"The Conceit of This Inconstant Stay": Shakespeare's Philosophical Conquest of Time Through Personification
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The Dark Lady of the Merchant of Venice
3 The dark lady of The Merchant of Venice ‘The Sonnets of Shakespeare offer us the greatest puzzle in the history of English literature.’ So began the voyage of Alfred Leslie Rowse (1903–97) through the murky waters cloaking the identi- ties of four persons associated with the publication in 1609 of Shakespeare’s ‘sugared sonnets’: the enigmatic ‘Mr. W.H.’ cited in the forepages as ‘onlie begetter’ of the poems; the unnamed ‘fair youth’ addressed in sonnets 1–126; the ‘rival poet’ who surfaces and submerges in sonnets 78–86; and the mysterious ‘dark lady’ celebrated and castigated in sonnets 127–52.1 Doubtless, even as Thomas Thorpe’s edition was passing through George Eld’s press, London’s mice-eyed must have begun their search for the shadowy four; it has not slacked since. As to those nominated as ‘Mr. W.H.’, the list ranges from William Herbert to Henry Wroithesley (with initials reversed) to William Harvey (Wroithesley’s stepfather). In 1964 Leslie Hotson proposed one William Hatcliffe of Lincolnshire [!], while Thomas Tyrwitt, Edmond Malone, and Oscar Wilde all favoured a (fictional) boy actor, Willie Hughes. Among candidates for the ‘fair youth’, Henry Wroithesley, Earl of Southampton (1573–1624), appears to have outlasted all comers. Those proposed as the rival poet include Christopher Marlowe (more interested in boys than ladies dark or light); Samuel Daniel (Herbert’s sometime tutor);2 Michael Drayton, drinking partner of Jonson and Shakespeare; George Chapman, whose Seaven Bookes of the Iliades (1598) were a source for Troilus and Cressida; and Barnabe Barnes, lampooned by Nashe as ‘Barnaby Bright’ in Have with you to Saffron-Walden. -
By William Shakespeare: Translation Studies
TRANSLATION PROCESS IN “SONET 12” BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: TRANSLATION STUDIES Mayasari Faculty of Languages and Communication, Universitas Harapan Medan, Indonesia ABSTRACT The paper revisits the concepts of translation process by Newmark (1988). Translation as a product is a written text in a target language as the end result of a translation process for a source-language text. Following the Newmark‟s (1988) theory, the writer analyzed the text around the analysis of the source text, transfer of the text into the target language and revision of the translation. Keywords: Translation Process, Newmark’s Theory, Sonet 12 INTRODUCTION language by the same message or statement in another language” Since the study discusses the Newmark emphasizes that translation translation analysis, the definition of is a process of rendering written translation should to be known. Here message, from source language to some definition of translation from target language without adding or experts. According to Newmark reducing the message. The following is (1988:7) “Translation is a craft a diagram about how to translate a text consisting in the attempt to replace a by Newmark (1988:4): written message statement in one writers, norms, culture and setting and tradition. TranslatorS should keep the originality of each Lelement from the source language. The only change on the translation processc is the form. The form of the source languageu is changed by the form of the targetl language. The form of language trefers to words, phrases, clauses,u sentences, paragraphs, etc. r Furthermore, translator should consider the In translating a text, there are appropriate form in the target language four important elements, they are such as lexicon and grammatical 193 structure. -
The Use of Geometric Conceits in Exposition of Love in Metaphysical Poetry *
IIUC STUDIES ISSN 1813-7733 Vol. – 3, December 2006 (p 45-54) The Use of Geometric Conceits in Exposition of Love in Metaphysical Poetry ∗ Md. Eftekhar Uddin Abstract: The language, used by Metaphysical poets is highly evocative and infused with multi-dimensional meaning. It demands comprehension and sensitivity on the part of the reader to grasp out the inner aspect of a poem. Love, being a universal feeling gets expression through the hands of different poets in different ways. The exposition of love in Metaphysical poems has shaped up in a unique way because of the juxtaposition of geometry in it. Straight line and circular line are the two components of geometry. Straight line being regarded as imperfect one as it has no limit and end is used as a vehicle to convey the imperfection of love in Metaphysical poems. On the other hand, circular line, being treated as a perfect one is used to express a harmonious union of love between human beings and also between God and human being. The article aims at exploring such conflation of love with geometry in the poetic works of John Donne, Henry Vaughn, Andrew Marvell and George Herbert, the four major Metaphysical Poets. Since the origins of time, luminaries of the philosophical, theological and literary worlds have been inspired by two of the most elementary geometric figures, the circle and the straight line, to formulate and express original abstractions on arguably life’s most prevalent and powerful emotion, love. Through the poetic verse of John Donne’s ‘A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning’1and Henry Vaughan’s ‘The World’2 an examination of circular conceits will demonstrate the nature and perceptions of love in the context of the Renaissance. -
Poetry-II-Teacher-Sample-3Rd-Ed.Pdf
Contents Contents How to Use This Study Guide with the Text & Literature Notebook ......5 Notes & Instructions to Teacher ....................................................................7 Taking With Us What Matters .......................................................................9 Four Stages to the Central One Idea ............................................................13 How to Mark a Book ......................................................................................18 THE ENGLISH RENAISSANCE PERIOD Introduction ................................................................................................... 22 Basic Features & Background ....................................................................... 24 Queen Elizabeth On Monsieur’s Departure ............................................................................. 30 Speech to the Troops at Tilbury ..................................................................... 33 Edmund Spenser – from The Faerie Queene, Canto I ..............................................37 Christopher Marlowe – The Passionate Shepherd to His Love ...............................47 Sir Walter Raleigh – The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd .......................................50 Sir Philip Sidney – Sonnet 31 ...............................................................................................54 George Peele – A Farewell to Arms .....................................................................................57 Robert Southwell – The Burning Babe .............................................................................60 -
" Fearful Meditations " : Pondering Posterity in Shakespeare K Sonnets
" Fearful Meditations " : Pondering Posterity in Shakespeare k Sonnets Brian Chalk Brandeis University ln Seven Types of Ambigutl).', William Empson calls aftention to the way in which reading Shakespeare's Sonnet 73, with the destruction of England's pre-Refor- mation monuments in mind, enhances our ability to experience the pathos the poem generates. As a result of the work of mid sixteenth-century iconoclasts, Empson ob- serves, the lrees without leaves, or "tbe bare mined choirs where late the sweet birds sang" of the opening quahain appeared to passersby as ruined monasterles. While the line is "still good" if the reader neglects to consider the allusion, he continues. "the effect ofthe poetry is heightened" ifwe'think back to its historical setting." Indeed, applying Empson's insight to earlier sonnets in the sequence reveals that many of them bring us into even closer contact with England's iconoclastic past. Sonnet 64, for ex- ample, provides a more direct portrait of the shaping power the sight ofdeshoyed reli- gious structures had on those subjects confronted by them. Shakespeare's speaker has seen the "lofty towers" and "brass etemal" built by prior generations decayed by time and subjected to "mortal rage," and the experience has left him skeptical that manmade achievements are capable of w'ithstanding the test of time (3-4): Ruin hath taught me thus to ruminate. That time will come and take my love away. This thought is as a death, which cannot choose But weep to have that which it fears to lose. ( I I -l4i lnstead of resloring the speaker's faith in the ability of memory to survive beyond death, the sight of the "ruin" or '?uins" surrounding him have "taught" him to con- clude that the desire to immortalize love only ensures its temporality. -
American Dante Bibliography for 1959.Pdf
American Dante Bibliography for 1959 Anthony L. Pellegrini This bibliography is intended to include the Dante translations published in this country in 1959, and all Dante studies and reviews published in 1959 that are in any sense American. The latter criterion is construed to include foreign reviews of Dante publications by Americans. Translations Dante Alighieri. The Divine Comedy. Illustrated by Umberto Romano. Garden City, N.Y.: Garden City Books/ Doubleday and Company, 1959. Essentially a re-issue, omitting the color plates, of the original edition published in 1946 under the imprint of Doubleday and Company. The illustrations retained are line drawings. There is a section of notes to the text, which, though not actually identified, is the translation by Henry F. Cary. Dante Alighieri. The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. I. Inferno. With translation and comment by John D. Sinclair. New York: Oxford University Press, 1959. This is a paperback edition identical to the hard-cover edition of 1948. The translation, in prose, with the original Italian on opposite pages, is based on the critical text of the Società Dantesca Italiana; “the few departures . from that text are limited to readings adopted either in Moore’s or Casella’s texts.” Each canto is very briefly annotated and followed by a “Note,” or commentary. In a preface, Mr. Sinclair acknowledges his indebtedness to major recent commentaries and studies, from Scartazzini to Croce, from which he has quoted freely. There is a short note on Dante’s Hell and a diagram of the punitive system. Dante Alighieri. “The Purgatorio: Canto II, by Dante Alighieri.” Translated by John Ciardi. -
Teaching Shakespeare's Sonnets
Teaching Shakespeare’s Sonnets: time as fracture in sonnets 18, 60 and 63 Miguel Martínez López UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA Literary studies on the Sonnets before the seventies were usually part of larger works on Sha- kespeare or on the sonnet. Specialization and detailed analyses of individual and groups of sonnets is absolutely necessary before attempting any further generalizations, which so far have led nowhere.1 In this paper I suggest a possible approach to the discussion of Shakespeare’s poetic stance as regards the intellectual metamorphosis of human apprehension of time at the dawn of the Modern Age. My reading and analysis of three of the «time-sonnets» (nos. 18, 60 & 73) is set within the context of a final-year or graduate class, minimally fluent in rhetoric, in basic medieval and Renaissance philosophy and in the intellectual history of this period.2 My central contention is that Shakespeare superbly epitomizes in his poetry and drama the fear of death resulting from a radical change in the apprehension of time: time passus (the form typical of the M. A.) becomes now time fractus.3 Humankind is and has always been fearful of death (the ultimate consequence of the passing of time) but there is a historical period -broadly between the mid-fourteenth century and the mid-seventeenth century- in which existential anguish has been at its highest. For three centuries, a series of endless calamities assaulted Europe: the Black Death, the Hundred-Year War, the invasions of the Turks, the Great Schism of the Reformation… . In the Autumn of the M. -
Betrayal in the Life of Edward De Vere & the Works of Shakespeare
Brief Chronicles V (2014) 47 Betrayal in the Life of Edward de Vere & the Works of Shakespeare Richard M. Waugaman* “The reasoned criticism of a prevailing belief is a service to the proponents of that belief; if they are incapable of defending it, they are well advised to abandon it. Any substantive objection is permissible and encouraged; the only exception being that ad hominem attacks on the personality or motives of the author are excluded.” — Carl Sagan e have betrayed Shakespeare. We have failed to recognize his true identity. Any discussion of the theme of betrayal in his works must Wbegin here. We psychoanalysts have also betrayed Freud, in “analyzing” rather than evaluating objectively Freud’s passionately held belief during his final years that “William Shakespeare” was the pseudonym of the Elizabethan courtier poet and playwright Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford (1550-1604).1 Freud realized that one unconscious motive for our betrayal of Shakespeare2 is our implacable wish to idealize him. That is, we prefer to accept the traditional author not just in spite of how little we know about him, but precisely because we know so little about him. Thus, we can more easily imagine that this shadowy inkblot of a figure was as glorious a person as are his literary creations. The real Shakespeare was a highly flawed human being who knew betrayal first-hand, since his childhood, from both sides, both as betrayer and betrayed. * This article was originally published in Betrayal: Developmental, Literary, and Clinical Realms, edited by Salman Akhtar (published by Karnac Books in 2013), and is reprinted with kind per- mission of Karnac Books. -
John Donne's Art of Conceit
Journal of Literature and Art Studies, December 2020, Vol. 10, No. 12, 1087-1096 doi: 10.17265/2159-5836/2020.12.001 D DAVID PUBLISHING John Donne’s Art of Conceit LI Zheng-shuan LI Yun-hua School of Foreign Languages, Hebei Normal University, School of Languages and Cultures, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050016, China Shijiazhuang, 050031, China John Donne’s poetry is noted for its use of conceit. The reason why his poems have special charm is not only that he is able to master this rhetorical device skillfully, but also that he has made conceit into a mode of thinking. Therefore, conceit carries his philosophical speculation, love oath and religious piety, and this unique expression produces novel effect of defamiliarization and strengthens the emotional tension of his poetry. Keywords: John Donne’s poetry, defamiliarization Introduction Conceit, which has attracted the attention of many critics, is the most prominent artistic feature of John Donne (1572-1631). T.S. Eliot regarded conceit as a figure of speech. According to him, conceit was the refinement and deepening of a figure of speech which could only be realized by creative thinking (Li, 2001, pp. 24-25). Conceit, being novel, aims to attract readers as a mixture of similes, metaphors, analogies and other rhetorical methods with unique imagery and mysterious thinking. Donne’s conceit is an innovation. He abandoned the traditional rhetorical methods and boldly introduced philosophical reasoning and unique images into metaphor and analogy, thus forming his own unique rhetorical art. The special charm of Donne’s poetry lies not only in his mastery of this rhetorical device, but also in his elevation of conceits to a mode of thinking. -
Exploring Shakespeare's Sonnets with SPARSAR
Linguistics and Literature Studies 4(1): 61-95, 2016 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/lls.2016.040110 Exploring Shakespeare’s Sonnets with SPARSAR Rodolfo Delmonte Department of Language Studies & Department of Computer Science, Ca’ Foscari University, Italy Copyright © 2016 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Shakespeare’s Sonnets have been studied by rhetorical devices. Most if not all of these facets of a poem literary critics for centuries after their publication. However, are derived from the analysis of SPARSAR, the system for only recently studies made on the basis of computational poetry analysis which has been presented to a number of analyses and quantitative evaluations have started to appear international conferences [1,2,3] - and to Demo sessions in and they are not many. In our exploration of the Sonnets we its TTS “expressive reading” version [4,5,6]1. have used the output of SPARSAR which allows a Most of a poem's content can be captured considering full-fledged linguistic analysis which is structured at three three basic levels or views on the poem itself: one that covers macro levels, a Phonetic Relational Level where phonetic what can be called the overall sound pattern of the poem - and phonological features are highlighted; a Poetic and this is related to the phonetics and the phonology of the Relational Level that accounts for a poetic devices, i.e. words contained in the poem - Phonetic Relational View. -
The Integrity of a Shakespeare Sonnet L
CHAPTER I THE INTEGRITY OF A SHAKESPEARE SONNET L. C. Knights has described Shake-speares Sonnets as "a miscellane- ous collection of poems, written at different times, for different purposes, and with very different degrees of poetic intensity."' This means, as Knights perfectly understood, that whereas each individual sonnet is a dis- cernible product of Shakespeare's art, the collection taken as a whole is not;* or, to focus this more sharply, that the poet's artistic responsibility be- gins and ends within the bounds of each sonnet. The separate sonnets reflect upon one another, of course, just as Shakespeare's separate plays do; and, again as in the case of the plays, Shakespeare has sometimes suggested sub- stantial links between different ones of them. The formal and expressive outlines of the individual sonnets are emphatic, however, and, as this chap- ter will argue, decisive. "The first necessity of criticism" is then, as Knights pointed out, "to assess each poem independently on its own merits.'" Knights's position is enhanced by a valuable observation recently made by Stephen Booth that "most of the sonnets become decreasingly complex as they proceed."-' As a "token demonstration" of their decreasing figurative complexity, Booth cites the fact that the conventional figure of time or death as an old man makes six of its seven appearances in the whole collection either within a third quatrain or a couplet; his individual discussions of Sonnets 12, 60, and 73 provide examples of more general poetic decline. Testimony for Booth's observation-and for Knights's point-is supplied by G. -
Download Booklet
ILJA REIJNGOUD QUARTET featuring Fay Claassen The Shakespeare Album Ilja Reijngoud – trombone, compositions Fay Claassen – vocals Martijn van Iterson – guitar Marius Beets – bass Marcel Serierse – drums Special Guest Paul Heller – tenor saxophone* 1. Sonnet 32. William Shakespeare. Composition Ilja Reijngoud (5:19) If thou survive my well-contented day… 2. Sonnet 89. William Shakespeare. Composition Ilja Reijngoud (6:33) Say that thou didst forsake me for some fault… 3. Sonnet 22. William Shakespeare. Composition Ilja Reijngoud (7:59) My glass shall not persuade me I am old… (*) 4. Sonnet 106. William Shakespeare. Composition Ilja Reijngoud (6:24) When in the chronicle of wasted time… 5. Introduction (0:49) 6. Sonnet 36. William Shakespeare. Composition Ilja Reijngoud (7:34) Let me confess that we two must be twain… 7. Sonnet 18. William Shakespeare. Composition Ilja Reijngoud (6.41) Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?... 8. English heart. Composition Ilja Reijngoud (6:43) 9. Helas. Oscar Wilde. Composition Ilja Reijngoud (6:42) 10. Canzonet. Oscar Wilde. Composition Ilja Reijngoud (5:14) 11. Never Alone. Composition Ilja Reijngoud (7:15) Fay(Total time 67:30) Ilja Reijngoud – trombone, compositions Fay Claassen – vocals Ilja Martijn van Iterson – guitar Marius Beets – bass Marcel Serierse – drums Special Guest Paul Heller – tenor saxophone* This album is a live recording of a concert given by the Ilja Reijngoud Quartet with Fay Claassen, in which the texts of William Shakespeare take center stage. The best-known and best-loved sonnets of Shakespeare have been set to music by Ilja with much devotion and care. Inspired by two marvelous poems from the pen of Oscar Wilde, Ilja composed two additional songs to complete this album.