S ALE? 5 Announcements and reminders often have nouns that have external locative cases.

These cases express the location or the movement of something, and in Finnish there are three external locative cases: adessiivi ("the adissive case"), ablatiivi ("the ablative case") and allatiivi ("the allative case").

Let's have a closer look at these cases:

T he Adessive Case

The adessive case expresses when something is near or on top of something. The adessive case has several other uses and meanings as well, including the indication for instrument, method or manner. It is also used in idiomatic expressions like minulla on kylmä, "I am cold," which can be translated literally as "on me there is cold."

The adessive case can be considered as the equivalent to the English prepositions "at" or "on." The suffix for the additive is -lla or -llä both in the singular and in the plural.

1. Pieni poika odottaa äitiään infopisteellä. "A little boy is waiting for his mother at the information desk."

2. Alennuskuponkeja jaetaan pääovilla. "Discount coupons are being distributed at the main entrance."

Nominative Stem Adessive English

lautanen lautas-, lautase- lautasella "plate" → "on the plate"

"day, daytime" → "during the day," päivä päivä- päivällä "by day"

väsynyt väsynyt-, väsyneellä "tired" → "the väsynee- tired one has.."

sisko sisko- siskolla "sister" → "sister has.."

kitara kitara- kitaralla "guitar" → "on the guitar"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #13 - I S YOUR FAVORI TE FI NNIS H S TORE HAVI NG A S ALE? 6 T he Ablative Case

The ablative case is expressing movement away from the proximity or from the surface of something. It can be considered as an equivalent for the English preposition "from." The suffix for the ablative case is -lta or -ltä both in singular and plural.

Tarjousluettelomme löydätte pääovilta, niiden edessä olevilta pöydiltä. - "You can pick up our sales catalogue from the main entrance from the tables in front of it."

Miesten osastolta on löytynyt lompakko. Voitte noutaa sen infopisteeltä tuntomerkkejä vastaan. - "A wallet has been found from the men's department. You can pick it up from the information desk in exchange for a description of it."

Nominative Stem Ablative English

lautanen lautas-, lautase- lautaselta "plate" → "from the plate"

"day, daytime" → "per day" (lit."from the day") - Example: päivä päivä- päivältä lopetetaan tältä päivältä tähän." , "Let's finish here for the day."

väsynyt väsynyt-, väsyneeltä "tired" → "from väsynee- the tired one"

sisko sisko- siskolta "sister" → "from sister"

kitara kitara- kitaralta "guitar" → "from guitar"

T he Allative Case

The allative case expresses movement to on top of something or near something. It can also be considered an equivalent for the English preposition "to" or "at." The suffix for the allative case is -lle both in singular and plural.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #13 - I S YOUR FAVORI TE FI NNIS H S TORE HAVI NG A S ALE? 7 1. Maksakaa ostoksenne lähimmälle kassalle. "Please pay for your purchases at the nearest till."

2. Saapukaa viipymättä lähtöportille. "Please arrive at the departure gate immediately."

Nominative Stem Allative English

lautanen lautas-, lautase- lautaselle "plate" → "to the plate"

päivä päivä- päivälle "day, daytime" → "to the day"

väsynyt väsynyt-, väsyneelle "tired" → "to the väsynee- tired one"

sisko sisko- siskolle "sister" → "to sister"

kitara kitara- kitaralle "guitar" → "to guitar"

Now, let's compare all of this cases with each other:

Adessiivi ("adessive case"): -lla/-llä

1. Voitte kysyä neuvoa infopisteellä. "You can ask for advice at the information desk."

2. Teitä odotetaan lähtöportilla kolme. "You are being expected at departure gate three."

Ablatiivi ("ablative case"): -lta/-ltä

1. Voitte kysyä neuvoa infopisteeltä. "You can ask for advice from the information desk."

2. Lentonne lähtee lähtöportilta kolme. "Your flight leaves from departure gate three."

Allatiivi ("allative case"): -lle

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #13 - I S YOUR FAVORI TE FI NNIS H S TORE HAVI NG A S ALE? 8 1. Voitte mennä infopisteelle kysymään neuvoa. "You can go to the information desk to ask for an advice."

2. Teitä pyydetään saapumaan viipymättä lähtöportille kolme. "You are requested to arrive immediately at departure gate three."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Uunituoreen tarjousluettelomme löydätte pääovilta, niiden edessä olevilta pöydiltä. "You can find our brand-new sales catalog at the main entrance, on the tables in front of it."

2. Toivotamme teille viihtyisää viikonloppua, toivottavasti tapaamme teidät ensi viikolla karnevaalitunnelmissa! "We wish you a pleasant weekend, and hope to see you next week in the carnival atmosphere!"

Sample Sentences

1. Palohälytyksen sattuessa poistukaa huoneista ja tulkaa ulos kokoontumispaikalle. "In the case of a fire alarm, leave the rooms and come out to the meeting point."

2. Tarkistakaa pöydällä olevat ohjeet. "Check the instructions on the table."

3. Lento Barcelonaan lähtee portilta numero 23. Saapukaa viipymättä lähtöportille. "The flight to Barcelona leaves from gate number 23. Arrive to the departure gate without delay."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Sales Shopping

In Finland, the traditional time for sales events and campaigns are right after Christmas in December and right after juhannus, "midsummer," in June-July. For

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #13 - I S YOUR FAVORI TE FI NNIS H S TORE HAVI NG A S ALE? 9 many it has become a tradition to head for sales shopping right after Christmas, and also to spend part of their summer holidays shopping for sale goods in July.

Many stores and department stores in particular, however, have their own additional sales campaigns where they sell goods at a discount for a limited period of time. These events are organized in months that have slow sales, in mid-spring and in mid-autumn.

Some well-known sale events are Hullut päivät, "Crazy Days," at the department store Stockmann, the 3+1 (kolme plus yksi), "3+1" ("three plus one") event at the department store Sokos, and the Pimeät hinnat, "Dark prices," campaign by department store Anttila. Each department store organizes their event in turn in order not to interfere with other campaigns and to gain customers.

The "Crazy Days" event in particular is famous, as it involves not only the department stores but also cosmetic stores and book stores owned by the Stockmann brand. One of the most popular items during the event is cheap airline tickets, and people have been known to queue for hours before the store opens to get ahold of these tickets.

Shops also traditionally publish big sales catalogues during their campaigns, and also smaller leaflets. These catalogues and leaflets are posted through mail for the regular customers, but also distributed through so called junk mail.

Useful expression:

1. ostovimma "buying frenzy"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #13 - I S YOUR FAVORI TE FI NNIS H S TORE HAVI NG A S ALE? 10 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #14 Finding Your Way in Finland

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar 10 Cultural Insight

# 14

1. Vilja: Hei Aino! Olen juuri lähdössä töistä. Tulen täältä suoraan sinne teidän uuteen asuntoon.

2. Aino: Hei Vilja! Olen itse vielä töissä, mutta lähden pian. Olemme varmaan samaan aikaan perillä.

3. Vilja: Ok, kiva juttu! Mutta miten löydän perille?

4. Aino: Jää pois metrosta Kalasataman kohdalla. Hyppää sitten bussiin numero 56 (viisikymmentäkuusi).

5. Vilja: Selvä. Missä kohtaa hyppään pois?

6. Aino: Jää pois bussista kun bussi ohittaa Joukolan puiston. Tulen sinua pysäkille vastaan.

7. Vilja: Hienoa!

8. Aino: Käydään sitten yhdessä kaupassa, ja mennään sitten asunnolle.

9. Vilja: Sopii! Nähdään pian!

ENGLISH

1. Vilja: Hi Aino! I'm just about to leave work. I'll come to that new apartment of yours straight from here.

2. Aino: Hi Vilja! I'm still at work myself, but I'll leave soon. We'll probably arrive at the same time.

3. Vilja: Ok, great! But how do I find my way there?

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #14 - FI NDING YOUR WAY I N FI NLAND 2 4. Aino: Get off the subway at Kalasatama (Fish Harbor). Then jump on bus number 56.

5. Vilja: All right. At which point do I jump off?

6. Aino: Get off the bus when the bus passes Joukola Park. I will come and meet you at the bus stop.

7. Vilja: Great!

8. Aino: Let's go to the supermarket together, and then to the apartment.

9. Vilja: That's fine! See you soon!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

lähteä to leave verb

asunto apartment noun

varmaan probably, surely adverb

löytää to find verb

jäädä pois to get off verb

hypätä to jump verb

kohta point adverb

ohittaa to pass verb

to come against, to come tulla vastaan and meet verb

yhdessä together adverb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #14 - FI NDING YOUR WAY I N FI NLAND 3 Hän on jo lähtenyt. Lähdemme huomenna

Kanarialle. "He has already left." "We'll be leaving for the Canary Islands tomorrow."

Haaveilen uudesta asunnosta. Jos minulla olisi tarpeeksi

rahaa, ostaisin asunnon "I am dreaming of a new kaupungin keskustasta. apartment." "If I had enough money I would buy an apartment in the city center."

Hän asui siinä asunnossa Minulla ei ole varaa vuokrata kaksitoista vuotta. asuntoa kaupungin

keskustasta. "She lived in that apartment for twelve years." "I can't afford to rent an apartment in the city center."

Hän on varmaan jääkiekkoilija. Hän on varmaan jo kotona.

"He is surely an ice hockey player." "He is probably at home already."

Pystyitkö löytämään tiesi Jos en voi löytää apteekkia, akatemialle? soitan sinulle.

"Were you able to f ind your way "If I can't find a pharmacy, I'll call to the academy?" you."

Jäin vahingossa pois väärällä Jään pois seuraavalla pysäkillä. pysäkillä. "I get off at the next stop." "I accidentally got off at the wrong stop."

Haluan hypätä benji-hypyn ensi Tässä kohdassa haluan kesänä. huomauttaa, että aikaa on

jäljellä vain viisi minuuttia. "I want to do a bungee-jump next summer." "At this point I would like to point out that there are only f ive minutes left."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #14 - FI NDING YOUR WAY I N FI NLAND 4 Veljeni ohittaa aina muita Olemme juuri ohittaneet autoja moottoritiellä. kuninkaallisen palatsin.

"My brother is always passing "We have just passed the Royal other cars on the highway." Palace."

Tuletko minua vastaan? Haluan viettää joulun yhdessä.

"Will you come and meet me?" "I want to spend Christmas together."

Meidän pitäisi mennä juhliin Mennään kotiin yhdessä. yhdessä. "Let's go home together." "We should go to the party together."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE samaan aikaan "at the same time"

The phrase samaan aikaan, "at the same time," is based on two nouns: sama meaning "same" and aika meaning "time."

You can use this phrase whenever you need to express that something is happening at the same time as something else. Another word, samalla, can be also be used to say "at the same time," but this word is an adverb, meaning" at one time" or "in the process." Samaan aikaan can also mean that something happened somewhere else at the same time, while samalla most often means something happens at the same place at the same time. Look at Vien samalla roskat ulos kun haen postit meaning "I take the rubbish out at the same time as I get the mail" vs. Hän pyöräili töistä kotiin samaan aikaan kaupungin toisella puolella. meaning "He was biking home from work at the same time on the other side of the city."

For example:

1. Voin lähteä samaan aikaan kuin sinä. "I can leave at the same time as you." hypätä pois "to jump off"

The phrase hypätä pois, "to jump off," is based on two words: the verb hypätä

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #14 - FI NDING YOUR WAY I N FI NLAND 5 meaning "to jump" and the adverb pois meaning "out" or "off."

Hypätä pois is a casual way of expressing that you are getting off some kind of transport. This is usually used in relaxed, casual conversations, and not in formal situations. In a more formal situation, you can used the expression jäädä pois, "to get off," instead.

You can extend this phrase by adding the noun for the mode of transport you are getting or jumping off: Hyppää pois kyydistä meaning "Jump off the ride," hyppää pois autosta meaning "jump out of the car," etc.

For example:

1. Hyppää pois junasta kolmannella asemalla. "Jump off the train at the third station." tulla vastaan "to come against," "to come and meet"

The phrase tulla vastaan meaning "to come and meet," is based on two words: the verb tulla meaning "to come" and the adverb vastaan meaning "against."

You can use this phrase when you want to express someone is meeting someone on the way to another place. For example, when your friend is coming to your house, but she doesn't know exactly how to get there, you can go and meet her on the way there. "I can come and meet you" is Voin tulla sinua vastaan.

For example:

1. Voitko tulla vastaan ja auttaa painavien ostoskassien kanssa? "Can you come and meet me and help me with the heavy shopping bags?"

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Giving and Listening to Instructions and Using the Internal Locative Cases Jää pois metrosta Kalasataman kohdalla. Hyppää sitten bussiin numero 56. "Get of f the subway at Kalasatama (Fish Harbour). T hen jump on bus number 56."

When giving instructions, you may often need to use the external or internal locative cases to explain for example where something is, where you should go, or where you should get off.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #14 - FI NDING YOUR WAY I N FI NLAND 6 In the last lesson, we had a look at the external locative cases. This time, let's have a look at the internal locative cases.

Inessiivi: T he Inessive Case

The inessive most often refers to something being within or in close contact with something.

The equivalents for the inessive case in English would be the prepositions "in," "within," or "at."

The case ending for the inessive is -ssa or -ssä.

There is no variation in the ending apart from vowel harmony. The inessive and most other cases use the vowel stem. This comes quite naturally from the fact that most of the case endings are either single consonants (such as -n) or start with two consonants, like -ssa, and Finnish does not allow consonant clusters such as tss in *väsynytssä (väsynyt, "tired") or two word-final consonants as in *väsynytn. So you need a vowel before the ending.

For example:

1. Olen vielä töissä, mutta lähden pian. "I am still at work, but I will leave soon."

2. Laukussa on esitteitä, ota sieltä muutama. "There are brochures in the bag, take a few from there."

Nominative Stem Inessive English

lautanen lautas-, lautase- lautasessa "plate" → "in the plate"

päivä päivä- päivässä "day, daytime" → in the day"

väsynyt väsynyt-, väsyneessä "tired" → "in the väsynee- tired one"

sisko sisko- siskossa "sister" → "in the sister"

kitara kitara- kitarassa "guitar" → "in the guitar"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #14 - FI NDING YOUR WAY I N FI NLAND 7 Elatiivi: T he Elative Case

The elative case, elatiivi, expresses a movement from within or from close contact with something. It is also used in a more abstract meaning as in minusta, "in my opinion." The English equivalents for the elative case can be the prepositions "f rom" or "out of." The elative suffix is -sta or -stä. The elative case is also used in connection with certain verbs.

If the word has different stems, it is attached to the same stem as the genitive and inessive case endings. For example kaappi, "cupboard": kaapin, kaapissa, kaapista (but kaappia and kaappiin in the partitive and illative, respectively).

For example:

1. Olen juuri lähdössä töistä. "I am just about to leave (from) work."

2. Jää pois metrosta Kalasataman kohdalla. "Get off (from) the subway at Kalasatama."

Nominative Stem Elative English

lautanen lautas-, lautase- lautasesta "plate" → "from the plate"

päivä päivä- päivästä "day, daytime" → "from the day"

väsynyt väsynyt-, väsyneestä "tired" → "from väsynee- the tired"

sisko sisko- siskosta "sister" → "from the sister"

kitara kitara- kitarasta "guitar" → "from the guitar"

Illatiivi: T he Illative Case

The illative case, illatiivi, expresses movement into or to close contact with something. In English, the equivalents for the illative case would be the

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #14 - FI NDING YOUR WAY I N FI NLAND 8 prepositions "into" or "to."

Forming the illative case is a little bit more complicated than the previous cases. However, in the simplest form, the illative can be recognized from the -n ending.

For example:

1. Hyppää bussiin numero 56. "Jump on (into) the bus number 56."

2. Vie paketit tähän osoitteeseen. "Take the parcels to this address."

- Extend the vowel before -n

If the word stem ends in a single vowel, the illative case is formed by extending that vowel and adding the -n at the end. For example, the stem of kaappi is kaappi-, so we extend i and add an -n: kaappiin. kauppa ("shop") → kauppaan pankki ("bank") → pankkiin kirjasto ("library") → kirjastoon

- Add h before a vowel and -n

If the word has 1 syllable and ends with 2 vowels, such as tee, "tea," you add an h in the middle, before vowel and the illative case: teehen. maa ("country" or "earth") → maahan työ ("work" or "job") → työhön kuu ("moon") → kuuhun

- The ending is -seen

When the word contains two or more syllables, and the word stem ends with two vowels, the illative case ending is -seen.

Porvoo (Porvoo, a city in Finland) → Porvoo- → Porvooseen osoite ("address") → osoittee- → osoitteeseen tehdas ("factory") → tehtaa- → tehtaaseen

Nominative Stem Illative English

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #14 - FI NDING YOUR WAY I N FI NLAND 9 lasi lasi- lasiin "glass" kahvi kahvi- kahviin "coffee"

Suomi Suome- Suomeen "Finland" koulu koulu- kouluun "school" sininen sinis-, sinise- siniseen "blue" sää sää- säähän "weather" salaatti salaatti- (salaati-) salaattiin "salad"

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Jää pois bussista kun bussi ohittaa Joukolan puiston. Tulen sinua pysäkille vastaan. "Get off the bus when the bus passes the Joukola park. I will come and meet you at the bus stop."

2. Käydään sitten yhdessä kaupassa, ja mennään sitten asunnolle. "Let's go to the supermarket together, and then to the apartment."

Sample Sentences

1. Tulen kotiin, kun pääsen koulusta. "I come home when I finish school."

2. Oletko vielä kaupassa? "Are you still in the store?"

3. Tuo laukkuni autosta. Avaimeni ovat laukussa. "Bring my bag from the car. My keys are inside the bag."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Public Transport

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #14 - FI NDING YOUR WAY I N FI NLAND 10 Public transport is a popular way to travel in Finland. Each county is responsible for their own public transport, and they can either arrange it themselves or buy the services from a suitable company. Transport between cities can be done by bus, train, or plane. Independent companies take care of the bus and plane transport, while the trains are run exclusively by the state-owned VR-group.

Public transport is the most common way to travel, especially in bigger cities like the metropolitan area in and around Helsinki, Tampere, and Turku. Most of the travel is done on business, and in the bigger cities things run frequently to ensure connections.

Helsinki and the metropolitan area surrounding it has the most comprehensive public transport system, with trains, buses, trams, its own subway system, and an international airport.

Helsinki is the only city in Finland with tram and subway traffic.

The nine tram lines in Helsinki run almost solely within the inner city.

The orange-colored subway system has existed in Helsinki since 1982, and currently has 17 stations.

Construction work is currently underway to extend the route to Espoo, a county located west of Helsinki. The project, named länsimetro, meaning "west metro," is being built in two phases, and the first one is set to be finished in August 2016. The second phase is scheduled to finish in 2020 at the earliest.

Another very significant public transport project, Kehärata, "The Ring Rail Line," will also be opened for passengers on the 1st of July, 2015. The new train line will serve passengers by providing a link between the Helsinki city center and the Helsinki-Vantaa International Airport. Before, passengers could only get to the airport by bus, taxi, or their own cars. The new train line also serves as a connection to the rest of the country. All the trains on this new line will be low-floor, providing easy access for travellers with luggage, strollers, or wheelchairs.

In smaller cities and in the countryside, public transport is often limited to either bus or train, and the schedules are sparse: buses might run only once in an hour, and the services stop early in the evening. This is due to lower population density. Additional services, like smaller mini buses or taxis that come when needed or arranged, exist for specialty groups like school children or the elderly.

Useful expression:

1. julkinen liikenne "public transport"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #14 - FI NDING YOUR WAY I N FI NLAND 11 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #15 Giving Your Opinion in Finnish

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar 13 Cultural Insight

# 15

1. Aino: No niin, Vilja, tässä tämä asuntomme nyt on. Aiomme aloittaa remontin viimeistään ensi kuussa.

2. Vilja: Tämähän on todella kiva asunto. Valoisa ja suuri!

3. Aino: Kiitos. Haluaisin kuitenkin kuulla mielipiteesi. Olemme Heikin kanssa eri mieltä joistakin asioista.

4. Vilja: Toki, miten voin auttaa?

5. Aino: No, aiomme poistaa näistä kulkuväylistä toisen. Meidän pitäisi päättää, kumman poistamme.

6. Vilja: Aivan..

7. Aino: Minä kuljen yleensä tätä kautta, mutta Heikki kulkee usein tuolta. Mielestäni tämä on käytännöllisempi reitti.

8. Aino: Emme myöskään tarvitse kahta kylpyhuonetta, joten teemme toisesta vaatehuoneen. Pitäisi vain päättää näiden kahden välillä..

9. Vilja: Kumpaa kylpyhuonetta käytätte enemmän?

10. Aino: No, minä käytän yleensä tätä. Heikki taas käyttää enemmän tuota, koska se on lähellä makuuhuonetta.

11. Vilja: No, tällä kertaa olen Heikin puolella.Tuo kylppäri on uskoakseni valoisampi. Mutta voisitte pitää sen kulkuväylän, mitä ehdotit?

12. Aino: Niin, ehkä olet oikeassa.

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 2 1. Aino: Okay, Vilja, so here is our apartment. We are going to start the remodeling by next month at the latest.

2. Vilja: Now this is a really nice apartment. Bright and large!

3. Aino: Thank you. But I would like to hear your opinion, however. I'm having a disagreement with Heikki about some things.

4. Vilja: Sure, how can I help?

5. Aino: Well, we're going to remove one of these passages. We just have to decide which one.

6. Vilja: Right..

7. Aino: I usually go through here, but Heikki often goes through there. I think this is a more practical route.

8. Aino: We also don't need two bathrooms, so we're going to make the other one into a walk-in wardrobe. We should just decide between the two...

9. Vilja: Which bathroom do you use more?

10. Aino: Well, I usually use this one. But again, Heikki uses the other one more, because it's close to the bedroom.

11. Vilja: Well, this time I am on Heikki's side. That bathroom is brighter, I believe. But you could keep the passage you suggested?

12. Aino: Yeah, maybe you're right.

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 3 remontti remodeling, renovation noun

kiva nice adjective

mielipide opinion noun

poistaa to remove verb

kulkuväylä passage noun

päättää to decide, to end verb

kulkea to go, to move, to pass verb

käytännöllinen practical adjective

kylpyhuone bathroom noun

kylppäri bathroom (slang) noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Remontti on vihdoinkin valmis! Kiva, saamme tänään

jälkiruokaa! "T he renovation is f inally ready!" "Great, we'll get dessert today!"

T iinalla on voimakkaita T iedätkö, miten voin poistaa mielipiteitä punaviinitahran?

"Tiina has some strong opinions." "Do you know how I can remove a red wine stain?"

Yritän poistaa tämän tahran Tuo kulkuväylä on aina heti. ruuhkainen.

"I’ll try to remove this stain "T hat passage is always instantly." crowded."

He ovat päättäneet muuttaa Eduskunta päättää tänään Eurooppaan tulevien uudesta laista.

kuukausien aikana. "The Parliament will decide on a "T hey have decided to move to new law today." Europe in the coming months."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 4 Minä kuljen töihin sataman Tämä laukku on todella kautta. käytännöllinen.

"I go to work via the harbor." "T his bag is very practical."

Haluaisin isomman Sinulla on kiva kylppäri. kylpyhuoneen. "You have a nice bathroom." "I would like to have a bigger bathroom."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE olla eri mieltä "to disagree"

The phrase olla eri mieltä, "to disagree," is based on three words: the verb olla meaning "to be," the adverb eri meaning "different," and noun mieli, "mind." Literally this phrase could therefore mean "to have a different mind."

You can use this phrase whenever you need to express that you disagree with someone or something. If you want to say the opposite, i.e. when you agree with someone or something, you just replace the word eri with the word sama, "same." For example: Olen samaa mieltä - "I agree with you."

For example:

1. Olen aivan eri mieltä professorini kanssa. "I completely disagree with my professor." kahden välillä "between the two"

The phrase kahden välillä, "between the two," is based on two words: the genitive of the numeral kaksi meaning "two" and the adverb välillä meaning "between."

You can use this phrase when you want to express when someone has to choose or make a decision between two options. You can also replace the numeral 'two' with another number, although this expression is rather rare. An example would be Neljän välillä - "between the four."

For example:

1. En osaa valita näiden kahden välillä. "I can't choose between these two."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 5 kylpyhuone "bathroom"

The word kylpyhuone is made out of two parts; the noun kylpy for "bath" and the noun huone for "room."

You can use this word whenever referring to a bathroom. If you are talking about a lavatory, you should say vessa, wc, or käymälä instead of kylpyhuone, as kylpyhuone is generally understood as a room with a bath and/or a shower.

For example:

1. Haluan ison kylpyhuoneen, jossa on tilaa myös kylpyammeelle. "I want a big bathroom, with space for a bath tub too."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Expressing Agreement, Disagreement, and Belief s and Using Consonant Gradation in Verbs Kiitos. Haluaisin kuitenkin kuulla mielipiteesi. Olemme Heikin kanssa eri mieltä joistakin asioista. "T hank you. But I would like to hear your opinion, however. We have a disagreement with Heikki about some things."

In this lesson, Aino and Vilja used a lot of expressions to express agreement, disagreement, and beliefs:

1. Haluaisin kuitenkin kuulla mielipiteesi. "I would like to hear your opinion, however."

2. Olemme Heikin kanssa eri mieltä joistakin asioista. "I'm having a disagreement with Heikki about some things."

3. Mielestäni tämä on käytännöllisempi reitti. "I think this is a more practical route."

4. Tuo kylppäri on uskoakseni valoisampi. "That bathroom is brighter, I believe."

5. Niin, ehkä olet oikeassa. "Yeah, maybe you're right."

When you say you like or dislike something, you can use the expressions:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 6 minusta tämä on... (" In my opinion, this is...") or minun mielestäni tämä on.. ("In my opinion, this is...").

You can also just use the verbs tykätä ("to like") or pitää ("to like"), and their negations:

1. Tykkään tästä väristä. "I like this color."

2. En tykkää tästä väristä. "I don't like this color."

3. Pidän tästä tapetista. "I like this wallpaper."

4. En pidä tästä tapetista. "I don't like this wallpaper."

In the following chart there are some other useful expressions to use in expressing your agreement, disagreement, beliefs, or to ask for someone else's opinion:

Niin minustakin. "I think so too." Olen samaa mieltä. "I agree." Olet oikeassa. "You are right." Niin on. "So it is" / "Yes it is." Ei minusta. "Not to me." Olen eri mieltä. "I disagree." Minulla on toinen mielipide. "I have a different opinion." Minusta tämä on kuitenkin... "I think this is however..." Mielestäni.. "In my opinion..." Minun mielestäni.. "In my opinion.." Mitä olet mieltä? "What do you think?" Mikä on sinun mielipiteesi? "What is your opinion?" Luulen, että.. "I think that..." Luulisin kuitenkin, että... "I would think however, that.." Arvelen kuitenkin, että... "I think/believe however, that.." Uskoakseni... "In my belief.."

What is "consonant gradation"?

The consonant gradation means that certain word stems change depending on

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 7 what kind of an ending is attached to them. Some consonants change when a previously open syllable becomes closed, by adding the ending. For example:

Noun Partitive (open Genitive (closed syllable) syllable) tukka ("hair") tukkaa tukan kakku ("cake") kakkua kakun majakka ("lighthouse") majakkaa majakan

The form with the changed consonants is called the weak stem. The form with the "harder" consonants is the strong stem.

Consonant gradation affects the last consonants of a word if there is one or more k, p, or t. One of the consonants may be dropped (kk → k, pp → p, tt → t) or they may change into other consonants (e.g. t → d, p → v, mp → mm), when a single- consonant ending or an ending that begins with two consonants is attached. Note that this happens with all words that are inflected, including nouns, numbers, and adjectives, as well as verbs. Some recent loanwords, such as auto ("car") and muki ("mug"), are not affected.

The consonant gradation takes place with endings which begin with two consonants (-ssa/-ssä, -sta/-stä, -lla/-llä, -lta/-ltä, -lle, -ksi) or which are made of only one consonant (-t, -n). The gradation happens when the consonants are between the last, and the second to last syllable. Therefore, for example, kylppäri (spoken language for "bathroom"), becomes kylppärissä, but remontti ("remodeling" or "renovation") becomes remontissa: kylp-pä-ri → kylppärissä re-mont-ti → remontissa

When conjugating words to different cases, you must remember if you use the strong or the weak stem as the base.

From the locative cases only the illatiivi, the illative case, is using the strong stem. All the other locative cases use the weak stem.

For example: illatiivi/illative case: kauppaan ("to the shop") inessiivi/inessive case: kaupassa ("in the shop") elatiivi/elative case: kaupasta ("from the shop") adessiivi/additive case: kaupalla ("at the shop") ablatiivi/ablative case: kaupalta ("from the (vicinity of) the shop")

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 8 allatiivi/allative case: kaupalle ("to the shop")

When there is double k, p or t

strong stem weak stem kk → k pp → p tt → t

Other cases, the consonant changes into other consonant(s)

strong stem weak stem k → - k → v p → v t → d nk → ng mp → mm nt → nn lt → ll rt → rr lk → lje rk → rje

Other consonant combinations do not have the consonant gradation, for example - ss or -st.

Exceptions

There are some exceptions in which there is no consonant gradation. These include:

- Foreign names, for example Cato → Caton

- Many Finnish first names, for example Mika → Mikan, Kati → Katin

- Most acronyms, for example supo (short name for suojelupoliisi, "Finnish Security Intelligence Service") → supon

- Slang words, loan words, artificial words, for example mökä ("noise") → mökän

The examples above use the genitive case.

Consonant Gradation with Verbs

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 9 When conjugating verbs, you must remember the consonant gradation. Each verb type has it's own rules, and the gradation is different with verbs than with other words. The consonant gradation has an effect with verb types 1, 3, and 4.

Consonants gradate according to the consonant gradation rules, the verb type and the person.

For example:

1. Minä kuljen yleensä tätä kautta, mutta Heikki kulkee yleensä tuolta. "I usually go through here, but Heikki usually goes through there."

Consonant gradation in verb type 1

The consonant gradation can happen with all tenses, you just have to pay attention to the cases and the syllables.

The following chart shows the consonant gradation for verb type 1, using the present tense. The verbs are in the present form in the chart, but the gradation is applicable for other tenses as well.

K → - T → D TT → T lukea ("to lähteä ("to kirjoittaa ("to ST EM ST RONG read") leave") write") weak → luen lähden kirjoitan weak → luet lähdet kirjoitat strong → lukee lähtee kirjoittaa weak → luemme lähdemme kirjoitamme weak → luette lähdette kirjoitatte strong → lukevat lähtevät kirjoittavat negative: weak→ en lue en lähde en kirjoita

ST EM ST RONG KK → K NT → NN RT → RR ST EM nukkua ("to myöntää ("to siirtää ("to weak → sleep") admit") move") weak → nukun myönnän siirrän strong → nukut myönnät siirrät weak → nukkuu myöntää siirtää weak → nukumme myönnämme siirrämme strong → nukutte myönnätte siirrätte negative: weak→ nukkuvat myöntävät siirtävät en nuku en myönnä en siirrä

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 10 PP → P P → V LT → LL ST RONG STEM oppia ("to sopia ("to f it") kieltää ("to weak → learn") sovin deny") weak → opin sovit kiellän strong → opit sopii kiellät weak → oppii sovimme kieltää weak → opimme sovitte kiellämme strong → opitte sopivat kiellätte negative: weak→ oppivat en sovi kieltävät en opi en kiellä

NK → NG MP → MM tonkia ("to empiä ("to ST RONG STEM rummage") hesitate") weak → tongin emmin weak → tongit emmit strong → tonkii empii weak → tongimme emmimme weak → tongitte emmitte strong → tonkivat empivät negative: weak→ en tongi en emmi

Consonant gradation in verb types 3 and 4

With verb types 3 and 4, the infinitive is weak, while all the other forms are strong.

WEAK STEM T → TT D → T V → P strong → esitellä ("to pudota ("to tavata ("to strong → introduce") f all") meet) strong → esittelen putoan tapaan strong → esittelet putoat tapaat strong → esittelee putoaa tapaa strong → esittelemme putoamme tapaamme negative: strong esittelette putoatte tapaatte → esittelevät putoavat tapaavat en esittele en putoa en tapaa

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 11 ST RONG STEM RR → RT MM → MP - → K strong → verrata ("to ommella ("to maata ("to lie strong → compare") sew") down") strong → vertaan ompelen makaan strong → vertaat ompelet makaat strong → vertaa ompelee makaa strong → vertaamme ompelemme makaamme negative: strong vertaatte ompelette makaatte → vertaavat ompelevat makaavat en vertaa en ompele en makaa

ST RONG STEM K → KK P → PP NN → NT strong → pakata ("to hypätä ("to kuunnella ("to strong → pack") jump") listen") strong → pakkaan hyppään kuuntelen strong → pakkaat hyppäät kuuntelet strong → pakkaa hyppää kuuntelee strong → pakkaamme hyppäämme kuuntelemme negative: strong pakkaatte hyppäätte kuuntelette → pakkaavat hyppäävät kuuntelevat en pakkaa en hyppää en kuuntele

ST RONG STEM LL → LT NG → NK strong → vallata ("to hangata ("to strong → occupy") scrub") strong → valtaan hankaan strong → valtaat hankaat strong → valtaa hankaa strong → valtaamme hankaamme negative: strong valtaatte hankaatte → valtaavat hankaavat en valtaa en hankaa

Examples from the lesson:

Both examples from the lesson are in verb type 1. As we learned before, the singular third and plural third were using strong stems, while every other form had weak stems and therefore consonant gradation.

Aikoa ("to intend to") - Verb type 1

1. Aiomme poistaa näistä kulkuväylistä toisen. "We are going to remove the other one of these passages."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 12 → What happens here is that the single k from the verb aikoa, "to intend to" is removed entirely. If we use the singular third, and say "she is going to remove," we don't remove the 'k', and say: hän aikoo poistaa..

Käyttää ("to use") - Verb type 1

1. Minä käytän yleensä tätä. Heikki taas käyttää enemmän tuota. "I usually use this. But again, Heikki is using the other one more."

→ This sentence is using the verb käyttää, "to use." In this example the tt becomes t in the first singular, but remains strong in the third singular.

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Minä kuljen yleensä tätä kautta, mutta Heikki kulkee usein tuolta. Mielestäni tämä on käytännöllisempi reitti. "I will usually go through here, but Heikki often goes through there. I think this is a more practical route."

2. Emme myöskään tarvitse kahta kylpyhuonetta, joten teemme toisesta vaatehuoneen. Pitäisi vain päättää näiden kahden välillä... "We also don't need two bathrooms, so we are going to make the other one into a walk-in wardrobe. We should just decide between the two..."

Sample Sentences

1. Minä juoksen rauhallisesti, mutta veljeni juoksee kuin viimeistä päivää. "I run smoothly, but my brother is running like the clappers (or like it's last day of his life.)"

2. En ole kanssasi samaa mieltä, minusta tämä toinen on parempi. "I don't agree with you, I think this other one is better."

3. Te näytätte aivan upeilta ja minä näytän aivan hiirulaiselta. "You look totally gorgeous and I look like a mouse."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

T he Finnish Do-It-Yourself Culture

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 13 As a nation of hunter-gatherers, doing things by yourself is kind of a national characteristic for the Finns. Going fishing, hunting, and picking mushrooms and berries is still a very popular pastime. Growing your own vegetables and herbs is also relatively common, and lately also a trendy hobby. Building your own shed, house, or summer cottage is an ambition for many men.

Making your own tools and things you need in your daily life has it's roots in frugality and the shortage of ready-made goods in the olden days. During the wars people also had to be creative and use whatever materials they had to make necessary items. Some even made paper shoes and fabric from hair, for example.

The 'do it yourself' culture is still very much alive, with even festivals and events focused around the theme.

One of these events is called Wärk:Fest, which offers different kinds of workshops under one roof where people can try and learn new skills. Inventors can also exhibit their new innovations and introduce them to the visitors. The event has been held twice, in 2012 and in 2013.

Also the global events Ravintolapäivä, "Restaurant Day," and Siivouspäivä, "Cleaning Day," are of Finnish origin,and promote the do-it-yourself culture by encouraging people to become entrepreneurs for a day by selling home-made food or baked goods, and by cleaning their closets and selling their unwanted items at sales spots marked on the event website.

TV-programs, blogs, and magazines also promote doing things yourself, by hand. The term kotoilu, "homing," became trendy around the 2010s. One popular program centered around gardening, cooking, crafts and woodwork is Strömsö, a Finland-Swedish program which is filmed in a wooden villa near Vaasa, a city on the west coast of Finland.

Finns are not very used to using services, although this is gradually changing. Many prefer to at least try to fix their own machines and tools, wash their own clothes, change their own car tires, and walk their own dogs, for example.

Useful expression:

1. tee-se-itse "do-it-yourself"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #15 - GI VI NG YOUR OPINION I N FI NNIS H 14 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #16 Opening a Finnish Bank Account

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar 11 Cultural Insight

# 16

1. Pankkivirkailija: Päivää! Istukaa vain alas. Miten voin olla avuksi?

2. Linnea: Päivää! Haluaisin avata uuden pankkitilin. Olen katsonut Internetistä pankkien tietoja, ja mielestäni teillä on parhaimmat ehdot.

3. Pankkivirkailija: Ahaa, hienoa! Onko teillä henkilöllisyyspapereita mukana?

4. Linnea: Käykö Kela-kortti tai passi?

5. Pankkivirkailija: Kuvallinen Kela-kortti tai passi käy.

6. Linnea: Selvä, etsin teille sitten passini. Hetki vain.

7. Pankkivirkailija: Ok, laitan teille sillä aikaa tähän kaavakkeita valmiiksi. Olettehan te siis avaamassa yksityisasiakkaan tiliä?

8. Linnea: Itse asiassa, jos mahdollista, avaisin samalla tilin myös yritykselleni.

9. Pankkivirkailija: Ahaa, tarvitsemme sitten myös joitakin yrityksenne papereita, kuten kaupparekisteriotteen.

10. Linnea: Aivan, minulla on kaikki paperit täällä kansiossa.

ENGLISH

1. Bank Employee: Good afternoon! Please just sit down. How can I help you?

2. Linnea: Good afternoon! I would like to open a new bank account. I have been researching information on banks on the Internet, and I think you have the best terms.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #16 - OPENING A FI NNIS H BANK ACCOUNT 2 3. Bank Employee: Oh, great! Do you have any identification papers with you?

4. Linnea: Is a Kela-card or passport ok?

5. Bank Employee: A Kela-card with photo or a passport is ok.

6. Linnea: Okay, then I'll look for my passport for you. Just a moment.

7. Bank Employee: Ok, I'll put some forms here for you in the meantime. So you're opening a private customer account?

8. Linnea: As a matter of fact, if possible, I would also like to open up an account for my business.

9. Bank Employee: Ah, well then we would also need some of your business papers, such as an extract from the trade register.

10. Linnea: Yes, I have all the papers here in this folder.

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

avata to open verb

pankkitili bank account phrase, noun

ehto term, condition noun

identity papers, henkilöllisyyspaperit identification papers noun

Kela-kortti Kela-card Proper noun

kuvallinen with photo, with image adjective

kaavake form noun

yksityisasiakas private customer noun

as a matter of fact, itse asiassa actually phrase

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #16 - OPENING A FI NNIS H BANK ACCOUNT 3 an extract from the trade kaupparekisteriote register noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Poika avaa oven. Uusi ravintola avattiin eilen.

"The boy opens the door." "A new restaurant opened yesterday."

Avaisitko ikkunan? Milloin avasit ensimmäisen

pankkitilisi? "Could you open the window, please?" "When did you open your f irst bank account?"

Valtio jäädytti yrityksen Millaiset ehdot on pankkitilit. sopimuksessa?

"T he government f roze the "What kind of terms does the company's bank accounts." contract have?"

Hukkasin henkilöllisyyspaperini. Kela-kortti lähetetään

automaattisesti. "I lost my identification papers." "The Kela-card is sent automatically."

Kumpi on parempi, kuvallinen Täyttäkää tämä kaavake, olkaa vai kuvaton ilmoitus? hyvä.

"Which is better, the ad with or "Fill in this f orm, please." without an image?"

Meillä on paljon Itse asiassa, meillä on vielä yksi yksityisasiakkaita. kappale jäljellä.

"We have a lot of private "As a matter of fact, we still have customers." one piece left."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #16 - OPENING A FI NNIS H BANK ACCOUNT 4 Kaupparekisteriote on julkinen ja virallinen rekisteri yrityksestä.

"An extract from the trade register is a public and official register for the company."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE pankkitili "bank account"

The word pankkitili is made out of two nouns: pankki for "bank" and tili for "account."

The word pankkitili refers solely to accounts in a bank. Any other kind of account can be referred to with the word tili, "account."

For example:

1. Joissakin maissa pankkitilin avaaminen saattaa olla hankalaa. "In some countries opening a bank account may be troublesome." henkilöllisyyspaperit "identity papers, identification papers"

The word henkilöllisyyspaperit is made out of two parts; the noun henkilöllisyys for "identity" and the plural of the noun paperi, for "paper."

This word is used when talking about an ID, so identification papers. In Finland this can mean, for example, a passport, driver's licence or Kela-card with a photo.

The short form of henkilöllisyyspaperit is henkkarit. This is often heard in casual speech and normal language, and is also used by policemen or other officials.

For example:

1. Jos ostat alkoholia, sinulta saatetaan kysyä henkilöllisyyspapereita. "If you buy alcohol, you may be asked for an ID."

Kela-kortti "Kela-card"

The word Kela-kortti is made up of two parts; the proper noun Kela and the noun kortti, for "card."

This word is used solely when referring to the Finnish personal health insurance card Kela-kortti, "Kela-card." Every permanent resident in Finland has one. If you

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #16 - OPENING A FI NNIS H BANK ACCOUNT 5 want to refer to another kind of health insurance card, you can use the generic expression terveysvakuutuskortti, "health insurance card."

For example:

1. Sain eilen uuden kuvallisen Kela-kortin. "I received a new Kela-card with photo yesterday."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Usef ul Vocabulary and Phrases f or Opening a Bank Account using the Plural Partitive Päivää! Haluaisin avata uuden pankkitilin. Olen katsonut Internetistä pankkien tietoja, ja mielestäni teillä on parhaimmat ehdot. "Good af ternoon! I would like to open a new bank account. I have been researching information on banks on the Internet, and I think you have the best terms."

Structure of the Plural Partitive

The plural partitive is used when we are talking about an unspecified number of something.

In this lesson, the plural partitive was featured a few times:

1. Olen katsonut Internetistä pankkien tietoja. "I have been researching information on banks on the Internet."

2. Onko teillä henkilöllisyyspapereita mukana? "Do you have any identification papers with you?"

3. Ok, laitan teille sillä aikaa tähän kaavakkeita valmiiksi. "Ok, I'll put some forms here for you in the meanwhile."

If you are talking about all of something, you can simply use the plural basic form or the nominative plural form, the one ending with -t.

However, when you are talking about only some objects (so not all of them) or you don't know the exact number, you use the plural partitive.

Kaavakkeet ovat pöydällä. - "(All of ) the forms are on the table." → plural basic f orm

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #16 - OPENING A FI NNIS H BANK ACCOUNT 6 Pöydällä on kaavakkeita. - "(Some) forms are on the table." → plural partitive

The plural partitive is also used when telling where something is.

1. Keskustassa on paljon pankkeja. "There are lots of banks in the downtown area."

It can be also used when telling what someone has or hasn't got.

1. Joillakin pankeilla on paljon asiakkaita ruuhka-aikaan. "Some banks have a lot of customers during rush-hour."

It is also used when saying what things or people are like.

1. Pankkitoimihenkilöt ovat pääosin avuliaita. "Bankers are mainly helpful."

Formation of the Plural Partitive

When the plural stem ends with oi-, öi, ui- or yi-, the i changes into -ja or -jä.

Remember that the partitive is always strong.

Nominative Singular Stem Plural Stem Plural Partitive

talo talo- taloi- taloja

kauppa kaupa- kaupoi- kauppoja

When there are foreign words, also known as loan words, that end with i, the i changes into -ja or -jä.

Nominative Singular Stem Plural Stem Plural Partitive

hotelli hotelli- hotellei- hotelleja

pankki panki- pankei- pankkeja

banaani banaani- banaanei- banaaneja

When the word singular stem ends with two vowels, add -ta or -tä

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #16 - OPENING A FI NNIS H BANK ACCOUNT 7 Nominative Singular Stem Plural Stem Plural Partitive perhe perhee- perhei- perheitä kaunis kaunii- kaunii- kauniita tehdas tehtaa- tehtai- tehtaita

When the plural stem ends with an i, add -a or -ä

Nominative Singular Stem Plural Stem Plural Partitive

nainen naise- naisi- naisia

käsi käde- käsi- käsiä

opettaja opettaja- opettaji- opettajia

Long words that end with na/nä, ra/rä, la/lä or ija/ijä, get the ending -(oi)ta or -(öi)tä instead.

Nominative Singular Stem Plural Stem Plural Partitive

ravintola ravintola- ravintoloi- ravintoloita

porkkana porkkana- porkkanoi- porkkanoita

opiskelija opiskelija- opiskelijoi- opiskelijoita

Let's also compare the partitive singular, partitive plural, and nominative plural:

Partitive Partitive Plural Nominative English Singular Plural

eläin-tä eläim-i-ä eläime-t "animal"

kala-a kalo-j-a kala-t "fish"

koira-a koir-i-a koira-t "dog"

millais-ta millais-i-a millaise-t "what kind of"

sulois-ta sulois-i-a suloise-t "cute"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #16 - OPENING A FI NNIS H BANK ACCOUNT 8 lasi-a lase-j-a lasi-t "glass" kaappi-a kaappe-j-a kaapi-t "cabinet"

For example:

Partitive singular

1. Etsin luotettavaa ja suosittua pankkia. "I am looking for a reliable and popular bank."

2. Käytin tänään liikaa luottokorttia. "I used the credit card too much today."

Partitive plural

1. Pankkeja on niin monenlaisia. "There are so many kinds of banks."

2. Lapset voivat saada vielä joistakin pankeista säästöpossuja. "Children can still get piggy banks from some banks."

Nominative plural

1. Monet pankit ovat myös lopettaneet toimintansa "Many banks have also ceased their actions."

2. Konttorit sulkevat ovensa melko aikaisin. "The (bank) offices close their doors relatively early."

Bank Vocabulary

Finnish English

IBAN- tilinumero "International Bank Account Number, IBAN"

luottokortti "credit card"

nosto "withdrawal"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #16 - OPENING A FI NNIS H BANK ACCOUNT 9 nostaa "to withdraw" pankkikortti "bank card" pankkikirja "pass book, bank book" pankkikonttori "bank branch, branch office" pankkiautomaatti "ATM, automatic teller machine" pankkilaina "bank loan" paperitiliote "paper account statement, paper bank" "statement" talletus, pano, tilillepano "deposit, bank deposit" tallettaa "to deposit" talletustili "deposit account" tili, pankkitili "account, bank account" yritystili "corporate account, business account" yhdistystili "association account" tilinavaus "opening of an account" tilinomistaja "account holder" tiliote "account statement, bank statement" tilinumero "(bank) account number" tilisiirto "credit transfer, bank transfer, account transfer" tilitiedot, tilin tiedot "account information,bank account information" tilitapahtuma, transaktio "account transaction" tilinylitys "overdraft" sähköinen tiliote "electronic account statement"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #16 - OPENING A FI NNIS H BANK ACCOUNT 10 suoramaksu "direct payment" verkkopankki, Internetpankki, "online bank, Internet bank, e-banking, nettipankki web bank" verkkopankkitunnukset, "bank identifiers" pankkitunnukset verkkotiliote "online account statement"

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Ahaa, hienoa! Onko teillä henkilöllisyyspapereita mukana? "Oh, great! Do you have any identification papers with you?"

2. Ok, laitan teille sillä aikaa tähän kaavakkeita valmiiksi. Olettehan te siis avaamassa yksityisasiakkaan tiliä? "Ok, I'll put some forms here for you in the meanwhile. So you're opening a private customer account?"

Sample Sentences

1. Mitä asiakirjoja tarvitsen tilin avaamista varten? "What kind of documents do I need to open an account?"

2. Saanko allekirjoituksenne tähän, kiitos. "May I have your signature here, please?"

3. Meillä on erilaisia tilejä, erilaisia asiakkaita varten. "We have different kinds of accounts for different kinds of customers."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Banks in Finland

The first bank in Finland was established in 1811 in Turku, and it was called the Waihetus-Laina-ja Depositioni-Contori, roughly translated as "The Exchange, Loan and Deposit Bureau." The bank moved from Turku to Helsinki in 1819, and became the Bank of Finland in 1840. The Bank of Finland is fourth oldest central bank in the world.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #16 - OPENING A FI NNIS H BANK ACCOUNT 11 Savings banks form the oldest banking group in Finland, with the oldest banks opened in 1823 in Turku and 1826 in Helsinki. These banks were first opened in cities, but later also in the countryside. Their aim was to improve the financial situation of the employee class.

Other banking groups are commercial banks and cooperative banks. Other forms of banking have also existed, but later merged with other banks or ceased to exist.

Current Finnish banks include Nordea, Aktia Pankki, Danske Bank (formerly known as Sampo Pankki), LähiTapiola, S-pankki, OP-Pohjola-group, POP Pankki-group and Ålandsbanken.

Nowadays most of the banking transactions and communication in Finland are done online, using Internet banking. The majority of Finns pay their bills and do other money transactions online. Purchases from web stores are most often paid with online bank codes, or with credit cards. Bank and credit cards are also the most popular way to pay for purchases in shops.

The oldest online bank in Finland is the OP-Pohjola-group's online bank, which opened in 1996. It was the first online bank in Europe, and the second online bank in the world.

Mobile transactions are also becoming very popular in Finland. Banks currently offer their services for mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. Finland is actually one of the pioneers in mobile payment. The first vending machine at which items could be bought with a phone call was introduced in 1997. Later these vending machines were changed to respond to text messages. Also train, bus, tram, and subway tickets can be ordered directly to your phone by sending a text message.

Useful expression:

1. säästöpankki "savings bank"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #16 - OPENING A FI NNIS H BANK ACCOUNT 12 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #17 Are You Having Trouble Deciding on Dinner in Finland?

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar 9 Cultural Insight # 17

1. Jukka: Hei, anteeksi!

2. Työntekijä: Hei, miten voin auttaa?

3. Jukka: Onko tässä ravintolassa lounasaikaa erikseen? Etsin edullista, mutta herkullista lounasta.

4. Työntekijä: Kyllä on, virallisesti aloitamme sen vartin päästä, mutta tulkaa vain jo sisään.

5. Jukka: Kiitos.

6. Työntekijä: Kas tässä on ruokalista. Paistetut silakat ovat suosituin lounasannoksemme.

7. Jukka: Ahaa. Voisin sitten ottaa ne. Haluaisin myös jonkun raikkaan salaatin.

8. Työntekijä: Tämä salaatti on koottu kauden tuoreista vihanneksista. Suosittelen sitä.

9. Jukka: Selvä, otan sitten sen. Saisinko myös lasillisen vissyä, ja jälkiruuaksi palan lämmintä omenapiirakkaa.

10. Työntekijä: Toki. Kiitos!

ENGLISH

1. Jukka: Hello, excuse me!

2. Employee: Hello, how can I help you?

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #17 - ARE YOU HAVI NG TROUBLE DECI DING ON DINNER I N FI NLAND? 2 3. Jukka: Is there a separate lunch time in this restaurant? I'm looking for an inexpensive but delicious lunch.

4. Employee: Yes there is, officially we start it in fifteen minutes, but please come on in already.

5. Jukka: Thank you.

6. Employee: Now, here is the menu. The fried herrings are our most popular lunch dish.

7. Jukka: Aha. Could I have them then? I would also like to have some fresh salad.

8. Employee: This salad is made up of fresh seasonal vegetables. I recommend it.

9. Jukka: Right, I will take that one then. Could I also have a glass of sparkling water, and a piece of warm apple pie as a dessert, please?

10. Employee: Sure. Thank you!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

lounasaika lunchtime noun

erikseen separately adverb

edullinen inexpensive adjective

virallinen official adjective

ruokalista menu noun

suosittu popular adjective

koota to compile verb

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #17 - ARE YOU HAVI NG TROUBLE DECI DING ON DINNER I N FI NLAND? 3 tuore fresh adjective

suositella to recommend verb

lasillinen a glass of noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Milloin kouluissa on lounasaika? Eilisen illallisen jälkeen, pyysin

tarjoilijaa tuomaan laskumme "When do schools have their erikseen. lunchtime?" "After yesterday's dinner, I asked the waitress to bring our checks separately."

Tuonko laskun erikseen vai Voisiko kirjanpitäjäsi laskea yhdessä? veroilmoituksemme erikseen?

"Shall I bring the bill separately or "Could your accountant calculate together?" our tax returns separately?"

Asunnon vuokra on erittäin Virallinen tilaisuus alkaa jo edullinen. aamulla.

"The rent of the apartment is very "The official occasion starts inexpensive." already in the morning."

Missä on ruokalista? Hän on suosittu laulaja.

"Where is the menu?" "He is a popular singer."

Tämä laulu oli erittäin suosittu Tämä laulu on juuri nyt erittäin viime vuonna. suosittu ja se on numero

ykkönen listoilla. "T his song was very popular last year." "T his song is very popular right now and is number one in the charts."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #17 - ARE YOU HAVI NG TROUBLE DECI DING ON DINNER I N FI NLAND? 4 Kaiken datan kokoaminen on Torilta saa aina tuoreita hyvin aikaavievää puuhaa. vihanneksia.

"Compiling all of the data is a very "You can always get f resh time consuming task." vegetables from the market."

Suosittelen tätä ravintolaa Ystäväni suositteli minulle tätä lämpimästi. kirjaa.

"I warmly recommend this "My friend recommended this restaurant." book to me."

Lasillinen vettä piristää kuumana päivänä.

"A glass of water refreshes you on a hot day."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE lounasaika "lunchtime"

The word lounasaika is made out of two parts; the noun lounas for "lunch" and noun aika for "time."

This word is used when referring to lunchtime in schools, workplaces, and also restaurants. If you want to say "lunch break," you can use the word lounastauko or ruokatunti, which literally means "food hour." The word ruokatunti is commonly used in employment contracts.

For example:

1. lunchtime?" vartti "fifteen minutes, quarter"

The word vartti refers to a quarter, to 15 minutes of an hour, and also to the concept of akateeminen vartti, "academic quarter." The word is a loan word from the Swedish word kvart.

You can use this in a casual context when you want to express 15 minutes in a different way, or a quarter (neljännesosa in Finnish) in a different way. You can also use it in the phrase akateeminen vartti, which means that sometimes academic events start 15 minutes past the starting time. It is also used as a light-hearted excuse when you are late. In formal situations it is better to use the proper

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #17 - ARE YOU HAVI NG TROUBLE DECI DING ON DINNER I N FI NLAND? 5 description and names, for example 15 (viisitoista) minuuttia, "15 minutes," 15 (viisitoista) kilometriä, "15 kilometres," or neljännesosa, "quarter," instead of vartti.

In casual language and in slang you will quite often hear venaa vartti! This means "wait for 15 minutes!." There is also a well known term, varttitunti, "quarter of an hour," which naturally means "15 minutes."

For example:

1. then?" lasillinen "a glass of"

The word lasillinen, meaning "a glass of," stems from the noun lasi, "a glass." Words with ful-derivatives, such as lasillinen, "glassful," represent adjectives, which are derived from container nouns with the suffix -llinen. For example pullo, "bottle," pullollinen, "a bottle of."

You can use this word, and also this structure, when you want to express you want 'a measure of something', for example lasillinen - "a glass of" something, pullollinen - "a bottle of" something, ämpärillinen - "a bucket of" something.

For example:

1. please."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Ordering a Meal at a Restaurant, Listening to Recommendations, and Using the Congruence in Sentences Kas tässä on ruokalista. Paistetut silakat ovat suosituin lounasannoksemme. "Now, here is the menu. T he f ried herrings are our most popular lunch dish."

Kongruenssi - "Congruence"

Kongruenssi, "congruence," affects the predicates and the subjects in a sentence.

Congruence means that the words adapt with each other, according to the person and different cases. The predicate is usually conjugated according to the person and the number of the subject.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #17 - ARE YOU HAVI NG TROUBLE DECI DING ON DINNER I N FI NLAND? 6 When the subject is singular, the predicate is also in singular:

1. forest."

2. vegetables."

When the subject is in plural, the predicate is also in plural:

1. forest."

2. dish."

When there are several subjects in nominative form, the predicate will become plural accordingly

1. forest."

2. dishes."

Note however,that if there is a coordinating conjunction tai, "or," or joko-tai, "either-or," in between the subjects, the predicate will be singular:

1. bill."

When there are many subjects, but they form a some kind of group, the predicate will be in singular form.

1. arrived."

2. writer."

Proper nouns, which are in plural form, can have a predicate in the singular or in the plural form, when you want to underline the plurality. When the subject which is in plural form is not a proper noun, the predicate will usually be in the plural form as well.

1. meeting."

2. employees."

3. Sea."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #17 - ARE YOU HAVI NG TROUBLE DECI DING ON DINNER I N FI NLAND? 7 Negative verbs also adapt to the number and person of the subject:

1. squirrel."

2. dessert."

A group word, which is in singular form, such as ryhmä ("group"), joukkue ("team"), nuoriso ("youth"), or henkilökunta ("staff"), will make also the predicate singular:

1. raise."

2. park."

3. weekend."

Sometimes, the subject may be placed far away from the predicate, or it may f ollow the predicate:

1. portion."

2. coffee."

3. customers."

4. big."

Restaurant and food vocabulary

In the chart you will find some phrases that are useful to know in a restaurant:

uuden. one."

In this chart, you can find some useful food- and restaurant-related vocabulary:

resepti "recipe"

Examples from the dialogue:

1. salad."

2. please?"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #17 - ARE YOU HAVI NG TROUBLE DECI DING ON DINNER I N FI NLAND? 8 Sample Sentences

1. evening."

2. menu."

3. needed."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Lunching in Finland

Traditionally Finns eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner each day, of which lunch is perhaps regarded as the main meal. Lunch is usually enjoyed between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. The Finnish lunch is traditionally formed from many parts: salad or grated vegetables; potatoes, rice or pasta; meat, chicken or fish; bread and butter or margarine, and a drink from a selection of milk, water, juice, sour milk, or home- brewed beer.

Finnish kids can enjoy a healthy, free meal at school. Children in Finland are subject to compulsory education, usually until they are 16 or 17 years old. Every child taking part is entitled to a free lunch at school. Free lunch has been offered to every student since 1948.

The meals are planned and prepared in advance, and each meal should be as healthy and nutritionally balanced as possible. Drink choices are usually milk, sour milk, and water, and occasionally juice may be also served. Students can also choose between white, rye, and crisp bread.

The school lunches are offered as a buffet, where the students can serve themselves the portion they want, although with some items—like meat balls—the maximum amount is limited, to ensure every student gets their share.

The students eat their lunch together, either in a school caféteria or in their own classrooms. Meals based on special diets are also served with no extra cost. These could include for example diets modified for allergies, ethnic reasons, or religious reasons.

Students in higher education, like universities, have to pay for their lunches, although Kela, the National Social Insurance Institution, supports each student by paying part of each meal. The supported meals, i.e. meals with a student discount, can be enjoyed in restaurants that belong to the Kela meal support system. Usually this means restaurants on campus.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #17 - ARE YOU HAVI NG TROUBLE DECI DING ON DINNER I N FI NLAND? 9 People who work are always entitled to a lunch hour, and usually two coffee breaks as well. The lunch hour can vary from between 30 and 60 minutes. Usually the lunch hour is considered private time for the employees, and therefore they have the right to leave the work premises for the duration of their lunch.

Most employees have the option to enjoy their lunches in staff restaurants, which offer a selection of healthy meals in a buffet style setting. Some employees prefer to go out for lunch, and it is relatively common for restaurants to offer special lunch menus for a cheaper price. Luncheon vouchers are also offered by some employers for their employees as fringe benefits, which can be used to pay for meals at restaurants and some shops.

Bringing your own lunch to work with you is not as popular as in some other countries, although it is also an option.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #17 - ARE YOU HAVI NG TROUBLE DECI DING ON DINNER I N FI NLAND? 10 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #18 Making a Complaint in Finnish

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar 13 Cultural Insight

# 18

1. Jukka: Anteeksi, tarjoilija!

2. Työntekijä: Aivan, miten voin auttaa?

3. Jukka: Tilasin tämän omenapiirakan lämpimänä. Tämä on aivan liian viileä.

4. Työntekijä: Ai niinkö... pahoittelen. Vaihdan sen teille uudeksi annokseksi.

5. Jukka: Minulle riittäisi kyllä, jos vain lämmitätte sen.

6. Työntekijä: Vaniljakastike on kuitenkin parempaa viileänä, ja menisi lämmittämisestä rakeiseksi.

7. Jukka: Ahaa. No, selvä on.

8. ...

9. Työntekijä: Kas näin, tässä uusi pala omenapiirakkaa uunituoreena.

10. Jukka: Kiitos!

11. Työntekijä: Ja erehdyksemme vuoksi tarjoamme piirakan ilmaiseksi.

ENGLISH

1. Jukka: Excuse me, waiter!

2. Employee: Right, how can I help you?

3. Jukka: I ordered this apple pie as warm. This is way too cold.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 2 4. Employee: Oh really... My apologies. I will change it to a new portion for you.

5. Jukka: It would be enough for me if you just re-heat it.

6. Employee: But the vanilla sauce is, however, better when it's cold, and it would turn grainy from the heating.

7. Jukka: Oh. Well, okay then.

8. ...

9. Employee: Here you go, a new piece of apple pie fresh from the oven.

10. Jukka: Thank you!

11. Employee: And due to our error, we are offering this pie free of charge.

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

tarjoilija waiter noun

lämmin warm adjective

viileä cold, cool adjective

pahoitella to apologize, to regret verb

annos portion, dish, dose noun

riittää to be enough verb

rakeinen grainy adjective

fresh from the oven, red- uunituore hot adjective

tarjota to offer verb

ilmainen free, free of charge adjective

SAMPLE SENTENCES FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 3 Tarjoilija näyttää kiireiseltä. En voi uskoa, miten tyly tämän

paikan tarjoilija on! "The waiter looks busy." "I can't believe how rude the waiter is at this place!"

Sisällä on ihanan lämmintä. Pue lämpimät vaatteet, ulkona

on kylmä. "It's wonderfully warm inside." "Put on warm clothes, it's cold out there."

Ulkona on hieman viileää. Ulkona alkaa olla jo viileää.

"It's a little bit chilly outside." "It's starting to get cold outside."

Hän pahoitteli virhettään. Tämä annos on minulle aivan

liian suuri. "She apologized for her mistake." "This portion is way too big for me."

Rahani eivät riitä uuteen Harmi, että valokuvat ovat takkiin. aivan rakeisia.

"I don’t have enough money f or a "It's a shame that the photos are new coat." all grainy."

Tarjolla on uunituoretta Saanko tarjota teille drinkin? omenapiirakkaa. "May I of f er you a drink?" "Apple pie fresh from the oven is being served."

He eivät tarjonneet tarpeeksi. Poikaystäväni tarjosi minulle

illallisen. "They didn't offer enough." "My boyfriend offered me dinner."

Ensimmäinen oppitunti on ilmainen.

"The first lesson is free of charge."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 4 omenapiirakka "apple pie"

The word omenapiirakka is made out of two parts; the noun omena for "apple" and noun piirakka, for "pie."

You can use this word whenever referring to an apple pie. When you want to refer to another kind of pie, you can replace the noun omena, "apple," with another noun. For example mustikkapiirakka, "blueperry pie." If you want to say cake, you should use the word kakku instead.

For example:

1. Huomenna leivon herkullista omenapiirakkaa. "Tomorrow I shall bake some delicious apple pie." kas näin "here you go, like this"

The phrase kas näin is made up of two words: the interjection kas, having a similar meaning to "oh," "well," or "why" and adverb näin, meaning "like this," "this way," or "thus."

You can use this phrase when giving something to someone when they have been expecting it, or when showing someone how to do something, as in Kas näin leivotaan omenapiirakka. ("Now this is how you bake an apple pie.") The phrase is also used in fairy tales and poems to express and underline how something is happening or has happened: Kas näin heiluu hattu meaning "So like this, the hat is swaying." When you are giving something to someone (and especially if they may have not been expecting it) it is often more advisable to use the more common phrase ole hyvä or olkaa hyvä, "here you go" or "you're welcome," instead. Kas näin is, however, a nice alternative.

The first word of this phrase, kas, is an exclamation that can be used on its own as well, when you are surprised or when you find something.

For example:

1. Kas näin, omenapiirakka on valmis. "And like this, the apple pie is ready." uunituore "fresh from the oven, red-hot"

The word uunituore is made up of two parts; the noun uuni for "oven," and the noun tuore, for "fresh."

You can use this word to express that a food is freshly made, and perhaps also still warm or hot. This word is used for edible products that are heated up when preparing them, and most usually for products that are prepared in an oven. For

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 5 other kind of dishes you can use simply the word tuore, "fresh," or the phrase juuri tehty or juuri valmistettu, "just made."

For example:

1. Kissa söi uunituoreen piirakan kokonaan. "The cat ate the entire red-hot pie."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Complaining About the Service or Quality at a Restaurant and using the Essive and the Translative Case Tilasin tämän omenapiirakan lämpimänä. Tämä on aivan liian viileä. "I ordered this apple pie as warm. T his is way too cold."

1. Complaints

Unfortunately, sometimes you may encounter situations where you have to make a complaint and demand compensation. In a restaurant environment, it's useful to know some certain expressions and adjectives in order to do that.

In our lesson, Jukka was not happy with the apple pie he received, as it was too cold. He said:

Tilasin tämän omenapiirakan lämpimänä. Tämä on aivan liian viileä. "I ordered this apple pie as warm. This is way too cold."

He used the essiivi, "essive case," and the translatiivi, "translative case" in this sentence. We will learn later how to use these. First, have a look at some useful expressions in order to make complaints:

To be polite, you should always start your sentence with anteeksi, "excuse me."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 6 Finnish English

Ruokani on kylmää. "My food is cold."

Ruokani on raakaa. "My food is raw/uncooked."

Tämä ei ole kypsää. "This is not (properly) cooked."

Tämä on ylikypsää. "This is over-done."

Tämä on palanut. "This is burnt."

En tilannut tätä, tilasin... "I did not order this, I ordered..."

Tilasin juomani ilman jäitä. "I ordered my drink without ice."

Tilasin juomani jäillä. "I ordered my drink with ice."

Tilasin pihvin kypsänä. "I ordered my steak as well-done."

Tilasin pihvin puolikypsänä. "I ordered my steak as medium."

Tilasimme yli puoli tuntia siten. "We ordered over half an hour ago."

Ruokani/juomani maistuu "My food/my drink tastes strange." kummalliselta. "We haven't received ...yet." Emme ole vielä saaneet... "One dish is missing." Yksi ruokalaji puuttuu. "This is dirty." Tämä on likainen.

2. T he Essive Case

The grammatical case called essiivi, "essive," answers the questions "as what?," "how?" and "when?" In a restaurant you could use this case, for example, when explaining how you would like to receive your food.

1. Haluaisin pihvini puolikypsänä. "I would like to have my steak (as) medium-rare."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 7 2. Tilasin kolme kahvia mustana. "I ordered three black coffees." (lit."I ordered three coffees as black.")

You form the essive case by adding the ending -na or -nä to the vowel-ending stem of the word. Like with illative case, we use the strong stem with the essive case.

Formation

See the table below for a few words in the essive case.

Nominative Stems Essive English

lapsi lapse-, las- lapse-na "child, as a child "

aikuinen aikuise-, aikuis- aikuise-na "adult, as an adult"

pieni piene-, pien- piene-nä "small, as small"

helppo helppo- (helpo-) helppo-na "easy, as easy"

asia asia- asia-na "matter/issue, as matter/as issue"

kukka kukka- (kuka-) kukka-na "flower, as flower"

opettaja opettaja- opettaja-na "teacher, as teacher"

oppilas oppilaa-, oppilas- oppilaa-na "pupil, as pupil"

käsi käte- (käde-), kät- käte-nä "hand, as hand"

Using the essive:

"As what?"

Using the essive in this sense expresses:

1. The role or the position of the subject or the object in a sentence.

Hän on kokkina suuressa ravintolassa. "He works as a chef in a big restaurant."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 8 Ravintola oli niin täynnä, että jouduimme käyttämään laatikoita tuoleina. "The restaurant was so full that we had to use boxes as chairs."

2. The opinion of the speaker:

Minä pidän häntä mukavana ihmisenä. "I consider him as a nice person." / "I think he's a nice person."

Meitä pidettiin sopivina ehdokkaina tehtävään. "We were considered as suitable candidates for the job."/"They thought we were suitable candidates for the job."

3. Expressing time:

Pidin kalasta lapsena, mutta en enää. "I liked fish as a child, but not anymore."

Olin aika villi nuorena. "I was quite wild when I was young."

"How?"

Using the essive in this sense expresses the state or feelings of the subject or the object in a sentence:

He söivät ruokansa tyytyväisinä. "They ate their food with satisfaction." (lit."They ate their food as satisfied")

En ollut eilen töissä, koska olin sairaana. "I wasn't at work yesterday, because I was sick." (lit."I wasn't at work yesterday, because I was as sick.")

"When?"

Using the essive in this sense expresses when something happens or happened. weekdays, holidays: maanantaina, sunnuntaina, viikonloppuna, vappuna, jouluna.. "on Monday, on Sunday, on the weekend, on May Day, at Christmas..." years:

Minä vuonna ravintola on perustettu? "In which year was this restaurant established?"

Olen syntynyt vuonna 1970. "I was born in the year 1970."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 9 "last," "next," "this" + essive:

Viime kesänä, tänä talvena, ensi keväänä, viime viikonloppuna, tänä yönä... summer, this winter, next spring, last weekend, this night..."

But remember exceptions:

Viime viikolla, ensi kuussa.. "Last week, next month..."

Let's review some examples we had in the lesson:

1. Kas näin, tässä uusi pala omenapiirakkaa uunituoreena. "Here you go, a new piece of apple pie fresh from the oven."

This sentence expresses the quality of the apple pie, how it is: uunituoreena, "as fresh from the oven."

1. Vaniljakastike on kuitenkin parempaa viileänä, ja menisi lämmittämisestä rakeiseksi. "But the vanilla sauce is, however, better when it's cold, and it would turn grainy from the heating."

This sentence is also expressing a quality, how, in what kind of state the vanilla sauce is better: viileänä, "as cold." This sentence has also another case, in the word rakeiseksi, "grainy." This case is called translatiivi, the translative case. Let's have a look at that next!

3. T he Translative Case

The translative case answers the questions "to what?," "to what kind?," "to which?," "to who?," "for how long a time?" and expresses what the subject or object is changing to or has changed to. The translative case is formed by adding the -ksi ending to the stem of the word.

Formation

Stem of the word + ksi

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 10 Nominative Stem Translative English mies miehe- mieheksi "man" nainen naise- naiseksi "woman" lounas lounaa- lounaaksi "lunch" illallinen illallise- illalliseksi "dinner" aamupala aamupala- aamupalaksi "breakfast" alku alu- aluksi "beginning" loppu lopu- lopuksi "end"

Using the translative:

1. When you want to express "to what" or "to what kind" the subject or the object is changing to or has changed to:

Voitko vaihtaa tämän annoksen uudeksi? "Can you exchange this portion for a new one?"

Hän kouluttautui kokiksi. "He trained to be a chef."

2. When you are using the verbs luulla ("to think"), tuntea ("to f eel"), sanoa ("to say"), ehdottaa ("to suggest"), kutsua ("to call"), kuvitella ("to imagine"):

Luulin tätä annosta pienemmäksi. "I thought this portion was smaller."

Tunsin itseni vanhaksi. "I felt myself old."

Häntä sanotaan kaupungin parhaimmaksi baarimikoksi. "They call him the best bartender in town."

Saanko ehdottaa mustikkajäätelöä jälkiruoaksi? "May I suggest the blueberry ice-cream as dessert?"

Keittoa kutsutaan myös sopaksi. "Soup is also called broth."

Kuvittelin tämän annoksen isommaksi. "I imagined this portion would be bigger."

3. When you are expressing time:

For how long:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 11 Lähdin ulkomaille kahdeksi kuukaudeksi. "I went abroad for two months."

Mennään rannalle koko päiväksi! "Let's go to the beach for the whole day!"

By when:

Tein ravintolaan varauksen kuudeksi. "I made a reservation at the restaurant for six (o'clock)."

Lapset lupasivat tulla kotiin viideksi. "The kids promised to come home by 5 (o'clock)."

In which order:

Otamme ensimmäiseksi rapusalaattia. "We will have the crab salad first."

Aluksi tarjoilemme kuohuviiniä ja sitten kahvia. "We will serve sparkling wine first, and then coffee."

Suklaakakku syödään viimeiseksi. "The chocolate cake will be eaten last."

Seuraavaksi tilataan pitsaa. "Next we shall order some pizza."

4. When you want to express in what language something is:

Kirjoitin keittokirjan englanniksi. "I wrote a cook book in English."

Ruokalista on ainoastaan japaniksi. "The menu is only in Japanese."

There were a few sentences in the lesson where the translative was used:

1. Vaihdan sen teille uudeksi annokseksi. "I will change it to a new portion for you."

2. Erehdyksemme vuoksi tarjoamme piirakan ilmaiseksi. "Due to our error, we are offering the pie free of charge."

3. Vaniljakastike on kuitenkin parempaa viileänä, ja menisi lämmittämisestä rakeiseksi. "But the vanilla sauce is, however, better when it's cold, and it would turn grainy from the heating."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 12 Examples from the dialogue:

1. Vaniljakastike on kuitenkin parempaa viileänä, ja menisi lämmittämisestä rakeiseksi. "But the vanilla sauce is, however, better when it's cold, and it would turn grainy from the heating."

2. Kas näin, tässä uusi pala omenapiirakkaa uunituoreena. "Here you go, a new piece of apple pie fresh from the oven."

Sample Sentences

1. Muutuin kateudesta vihreäksi, kun näin hänen uuden asuntonsa. "I became green with envy when I saw her new apartment."

2. Kokeneena työntekijänä olen sitä mieltä, että voimme tehdä töitä myös sunnuntaina, ja saada työn valmiiksi maanantaiksi. "As an experienced employer I think that we can also work on Sunday and finish the work by Monday."

3. En pidä tämän kakun mausta, ja haluan vaihtaa täytteen mansikkahilloksi. "I don't like the taste of this cake, and I want to change the filling to strawberry jam."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Seasonal Dishes

Eating food in accordance with the season does good not only for your wallet, but also for the environment.

There are four very distinct seasons in Finland, and therefore also seasonal ingredients and dishes.

In the spring, after the snow has melted and all of the plants are starting their growing season, the first seasonal vegetables are for example nettle, radish, and rhubarb. False morels are also valued as a special delicacy, although you have to take extra care when preparing them, as they are highly poisonous if you don't process them correctly.

Potatoes are the most delicious in summertime, when they are fresh and new. Many

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 13 Finns enjoy these small, tender potatoes with dill fresh from the garden, and smoked or steamed fish, which they may have just caught in a lake by themselves.

Summer is also the best time for other herbs, salads, vegetables, and especially delicious strawberries.

Summer ends with the crayfish season, which usually starts at the end of July or beginning of August, and continues until October.

Autumn brings many delicious berries, fruits, and vegetables. Forests and bogs will offer cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, cloudberries and many kinds of mushrooms, like yellowfoots, chanterelles, black trumpets, wood hedgehogs, and boletes. Finnish boletes are especially popular in Italy, where they are exported every year.

In Finland, there is the jokamiehenoikeus, "everyman's right," which allows everyone to pick berries and mushrooms from the forests for free, without limitations. Only the picking of cloudberry may be sometimes temporarily restricted in some areas in Lapland.

Autumn is also the time for apples, prunes, and many vegetables and root vegetables.

Game, freshwater fish, and reindeer are traditionally good and delicious sources of protein. As there are legal limitations as to when the game can be hunted, the fresh meat is also a seasonal delicacy. Most of the animals can be hunted in late autumn.

Game is a sustainable and ecological option to mass-produced meat. Popular wild animals to be hunted and eaten are moose, deer, willow grouse, black grouse, brown hare and capercaillie, and also bears. Reindeer meat is also very popular, and can be considered game as the reindeers roam freely, although they are the property of reindeer grazing associations.

Winter is a time for root vegetables, potatoes, and dried beans and peas, as they will stay good throughout the winter when kept in cool places. Also many preserved food items, such as jams, juices, and pickles are eaten.

Freshwater fish can be fished throughout the year, even during the winter. It is a common sight to see fishermen doing ice fishing over frozen lakes in the winter.

There are many restaurants specializing in seasonal, locally produced Finnish food. Next time you are in Finland, why not go and try some?

Useful expression:

1. jokamiehenoikeus "everyman's right"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #18 - MAKING A COMPLAI NT I N FI NNIS H 14 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #19 A Diﬀerent Kind of Finnish Store

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar 9 Cultural Insight

# 19

1. Haastattelija: Hyvät kuulijat, meillä on tänään vieraana Linnea Virtanen, joka on avannut uuden vaateliikkeen kaupunkiimme.

2. Haastattelija: Myymälässäsi on uudenlainen konsepti. Kerrotko ideastasi hiukan lisää, Linnea?

3. Linnea: Toki. Meille tuleva asiakas ei välttämättä halua sijoittaa paljoa rahaa pukeutumiseen, mutta pitää kuitenkin laadukkaista vaatteista.

4. Haastattelija: Eli teiltä laadukkaita vaatteita etsivä asiakas voi vuokrata vaatteen tietyksi ajaksi?

5. Linnea: Kyllä, näin on ja vaatteisiin tykästyvä asiakas voi myös lunastaa vaatteen itselleen.

6. Haastattelija: Tämän kaltaisia liikkeitä on tosin ollut ennenkin. Mitä muuta erikoista liikkeessänne on?

7. Linnea: Vaatteistaan eroon haluavat asiakkaat voivat myös tarjota meille omia vaatteitaan myytäväksi tai vuokrattavaksi.

8. Haastattelija: Vaatekaappiaan siivoava asiakas voi siis hyödyntää palveluitanne. Kätevää!

9. Linnea: Aivan.

10. Haastattelija: Kiitos haastattelusta!

11. Linnea: Kiitos!

ENGLISH

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #19 - A DIFFERENT KIND OF FI NNIS H S TORE 2 1. Interviewer: Dear listeners, today we have a guest, Linnea Virtanen, who has opened a new clothing store in our city.

2. Interviewer: There is a new kind of concept in your store. Can you tell us a little bit more about your idea, Linnea?

3. Linnea: Sure. A customer who is coming to us may not want to invest that much money into dressing, but they nevertheless like quality clothes.

4. Interviewer: So a customer who is looking for good quality clothes from you can rent a piece of a clothing for a certain amount of time?

5. Linnea: Yes, that's right, and a customer who finds herself fond of the clothes can also claim the garment for herself.

6. Interviewer: However, these kinds of stores have existed before as well. What else is special about your store?

7. Linnea: Customers who are wanting to get rid of their own clothes can also offer us clothes to be sold or to be rented.

8. Interviewer: So a customer who is tidying up her wardrobe can take advantage of your services. Convenient!

9. Linnea: Exactly.

10. Interviewer: Thank you for the interview!

11. Linnea: Thank you!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

vaateliike clothing store noun

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #19 - A DIFFERENT KIND OF FI NNIS H S TORE 3 uudenlainen new kind, novel adjective

konsepti concept noun

sijoittaa to invest, to place verb

pukeutuminen dressing noun

vuokrata to rent verb

lunastaa to redeem verb

hyödyntää to take advantage of verb

palvelu service noun

haastattelu interview noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Naapuriin on avattu uusi Tämä on aivan uudenlainen vaateliike. ajattelutapa.

"A new clothing store has been "This is a whole new kind of way opened next door." to think."

Tuotteen konsepti on Henkilökunta sijoitti uudet suurenmoinen. tuotteet pääsisäänkäynnin

lähelle. "The concept of the product is magnif icent." "The staff placed the new products close to the main entrance."

Setäni sijoittaa kaikki rahansa Teeman mukaan pukeutuminen osakkeisiin. on toivottavaa.

"My uncle invests all of his money "Dressing according to the theme into stocks." is wished for."

Vuokraan pienen auton. Ajattelimme vuokrata auton

Suomessa. "I will rent a little car." "We are thinking of renting a car in Finland."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #19 - A DIFFERENT KIND OF FI NNIS H S TORE 4 Jos lainattu tuote menee rikki, Voit hyödyntää kielitaitoasi asiakkaan täytyy lunastaa se. loman aikana!

"If the borrowed item is broken, "You must take advantage of your the customer must redeem it." language skills during the holiday!"

Täällä on todella huono palvelu. Radiossa oli aamulla

mielenkiintoinen haastattelu. "There is really bad service here." "There was an interesting interview on the radio this morning."

Onnea huomiseen haastatteluusi!

"Good luck with your job interview tomorrow!"

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE vaateliike "clothing store"

The word vaateliike is made up of two parts; the noun vaate for "garment" and the noun liike, for "business."

You can use this word when referring to a shop selling clothes.

You can also use the word vaatekauppa for a "clothing store." You can also replace the noun vaate with another noun to form the words for other kinds of shops. For example, kenkäliike or kenkäkauppa is a "shoe store," and koruliike is a "jewellery store."

For example:

1. Haluaisin joskus omistaa vaateliikkeen. "Some day I would love to own a clothing store." uudenlainen "new kind, novel"

The adjective uudenlainen, "new kind" or "novel," is derived from the adjective uusi, "new." The suffix -lainen refers to the English "kind of."

You can use this word when saying something is of a new kind. When you want to underline that something is new, not a new kind of something, you should use the

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #19 - A DIFFERENT KIND OF FI NNIS H S TORE 5 adjective uusi, "new."

For example:

1. Tämä on aivan uudenlainen ajattelutapa. "This is a completely new way of thinking." hyödyntää "to take advantage of"

The verb hyödyntää, "to take advantage of," derives from the noun hyöty, "advantage."

You can use this verb when you are saying someone or something is taking advantage of or utilizing something.

For example:

1. Hyödynsin tähteet ja tein niistä keittoa. "I utilized the leftovers and made soup from them."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is the Verb Participle Form; the VA- participle Toki. Meille tuleva asiakas ei välttämättä halua sijoittaa paljoa rahaa pukeutumiseen, mutta pitää kuitenkin laadukkaista vaatteista. "Sure. A customer who is coming to us may not want to invest that much money into dressing, but they nevertheless like quality clothes."

Va- partisiippi: T he present participle active, VA-participle

There are some verb forms in Finnish that are used and conjugated in a similar way to adjectives. These forms are called participles.

The active present participle is used as an adjective, and it ends with -va.

These forms can be relatively often heard in the media, as it's a form that is used when reporting something. When you learn them, your understanding of radio or tv broadcasts will improve.

T he VA-participle is expressing an action that is:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #19 - A DIFFERENT KIND OF FI NNIS H S TORE 6 1. Generally applicable:

Nukkuva lapsi on suloinen. ("A sleeping child is adorable.")

2. Happening in the future:

Ensi viikolla alkava äänestys tulee olemaan tiukka. ("The voting beginning next week will be tough.")

3. Happening at the moment of speaking:

Minne vaatteita etsivä asiakas voi mennä? ("Where can a customer looking for clothes go?")

Replacing subclauses that start with joka - "which"

With the va-participle you can also replace subclauses (relative clauses), that start with joka ("which" or "who"):

Lapsi, joka itkee ("a child who cries")

Itkevä lapsi ("a crying child")

Odotushuone oli täynnä ihmisiä, jotka nukkuivat. ("The waiting room was full of people who were sleeping.")

Odotushuone oli täynnä nukkuvia ihmisiä. ("The waiting room was full of sleeping people.")

Replacing subclauses that start with että - "that"

You can also use the va- participle in a sentence structure that replaces subclauses which start with että, "that":

Kuulin, että hän saapuu huomenna. ("I heard that she arrives tomorrow.")

Kuulin hänen saapuvan huomenna. ("I heard that she arrives tomorrow.")

Uskon, että liike menestyy hyvin. ("I believe that the business will be a success.")

Uskon liikkeen menestyvän hyvin. ("I believe that the business will be a success.")

Notice, however, that in these sentences, both the pronoun and the participle are in the genitive case.

Forming the va-participle

The va-participle is formed by erasing the t from the verb's third person plural:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #19 - A DIFFERENT KIND OF FI NNIS H S TORE 7 (he) lukevat ("they are reading") → lukeva ("a reading..")

(he) tulevat ("they are coming") → tuleva ("a coming...")

You must remember though, that the olla, "to be," verb is an exception.

The va-participle for this verb is oleva.

(he) ovat ("they are") -→ oleva ("a being..")

Raskaana oleva nainen. - "A pregnant woman." (essive case)

Liitteenä oleva kuva. - "The picture as an attachment." (essive case) ("picture being as an attachment")

Case Endings

As the va-participle behaves like an adjective, it can have all case endings in singular and in plural.

Note:

Also notice that while the adjectives kiva ("nice"), mukava ("nice"), kova ("hard") and lihava ("fat") do end with -va, they are merely adjectives and don't have anything to do with participles.

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Kyllä, näin on ja vaatteisiin tykästyvä asiakas voi myös lunastaa vaatteen itselleen. "Yes, that's right, and a customer who finds herself fond of the clothes can also claim the garment for herself."

2. Vaatteistaan eroon haluavat asiakkaat voivat myös tarjota meille omia vaatteitaan myytäväksi tai vuokrattavaksi. "Customers who are wishing to get rid of their own clothes can also offer us their own clothes to be sold or to be rented."

Sample Sentences

1. Tämä lomakohde on sopiva rauhaa kaipaaville asiakkaille. "This holiday destination is suitable for customers longing for tranquility."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #19 - A DIFFERENT KIND OF FI NNIS H S TORE 8 2. Itkevä lapsi saattaa olla vain väsynyt. "A crying child may be only tired."

3. Etelään muuttavat linnut palaavat takaisin keväällä. "Birds migrating to the south return in the spring time."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Renting Services in Finland

You don't always have to buy everything—you can borrow or rent things. There are many ways to borrow or rent items in Finland.

One of the most common places to borrow items is the library.

Churches and monasteries would have had the earliest book collections in Finland, and the library of the Royal Academy of Turku was established in 1640. However, this library was not open to everyone.

The first library in Finland that would lend books to every citizen was established in 1794 in the city of Vaasa. Libraries started to spread from the nineteenth century, and since 1921, libraries have received funding from the government. Currently, there are 693 library units in Finland, which includes for 291 public central libraries, 147 mobile libraries, and also 1 library boat!

Citizens can borrow materials for free for a certain period of time, and this includes not only books, magazines, and CDs; nowadays, you can also borrow board games, sports equipment, or even musical instruments, like the ukulele or the kantele, a traditional Finnish instrument.

There are also online services through which people can lend their belongings to other people, or people who temporarily need something can just borrow it for the time they need. The services are popular, especially for camping equipment like tents and sleeping bags, and household tools and machines.

Some services specialize in lending clothes and supplies to families with newborn babies or toddlers.

An interesting option are the so called "time banks," where people trade their time and skills. One can weed a garden in exchange for having a car washed, or give language lessons in exchange for having a fence painted, for example.

When you are in need of new clothes for a special occasion, or you would just like

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #19 - A DIFFERENT KIND OF FI NNIS H S TORE 9 to wear something nice and new, one option is to purchase a membership at a clothes lending service. Members can borrow designer clothes and accessories for a certain amount of time in exchange for a monthly membership fee.

Useful expression:

1. kirjasto, kirjastokortti "library," "library card"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #19 - A DIFFERENT KIND OF FI NNIS H S TORE 10 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #20 A Great Business Idea in Finland

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar 12 Cultural Insight

# 20

1. Heikki: Kuulin haastattelusi radiossa! Melko jännittävä bisnesidea.

2. Linnea: Kiitos!

3. Heikki: Mutta miten tämä voi kannattaa?

4. Linnea: No, ensinnäkin kauppa tiedetään jo melko hyvin. Saan yrityksiltä mallikappaleita ja sesongin viimeisiä vaatekappaleita edullisesti.

5. Heikki: Eivätkö asiakkaat halua omistaa vaatteita?

6. Linnea: Kyllä, joskus, ja sekin onnistuu kyllä. Täältä kuitenkin haetaan vaatteita usein erityisiä tilanteita varten.

7. Heikki: Eikö vuokraaminen ole kallista?

8. Linnea: Asiakkaille tulee edullisemmaksi, kun he voivat vuokrata vaatteen ostamisen sijaan.

9. Heikki: Aivan.. kuulostaa hyvältä.

10. Linnea: Huoltokustannukset ovat tietysti suhteellisen korkeat, mutta huoltamisella vältetään vaatteiden kuluminen.

11. Heikki: Hienoa. No, toivottavasti kauppa käy!

ENGLISH

1. Heikki: I heard your interview on the radio! Quite an exciting business idea.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 2 2. Linnea: Thank you!

3. Heikki: But how can this be profitable?

4. Linnea: Well, first of all, the shop is quite well known already. I get samples and the last pieces of the season from companies for an inexpensive price.

5. Heikki: Don't the customers want to own the clothes?

6. Linnea: Yes, sometimes, and they can do that too. However, they are usually here seeking clothes for special occasions.

7. Heikki: Isn't renting expensive?

8. Linnea: It becomes more affordable for the customers when they can rent a garment instead of buying it.

9. Heikki: Right...sounds good.

10. Linnea: The maintenance costs are of course relatively high, but with maintenance we can avoid the clothes wearing out.

11. Heikki: Great. Well, I hope the business goes well!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

bisnesidea business idea noun

to support, to be kannattaa profitable, to be worth verb the trouble

tietää to know verb

mallikappale sample, model noun

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 3 sesonki season noun

garment, a piece of vaatekappale clothing noun

omistaa to own verb

hakea to seek verb

erityinen special adjective

huoltaa to maintain verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Olen kehitellyt uutta Kännykkäpelien suunnittelusta bisnesideaa. on tullut kannattava bisnes.

"I have been developing a new "Designing mobile games has business idea." become a profitable business."

Ei sinne enää kannata mennä. Emme tule luultavasti koskaan

tietämään tämän tavan "It’s no use going there any alkuperää. longer." "We will probably never know the origins of this habit."

Olen tietänyt sen ravintolan T iedän, kuka on Suomen pitkään. presidentti.

"I have known that restaurant for "I know who is the President of a long time." Finland."

En tiedä hänen nimeään. Rakensin mallikappaletta koko

viikonlopun. "I don't know his/her name." "I was building the model throughout the weekend."

Sesongit vaihtuvat nykyään Kuinka monta vaatekappaletta liiankin usein. omistat?

"Seasons change almost too "How many garments do you of ten nowadays." own?"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 4 Serkkuni omistaa hevosia. Riippuvuuteen täytyy hakea

apua. "My cousin owns some horses." "You must seek help for an addiction."

Tämä esine on todella Huomenna on erityinen päivä. erityinen. "It is a special day tomorrow." "This object is truly special."

Kohta pitää huoltaa taas polkupyörät.

"Soon one must maintain the bikes again."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE bisnesidea "business idea"

The word bisnesidea is made out of two parts; the noun bisnes for "business," and noun idea, for "idea." The word is a loanword from English.

You can use this word whenever talking about a business idea.

For example:

1. Tämä bisnesidea vaatii vielä kehittelyä. "This business idea still requires further development." mallikappale "sample"

The word mallikappale is made up of two parts; the noun malli for "model," and the noun kappale for "piece" or "item." Therefore literally the word could be translated as "model item."

You can use this word when referring to a sample of some kind, although usually this word is used for non-edible items. If you want to refer to a sample that is being eaten or drunk, you can use the word maistiainen, "taster," or näyte, "sample," instead.

For example:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 5 1. Rakennamme aina mallikappaleet ennen tuotannon aloittamista. "We always build samples before starting the production."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Using Some Business Vocabulary and Using the Passive in the Present Tense Mutta miten tämä voi kannattaa? "But how can this be profitable?"

Passiivin preesens - The Passive Present Tense

The passive present tense is used when we don't know or don't need to express the subject, i.e. who is doing something. In English this type of sentences usually have "you" or "we" as subject, referring to people in general or "one."

We had some examples in the lesson:

1. Kauppa tiedetään jo melko hyvin. "The shop is quite well known already.

2. Täältä haetaan vaatteita erityisiä tilanteita varten. literally: "Clothes for special occasions are often sought from here."

In modern spoken language, the passive is also used together with the me, "we," pronoun:

Me mennään huomenna ostoksille. (passive present tense, spoken language)

"We are going shopping tomorrow."

vs.

Me menemme huomenna ostoksille. (normal present tense, grammatically correct)

"We are going shopping tomorrow."

1. Verb Type 1

To form the passive present tense for verb type 1, you need to first find the heikko vartalo, the "weak stem of the verb." The weak stem is the same form as in the minä, "I," form in the present tense, minus the -n ending.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 6 When the last letter of the stem is either a or ä, it must be removed and replaced by e.

Finally, you add -taan or tään to form the passive present tense.

Passive Present Tense Verb Inf initive

Weak Stem 1st Singular,

Present Tense haetaan ("is

hakea ("to seek," fetched")

"to get," 'to haen hae- fetch") puhutaan ("is

puhua ("to puhun talked") puhu- speak," "to talk")

aloittaa ('to aloitan aloitetaan ("is aloita- begin") sovitan begun") sovita- sovittaa ("to try omistan sovitetaan ("is omista- on") tiedän tried on") tiedä- omistaa ("to omistetaan ("is own") owned") tietää ("to know") tiedetään ("is known")

2. Verb Types 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6

Forming the passive present tense for these verb types is easy.

Basically you take the infinitive of the verb and add the ending -an or -än.

Verb Inf initive Passive Present Tense

viedä ("to take") viedään ("is taken") opiskella ("to study") opiskellaan ("is studied") tavata ("to meet") tavataan ("is met") valita ("to choose") valitaan ("is chosen")

Forming the negative passive present tense - kielteinen passiivi

To form the negative passive present tense, you need to remove the -an or -än from the end of the verb, and add the negation ei, "no," in front of it.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 7 Passive Present Tense Negative Passive Present Tense viedään ("to take") ei viedä ("is not taken") opiskellaan ("to study") ei opiskella ("is not studied") tavataan ("to meet") ei tavata ("is not met") valitaan ("to choose") ei valita ("is not chosen") sovitetaan ("is tried on") ei soviteta ("is not tried on") omistetaan ("is owned") ei omisteta ("is not owned")

3. Business and Work Vocabulary

When you want to talk about how brilliant your business idea is, i.e. when you want to give the pros and cons of a business strategy, it's good to know some business- related phrases and vocabulary.

We had a few examples in the lesson:

1. No, ensinnäkin kauppa tiedetään jo melko hyvin. "Well, first of all, the shop is quite well known already."

Ensinnäkin, "first of all," which is a good word to start a sentence with and catch people's attention.

1. Saan yrityksiltä mallikappaleita ja sesongin viimeisiä vaatekappaleita edullisesti. "I get samples and the last pieces of the season from companies for an inexpensive price."

Edullinen, "inexpensive," can also mean "profitable." If you can get raw materials, contracts and so on for your company for an inexpensive price, it's definitely a good point you might want to express. Saan...... edullisesti, "I get...... for an inexpensive price."

1. Asiakkaille tulee edullisemmaksi, kun he voivat vuokrata vaatteen ostamisen sijaan. "It becomes more affordable for the customers when they can rent a garment instead of buying it."

The same word edullinen, "inexpensive," "affordable," or "profitable," is also used here. A good sentence to know is asiakkaille tulee edullisemmaksi, "it becomes more affordable for the customers."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 8 Finnish English ensinnäkin "first of all" sijasta, asemasta "instead of" kuitenkin "however" suhteellinen "relative" suhteellisen "relatively" mutta "but" hakulomake "application form" tapaaminen "appointment" ansioluettelo "CV" työnkuva "job description" haastattelu "interview" työtarjous "job offer" pätevyys "qualifications" omistaja "owner" toimitusjohtaja "managing director" johtaja "manager" esimies "director" pomo "boss" kollega "colleague" harjoittelija "trainee" oppipoika "apprentice" vapaaehtoinen "volunteer" työ "job"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 9 ura "career" osa-aikainen "part-time" päätoiminen "full-time" vuorotyö "temporary" väliaikainen "shift work" sopimus "contract" pysyvä "permanent" irtisanomisaika "notice period" tulospalkkio "bonus" autoetu "car allowance" lomaraha "holiday pay" lomaoikeus "holiday entitlement"

äitiysloma "maternity leave" ylityö "overtime" isyysloma "paternity leave" ylennys "promotion" kuukausipalkka "salary" palkankorotus "salary increase, pay raise" koulutusohjelma "training scheme" irtisanoutua "to resign" jäädä eläkkeelle "to retire" saada potkut "to get fired" tarpeeton "redundant" irtisanominen tarpeettomana "redundancy"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 10 osasto "department" kokemus "experience" tehdas "factory" työharjoittelu "internship" kokous "meeting" toimisto "office" vastaanotto "reception" vastaanottoapulainen "receptionist" kytkintaulu "switchboard" ammattiliitto "trade union" itsensä työllistävä "self-employed" työtön "unemployed" yrittäjä, yksityisyrittäjä "entrepreneur"

Examples from the dialogue:

1. No, ensinnäkin kauppa tiedetään jo melko hyvin. Saan yrityksiltä mallikappaleita ja sesongin viimeisiä vaatekappaleita edullisesti. "Well, first of all, the shop is quite well known already. I get samples and the last pieces of the season from companies for an inexpensive price."

2. Kyllä, joskus, ja sekin onnistuu kyllä. Täältä kuitenkin haetaan vaatteita usein erityisiä tilanteita varten. "Yes, sometimes, and they can do that too. However, they are usually seeking clothes for special occasions from here."

Sample Sentences

1. Kokouksessa päätetään ensi vuoden budjetti. "The budget for next year will be decided in the meeting."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 11 2. Kehityskeskustelussa käydään läpi työntekijän onnistumiset ja epäonnistumiset. "Employees' successes and failures are reviewed in the development appraisal."

3. Päivän aluksi pidetään aina aamupalaveri. "A morning meeting is held at the beginning of each day."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Entrepreneurship in Finland

Being an entrepreneur is an option to earn income. In Finland, approximately 9% of the work force are entrepreneurs.

Becoming an entrepreneur has its pros and cons. On the one hand, you have some amount of freedom, but you also have lots of responsibilities. Making your business successful is a challenge.

Entrepreneurs don't have a steady monthly income and they are under different social security and pension coverage systems than regular employees. The entrepreneur is also personally responsible for the business, which is why they must have the ability to tolerate risks. If the business is successful, the entrepreneur might earn much more than if they were a regular employee.

In Finland young people especially are encouraged into entrepreneurship. Nearly 450,000 jobs were lost during the recession in 1990s, and since then some actions have been taken to support new businesses.

In addition to public TE-Offices (employment and business services offices), there are services and courses that guide and help people in establishing their businesses, for example by teaching them how to do the proper paperwork and necessary calculations, helping them to plan their actions professionally, and helping them to seek funding. Such services include, for example, business incubators and centers for entrepreneurship.

Many universities are also offering courses and services for their students in order to help them to establish small companies, sometimes even during their studies.

Public funding, called starttiraha, "start-up grants," is granted to new businesses that meet certain criteria set by Public Employment and Business Services in Finland.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 12 There is a lot of paperwork, regulations, and expenses that have to be taken care of when starting a new business in Finland. For example, the value added tax, VAT, is relatively high in Finland at 24%. Each business has to pay the value added tax from their sales in addition to other taxes. This is why entrepreneurship in Finland is sometimes considered tough or challenging. On the other hand, as the regulations, expenses, and rules are clear, and the information about them is easily available, some entrepreneurs say starting your business in Finland may be smoother and easier compared to some other places, where these matters are unclear.

Useful expression:

1. työ- ja elinkeinopalvelut "public employment and business services"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #20 - A GREAT BUSI NES S I DEA I N FI NLAND 13 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #21 Which Finnish Book Would You Like to Read?

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 6 Grammar 11 Cultural Insight # 21

1. Vilja: Hei! Tervetuloa kauppaamme. Voinko olla avuksi?

2. Mies: Kiitos! Haluaisin itse asiassa katsoa suomenkielisiä romaaneja..

3. Vilja: Etsitkö jotakin tiettyä?

4. Mies: No, tulen juuri opiskelemasta, ja olemme lukemassa Sofi Oksasen kirjoja. Haluaisin tutustua muihinkin nykykirjailijoihin.

5. Vilja: Sehän on mukavaa. Opiskeletko kirjallisuutta?

6. Mies: Kyllä, tai suomalaista kulttuuria yleensä. Pidän kirjallisuudesta ja elokuvista eniten.

7. Vilja: Opiskelen itsekin kirjallisuutta! Tule, mennään katsomaan mitä meiltä löytyy.

8. Mies: Hienoa, kiitos!

9. Vilja: Olemme myös juuri laittamassa osaa kirjoista alennukseen, voimme katsoa jos löydämme sieltä jotakin.

ENGLISH

1. Vilja: Hello! Welcome to our shop. Can I be of assistance?

2. Man: Thank you! I would actually like to see some Finnish novels.

3. Vilja: Are you looking for something in particular?

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #21 - WHICH FI NNIS H BOOK WOULD YOU LI KE TO READ? 2 4. Man: Well, I'm just coming from studying, and we're reading books by Sofi Oksanen. I would like to get to know other contemporary writers as well.

5. Vilja: Well that's nice. Are you studying literature?

6. Man: Yes, and Finnish culture in general. I like literature and the cinema the most.

7. Vilja: I am studying literature myself as well! Come, let's go see what we have.

8. Man: Great, thanks!

9. Vilja: We are also just putting some of the books on sale, we can check if we can find something from there.

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

suomenkielinen Finnish adjective

romaani novel noun

tietty particular, certain adjective

lukea to read verb

tutustua to meet, to get to know verb

nykykirjailija contemporary writer noun

kulttuuri culture noun

kirjallisuus literature noun

elokuva movie noun

laittaa to put, to prepare food verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #21 - WHICH FI NNIS H BOOK WOULD YOU LI KE TO READ? 3 Sain lahjaksi suomenkielisen Romaani kertoo tarinan kylästä kirjan. ja siellä vuosisatojen varrella

asuneista ihmisistä. "I received a Finnish book as a present." "The novel tells the story of a village and the people who lived there for hundreds of years."

Romaani kertoo tarinan kylästä Eräs tietty henkilö kävi täällä ja siellä vuosisatojen varrella etsimässä sinua. asuneista ihmisistä. "A certain person came here "The novels told the story of a looking f or you." village and the people who lived in it over the centuries."

Olen pahoillani, en osaa lukea Lähettäjän nimi lukee nimeäsi. paketissa.

"I'm sorry, I don't know how to "The sender’s name is stated on read your name." the package."

Isä lukee lehden aamulla. Olen pahoillani, en osaa lukea

nimeäsi. "Dad reads the newspaper in the morning." "I'm sorry, I can't read your name." (formal)

Näkemiin, oli hauska tutustua. Haluan tutustua paremmin

nykykirjailijoiden tuotantoon. “Goodbye, it was nice to meet you.” "I would like to get to know the production of contemporary writers better."

Eri maiden kulttuurit ovat Eri maiden kulttuurit mielenkiintoisia. kiinnostavat minua.

"The cultures of different "The cultures of different countries are interesting." countries interest me."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #21 - WHICH FI NNIS H BOOK WOULD YOU LI KE TO READ? 4 Kirjallisuuden muotoja on Hän on uudessa Woody Allen- useita. elokuvassa.

"There are many different forms "He's in the new Woody Allen of literature." movie."

Me emme ole katsoneet hyvää Tässä elokuvassa on Peter elokuvaa sitten lukion. Franzén.

"We haven't watched a good "This movie features Peter movie since high school." Franzén."

Laita käsineet käteen. Laita kattila tuohon.

"Put on your gloves." "Put the stockpot there."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE suomenkielinen "Finnish"

This word is based on the phrase suomen kieli, "Finnish language," which then is based on the nouns Suomi, "Finland" and kieli, "language." The word is in the genitive form, describing someone has the ability to speak Finnish.

You can use this word when describing something is in Finnish (language), or when someone's mother tongue is Finnish. This word refers to someones or somethings ability to use the Finnish language, not nationality. Therefore, if you wish to say something or someone is Finnish, you should use the word suomalainen, "Finnish."

You can replace the part suomen, "Finland's," with the name of another language to form other versions. For example, englanninkielinen - "English" ("in the language of England"), ruotsinkielinen - "Swedish" ("in the language of Sweden").

For example:

1. Tämä elokuva on suomenkielinen, mutta siinä on tekstitys englanniksi. "This movie is Finnish, but it has subtitles in English." tietty "certain"

The word tietty, "certain," was originally a shortened version of the word tiedetty, "known."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #21 - WHICH FI NNIS H BOOK WOULD YOU LI KE TO READ? 5 Before the word was used to refer to a matter that is well known or known by the author and listeners/readers. However, it is nowadays also used to refer to a matter that is certain, but nobody knows exactly what it is. It is sometimes used in a similar way as the English "a." Sometimes it is better to use words like eräs - "certain," "one," jokin - "some" or joku -"someone" instead of tietty.

For example:

1. uhlien vuoksi täytyy tehdä tiettyjä järjestelyjä. "Because of the party certain arrangements must be made." nykykirjailija "contemporary writer"

The word nykykirjailija is made out of two parts; the prefix nyky- which means "contemporary-" and the noun kirjailija which means "writer."

This word can be used whenever referring to a "contemporary writer." When you want to say just a "writer" you can leave out the prefix nyky-. If you want to say "contemporary artist" you should say nykytaiteilija instead.

For example:

1. Kuka on suosikkisi nykykirjailijoista? "Who is your favorite among contemporary writers?"

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Expressing Actions with the ma-inf initive No, tulen juuri opiskelemasta, ja olemme lukemassa Sofi Oksasen kirjoja. Haluaisin tutustua muihinkin nykykirjailijoihin. "Well, I am just coming f rom studying, and we are reading books by Sof i Oksanen. I would like to get to know other contemporary writers as well."

The third infinitive, or the so called ma-infinitiivi, "ma-infinitive," is similar to the English verbal noun, i.e. the "-ing" form. The ma-infinitive behaves as a noun, as it can be conjugated, although with only certain cases.

Certain exclamations in the ma-infinitive are often heard, especially in families with children:

1. Syömään! "(Come) to eat!"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #21 - WHICH FI NNIS H BOOK WOULD YOU LI KE TO READ? 6 2. Nyt nukkumaan! "Now to sleep!"

3. Pyyhkimään! "(Come) to wipe (my butt)!"

Formation

The third infinitive is formed by taking the strong verb stem, i.e. the third plural stem, and adding the ending -ma or -mä, and then the locative cases (illative, inessive, elative, abessive or adessive case).

So basically you conjugate the verb in the he, "they" form, change the -vat/vät to - ma/mä, and then add the locative case (illative, inessive, elative, abessive or adessive case).

Verb 3rd Stem + - ma- Plural ma/-mä inf initive Verb Locative

Inf initive Case

ostaa ("to ostavat osta-ma ostamaan illative buy") ("to buy")

juoda ("to juovat juo-ma juomassa inessive drink") ("at drinking")

lukea ("to lukemasta read") ("from lukevat luke-ma elative reading")

kirjoittaa ("to kirjoittamatt write") a("without kirjoittavat kirjoitta-ma abessive writing")

uida ("to uivat ui-ma uimalla ("by adessive swim") swimming")

When to use the MA-inf initive

The ma-infinitive is used on different occasions, but usually when the main verb is related to the questions "where to?," "where?" and "where from?" the second verb is in the third infinitive. These are often used to maintain a natural, flowing discussion.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #21 - WHICH FI NNIS H BOOK WOULD YOU LI KE TO READ? 7 For example:

1. Hei, olin soittamassa sinulle, mutta ehdit ensin. "I was about to call you, but you beat me to it."

2. Missä sinä olit? - Olin diskossa tanssimassa. "Where were you?" - "I was at the disco dancing."

3. Mitä olit tekemässä juuri nyt? "What were you doing just now?"

4. Olin juuri leikkaamassa nurmikkoa. "I was just mowing the lawn."

1. MA-inf initive in the Inessive Case: in (the middle of ) Doing Something

The ma-infinitive in the inessive case can be recognized from the -massa/mässä ending:

1. Olin koko päivän kirjastossa opiskelemassa. "I was studying at the library for the whole day."

2. Olin juuri kirjoittamassa sinulle sähköpostia. "I was just writing an email to you."

3. Käyn tarkistamassa, vieläkö vauva nukkuu. "I'm going to check if the baby is still sleeping."

Exceptions:

Note that the verbs tulla, "to come," mennä, "to go" and lähteä, "to leave" have an exception in the third infinite form in the inessive case:

1. Olin tulossa töistä kotiin. "I was coming home from work."

2. Olin juuri lähdössä kotiin. "I was just about to leave home."

3. Olen menossa elokuviin, tuletko mukaan? "I'm going to the movies, do you want to come with me?"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #21 - WHICH FI NNIS H BOOK WOULD YOU LI KE TO READ? 8 2. MA-inf initive in the Elative Case: From Doing Something

The ma-infinitive in the elative case can be recognized from the -masta/mästä ending.

1. Milloin tulet pelaamasta? Lit."When do you come from playing?" Note that his expression can be used for different sports.

2. Paikalliset varoittivat menemästä tätä reittiä. "The locals warned not to take this route."

3. Tulen juuri lukemasta. "I am just coming from reading."

3. MA-inf initive in the Illative Case: To Go Do Something, To Be Good/ Bad at Something

The ma-infinitive in the illative case can be recognized from the -maan/mään ending.

1. Mennäänkö katsomaan sirkusta? "Shall we go and see the circus?"

2. Kuka on hyvä leipomaan kakkuja? "Who is good at baking cakes?"

3. Olen huono muistamaan ihmisten nimiä. "I am bad at remembering people's names."

4. Isoveljeni opetti minua soittamaan pianoa. "My big brother teaches me how to play the piano."

4. MA-inf initive in the Abessive Case: Without Doing Something

The ma-infinitive in the abessive case can be recognized from the -matta/mättä ending.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #21 - WHICH FI NNIS H BOOK WOULD YOU LI KE TO READ? 9 1. Anteeksi, että otin tämän lupaa kysymättä. "I'm sorry I took this without asking permission."

2. Lähdetään pois katsomatta taaksemme. "Let's leave without looking behind us."

3. Hän lähti sanomatta sanaakaan. "He left without saying a word."

5. MA-inf initive in the Adessive Case: By Doing Something

The ma-infinitive in the inessive case can be recognized from the -malla/mällä ending.

1. Jaksan herätä aamulla menemällä aikaisin nukkumaan. "I can wake up in the morning by going to bed early."

2. Laihduin jättämällä sokerin ruokavaliostani kokonaan pois. "I lost weight by taking sugar entirely out of my diet."

3. Juoksemalla voimme vielä ehtiä junaan! "By running we can still catch the train!"

There were a few examples of the ma-infinitive in the lesson:

1. Tulen juuri opiskelemasta ja olemme lukemassa Sofi Oksasen kirjoja. "I am just coming from studying, and we are reading books by Sofi Oksanen."

2. Olemme myös juuri laittamassa osaa kirjoista alennukseen. "We are also just putting some of the books on sale."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Olemme myös juuri laittamassa osaa kirjoista alennukseen, voimme katsoa jos löydämme sieltä jotakin. "We are also just putting some of the books on sale, we can check if we can find something from there."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #21 - WHICH FI NNIS H BOOK WOULD YOU LI KE TO READ? 10 2. Opiskelen itsekin kirjallisuutta! Tule, mennään katsomaan mitä meiltä löytyy. "I am studying literature myself as well! Come, let's go see what we have."

Sample Sentences

1. Olen juuri laittamassa ruokaa. "I am cooking right now."

2. Olen menossa kauppaan, tarvitsetko mitään? "I am just about to go to the store, do you need anything?"

3. Olitteko nukkumassa, kun soitin? "Were you sleeping when I called?"

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Finnish Cinema

Finnish cinema is not world famous, but there is nonetheless a vivid cinematic culture.

Finnish movie production started in the 1920s with silent films, and grew into a full- fledged industry during the 1930s. The 1940s and 1950s are considered to be the golden era of Finnish cinema, with every film having at least 400,000 viewers.

As televisions slowly conquered Finnish homes during the 1960s, the least productive era for Finnish film was the 1970s. Movies that were both international successes and complete flops were made during the 1990s. Since the beginning of the new millennium, Finnish cinema has again started to gain new appreciation.

A legend in the Finnish cinema scene is Suomi-Filmi, (literally "Finland-Film"), which was a movie production company during the golden age of Finnish cinema. It was established in 1919, and produced its last film in 1980.

Between the 1930s and 50s, the company produced many highly popular films, one of them being Siltalan Pehtoori, "The Inspector of Siltala," which gained the attention of a quarter of the population in 1934. Another classic is Kulkurin valssi, "The Wall of the Vagabond," which featured the ultimate icons of the Finnish silver screen: Ansa Ikonen and Tauno Palo. Suomisen perhe, "The family Suominen," film

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #21 - WHICH FI NNIS H BOOK WOULD YOU LI KE TO READ? 11 series was, and still is, also very popular. The films would narrate the lively events of a busy family in a very light-hearted manner.

The all-time most watched film is Tuntematon socials, "The Unknown Soldier," by director Edvin Laine, which was released in 1955. The film shows the lives of Finnish soldiers during the Continuation War between Finland and the Soviet Union, and it is considered to be an icon for the Finnish mentality and war-time. Traditionally the film has been shown on the national television channel each independence day.

Between the 1970s and 1990s, Finnish films were mainly either artistic or in the popular category. Popular shows were, for example, comedy film series, which featured characters like the shabby but lovable Uuno, or the strict Vääpeli Körmy, "Sergeant Major Körmy," who describes himself as "the meanest bastard of a Sergeant Major."

During the century Finnish film has developed technically, which can be seen for example in great productions like Christmas-themed "Rare Exports" and "Christmas Story," the horror film "Sauna," or in "Purge" (Puhdistus), which is based on the highly acclaimed novel by Sofi Oksanen. A new addition to the list is "Big Game," by film director Jalmari Helander, which features the American actor Samuel L. Jackson.

Well-known Finnish movie directors are Renny Harlin, who made his career in the USA by directing films such as "Die Hard 2," "Cliffhanger" and "Deep Blue Sea"; Aku Louhimies, who has directed films about young urban people; Kaisa Rastimo, who has directed children's films, and the brothers Aki and Mika Kaurismäki.

Aki Kaurismäki is the most internationally known Finnish movie director, and his films featuring his unique, taciturn style, are well-thought-of among critics and spectators. The most known of his films is perhaps Mies vailla menneisyyttä, "The Man Without a Past," which was nominated for an Academy Award and won the Grand Prix at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival.

An intriguing feature is also the parodic science fiction film "Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning," which was produced by amateurs and distributed online. The film has been downloaded from the Internet approximately nine million times.

Useful expression:

1. elokuvaohjaaja "movie director"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #21 - WHICH FI NNIS H BOOK WOULD YOU LI KE TO READ? 12 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #22 Adventures at a Finnish Book Store

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 10 Cultural Insight

# 22

1. Vilja: Tässä on kaunokirjallisuuden osastomme.

2. Mies: Ahaa. Voitko suositella jotakin?

3. Vilja: No, esimerkiksi tämä kirja on juuri tullut valikoimiimme. Tämä menestynyt kirjailija on voittanut useita palkintoja.

4. Mies: Selvä, vaikuttaa mielenkiintoiselta.

5. Vilja: Kokemukseni mukaan myös tämän kirjailijan kirjat ovat hyviä. Moni ansioitunut kriitikko on kirjoittanut hyviä arvioita hänen kirjoistaan.

6. Mies: Aivan, hänestä olenkin kuullut ennen.

7. Vilja: Henkilökohtaisesti pidän myös tästä kirjailijasta, vaikka hän ei olekaan niin tunnettu.

8. Mies: Kiitos, tutustun mielelläni näihin kirjoihin.

9. Vilja: Nämä alennetut kirjat ovat myös laadukkaita. Meillä on niitä vain suuri varasto, joten siksi ne ovat nyt alennuksessa.

10. Mies: Selvä, kiitos paljon avusta!

ENGLISH

1. Vilja: Here is our fiction department.

2. Man: Aha. Can you recommend something?

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #22 - ADVENTURES AT A FI NNIS H BOOK S TORE 2 3. Vilja: Well, for example, this book has just arrived to our selection. This successful writer has won several awards.

4. Man: Okay, seems interesting.

5. Vilja: In my experience, this author's books are good too. Many distinguished critics have written good reviews of his books.

6. Man: Yes, right, I've heard of him before.

7. Vilja: Personally I also like this author, even if he is not that well known.

8. Man: Thank you, I'm happy to get acquainted with these books.

9. Vilja: These discounted books are also of high quality. We just had a lot of them in stock, so that's why they're on sale now.

10. Man: Okay, thank you very much for your help!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

kaunokirjallisuus fiction noun

osasto department, section noun

selection, range, valikoima assortment noun

menestynyt succesful adjective

voittaa to win verb

mielenkiintoinen interesting adjective

kokemus experience noun

ansioitunut distinguished adjective

henkilökohtainen personal adjective

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #22 - ADVENTURES AT A FI NNIS H BOOK S TORE 3 laadukas of high quality adjective

SAMPLE SENTENCES

En juurikaan lue Olen kenkäosastolla töissä.

kaunokirjallisuutta. "I work at the shoe department." "I don't really read fiction."

Värien laaja valikoima oli Tämä taiteilija on erittäin yksinkertaisesti liiallinen. menestynyt.

"The wide selection of colors was "This artist is very successful." simply too much."

Numero 211 voittaa tämän Tämä kirja on todella kilpailun mielenkiintoinen.

"Number 211 wins this race." "This book is really interesting."

Isälläni on pitkä kokemus Minulla on paljon kokemusta talojen rakentamisesta. pankkitoiminnan alalta.

"My father has a lot of experience "I have a lot of experience in the with building houses." banking sector."

Hän ansioitui palomiehenä. Tuo on liian henkilökohtainen

kysymys. "He distinguished himself as a f ireman." "That question is too personal."

Tämä kangas on todella laadukas.

"This fabric is really of high quality."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE kaunokirjallisuus "f iction"

The first part of the word is kauno, which refers to something beautiful or "fiction"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #22 - ADVENTURES AT A FI NNIS H BOOK S TORE 4 when it is in context of literature. It can also be a name for a person. Kirjallisuus means "literature."

This word is used when talking about fictional literature that can also be classified as art or entertainment. When you are referring to another kind of literature, you should use other words: tietokirjallisuus - "non fiction literature," tieteiskirjallisuus - "science fiction," runous - "poetry."

For example:

1. Kirjahyllyssäni on ainoastaan kaunokirjallisuutta. "There is only fiction on my bookshelf." mielenkiintoinen "interesting"

The first part of the word mielenkiintoinen, "interesting," refers to the noun mieli, "mind," and the second part refers to adjective kiinnostava, "interesting" or kiinnostusta herättävä, "provoking interest." Therefore it can be thought that the word means something that "provokes interest in the mind."

You can use this word whenever referring to something that is "interesting." The opposite of mielenkiintoinen is tylsä, "boring."

For example:

1. Katsoin juuri mielenkiintoisen dokumentin. "I just watched an interesting documentary." henkilökohtainen "personal"

The first part of the word, henkilö means "a person." The latter part -kohtainen makes this word an adjective, and gives it the meaning "personal," i.e., addressed to one person or oneself.

You can use this word whenever referring to something that is personal. When you want to say "private" instead of "personal" you can say yksityinen.

For example:

1. Tämä kutsu on henkilökohtainen. "This invitation is personal."

GRAMMAR

The Focus of this Lesson is Using the NUT-participle and Related Vocabulary

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #22 - ADVENTURES AT A FI NNIS H BOOK S TORE 5 No, esimerkiksi tämä kirja on juuri tullut valikoimiimme. Tämä menestynyt kirjailija on voittanut useita palkintoja. "Well, f or example this book has just arrived to our selection. T his successf ul writer has won several awards."

1. T he Principles of the NUT-participle

The NUT-partisiippi, "NUT-participle," is also called aktiivin partisiippi in Finnish, or the "active past participle" in English.

The nut-participle is usually expressing either:

1) a situation that started in the past and is still relevant:

1. Väsynyt opiskelija ei jaksa keskittyä. "A tired student can't focus."

2. Ulkomailla asunut tätini muuttaa takaisin Suomeen. "My aunt who has been living abroad is moving back to Finland."

2) an action that happened already/an action that is over:

1. Eilen päättynyt festivaali. "The festival which ended yesterday."

2. Kirjan kirjoittanut nainen. "The woman who wrote the book."

The nut-participle can be conjugated in all of the cases.

2. How to Form NUT-participle

The participle ending has separate forms for singular and plural, but otherwise it does not change according to the person.

The nut-participle is formed by adding the ending, -nut,-nyt, -lut or -lyt to the stem.

In plural, the ending is -neet or -leet. (You can find the infinitive stem by removing the last letter, in verb type 1, or last two letters of the infinitive form.)

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #22 - ADVENTURES AT A FI NNIS H BOOK S TORE 6 Note that the form is similar to the past perfect and the negative past tense:

Past perfect:

1. Hän on opiskellut. "She has studied."

2. Hän ei ole opiskellut. "She has not studied."

Negative past tense:

1. Hän ei opiskellut. "She didn't study."

Nut- participle:

1. Historiaa opiskellut nainen. "The woman who studied history."

Note, that when the infinite stem ends with a consonant, the -n from the -nut or - neet ending assimilates with the previous consonant:

Inf initive Stem Participle Participle English Singular Plural

surra surr- surrut surreet "to mourn" nousta nous- noussut nousseet "to rise"

Verb types 1 and 2

Find the infinitive stem and add -nut or -nyt

Inf initive Stem Participle Participle English Singular Plural

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #22 - ADVENTURES AT A FI NNIS H BOOK S TORE 7 puhua puhu- puhunut puhuneet "to talk," "to lukea luke- lukenut lukeneet speak" sanoa sano- sanonut sanoneet "to read" ostaa osta- ostanut ostaneet "to say" tietää tietä- tietänyt tietäneet "to buy" juoda juo- juonut juoneet "to know" tuoda tuo- tuonut tuoneet "to drink" viedä vie- vienyt vieneet "to bring" jäädä jää- jäänyt jääneet "to take" luennoida luennoi- luennoinut luennoineet "to stay" "to lecture"

For example:

1. Mielestäni eilen luennoinut professori on innostava. "In my opinion the professor who lectured yesterday is inspirational."

2. Näin sanoneet ihmiset ovat valitettavasti väärässä. "People who said things like that are unfortunately wrong."

Verb type 3

Find the infinitive stem and add -nut, -nyt, -lut or -lyt.

Inf initive Stem Participle Participle English Singular Plural

mennä men- mennyt menneet "to go" harjoitella harjoitel- harjoitellut harjoitelleet "to practise" ajatella ajatel- ajatellut ajatelleet "to think" kävellä kävel- kävellyt kävelleet "to walk" ratkaista ratkais- ratkaissut ratkaisseet "to solve"

For example:

1. Kyseisen ongelman ratkaissut mies kirjoitti aiheesta kirjan. "The man who solved the problem in question wrote a book on the topic."

2. Tämä dokumentti kertoo avaruuteen menneistä ihmisistä. "This documentary tells about people who went to space."

Verb types 4, 5 and 6

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #22 - ADVENTURES AT A FI NNIS H BOOK S TORE 8 Find the infinitive stem and add -nnut or -nnyt

Inf initive Stem Participle Participle English Singular Plural

rohjeta rohje- rohjennut rohjenneet "to dare" häiritä häiri- häirinnyt häirinneet "to disturb" avata ava- avannut avanneet "to open" määrätä määrä- määrännyt määränneet "to dictate" tavata tava- tavannut tavanneet "to meet" tarvita tarvi- tarvinnut tarvinneet "to need" valita vali- valinnut valinneet "to choose" tulkita tulki- tulkinnut tulkinneet "to interpret" lämmetä lämme- lämmennyt lämmenneet "to heat up" kylmetä kylme- kylmennyt kylmenneet "to chill" vanheta vanhe- vanhennut vanhenneet "to grow old"

For example:

1. Nämä välineet valinneet asiakkaat ovat olleet tyytyväisiä. "The customers who chose these tools have been satisfied."

2. Kanta-asiakastilin avanneet asiakkaat saavat alennusta. "Customers who have opened a regular customer account will receive a discount."

Now finally, let's also see the sentences we had in the lesson:

1. Tämä menestynyt kirjailija on voittanut useita palkintoja. "This successful writer has won several awards."

2. Moni ansioitunut kriitikko on kirjoittanut hyviä arvioita hänen kirjoistaan. "Many distinguished critics have written good reviews of his books."

Note, that in this sentence, ansioitunut, "distinguished" is in the nut-participle, while on kirjoittanut, "has written," is in the present perfect tense.

1. Nämä alennetut kirjat ovat myös laadukkaita. "These discounted books are also of high quality."

Let's see a couple more examples:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #22 - ADVENTURES AT A FI NNIS H BOOK S TORE 9 1. Koska olen kirjoittanut tästä aiheesta kirjan, saanko antaa neuvon? "Because I have written a book on the topic, may I give some advice?"

2. Kokemukseni mukaan hyvää palvelua saanut asiakas tulee aina takaisin. "According to my experience, a customer who has received good service will always come back."

These sentences feature also the nut-participle, i.e. the "active past participle."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Kokemukseni mukaan myös tämän kirjailijan kirjat ovat hyviä. Moni ansioitunut kriitikko on kirjoittanut hyviä arvioita hänen kirjoistaan. "In my experience, this author's books are good too. Many distinguished critics have written good reviews of his books."

2. Nämä alennetut kirjat ovat myös laadukkaita. Meillä on niitä vain suuri varasto, joten siksi ne ovat nyt alennuksessa. "These discounted books are also of high quality. We just had a lot of them in stock, so that's why they're on sale now."

Sample Sentences

1. Luulen, että koe oli onnistunut. "I think the experiment was successful."

2. Hän on hyvin valveutunut ihminen. "She is a very well-informed person."

3. Kukat tässä maljakossa ovat aivan lakastuneita. "The flowers in this vase are completely withered."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Finnish Contemporary Literature

Contemporary Finnish literature is very versatile and lively, with the constitution securing the freedom of speech. Finnish writers usually use their works to mirror current events and also to express their opinions about current matters freely.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #22 - ADVENTURES AT A FI NNIS H BOOK S TORE 10 Finnish literature features all kinds of topics, but history, philosophy, Finland's wars and the depopulation of the countryside are some of the most popular subjects.

Some of the most popular contemporary writers are Anna-Leena Härkönen, Jari Tervo Miikka Nousiainen, Sofi Oksanen, Kjell Westö and Ilkka Remes.

Anna-Leena Härkönen is known not only as a writer, but also as an actress, scriptwriter and a popular media personality. Her most known books are Häräntappoase (literally "A Weapon to Kill an Ox"), Akvaariorakkautta (literally "Aquarium Love") and Ei kiitos ("No thank you."), which deal with contemporary, urban life.

Jari Tervo is a popular writer and a media personality who writes plot-driven prose and columns for newspapers. A distinctive feature in his texts is the humor found in daily life. Miika Nousiainen is another popular writer, whose books can be considered to be in the same category as Jari Tervo's. Miika Nousiainen writes in a humoristic and tragicomic way about the features of common Finns.

Sofi Oksanen has been awarded with numerous prizes, including the Finlandia Prize, for her work, which she describes to be 'auto-fiction,' i.e., fiction that has autobiographical elements. She is not afraid to deal with difficult topics such as eating disorders or panic attacks, and is also known for her books which deal with the history of Estonia. Sofi's father is Finnish and mother is Estonian.

She is also actively writing columns and articles about human rights issues, sexual equality, and freedom of speech.

Kjell Westö writes in Swedish, and has received the highly valued Finlandia prize for his novel Missä kuljimme kerran (originally Där vi en gång gått, lit."Where we once walked"). He has been nominated for the prize five times for his other novels. His books are fictional novels, but they are based on historical scenes and facts. Most often the stories happen in Helsinki.

Thrillers and detective novels are a popular literary genre, and Ilkka Remes is a popular author. He has written fifteen thrillers which have all been popular among Finnish readers. Reijo Mäki is another popular author, with his detective character Jussi Vares.

Numerous Finnish contemporary books have been also adapted into movies or plays.

Sofi Oksanen's high density script Puhdistus ("Purge"), was initially an immensely popular play, which was then adapted into novel, and later into a successful film adaptation.

Tummies perhosten koti ("The Home of Dark Butterflies") is an award-winning film based on a novel by Leena Lander, and is located in a reform school.

Kjell Westö's novels Leijat Helsingin yllä ("Kites over Helsinki") and Missä kuljimme

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #22 - ADVENTURES AT A FI NNIS H BOOK S TORE 11 kerran ("Where we once walked") have been adapted into films, and the latter has also been adapted to stage.

There have also been made 9 popular films of Reijo Mäki's detective character Jussi Vares.

Useful expression:

1. kirjallisuuspalkinto "literary award"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #22 - ADVENTURES AT A FI NNIS H BOOK S TORE 12 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #23 Do You Need a Finnish Handyman?

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 9 Cultural Insight

# 23

1. Linnea: Aino, miten remontti sujuu?

2. Aino: No, Heikin pitäisi aloittaa tapetointi, mutta hänellä ei ole oikein kokemusta siitä.

3. Linnea: Ai niinkö? Markku on tapetoinut tuttaviemme koteja. Voin kysyä, jos Markulla olisi aikaa tulla auttamaan Heikkiä.

4. Aino: Ihanko totta? En tiennytkään!

5. Linnea: Kyllä vain. Markun ensimmäinen työpaikka oli rautakaupassa.

6. Aino: Minulla ei ollut aavistustakaan!

7. Linnea: No, siitä on toki aikaa. Hän oli siellä ensin kesätöissä.

8. Aino: Jos Markku vain ehtisi auttaa Heikkiä, niin se olisi Heikille suuri apu.

9. Linnea: No minä kysyn Markulta, ja ilmoitan sitten sinulle!

ENGLISH

1. Linnea: Aino, how is the renovation going?

2. Aino: Well, Heikki should start wallpapering, but he doesn't really have experience with it.

3. Linnea: Oh, really? Markku has wallpapered some of our acquaintances' homes. I can ask if Markku would have time to come and help Heikki.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #23 - DO YOU NEED A FI NNIS H HANDYMAN? 2 4. Aino: Oh really? I didn't know!

5. Linnea: Oh yes. Markku's first job was in a hardware store.

6. Aino: I had no idea!

7. Linnea: Well, some time has passed since then, of course. He was there doing a summer job at first.

8. Aino: If Markku only had time to help Heikki, it would be a big help for Heikki.

9. Linnea: Well, I'll ask Markku and then let you know!

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

remontti renovation noun

tapetointi wallpapering noun

tuttava acquaintance noun

työpaikka workplace, job noun

rautakauppa hardware store noun

aavistus hunch noun

kesätyö summer job noun

olla mielissään to be pleased verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #23 - DO YOU NEED A FI NNIS H HANDYMAN? 3 Haluaisin jo aloittaa remontin Tapetointi vaatii harjoittelua. keittiössä. "Wallpapering takes some "I would already like to start the practice." renovation in the kitchen."

Tuttavani työskentelee kokkina Aiotko etsiä uuden työpaikan? tässä ravintolassa. "Are you going to look for a new "My acquaintance works as a chef job?" in this restaurant."

Mennään ensin rautakauppaan, Minulla oli aavistus, että näin ja sitten ruokakauppaan. saattaisi käydä.

"Let's first go to the hardware "I had a hunch that this might store, and then to the grocery happen." store."

Pidin ensimmäisestä Koirani oli mielissään, kun kesätyöstäni. palasin kotiin.

"I liked my f irst summer job." "My dog was pleased when I came back home."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE tapetointi "wallpapering"

The word tapetointi, "wallpapering," is the action of wallpapering and refers to the verb tapetoida, "to wallpaper." Tapetti is Finnish for "wallpaper."

You can use this word whenever referring to the action of wallpapering.

For example:

1. Tapetointi on aikaa vievää puuhaa. "Wallpapering is a time-consuming task." rautakauppa "hardware store"

The word rautakauppa is made up of two parts; the noun rauta for "iron" and the

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #23 - DO YOU NEED A FI NNIS H HANDYMAN? 4 noun kauppa for "store" or "shop." Literally the word could be therefore translated as an "iron store."

You can use this word whenever referring to a store selling supplies for some kind of renovation work, construction work, or decoration work.

For example:

1. Menen ostamaan lisää nauloja rautakaupasta. "I will go and buy some more nails from the hardware store."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Using Phrases Related to Expressing Feelings, Such as Surprise and Interest and Using the Consonant Gradation in Names Ai niinkö? Markku on tapetoinut tuttaviemme koteja. Voin kysyä, jos Markulla olisi aikaa tulla auttamaan Heikkiä. "Oh, really? Markku has wallpapered some of our acquaintances' homes. I can ask if Markku would have time to come and help Heikki."

1. Phrases Related to Expressing Feelings, Such as Surprise and Interest

There are certain phrases and exclamations that you can use when you are expressing amazement, surprise, interest, and disbelief. There were a few of these featured in the lesson:

1. Ai niinkö? "Oh really?" or "Is that so?"

2. Ihanko totta? En tiennytkään! "Oh really? I didn't know!"

3. Minulla ei ollut aavistustakaan! "I had no idea!"

Here are some more exclamations:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #23 - DO YOU NEED A FI NNIS H HANDYMAN? 5 Finnish English onko niin? / onko noin? "Is that so?" hyvänen aika! "Good heavens!" or "Good grief!" hetkinen! "Wait a minute!" jestas! "Oh my gosh!" herranjestas! "Oh my goodness!" mitä ihmettä? "What on earth?" uskomatonta! "Unbelievable!" eikä! "No way!" ei voi olla! "It can't be!" ei voi olla totta! "It can't be true!" vau! "Wow!" kas! "Well!" kas vain! "Well now!" oho! / ohoh! "Wow!" or "Oops!" jopas! "Say!" (literally "even!") jopas jotakin! "Say now!" (literally "Even something!")

Consonant Gradation

Endings and cases are usually added to the stem of the word, and sometimes this causes changes in the stem. One common change is called konsonanttien astevaihtelu, "consonant gradation," which most often happens with the consonants k, p, and t.

The consonant gradation is called either vahva, "strong," or heikko, "weak." Double

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #23 - DO YOU NEED A FI NNIS H HANDYMAN? 6 consonants, which are strong, can become a single consonant, which is weak. Single consonants can become their weak equivalent or disappear completely.

Basically the strong grade is used in syllables which are open (end with a vowel), and the weak grade is used in syllables which are closed (end with a consonant). For example, when you add endings which close the syllable, like the genitive -n, you use the weak consonant gradation.

Basic gradation chart:

Strong Grade Weak Grade

k/p/t kk/pp/tt → laukun ("bag's") laukku ("a bag") kaupalle ("to the shop") kauppa ("a shop") mitasta ("of the measurement") mitta ("a measurement")

Additional gradations:

Strong Grade Weak Grade

mp → mm lampi ("a pond") lammelle ("to the pond")

nt/lt/rt nn/ll/rr punta ("a pound") punnan ("pound's") ilta ("an evening") illalla ("in the evening") parta ("a beard") parrassa ("in the beard")

nk ng kenkä ("a shoe") kengällä ("on the shoe")

lke/rke/hke lje/rje/hje kärki ("a tip," "a peak") kärjessä ("in the tip")

Don't be alarmed if you notice some words without the gradation, as some new words and loanwords (foreign words) don't have the consonant gradation at all. Also, sometimes Finns like to gradate words playfully wrong on purpose to sound cute or funny.

Consonant Gradation in Names

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #23 - DO YOU NEED A FI NNIS H HANDYMAN? 7 Unlike in English, in Finnish also names gradate according to the consonant gradation rules.

In Finnish first names, the consonant gradation is present usually in names which have the consonant combination of kk, pp or tt.

Markku/Markun ("Markku's")

Teppo/Tepolle ("for Teppo")

Jutta/Jutalta ("from Jutta")

For example:

1. Markku antoi Jutalle syntymäpäivälahjan. "Markku gave a birthday present to Jutta."

2. Jutta sai Markulta syntymäpäivälahjan ja näytti sen myös Tepolle. "Jutta received a birthday present from Markku and also showed it to Teppo."

In first names also other consonant gradations are more common:

Holappa/Holapalle ("to Holappa")

Ranta/Rannan ("Ranta's")

Joki/Joen ("Joki's")

Tarkka/Tarkalle ("for Tarkka")

Ruutu/Ruudulta ("from Ruutu")

We had quite a few sentences in the lesson where consonant gradation was used with the male names Markku and Heikki:

1. Markku on tapetoinut tuttaviemme koteja. "Markku has wallpapered some of our acquaintances' homes."

2. Voin kysyä, jos Markulla olisi aikaa tulla auttamaan Heikkiä. "I can ask if Markku would have time to come and help Heikki."

3. Markun ensimmäinen työpaikka oli rautakaupassa. "Markku's first job was in a hardware store."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #23 - DO YOU NEED A FI NNIS H HANDYMAN? 8 4. Heikin pitäisi aloittaa tapetointi, mutta hänellä ei ole oikein kokemusta siitä. "Heikki should start wallpapering, but he doesn't really have experience with it."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Ihanko totta? En tiennytkään! "Oh really? I didn't know!"

2. Minulla ei ollut aavistustakaan! "I had no idea!"

3. Jos Markku vain ehtisi auttaa Heikkiä, niin se olisi Heikille suuri apu. "If Markku only had time to help Heikki, it would be a big help to Heikki."

Sample Sentences

1. Mirkka auttaa usein Mikon äitiä. "Mirkka often helps Mikko's mom."

2. Mikko ja Mikon äiti ovat Mirkan tuttavia kuorosta. "Mikko and Mikko's mom are Mirkka's acquaintances from the choir."

3. Onko näin? Onpa todella yllättävää. "Is that so? That is really surprising."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Team Spirit and Helping Eachother in Finland

Team spirit and helping each other has always been a part of Finnish mentality, but it was especially emphasized during the wars Finland had between 1939 and 1944. New, modern ways to show team spirit have also emerged.

Talkoot is a traditional Finnish form of collaboration, where people work together to achieve something from which everyone can benefit, for example, building a church or a road, harvesting, or spinning wool. In Talkoot, everybody does what they are good at, and nobody gets paid. The purpose is to help others. In the countryside, people would help at each others' farms. After working, people would enjoy a feast together. Women would often take care of cooking, and textile related

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #23 - DO YOU NEED A FI NNIS H HANDYMAN? 9 tasks, while men would take care of the heavier construction and field work.

Talkoot had four basic elements: Sisu, Sauna, Soup, and Song. Sisu is a Finnish term and it roughly means resilience and stoic determination: this was needed in order to finish even daunting and big tasks, such as building or repairing a house. A sauna was an obvious way to relax and reward oneself after hard work. Soup was served to everyone who came to help. Song stands for music and dance, as people who would join in the group effort would relax by singing and dancing after the work was done.

The Winter War (1939-1940) and the Continuation War (1941-1944) between Finland and the Soviet Union really emphasized the Finnish mentality for group effort. It was needed in order to survive. During the wars the majority of Finnish men had to go to the war front. This meant that women, children, and the elderly had to work together to keep the country running. Women and children from the cities went to the countryside to help in the talkoo spirit.

Nowadays, housing associations and neighborhoods can organize communal efforts as a fun way for people to meet each other and to work together for a common cause. For example in the autumn, people might gather together to rake autumn leaves and tidy up the shared gardens together.

There are also events that have been established in the talkoo spirit:

Talkoopäivä, "Communal Effort Day," is a new event aimed at again raising • awareness of the Finnish tradition of working together for a common purpose. The first talkoopäivä was arranged on May 17th 2014, and the next one was on May 16th, 2015. Activities often include events such as cleaning a road, park, or communal building together

Siivouspäivä, "Cleaning Day," changes cities and neighborhoods into huge • flea markets and marketplaces. Anyone can offer their second hand items up for sale on the streets, yards, and at home. The first event took place on Saturday the 12th of May 2012, when hundreds of Finns joined the event. Currently Cleaning Day events are arranged all over the world, although the main team operates from Helsinki, Finland.

Useful expression: talkoohenki "Talkoo'-spirit, communal effort spirit"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #23 - DO YOU NEED A FI NNIS H HANDYMAN? 10 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #24 What Does this Finnish Word Mean?

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 4 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 14 Cultural Insight # 24

1. Markku: Hei kulta. Mitä teitte Ainon kanssa?

2. Linnea: Hei! Käytiin kahvilla ja juteltiin Ainon ja Heikin remontista.

3. Markku: Aivan, aivan, heillä on tosiaan remontti käynnissä.

4. Linnea: Lupasin kysyä, jos voisit auttaa Heikkiä tapetoinnissa?

5. Markku: Toki, eiköhän se onnistu. Pitää vain hankkia joitakin tarvikkeita.

6. Linnea: Aivan, puhuttiinkin siitä Ainon kanssa. Heikillä saattaa olla jo jotakin. Mitä tarvikkeita tarvitset?

7. Markku: Ainakin tapetoimispöydän, liisteriharjan, tapettiharjan ja luotilangan.

8. Linnea: Mikä on luotilanka?

9. Markku: Periaatteessa se on lanka, jonka varassa roikkuu punnus. Punnus on painava, minkä ansiosta lanka muodostaa pystysuoran linjan.

10. Linnea: Ahaa. Voit siis sen avulla katsoa, että tapetti tulee suoraan.

11. Markku: Kyllä. Ennen vanhaan niitä käytettiin enemmänkin, nykyään on myös paljon elektronisia mittalaitteita.

ENGLISH

1. Markku: Hi honey. What did you do with Aino?

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 2 2. Linnea: Hi! We went for coffee and talked about Aino and Heikki's remodeling.

3. Markku: Right, right, they do indeed have a renovation in progress.

4. Linnea: I promised to ask if you could help Heikki with wallpapering.

5. Markku: Sure, I suppose it will be fine. Some supplies just have to be bought.

6. Linnea: Right, we were talking about it with Aino. Heikki might already have something. Which supplies do you need?

7. Markku: At least a wallpapering table, adhesive brush, wallpaper brush and a plumb line.

8. Linnea: What's a plumb line?

9. Markku: In principle it's a thread from which a weight is hanging. The weight is heavy, which is why the thread makes a perpendicular line.

10. Linnea: Oh, I see. So with that you can see that the wallpaper hangs straight.

11. Markku: Yes. In the olden days they were used even more, and nowadays there are a lot of electronic measuring devices.

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

käynnissä in progress adverb

luvata to promise verb

eiköhän I suppose phrase

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 3 tarvikkeet supplies noun

saattaa olla may have phrase

luotilanka plumb line noun

punnus weight noun

muodostaa to form verb

ennen vanhaan in the olden days phrase

periaate principle noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Stadionilla on konsertti Lupaatko siivota juhlien käynnissä. jälkeen?

"There is a concert in progress at "Do you promise to clean up after the stadium." the party?"

Eiköhän tämä jo riitä. Maalaustarvikkeet ovat kalliita.

"I suppose this is enough." "Painting supplies are expensive."

Minulla saattaa olla hiukan Luotilanka on vanha työkalu.

mustikoita pakkasessa. "The plumb line is an old tool." "I may have some blueberries in the freezer."

Laita punnukset vaa'alle. Muodostakaa rinki.

"Place the weights on the scale." "Please form a circle."

Ennen vanhaan joka paikkaan Kunnioitan periaatettasi.

kuljettiin hevosella tai jalan. "I respect your principles." "In the olden days one used to go everywhere either by horse or on f oot."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 4 ennen vanhaan "in the olden days"

The expression ennen vanhaan, "in the olden days," is made up of two words: the adverb ennen, meaning "before" or "prior to," and the adjective vanha, "old." The expression therefore literally means "before in the old(en days)."

You can use this expression when referring to events that happened a long time ago in history. For example, the elderly may often use this expression when referring to events of their youth.

For example:

1. Ennen vanhaan ei ollut kännyköitä. "There were no mobile phones in the olden days." mittalaite "measuring device"

The word mittalaite is made up of two words; the noun mitta for "measure" and noun laite for "device."

For example:

1. Laboratoriossa on erilaisia mittalaitteita. "There are different kinds of measuring devices in the laboratory."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Explaining the Meaning of a Word by Using the Relative Pronouns and Using the Passive in the Past Tense Aivan, puhuttiinkin siitä Ainon kanssa. Heikillä saattaa olla jo jotakin. Mitä tarvikkeita tarvitset? "Right, we were talking about it with Aino. Heikki might already have something. Which supplies do you need?"

1. Relative Pronouns

Pronouns are small words used as a substitute for nouns.

Relative pronouns start relative or subordinate clauses and they are referring to either a word in the previous sentence, or possibly to the whole previous sentence. The pronouns can be therefore used to combine two sentences.

There are two relative pronouns in Finnish: joka and mikä.

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 5 Joka in its different forms can be translated as "who," "whom," and "whose," as well as "which" in English, whereas mikä can be translated as "which," "what" or "that."

Relative pronouns are always placed as the first element in the relative clause.

The pronouns can be inflected in all cases.

Joka

The relative pronoun joka refers to one word, which can be a thing or a matter, human or animal.

Conjugating joka in different cases:

Case Singular Plural Example English

Tyttö joka "The girl who istuu tuolla, sits there is nominative joka jotka on siskoni. my sister."

Tämä on "This is the kirja, jota book that I partitive jota joita olen aina have always halunnut. wanted."

Mies, jonka "The man, laukku on whose bag is lattialla, on on the floor, genitive jonka joiden opettajani. is my teacher."

Talo, jossa "The house, hän asuu on where he inessive jossa joissa punainen. lives, is red."

"The girl, who I talked Tyttö, josta about elative josta joista puhuin eilen, yesterday, is on tuolla. there."

Tämä on "This is the puu, johon tree which I kiipesin usein would often illative johon joihin lapsena. climb as a child."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 6 Täällä käy "A lot of paljon youngsters nuoria, joilla who don't adessive jolla joilla ei ole omaa have their koiraa. own dog come here."

"The lady who I Nainen jolta ordered the tilasin dress from is ablative jolta joilta mekon, on a ammattiompe professional lija. seamstress."

Poika jolle "The boy annoin who I gave nallen, on the teddy allative jolle joille serkkuni." bear to is my cousin."

In the lesson, this pronoun was also used:

1. Periaatteessa se on lanka, jonka varassa roikkuu punnus. "In principle, it is a thread from which a weight is hanging."

→ jonka refers to the noun lanka, "thread." Therefore the relative clause is explaining what or what kind the thread is.

This pronoun can be used to explain words or things:

1. Mikä on öljyvärimaalaus? "What is an oil color painting?"

2. Öljyvärimaalaus on kuva, jonka taiteilija maalaa öljyväreillä. "An oil color painting is a picture that a painter paints with oil colors."

3. Mikä tämä paperi on? "What is this paper?"

4. Se on sopimus, josta haluaisin puhua kanssasi. "It is a contract, one which I'd like to talk with you about."

Mikä

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 7 The relative pronoun mikä has a more limited use than joka. Mikä is usually used when referring to the entire previous sentence, or when the noun to which the pronoun is referring to is in the superlative.

Conjugating mikä in different cases:

Case Singular Plural Example English

"I was working Olin while kuumeisena feverish, töissä, mikä nominative mikä mitkä which heikensi reduced my toimintakykyä ability to ni. function."

Kirjan "Writing a kirjoittaminen book is the on parasta, best thing partitive mitä mitä mitä olet that you have koskaan ever done." tehnyt.

Hän sairastui "He got ill in kesken the middle of työpäivän, the working genitive minkä minkä minkä vuoksi day, which is hän lähti why he left." kotiin.

Millainen on "What is the kaunein talo, most missä beautiful koskaan house that inessive missä missä olette you have käyneet? ever visited like?"

Hän on *She has harjoitellut practiced a paljon, mistä lot, which is elative mistä mistä kertoo hänen evidenced menestyksen by her sä. success."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 8 Hän kirjoitti "He wrote a paljon lot of letters, kirjeitä, through illative mihin mihin mihin which I fell in rakastuin love with hänessä. him."

Hän kirjoitti "He wrote a paljon kirjoja, lot of books, millä oli suuri which had a adessive millä millä merkitys great impact hänen on his uralleen. career."

Nyt tehtävillä "Decisions päätöksillä that are on suuri made now vaikutus have a great ablative miltä miltä siihen, miltä impact on tulevaisuus what the näyttää. future will look like."

He tekivät "They did erilaisia different sirkustemppu kinds of ja, mille circus tricks, allative mille mille nauroimme to which we makeasti. laughed sweetly."

As you will notice, there is difference in the singular and plural conjugations only in the nominative case.

In the lesson, this pronoun was also used:

Punnus on painava, minkä ansiosta lanka muodostaa pystysuoran linjan. "The weight is heavy, which is why the thread forms a perpendicular line." → minkä refers to the whole first sentence.

The relative clause is explaining the reason why the thread forms a perpendicular line.

Finally, let's compare the difference between joka and mikä by using a similar sentence:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 9 Hän osti minulle lahjan, joka ilahdutti minua paljon.

"He bought me a present, which made me very happy." → in this sentence, the person is happy about the present.

Joka is referring to the previous noun, which in this sentence is lahja, "present."

Hän osti minulle lahjan, mikä ilahdutti minua paljon. "He bought me a present, which made me very happy." → in this sentence, the person is happy about the gesture, about the other person buying her a present. Mikä is referring to the whole first sentence.

2. Principle of the Passive Past Tense

The passiivin imperfekti, "passive past tense," uses the same basic principle as the passive tense:

The sentences with the passive past tense don't have or don't show the subject, but express something that was done in the past. In modern spoken language the passive verb form is also often used to replace the plural first case.

We had a couple of examples in the lesson:

1. Käytiin kahvilla ja juteltiin Ainon ja Heikin remontista. "(We) went for coffee and talked about Aino and Heikki's remodeling."

2. Ennen vanhaan niitä käytettiin enemmänkin. "In the olden days they were used even more."

Formation of the passive past tense:

Verb type 1

Find the first singular stem of the verb, and add the ending -ttiin.

Inf initive 1st Stem Passive English Singular Past Tense

sanoa sanon sano- sanottiin "to say" nukkua nukun nuku- nukuttiin "to sleep" seisoa seison seiso- seisottiin "to stand"

If the last vowel of the stem is a or ä, it will change into e before the passive ending:

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 10 Inf initive 1st Stem Passive English Singular Past Tense tietää tiedän tiedä- tiedettiin "to know" ostaa ostan osta- ostettiin "to buy" kaataa kaadan kaada- kaadettiin "to pour"

You can also use the passive tense, and replace the ending -taan/-tään with the ending -ttiin: puhutaan ("is spoken") → puhuttiin ("was spoken") korjataan ("is repaired") → korjattiin ("was repaired") käytetään ("is used") → käytettiin ("was used") maksetaan ("is paid") → maksettiin ("was paid")

Verb types 2 and 3

Add the passive past tense ending -tiin to the infinitive stem:

Inf initive Inf initive Stem Passive Past English Tense

juoda juo- juotiin "to drink" saada saa- saatiin "to get" syödä syö- syötiin "to eat" ajatella ajatel- ajateltiin "to think" jutella jutel- juteltiin "to chat" mennä men- mentiin "to go"

Verb types 4 and 5

Add the passive past tense ending -ttiin to the infinitive stem:

Inf initive Inf initive Stem Passive Past English Tense

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 11 pakata paka- pakattiin "to pack" kammata kamma- kammattiin "to comb" kiivetä kiive- kiivettiin "to climb" tarvita tarvit- tarvittiin "to need" hallita halli- hallittiin "to control," "to mainita maini- mainittiin rule" "to mention"

Formation of the negative passive past tense

Verb type 1

The negation ei, "no" + the first singular stem of the verb + the ending -ttu / -tty

Negative Passive Past Inf initive Singular Stem English Tense

sanoa sano- ei sanottu "to say" nukkua nuku- ei nukuttu "to sleep" seisoa seiso- ei seisottu "to stand" tietää tiedä- ei tiedetty "to know" ostaa osta- ei ostettu "to buy" kaataa kaada- ei kaadettu "to pour"

Verb types 2 and 3

The negation ei, "no" + infinitive stem + ending -tu/-ty

Negative Passive Past Inf initive Inf initive Stem English Tense

juoda juo- ei juotu "to drink" saada saa- ei saatu "to get" syödä syö- ei syöty "to eat" ajatella ajatel- ei ajateltu "to think" jutella jutel- ei juteltu "to chat" mennä men- ei menty "to go"

Verb types 4 and 5

The negation ei, "no" + infinitive stem + ending -ttu/-tty

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 12 Negative Inf initive Passive Past Inf initive Stem English Tense

pakata paka- ei pakattu "to pack" kammata kamma- ei kammattu "to comb" kiivetä kiive- ei kiivettu "to climb" tarvita tarvit- ei tarvittu "to need" hallita halli- ei hallittu "to control," "to mainita maini- ei mainittu rule" "to mention"

3. Using the Passive Past Tense

As mentioned before, you can use the passive tense when you don't know who exactly did or didn't do something, or when you don't want to express who the subject was.

For example:

1. Hänet valittiin Miss Universumiksi 80-luvulla. "She was chosen to be Miss Universe in the 80's."

2. Autooni murtauduttiin viime yönä. "My car was broken into last night."

3. Jauhotkin jauhettiin ennen vanhaan käsin. "In the olden days even the flour was milled by hand."

4. Kanasalaattia ei syöty niin paljon kuin lohisalaattia. "The chicken salad wasn't eaten as much as the salmon salad."

5. Toimistossa ei osattu kertoa minne voin lähettää tämän paperin. "(They) couldn't tell me at the office where I can send this paper to."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Periaatteessa se on lanka, jonka varassa roikkuu punnus. Punnus on painava, minkä ansiosta lanka muodostaa pystysuoran linjan. "In principle, it is a thread from which a weight is hanging. The weight is heavy, which is why the thread makes a perpendicular line."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 13 2. Kyllä. Ennen vanhaan niitä käytettiin enemmänkin, nykyään on paljon myös elektronisia mittalaitteita. "Yes. In the olden days they were used even more, and nowadays there are also lots of electronic measuring devices."

Sample Sentences

1. Tällä välineellä mitattiin ennen etäisyyksiä. "Distances used to be measured with this tool."

2. Juna on kulkuväline, mikä kulkee kiskoilla. "A train is a mode of transport that goes on tracks."

3. Torilla pidettiin eilen markkinat, minkä vuoksi siellä on nyt hiukan sotkuista. "A fair was held at the square yesterday, which is why it is a little bit messy there at the moment."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Cof f ee in Finland

Surprisingly, the Finns drink the most coffee in the world.

The reason may lie in the dark autumns and winters, as coffee is drunk as a pick- me-up throughout the day. Finns drink an average of twelve kilograms of coffee per person per year.

The first load of coffee arrived in Sweden-Finland most likely in 1685. Coffee started to arrive in Finland from the 1720s with the bourgeois class of Turku. Coffee was first drunk only among the established classes, but slowly spread to be a stimulant for the whole nation. The first small roastery was established in 1883, but properly speaking industrial roasting didn't start until 1904 when Paulig started to roast coffee. Paulig is still an important and significant coffee roaster in Finland.

Coffee is an integral part of Finnish cuisine, as it is enjoyed both in daily life and on festive occasions. Each major celebration, from christening to weddings and funerals, features coffee as an important part of the dining.

Coffee is usually easily available at cafés, restaurants, kiosks, shops, and public

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 14 transport. Many restaurants include a free cup of coffee after the main dish.

Workplaces give their employees usually two shorter breaks in a day, and these breaks are commonly called "coffee breaks" and are when many employees enjoy a cup of fresh coffee.

Finns prefer a lighter roast coffee, with approximately 94% of the coffee sold in Finland being lightly roasted and the other 6% being dark roasted or specialty coffees.

Simple filter coffee is still the most popular form of coffee in Finland, with possibly some added sugar, milk, or cream. Pannukahvi, pot roasted coffee, possibly made over an open flame, is also a favorite especially among hunters and hikers.

Specialty coffees started to be trendy from the 1990s, when specialty coffees and American-style coffee houses started to appear on the street. Nowadays many households also have their own coffee machines which can make espressos, lattes, or macchiatos.

Useful expression:

1. suodatinkahvi, pannukahvi, erikoiskahvi "filter coffee," "pot roasted coffee," "specialty coffee"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #24 - WHAT DOES THIS FI NNIS H WORD MEAN? 15 LESSON NOTES Intermediate S1 #25 Working to a Deadline in Finland

CONTENTS

2 Finnish 2 English 3 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 5 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 9 Cultural Insight

# 25

1. Jukka: Aino, osastopäällikkömme ihmetteli, miksi kuukausiraportti on myöhässä.

2. Aino: Odota pieni hetki, niin tarkistan yhden asian sähköpostista.

3. Jukka: Selvä.

4. Aino: Jaanan tulostin meni eilen rikki, joten hän ei voinut tulostaa sitä vielä. Hän myös ihmetteli, milloin seuraava kokous on.

5. Jukka: Ahaa. Seuraava kokous on ensi maanantaina. Mutta palatakseni vielä raporttiin, meidän pitäisi toimittaa se tänään.

6. Aino: Minä soitan Jaanalle ja kysyn, eikö hän voisi mennä tulostusliikkeeseen tulostamaan raporttia.

7. Jukka: Pysyäksemme aikataulussa, raportti täytyy toimittaa viimeistään huomenna aamulla.

ENGLISH

1. Jukka: Aino, the head of our department was wondering why the monthly report is late.

2. Aino: Wait a moment, and I'll check one thing in the email.

3. Jukka: All right.

4. Aino: Jaana's printer broke yesterday, so she couldn't print it out yet. She was also wondering when the next meeting is.

5. Jukka: Oh. The next meeting is next Monday. But to return to the report, we should deliver it today.

CONT'D OVER

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #25 - WORKING TO A DEADLI NE I N FI NLAND 2 6. Aino: I will call Jaana and ask whether she could go to the print shop and print the report.

7. Jukka: In order to stay on schedule, the report must be submitted by tomorrow morning at the latest.

VOCABULARY

Finnish English Class

osastopäällikkö head of department noun

kuukausiraportti monthly report noun

mennä rikki to break verb

ihmetellä to wonder verb

seuraava next noun

toimittaa to deliver verb

pysyä to stay verb

aikataulu schedule noun

viimeistään at the latest adverb

tulostaa to print verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Osastopäällikkö irtisanoutui Minun täytyy saada tänä aamuna. kuukausiraportti valmiiksi tänä

iltana. "The head of the department resigned this morning." "I must get the monthly report done this evening."

Pyöräni meni rikki. Ihmettelen, missä veljeni viipyy.

"My bicycle broke." "I wonder where my brother still is."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #25 - WORKING TO A DEADLI NE I N FI NLAND 3 Ihmettelen, kuinka monta Seuraava bussi on täydellinen tähteä on taivaalla. meille .

"I wonder how many stars there "The next bus is perfect for us." are in the sky."

Toimita täytekakku Olemme todella pahoillamme, juhlapaikalle iltapäivällä. mutta emme pysty

toimittamaan jääkaappia "Deliver the cake to the ennalta sovittuun päivään celebration venue in the mennessä. afternoon." "We are terribly sorry, but we are not able to deliver the refrigerator by the scheduled date."

Sohva toimitetaan meille kotiin. Heidän uusi sohvansa

toimitetaan aivan heidän "The sofa will be delivered to our kuistilleen. house for us." "They will have their new couch delivered right to their front porch."

Pysy hetki paikoillasi. Bussin aikataulu on muuttunut.

"Stay still for a moment." "The bus schedule has changed."

Kun aikataulu on asetettu, sitä Isäni tarkisti peliaikataulua ei ole mahdollista muuttaa. innoissaan.

"When the schedule is set, it's "My father was excited checking not possible to change it." the game schedule."

Minun aikatauluni on tyhjä Jos kaikki menee aikataulun huomenna. mukaan, voimme pitää

itseämme onnekkaina. "My schedule is empty tomorrow." "If everything goes according to the schedule, we can consider ourselves lucky."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #25 - WORKING TO A DEADLI NE I N FI NLAND 4 Aion lähteä viimeistään Tulostan kaavakkeet heti kun huomenna. ehdin.

"I am going to leave tomorrow at "I will print the forms as soon as I the latest." have time."

Tulostan tämän sähköpostin.

"I will print this email."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE osastopäällikkö "head of department"

The word osastopäällikkö is made out of two parts; the noun osasto for "department" and the noun päällikkö for "chief" or "head."

You can use this word when referring to the head of any kind of department, for example, in a department store or factory. When referring to a "regional manager" you should use the word aluepäällikkö instead.

For example:

1. Olemme nimenneet uuden osastopäällikön. "We have appointed a new department head." kuukausiraportti "monthly report"

The word kuukausiraportti is made up of two parts; the noun kuukausi for "month," and the noun raportti for "report."

This word can be used whenever referring to a report which is drawn up on a monthly basis. When saying "weekly report" you should say viikkoraportti.

For example:

1. Kuukausiraportti vaikuttaa hyvältä. "The monthly report seems to be good."

GRAMMAR

T he Focus of this Lesson is Using Vocabulary and Phrases to Change

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #25 - WORKING TO A DEADLI NE I N FI NLAND 5 a Topic, Go Back to a Topic, Gain T ime in a Discussion, and Use Indirect Interrogative Sentences Odota pieni hetki, niin tarkistan yhden asian sähköpostista. "Wait a moment, and I shall check one thing f rom email."

1. Using Vocabulary and Phrases to Change the Topic, Go Back to a Topic, and Gaining T ime in a Discussion

There are some certain words and phrases that you can use when you need to change the topic, get attention, or gain time in discussion. Let's have a look at some of these:

Odota pieni hetki, "Wait a (small) moment," is a very useful phrase in many kinds of situations. You can also just say pieni hetki, "just a moment," or odota hetki, "wait a moment."

You can say this when someone is waiting for you, or discussing something with you, but you need to do something else before you can give them your attention.

For example:

1. Odota pieni hetki, niin tarkistan yhden asian sähköpostista. "Wait a moment, and I'll check one thing in the email."

Anteeksi, saanko keskeyttää?, "Excuse me, may I interrupt?"

This phrase lets you draw attention when two or more people are talking about something, and you need to or you wish to express something else on the same matter, or to bring in another urgent topic into discussion.

For example:

1. Anteeksi, saanko keskeyttää? Teille on kiireellinen puhelu. "Excuse me, may I interrupt? You have an urgent call."

Palatakseni, "To return to"

This expression is useful when you want to revert the topic to a previous one.

It is useful when the discussion has diverted off-topic and you want to get back to it.

You can add different nouns in in the illative case to express "where" you want to

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #25 - WORKING TO A DEADLI NE I N FI NLAND 6 return to: palatakseni asiaan, "to return to the topic," palatakseni tähän sähköpostiin, "to return to this email," etc.

For example:

1. Palatakseni vielä raporttiin, meidän pitäisi toimittaa se tänään. "To return to the report, we should deliver it today."

Pysyäkseni/Pysyäksemme, "In order to stay.."

This expression is ensuring that something gets done. It can be also used to ensure that the discussion doesn't get side-tracked to an irrelevant topic. Then you can say pysyäkseni aiheessa, "in order to stay on topic."

For example:

1. Pysyäksemme aikataulussa, raportti täytyy toimittaa viimeistään huomenna aamulla. "In order to stay on schedule, the report must be submitted no later than tomorrow morning."

Muuten, "by the way"

This word can be used to casually inquire about something, and it can be used to change the topic.

For example:

1. Oletko muuten käynyt Kiasmassa? "By the way, have you been to Kiasma?"

2. Def inition of Indirect Interrogative Sentences

Epäsuorat kysymyslauseet, "indirect interrogative sentences," are subordinate clauses which begin with question words like kuka, "who," miksi, "why," miten, "how," kumpi, "which," and koska, "when." The question words formed with the endings -ko and -kö can also start indirect interrogative sentences.

Even though these sentences feature question words, they are not usually actual interrogative sentences, instead they are statements. These sentences don't end with an interrogation mark, unless they end a sentence, where the main sentence is

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #25 - WORKING TO A DEADLI NE I N FI NLAND 7 also in a question form.

3. Using Indirect Interrogative Sentences

The indirect interrogative are often used to report what someone else had said or asked:

1. Osastopäällikkömme ihmetteli, miksi kuukausiraportti on myöhässä. "Our head of department was wondering why the monthly report is late."

2. Hän ihmetteli, milloin seuraava kokous on. "She was wondering when the next meeting is."

3. Vartijat kysyivät asiakkailta, mihin suuntaan myymälävarkaat pakenivat. "The security guards asked the customers in which direction the shoplifters escaped."

4. Opettajani ihmetteli, miksi emme olleet tehneet kotitehtäviä. "My teacher was wondering why we hadn't done our homework."

Sometimes they are also used as a statement, by using the -ko/-kö questions:

1. Soitan Jaanalle ja kysyn, eikö hän voisi mennä tulostusliikkeeseen tulostamaan raportin. "I will call Jaana and ask whether she could go to the print shop to print the report."

2. Tarkistan sihteeriltä, josko kokoushuone olisi jo vapaa. "I will check with the secretary whether the meeting room would be available already."

Examples from the dialogue:

1. Ahaa. Seuraava kokous on ensi maanantaina. Mutta palatakseni vielä raporttiin, meidän pitäisi toimittaa se tänään. "Oh. The next meeting is on next Monday. But to return to the report, we should deliver it today."

2. Minä soitan Jaanalle ja kysyn, eikö hän voisi mennä tulostusliikkeeseen tulostamaan raportin. "I will call Jaana and ask whether she could go to the print shop to print the report."

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #25 - WORKING TO A DEADLI NE I N FI NLAND 8 Sample Sentences

1. Naapuri kysyi, mihin suuntaan koira juoksi. "The neighbor asked which direction the dog ran in."

2. Johtaja mietti, miksi tilaukset olivat myöhässä. "The director was wondering why the orders were running late."

3. Jos voit odottaa hetken,niin käyn kopioimassa nämä paperit. "If you can wait for a moment I will go and copy these papers."

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Benef its f or Finnish Of f ice Workers

Some Finnish employers offer different kinds of benefits for their workers. These benefits contribute to the well-being of the staff, and therefore are an advantage for the business as well because the staff will feel more motivated and energetic and call in sick less. The benefits and environment offered by the companies have become an asset, which may sometimes be more important than the offered salary.

Offices are being developed in a new kind of way. The spaces are becoming multi- functional, i.e. so-called multi-space-offices, which can be modified according to the situation. Many offices offer different kinds of spaces for different kinds of needs. In addition to regular meeting rooms, there are meeting rooms which allow relaxation with comfortable seating, floor cushions, or even bean bag chairs. Some offices have erected "green curtains" in order to cleanse the office air with the power of plants. Sound-proofed phone booths or rooms ensure you can have phone or online meetings without disturbance, or without disturbing others either. Employees can enjoy their breaks by playing billiards, ping-pong, or Playstation, and some workplaces are now also offering rooms or spaces for sleeping or deep relaxation. As many Finns bond with their colleagues, it's relatively common for people to enjoy their leisure time with their colleagues as well. These new kind of office spaces can therefore be also used for communal events among workers, like presentations, movie nights, and parties. The leaders in this trend are businesses that operate in the creative fields, but also many governmental and municipal offices have started to develop their spaces.

Another trend is working while standing, and adjustable furniture has become quite common in order to achieve the optimal ergonomic working position for everyone.

Remote-working is also relatively common nowadays, and therefore some offices

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #25 - WORKING TO A DEADLI NE I N FI NLAND 9 don't offer permanent work space for everyone, as the attendance rate isn't 100% anymore. People will change their desk or work space each day, and in some offices they can choose the kind of environment that is suitable for them and the task in hand. White noise and sound masking are new techniques that are used to control noise levels at the office and make the sounds at the workplace pleasant for everyone.

Some employers reward their employees and enhance their well-being by giving them vouchers for exercise and cultural benefits. These vouchers promote well- being and freedom of choice, as the vouchers can be used as a method of payment at a network of selected exercise spots and cultural facilities all over Finland. The vouchers can be used for, among other things, gyms, museums, concerts, participatory culture events, theatres, sports events, and movie theaters.

Useful expression:

1. monitilatoimisto, etätyö "multi-space-office," "remote work"

FI NNIS HPOD101.COM I NTERMEDIATE S 1 #25 - WORKING TO A DEADLI NE I N FI NLAND 10 Intro 13 Is Your Favorite Finnish Store Having a Sale? 1 A Finnish Job Interview 14 Finding Your Way in Finland 2 Is There a Cold Snap on the Way in Finland? 15 Giving Your Opinion in Finnish 3 Deciding on Winter Activities in Finland 16 Opening a Finnish Bank Account 4 An Emergency Situation in Finland 17 Are You Having Trouble Deciding on Dinner in 5 How Do You Like Your Chances in Finland? Finland? 6 What's Wrong with your Finnish Camera? 18 Making a Complaint in Finnish 7 Which Finnish Restaurant Are You Dining At? 19 A Different Kind of Finnish Store 8 Describing an Accident in Finnish 20 A Great Business Idea in Finland 9 Booking a Dentist Appointment in Finnish 21 Which Finnish Book Would You Like to Read? 10 Visiting a Finnish Dentist 22 Adventures at a Finnish Book Store 11 Shopping for Apartments in Finland 23 Do You Need a Finnish Handyman? 12 What's the Real Price of this Finnish Shirt? 24 What Does this Finnish Word Mean? 25 Working to a Deadline in Finland