Gui Human Rights Challenges lor the flew Millennium

The University of Press [ Contents

ix Acknowledgements xi Introduction

• Peace, Justice and Freedom: Human Rights Challenges in the New Millennium 3 Message to the International Conference on Universal Rights and Human Values AUNG SAN SUU KYI 5 What Comes After Conflict and Repression? DESMOND M. TUTU 11 The Challenge of the Future for Human Rights MARY ROBINSON 15 Towards a Human Rights Culture ANTONIO LAMER 19 Vision and Reality: The Declaration Fifty Years Later ANNE McLELLAN 27 Half a Century of Human Rights 31 Human Rights and Foreign Policy LLOYD AXWORTHY

• Human Rights and Transnational Corporations: People or Profits? 41 People Before Profits: The Ogoni Experience and Shell OWENS WIWA 47 Globalization and Ethical Profits WARREN ALLMAND 53 The Environmental and Civil Rights Movements: Their Similarities and Challenges JIM BUTLER

• Human Rights and Responsibilities 59 History Repeats Itself WEI JINGSHENG 61 Vietnam and Human Rights: A Call for International Pressure DOAN VIET HOAT 65 The Case of International Trade Agreements J. EDWARD BROADBENT •i Protecting Refugees from Persecution: The Right to Sanctuary 75 I am a Refugee LOUIS KUOL AROP 79 Refugees and the Sanctuary Movement MARY JOLEDDY 83 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Fifty Years Later DAVID MATAS 95 Protecting Those Who Flee Abuse ANNE F. BAYEFSKY

WM The Economy, the Environment and Human Rights: Cross Currents or Parallel Streams? 107 A Village of Widows CINDY KENNY GILDAY 119 The Ecological Rights of Humans D.W. SCHINDLER 127 Achieving the Right Balance: Economic, Environmental and Human Development in Syncrude's World ERIC P. NEWELL

^1 Crimes Against Humanity and Their Punishment 137 Crimes Against Humanity and the Law LESLIE C. GREEN 157 Justice and Crimes Against Humanity JULES DESCHENES 163 Military Sexual Slavery: Crimes Against Humanity INDAILOURDESSAJOR

• Are We Our Brothers' and Sisters' Keepers? 183 From Witness to Advocate NATHANIEL BIMBA 187 Human Rights Defenders in the Global Village ROGER CLARK 193 Basic Human Rights—It's Time ANNE McGRATH 199 Young People Mobilizing on Human Rights Issues DARREN E. LUND 207 A Question of Caring and Sharing HUGUETTE LABELLE •I Human Rights and Indigenous People: A Global Search for Justice 213 Recognizing the Rights of Indigenous Peoples JUAN LEON 217 Indigenous Internationalism Today OLGA HAVNEN 229 A Global Search for Justice DOREEN SPENCE

Hi Bioethics and Biotechnology: Building a Human Rights Framework 237 Human Rights, Bioethics and Disability DICK SOBSEY 245 The Biotechnology Era: A Story of Two Lives and Two Worlds SOLOMON R. BENATAR 259 Human Rights and Genomics BARTHA MARIA KNOPPERS

Hi Recognizing the Inherent Dignity and Rights of Women: A Mirage in the Distance? 269 Women of the Millennium PAMELA A. JEFFERIES 275 Turning the Rhetoric into Reality MICHELLE FALARDEAU-RAMSAY 281 The Practice of Female Genital Mutilation in Mali: A Violation of Physical Integrity FATOUMATA SIRE DIAKITE

Hi Sexuality, Discrimination and Human Rights 289 Lesbian and Gay Rights MARTHA A. MCCARTHY 303 Sexual Orientation and Human Rights in Europe DANIEL BORRILLO 313 The Fragile Progress of Human Rights and Sexuality SVEND ROBINSON

Hi Effective Remedies for Violations of Fundamental Rights 321 The Responsibilities of the State ROSALIE SILBERMAN ABELLA 327 Human Rights Are Our Inalienable Inheritance M.N. VENKATACHALIAH Hi Freedom of Expression in a Multimedia Universe: Rights, Limits and Dangers 335 The Principles of Freedom of Expression IRWIN COTLER 351 Freedom of Speech in Israel DAN YAKIR 357 Rights, Limits and Dangers of Freedom of Expression WILLIAM THORSELL

Hi The Challenge of Different Cultures, Different Religions: A Common Standard of Achievement for All Peoples and Nations? 365 The Universality of Human Rights MAXWELL YALDEN 373 The International Community and Human Rights LIM KIT SIANG 377 Religion, Ethnicity, Culture and the Common Standard UJJAL DOSANJH 383 UNESCO and Human Rights FRANCINE FOURNIER

Hi Global Security and Human Rights: The Case for Disarmament 391 Nuclear Weapons and the Rightto Peace DOUGLAS ROCHE 397 The Need to Control Conventional Weapons GEOFFREY A.H. PEARSON 401 Teaching the Public About Weapons of Mass Destruction FERNANDO AND SUSANA DESOUZA BARROS

Hi Meeting the Challenges: Disability, Poverty and Children in Need 409 The Elusive Quest for Human Rights ZUHY SAYEED 419 Beyond the Rhetoric MIDGE CUTHILL

425 Appendix I: Universal Declaration of Human Rights 431 Appendix II: The Resolution 433 About the Editors