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2016 ISSUE 1
THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE UNITED STATES GEOSPATIAL INTELLIGENCE FOUNDATION
AINTELLIGENCE GLOBAL ENTERPRISE
THE INTELLIGENCE AND DEFENSE COMMUNITIES OVERHAUL IT ARCHITECTURE TO EMBRACE DATA SHARING Profi les in real-world expertise » MARK GIACONIA Then: Army Green Beret Now: Geospatial So ware Engineer Big Data Savant
Dozens of Special Ops missions in Iraq, Bosnia, and Kosovo give Mark Giaconia a unique perspective on Big Data Analytics.
Q: How does having been there infl uence your work? Q: How are you solving that problem today? I understand risk… because I lived it. That helps me anticipate It’s all about using open source intelligence: blending multi- which questions these massive data sets have to answer. spectral imagery with unconventional data. I just developed One of my biggest motivators is getting the right data into an application that turned a livestream of tweets into geo- the mix. spatial intel. Q: In retrospect, what challenges stand out? Q: What USG mission are you serving? Not being able to share data with coalition partners was a I blend data to provide answers for intelligence analysts huge frustration. That made it hard to collaborate —and and military planners. My goal is to innovate every day and stay cranked up the risk. ahead of whatever they need.
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A crew from New Jersey’s Public Service Enterprise Group works to restore power after Hurricane Sandy. PHOTO COURTESY OF PSE&G OF COURTESY PHOTO
02 | VANTAGE POINT Features 32 | MEMBERSHIP PULSE Farewell and thank you to USGIF restructures Dr. Max Baber. membership in response 14 | A GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE to expanding GEOINT ENTERPRISE 04 | INTSIDER Community. Hera Systems to launch The intelligence and defense new satellite constellation; 34 | HORIZONS mandatory UAV registra- communities overhaul IT to Reading List; Peer Intel; tion; NASA plans wildfire embrace data sharing, the cloud, and USGIF Events Calendar. detection satellite system; University of Redlands enterprise business processes. 36 | APERTURE Analyzing international receives NSF grant. By Kristin Quinn refugee migration patterns through interactive data 06 | IN MOTION visualization. 2015 GEOINT Commu-
nity Week; fusing Big Data; 24 | SECURITY AND RESILIENCE Correction Small Satellite Workshop. The “Carrying on the Tradecraft” Defending the nation’s critical article in the Q4 2015 issue of trajectory incorrectly stated USGIF 10 | ELEVATE infrastructure, from roads and scholarship winner Crystal English GIS, spatiotemporal analy- is a certified crime and intelligence sis, and critical thinking rail to power and water, analyst for the California Department of Justice (DOJ). English is certi- help West Point’s nationally fied by the California DOJ as a crime recognized orienteering enabled by GEOINT. and intelligence analyst, but is not team shine. By Matt Alderton employed there. We regret the error. TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.com
WEB 2016REPORT 2016 STATE INTELLIGENCE EXCLUSIVE STATE OF GEOINT OF GEOINT INTEGRATION Growing UAS use REPORT Cover story bonus improves critical Download the PDF to material: additional
infrastructure Download the read about tradecraft resources on IC ITE, JIE, 2016 State of GEOINT Report evaluation. at usgif.org trends and predictions. and more. TRJ-039 VANTAGE POINT
USGIF CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD REFLECTING AND LOOKING AHEAD The Honorable Jeffrey K. Harris USGIF CEO AND PUBLISHER Welcome to the first issue of trajectory for 2016. in the academic world. Keith J. Masback I hope you enjoyed the holiday season and had We hired Max to further some time to reflect and reset for the New Year. fulfill our mission as an EXECUTIVE EDITOR Just prior to digging out from “Snowzilla,” USGIF educational foundation. Jordan Fuhr finished leading the effort to produce our second Under Max’s stewardship [email protected] annual State of GEOINT Report. The report we accredited nine colle- offers the opportunity to both reflect on trends of giate GEOINT programs, MANAGING EDITOR Kristin Quinn the past year and reset goals to help address issues bringing the total number [email protected] we face as a GEOINT Community. to 12—with many more The 2016 report includes 40 authors from in the pipeline. Addi- DR. MAX BABER, EDITOR government, industry, and academia contributing tionally, Max managed USGIF’s former director Brad Causey 14 insightful articles on myriad topics including the selection process of academic programs, [email protected] analysis, deep learning, and collaborative intel- for almost $1 million in speaks on a panel during ligence. The State of GEOINT Report is meant scholarship awards. He GEOINT Foreword at the ART DIRECTOR to be a conversation starter. It is an avenue for helped grow a small, GEOINT 2015 Symposium. Gretchen Kirchner Rund the GEOINT Community to raise questions, call pre-symposium gathering [email protected] attention to issues, and share perspectives on where into the content-rich and very popular GEOINT ASSISTANT EDITOR our Community is headed. I encourage you to visit Foreword. Max’s efforts have opened the door for Lindsay Tilton Mitchell USGIF.org to download this year’s report and also the GEOINT Community to work more closely [email protected] to share it broadly with your colleagues. with academics, and in many cases changed The diverse perspectives shared in the report minds about the work we do as a Community. AD SALES are representative of the wide-ranging topics we We all owe Max our sincere appreciation for his Jeff Ley cover in trajectory, at our events, on the web, and dedication to the GEOINT mission. [email protected] via social media. As we manage the final edits to Max’s efforts will directly impact our profes- each issue, I appreciate the topics we’ve covered, sion for many years to come as students who and lament the tremendous number we’ve yet to have attained our GEOINT Certificate move go after. In this issue, Matt Alderton tackles the into the workforce. Further, this year’s GEOINT topic of critical infrastructure protection, highlight- Foreword is shaping up to be another phenom- Trajectory is the official magazine ing the role of GEOINT in effectively planning for enal gathering preceding the May GEOINT 2016 of the United States Geospatial and executing that important mission. Managing Symposium in Orlando. We hope to see you at Intelligence Foundation (USGIF). Editor Kristin Quinn takes on the difficult task of GEOINT 2016 where we’ll gather to learn and defining how the defense and intelligence com- grow professionally, network with colleagues, HOW TO REACH US LETTERS AND COMMENTS munities are reshaping information technology to visit more than 275 exhibiting organizations, and For comments on trajectory, contact facilitate data sharing with IC ITE, JIE, DI2E, and engage in meaningful discussions about this year’s [email protected]. more. Her comprehensive examination chronicles theme: “The GEOINT Revolution.” the success of these efforts to date and paints a Of course we hope to see you at one of our SUBSCRIPTIONS picture of what lies ahead. We asked Kristin to other events early this year, which will include For information on subscribing to do this with regard to commercial imagery in our GEOINTeraction Tuesday, a data analytics trajectory, sign up for free at very first issue. She nailed it then, and I think she’s workshop, and a GEOINT Symposium preview trajectorymagazine.com. done it again here. While fact checking this article, with NGA leadership. We also look forward to one senior official remarked it was the most clear the ongoing growth of USGIF as a professional USGIF MEMBERSHIP and concise articulation of the path forward they association, as we will soon eclipse 1,000 indi- For more information on USGIF or becoming a USGIF member, had seen. I look forward to your thoughts and vidual members. contact 888-MY-USGIF comments on both of these features. I look forward to seeing you in our halls or at (888-698-7443). Speaking of difficult tasks, I’d be remiss if I one of our events sometime soon. Best wishes for didn’t mention Dr. Max Baber has moved on a productive and innovative 2016. TWITTER from USGIF, with an eye toward returning to @trajectorymag teaching, after six successful years leading our academic programs. When I joined USGIF, it PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT struck me that we lacked a dedicated staffer with requisite bona fides to engage effectively with academia and GEOINT-related organizations KEITH J. MASBACK | CEO, USGIF @geointer 847-205-3000 | GLCDELIVERS.COM
2 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1
NEWS UPDATES AND HIGHLIGHTS
HERA SYSTEMS plans to launch its first satellites in October 2016. IMAGE COURTESY OF HERA SYSTEMS HERA OF COURTESY IMAGE HERA SYSTEMS TO LAUNCH FIRST SATELLITES Hera Systems revealed plans to launch The company also plans to offer its its first satellites, which will capture imagery products with analytics and high-resolution earth images and video derived information, easily accessible in near-real time. The constellation on-demand via mobile applications. will be able to collect fresh one-meter Hera Systems secured its initial round and high-resolution imagery and of investment funding and plans to video of any location on the globe. begin launches in October 2016.
NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft has generated more than 4 billion measurements since it launched in 2009.
4 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 PROCRASTINATION TOOLS
INTRO TO GEOGRAPHY NASA TO WORLD EDITION In partnership with Rand LAUNCH McNally Education, educational WILDFIRE app builder Montessorium DETECTION created a new app to help children ages six to eight learn SATELLITE geography. Supporting seven different languages, the NETWORK app teaches the names, locations, shapes, and flags of
IMAGE COURTESY OF NASA OF COURTESY IMAGE countries around the world via challenges, puzzles, and NASA plans to launch a new satellite network to make it easier to predict and drawing exercises. fight wildfires. Named FireSat, the network will encircle the globe with 200 satel- montessorium.com/app/intro-to-geography-world- lites equipped with temperature sensors. The sensors will be able to detect fires edition-2 35-50 feet wide within 15 minutes of inception. NASA aims for the network to be operational by June 2018.
LINE OF SIGHT Want to see which satellites are passing overhead right now? Open-source mapping UNIVERSITY OF REDLANDS startup Mapzen pinpoints RECEIVES NSF GRANT current satellites in orbit and maps their trajectory. Researchers at the Users hover their mouse University of Redlands FAA REQUIRING CONSUMER in Redlands, Calif., over each satellite to learn its name and purpose. UAV REGISTRATIONS received a National PatricioGonzalezVivo.github.io/LineOfSight Science Foundation The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (NSF) grant totaling now requires all consumer unmanned nearly $700,000—the university’s aerial vehicles (UAVs) be registered. The largest NSF award to date. The decision is the result of a U.S. Department grant began Nov. 1 and supports a OPENGEOFICTION of Transportation task force created in two-year pilot program to develop Based on the OpenStreetMap software platform, October to develop recommendations for and test spatial science, technology, OpenGeofiction is a collaborative platform to a UAV registration process. In November, engineering, and mathematics plus create fictional maps. the task force released a report suggesting computing (STEM+C) activities in Build cities, create a UAV operators fill out an online or app- K-5 classrooms. country, or develop based registration form in order to receive an electronic certificate and personal neighborhoods and let one’s registration number. Registration costs $5 imagination do the work! and does not apply to systems weighing opengeofiction.net less than 0.55 pounds. Current UAV own- ers were given until Feb. 19 to complete the process. Visit registermyuas.faa.gov to learn more.
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has mapped more than 3 4 of the moon’s surface.
USGIF.ORG kk TRAJECTORY | 5 IN MOTION | WHAT WE DO 2015 GEOINT COMMUNITY WEEK FUSING BIG DATA NGA’s Ernest Reith speaks at Around 1,000 people attended events during USGIF’s 2015 GEOINT GEOINTeraction Tuesday Community Week Nov. 16–20 in Northern Virginia and beyond. The week of events began with USGIF’s first Small Satellite Workshop, USGIF’s GEOINTeraction Tuesday was hosted a two-day event hosted by the Foundation’s SmallSat Working Group in col- by a USGIF Member Organization for the first laboration with the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) at NGA time in November. Approximately 150 people Campus East in Springfield, Va. The first day was unclassified while the second attended. Held at VRICON’s office in McLean, day included classified sessions. (Read a full recap of this event on page 8). Va., the event kicked off with a ribbon cutting, “By all accounts, the first-ever USGIF Small Satellite Workshop was a huge marking the opening of the company’s new success,” said Rob Zitz, co-chair of USGIF’s SmallSat Working Group and headquarters. senior vice president and chief systems architect of Leidos’ national security Attendees also had the opportunity to net- sector. “All participants—government, industry, and academia—left with a far deeper appreciation of how low-cost, yet highly capable satellites will contribute work and hear from Dr. Ernest Reith, deputy to our national security.” Later in the week, USGIF hosted its annual NGA Tech Showcase East also at NGA Campus East. USGIF’s Geospatial & Remote Sensing Law Working Group held its first event with a workshop focused on legal matters critical to the GEOINT Community. “I was very pleased with both the turnout at the program and the quality of the presentations,” said Kevin Pomfret, co-chair of USGIF’s Geospatial & Remote Sensing Law Working Group as well as executive director of the Centre for Spatial Law and Policy and partner at Williams Mullen. “We also accom- plished our goal of drawing from both industry and government so that we can begin to build a community of lawyers that face similar issues involving the collection, use, storage, and distribution of geospatial information.” The American Geographical Society held its annual Geography 2050 event Nov. 19–20 at Columbia University in New York City. This year’s conference focused on “Exploring Our Future in an Urbanized World.” USGIF CEO Keith Masback moderated a plenary session on the future role of cities in the geo-strategic landscape. Additionally, USGIF Chairman of the Board The Hon- orable Jeffrey K. Harris led an industry panel discussion on urban change. USGIF also participated in George Mason University’s “GIS and Health” event on GIS Day, and the Foundation’s Young Professionals Group held an informal networking event in Arlington, Va. PHOTO FILE USGIF
director of IT services at the National Geospa- tial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). Reith’s speech focused on data fusion. He said the visualization aspect of data fusion, where imagery and 3D merge, provides NGA good representation and context in order to make critical decisions. “We’re on the cusp of the legendary dog catching the car—the car being Big Data,” Reith said. “One piece of that is IC ITE (the Intelligence Community Information Technology Enterprise). Every time [DNI] James Clapper talks about IC ITE, it’s about integration, which goes back to data fusion.” (Read more about IC ITE in our cover story on page 14). Reith also spoke about NGA’s newly released Commercial GEOINT Strategy and how the
USGIF FILE PHOTO FILE USGIF agency’s unclassified GEOINT Pathfinder proj- LAWYERS FROM BOTH industry and government gathered at USGIF’s Geospatial & ect will contribute more data for fusion. Remote Sensing Law Workshop to discuss legal matters related to the GEOINT Community.
6 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 WHAT WE DO | IN MOTION GEOGALA 2015 USGIF’s tenth annual GEOGala was held Nov. 14 at the Hilton McLean Tysons Corner in McLean, Va. This black-tie event brings together more than 400 Intelligence Community leaders, USGIF members, and guests for an evening of networking, delicious food, and dancing. USGIF FILE PHOTOS FILE USGIF IN MOTION | WHAT WE DO
RESILIENCY & LAUNCH Parikh and several other experts also described the threat to space systems as inevitable. “You don’t see the Navy making the case for why it needs to protect an aircraft carrier,” Parikh said. “The same approach is needed for space.” SmallSats inherently provide resiliency because it is much more difficult for an adversary to take out hundreds of satellites as opposed to one large satellite, in addition to the fact that SmallSats are relatively quick and inexpensive to replace. NATIONAL However, the next generation of commercial remote sens- GEOSPATIAL- ing will not make it into space without next generation launch INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Director systems, according to experts on a morning panel titled “The Robert Cardillo spoke Burning Platform.” with reporters during Tom Webber, director of the Space and Strategic Systems USGIF’s Small Satel- Directorate for the Army Space and Missile Defense Com- lite Workshop at NGA mand, said timely, affordable access to satellite launches is Campus East. still inadequate. “The timelines, even if you can afford the launch, are completely unacceptable for the tactical Army mission,” EMBRACING SMALLSATS Webber said, noting the unrealistic 18-month wait times and $50 million price tags. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) no longer intends merely to Robbie Schingler, co-founder of Planet Labs, which has admire the potential of commercial small satellites; it is moving forward with plans 101 satellites on orbit and aims to bring that total to 200 in the to harness the next generation of commercial remote sensing. next 18 months, said launch is a global problem that hasn’t In November, USGIF and NGA co-hosted a Small Satellite Workshop at NGA been solved anywhere—except for perhaps China. Campus East as part of USGIF’s 2015 GEOINT Community Week. The first day “We should think more strategically and allocate resources was unclassified, while the second day included classified sessions. NGA Director to create commercial launch capabilities in the U.S.,” Schin- Robert Cardillo kicked off the unclassified session with a keynote speech. gler said. According to Cardillo, the challenges before his agency and the Intelligence Jason Andrews, CEO of Spaceflight, said his company Community as a whole are how to best take advantage of new commercial potential, “works to put everyone on everyone else’s launch vehicle.” reduce barriers to space, and create better insights and warning. He cited “optic” “By making satellites smaller you make the price of launch or the perception of how commercial SmallSats will add value, as one of his smaller,” Andrews said. primary objectives. However, Andrews added, the community needs small, “Our value proposition going forward will still include [high] resolution, but the dedicated launch vehicles, and there are a lot of people work- temporal aspect has grown exponentially,” Cardillo said. ing toward providing that capability. He urged the audience to think in terms of “activity resolution,” which he described as “the sum of spatial facts as understood through time and projected into CHIRAG PARIKH, the future to create insight and understanding.” director of space policy with Cardillo also said the opportunities ahead will add to the technologies NGA the White House National already leverages today, giving a nod to national technical means as well as the Security Council, spoke agency’s existing commercial partners, especially EnhancedView contract holder at USGIF’s Small Satellite DigitalGlobe. Workshop, where he com- The director also discussed NGA’s new Commercial GEOINT Strategy, which mended NGA for embracing outlines how the agency will embrace new commercial GEOINT products by commercial space products. March 2018 via four “lanes”: know, explore and experiment, acquire and deliver, adopt and institutionalize. Cardillo added he anticipates the agency will do little acquiring of SmallSats and instead mostly partner with SmallSat providers. Chirag Parikh, director of space policy with the White House National Security Council, spoke at USGIF’s Small Satellite Workshop, where he commended NGA for embracing commercial space products. Innovative technology paired with invest- ment equals inevitability, he said. “I’m so happy to hear NGA is investing fiscally and culturally in this.” Parikh added that new space venture capitalists have been looking for gov- ernment commitment to commercial products, and cited NGA’s Commercial GEOINT Strategy as a concrete commitment that will influence investment. Parikh also announced at the workshop he would soon leave the White House to take a leadership position with NGA. PHOTOS COURTESY OF NGA OF COURTESY PHOTOS
8 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 DEALING WITH regulate ourselves out of being able to use certain orbital regimes,” he said. DEBRIS The Congressman added that continuing to do nothing might also bring about Rep. Jim Bridenstine, regulation requiring satellites to be hardened, making them heavier and therefore member of the House more expensive to launch. When asked who he thought should be “the FAA for Armed Services Com- space,” Bridenstine declared, “the FAA.” REP. JIM BRIDENSTINE, member mittee and the Science, of the House Armed Services Committee Space, and Technology NEXT GENERATION ANALYSIS and the Science, Space, and Technology Committee, gave an afternoon keynote Committee, gave an Thought leaders in an afternoon panel also discussed how analytics would keep at USGIF’s Small Satellite Workshop. afternoon keynote with pace with the increasing amount of data coming down from space. a hopeful yet sobering John Fenwick, Skybox Imaging operations manager for Google, said the number message. According to Bridenstine, access to launch isn’t the of analysts would not grow alongside the amount of data, making automated feature only barrier to space with which experts should be concerned. detection more necessary. Bridenstine said recent advancements in space are positive In another afternoon panel, Gary Dunow, NGA director of analysis, said more and will make the world a better place, but warned: “The data would facilitate activity-based intelligence, predictive analytics and forecasting, future generation needs to be able to benefit from capabilities and even competitive and opportunity analysis—the ability to test theories on data in low Earth orbit.” to support policy makers in ways not yet available. Dunow also cited “analysis-as-a- He pointed to the Kessler Syndrome, a theory developed service” as a potential boon for SmallSat companies. by NASA scientist Donald Kessler in the late ’70s that debris John Googlasian, director of source at NGA, said analysis-as-a-service would aug- is being created in low Earth orbit from collisions much faster ment, not substitute, analysis being conducted today. than it is being removed by the atmosphere and gravity. “We want to ensure we retain core knowledge and that people understand what “The DoD doesn’t want to be the FAA for space,” Briden- the machines are doing and how to develop algorithms,” Goolgasian said. stine said repeatedly. “The DoD needs to focus on fighting and He also said the agency would soon release the first in a series of four Broad winning in space instead of trying to determine if a piece of Agency Announcements to precede an RFP in summer 2016, all of which are to orbital debris is going to hit the International Space Station on help NGA implement new solutions and bring next generation capabilities to bear. a particular morning.” According to Goolgasian, the agency will seek access to three things: high- Bridenstine recommended regulation to address the resolution commercial imagery, high-revisit commercial imagery, and high growing problem of orbital debris. “If we do nothing, we will sensor diversity.
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ELEVATE | ACADEMICS AND EDUCATION
THE THINKING SPORT GIS, spatiotemporal analysis, and critical thinking combine to help West Point’s nationally recognized orienteering team shine
By Jim Hodges
WEST POINT’S orienteering team defeated the U.S. Naval Academy in a 150-70 win December 6 at Occoquan Regional
Park in Lorton, Va. POINT WEST OF COURTESY PHOTO
ICHOLAS IVES AND JETT second stretch as officer in charge of the terrain contour with plotted control DIPALMA appeared sud- academy’s orienteering team. During his points. Using only a compass, athletes denly over the hill, their cleated first term, from 2002 to 2005, Read led navigate a path from one control point athletic shoes swishing quickly the team in the beginning of its current to the next, which must be negotiated through a thick layer of fallen 13-year run as U.S. Intercollegiate Orien- in order. The path, however, is up to the Nleaves. They spied the orange and white teering Champions. individual competitor, who must apply cloth bag and transponder tied to a spin- “We had some success before that, but speed and mental acuity to make the dly young oak. First Ives, then DiPalma there had been a couple of years when fewest mistakes possible. keyed into the transponder, sending a we [unfortunately] did not,” Read said. “I don’t get too caught up in winning,” signal to a computer a half-mile away that “There are certain sports that Army should said DiPalma, a third classman and they had reached control point 19, the dominate, and this is one of them.” intercollegiate orienteering champion last on the 7.1–kilometer “red” course. Orienteering is built on a geospatial in the M-20 (male under 20-years-old) Then they raced down the hill, foundation of place, direction, and time. division. “I want to run a perfect course. slipping and sliding until they reached At the beginning of the competition, ath- Win or lose, if I made a mistake, I’m a the finish point of the orienteering letes are handed paper maps of 5-meter little upset with myself.” competition at Occoquan Regional Park near Marine Corps Base Quantico in Virginia. Both scored for the United States Military Academy at West Point “ I DON’T GET TOO CAUGHT UP IN WINNING. I WANT TO in its 150-70 win December 6 over the U.S. Naval Academy—the first time RUN A PERFECT COURSE. WIN OR LOSE, IF I MADE A the two academies had ever faced off MISTAKE, I’M A LITTLE UPSET WITH MYSELF.” in orienteering. —Jett DiPalma, United States Military Academy at West Point third classman Col. Mark Read is a physical geog- raphy instructor at West Point in his
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DiPalma is a GIS major at West Orienteering Team, which represents Point who gravitated to the orienteering the country at international orienteering team after discovering he was good at competitions. “ YOU CAN SAY, ‘OH YES, I land navigation during summer training. “You throw that track on your map MADE A HUGE MISTAKE Rachel Wolfe, also a GIS major, took up to note time and place,” Culbert said. HERE WHERE MY HEART orienteering for the opposite reason. “You can color code your speed and say, RATE SPIKED OVER 180. “I was really bad at land nav, and I ‘Here’s a place where I hesitated. Here’s I KNOW THAT’S WHERE I thought I should be better at it,” she said. where I was uncertain. Here’s where I made a mistake, where I went someplace NEED TO DIAL IT BACK.” PRE- AND POST-RACE TRAINING instead of where I was supposed to go.’” —Lt. Hannah Culbert, former West Point As GIS students, DiPalma and Wolfe A heart-rate layer, also captured by orienteer and the first woman from West helped create the training course maps the watch, can be added as well. Point to earn a spot on the U.S. Senior Foot the West Point orienteering team uses “You can say, ‘Oh yes, I made a huge Orienteering Team to train over the rugged terrain of the mistake here where my heart rate spiked Hudson River Valley. over 180. I know that’s where I need to West Point orienteers also participate dial it back. I can’t think spatially when in a post-competition process created by my heart is at 180,’” Culbert added. retired Col. Mike Hendricks, who led the Mistakes can be limited by gaining adopted by the GIS program and the Orienteering Team in between Read’s control over racing heartbeats and other geography program in general.” two terms. Now with the Alaska Division factors that may cloud judgment. of Geological and Geospatial Surveys, “It’s about managing how fast you can ARMY VS. NAVY Hendricks introduced biomechanics into go vs. the decision you need to make,” The GIS instructors also pushed for West orienteering while at West Point, where DiPalma said. “When you can figure out Point to challenge the Naval Academy he taught GIS and conducted research in what you did wrong, and what you can in orienteering as part of Army-Navy spatiotemporal analysis. do better, it really helps you improve.” week 2015. The challenge was relayed “We would record our track over West Point’s USGIF-accredited GIS through Dan O’Connor, a West Point the course every second [using a GPS program, which is part of the academy’s cadet assigned to the Naval Academy for watch],” said Lt. Hannah Culbert, a Geography and Environmental Engi- a semester. former West Point orienteer who is now neering Department, helps contribute The Naval Academy has neither a GIS an engineer assigned to the National toward the orienteers’ success. academic program nor an orienteering Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Culbert “All of the GIS instructors are willing team, so an email was sent to its moun- was the first woman from West Point to help me if I have a question on ori- taineering club, said O’Connor, who to earn a spot on the U.S. Senior Foot enteering,” DiPalma said. “We’ve been competed for West Point at Occoquan. Jack Gasper, a second classman and aspiring Marine, was among the midshipmen who answered West Point’s challenge. “I want to learn land naviga- tion,” he said. “We don’t have it at the academy (save for a course taught in the last semester of the fourth year to future Marines).” Gasper finished an advanced, 5.6-kilometer “green” course in 57 minutes and 21 seconds—close to the 10 minutes-per-kilometer threshold that marks a competitor ready for more difficult courses, according to Lt. Col. IN COMPETITIVE Victoria Campbell, a West Point grad ORIENTEERING, athletes must quickly who coaches the Armed Forces Orien- navigate a path from teering Team. one control point to “Orienteering is a thinking sport,” the next using only a Read said. “You can be the best mara- compass and a terrain thon runner in the world, but if you can’t contour map with think while you’re out there … it doesn’t plotted control points.
matter how fast you run if you’re lost.” OKAL CHARLES BY PHOTO
12 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 OPEN SOURCE COMMON OPERATING ENTERPRISE
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In 2005, soldiers in war-torn Iraq reported spending 90 percent of their time fighting for data and only 10 percent of their time fighting the enemy. To address this issue, Dr. Stephen Cambone, then under secretary of defense for intelligence, approached Gen. Keith Alexander, at the time the Army’s deputy chief of staff for intelligence, and asked him to synchronize intelligence and operational data. As a result, Joint Intelligence Operations Center (JIOC)-Iraq was funded and fielded in about six months, according to Lynn Schnurr, former Army chief information officer for intelligence and now a vice president with General Dynamics Information Technology. “There were stovepipes and the data was not being shared,” Schnurr said. “We were hearing from commanders the data had so much latency—48 to 72 hours—that they couldn’t do anything with it. We knew we had to develop a system that would not only get them the data in as near real-time as possible but that could make it available to decision-makers. It was a very early on achievement in showing how intelligence integration can and needs to be done.”
14 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 THE INTELLIGENCE AND DEFENSE COMMUNITIES OVERHAUL IT TO EMBRACE DATA SHARING, THE CLOUD, AND ENTERPRISE BUSINESS PROCESSES.
USGIF.ORG kk TRAJECTORY | 15 A decade later, both the intelligence interoperable and standards get identi- to in the past,” said Doug McGovern, and defense communities are imple- fied,” Johnston said, adding that the CIO and director of IT services with the menting massive information technology ultimate goal is to support strategic, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency upgrades that will facilitate data sharing operational, and tactical users “from (NGA). “It’s the foundation for which among analysts not only across intel- the White House to the 7th fleet.” the community can operate at a faster ligence agencies or services, but also While IC ITE is focused on pace and answer the key intelligence between intelligence agencies and the integrating classified data repositories questions that face us today.” armed services. Originally perceived by and workflow across the Intelligence Under IC ITE, ODNI tasked specific many as programs or contract vehicles, Community (IC), JIE’s mission is intelligence agencies with fielding the Intelligence Community Informa- much larger in scope, centered on IT designated capabilities for the entire tion Technology Enterprise (IC ITE), upgrades at the secret and unclassified IC. NGA and DIA, charged to develop the Department of Defense’s (DoD) levels for the entire DoD. JIE extends the IC Common Desktop, have to Joint Information Environment (JIE), far beyond intelligence to include date delivered more than 56,000 new and the Defense Intelligence Informa- logistics, force application, operations, desktops across the two agencies. They tion Enterprise (DI2E)—the unifying medical, and more. are now in phase two of the effort, which construct that bridges IC ITE and JIE— DI2E leaders were pursuing goals will deploy the common desktop to the are much more. They are large-scale of common DoD and IC specifications rest of the community. The new desktop initiatives with the common threads of and capabilities before the emergence provides a uniform interface and enables upgrading IT infrastructure, sharing data of IC ITE and JIE. DI2E’s common analysts at any agency to communicate and services, and redefining cultural and framework of standards, processes, and exchange information. business processes to ultimately achieve technologies, and reference implemen- The cornerstone of JIE is standing up unprecedented efficiencies and make tations enable the sharing of data, web Joint Regional Security Stacks (JRSS). integration a way of life for U.S. analysts. services, and applications across the The JRSS, one of which is up and “It is in the interest of national defense intelligence community. Today, running at Joint Base San Antonio, will security to ensure that we enable the the Office of the Under Secretary of improve network security and increase widest possible access to and the best Defense for Intelligence USD(I) is lever- the DoD’s capacity for collecting, possible use of data we possess,” said aging DI2E governance and processes to storing, and sharing Big Data among Dr. Raymond Cook, chief information ensure JIE and IC ITE can connect to services and with the IC. officer (CIO) for the Office of the Direc- meet defense intelligence needs. “These stacks have a large capacity tor of National Intelligence (ODNI). “All of the different initiatives and for bringing in and processing Big Data,” “We are at a point in time where we can environments are important,” said Johnston said. “If you can bring in Big achieve these goals with unprecedented Jack Jones, director of intelligence, Data and get it processed and made efficiency and security controls.” surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) accessible to the community you will All three initiatives—IC ITE, JIE, infrastructure with USD(I). “IC ITE, achieve better operational capabilities out and DI2E, need to be interoperable for JIE, and DI2E all have to succeed.” to the COCOMS, military, and the IC.” success, according to Cathy Johnston, Another JIE goal is the installation of director of digital transformation and LAYING THE FOUNDATION a number of Multiprotocol Label Switch- operationalizing IC ITE with the For intelligence integration to come to ing (MPLS) routers, several of which are Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). fruition, a strong IT infrastructure must already operational, said Roger Thorsten- As a combat support agency, DIA is first be laid. The following outlines the son, director of strategy and integration critical in supporting the tactical edge, foundational elements of IC ITE, JIE, for the deputy CIO for information Johnston said. and DI2E. enterprise with the office of the DoD “As we execute IC ITE we are in “IC ITE is an enabler for our analysts CIO. The new routers will reduce the constant contact with USD(I) and the and users to do their jobs faster and chances of data being stalled or lost as DoD CIO to make sure we remain better and easier than they were able a result of high volume or congestion.
“It is in the interest of national security to ensure that we enable the widest possible access to and the best possible use of data we possess.” —Dr. Raymond Cook, CIO for the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)
16 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 Bringing GEOINT to the cloud.
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Intergraph Ad Q1 20165.indd 1 1/19/2016 9:46:41 AM “All efforts are underway today and allows the IC developer community to services be managed and provided as most capabilities we anticipate will be swap code. As of December, the devel- a single enterprise. C2S is a prime in place by end of FY 2019,” Thorsten- oper environment had 6,500 users. example of this, according to Cook. son said. “[The mall] is about software reuse,” “[C2S is] an entirely new way of The cloud is also a critical element said Michael McNamee, NSA’s chief of thinking about how IT is procured and of the new enterprise environments. system engineering. “If one organization used,” Cook said. “It’s service-based. Under IC ITE, the Central Intelligence develops software it’s then made avail- So just as you would do in the unclas- Agency (CIA) has established IC Com- able to the rest of the community.” sified, commercial world, we’re saying mercial Cloud Services (C2S) through These efficiencies also extend to to Amazon, ‘you own and manage the Amazon. Meanwhile, the National security, according to NSA Deputy CIO cloud and we’re going to pay you by the Security Agency (NSA) has stood up an Sally Holcomb. minute.’ … You pay for only what you early implementation of the IC’s classi- “If an agency has worked through use and you only buy what you need.” fied Government Cloud, or GovCloud. software assurance, having someone else Such enterprise business processes The classified cloud will scale over time be able to use [that same software] to require novel contracting and service as more data sets, analytic tools, mission save on time and security is also a win,” provider approaches that allow the IC workflows, and users are added. she said. as a whole to directly leverage services “We need to think more in terms Similarly, the DI2E community can provided by one agency. For example, of what I call ‘cloud complementary,’” access the DI2E Developers Envi- NGA is only charged by the minute for said Andrew Hallman, director of the ronment, which offers the ability to its analysts’ use of the CIA-acquired C2S CIA’s new Digital Innovation Director- provision virtual machines to support rather than purchasing licenses for every ate. “We have within the IC thought of development, integration, and testing. one of its analysts or standing up its own, these as either/or … But you may have, The environment currently hosts 280 proprietary cloud. Not only does this for example, an app in C2S that needs collaborative projects across 60 programs model facilitate data sharing but also to leverage the data that’s in GovCloud. and supports more than 3,100 users. the sharing of efficiencies in the form We need to think of this as a holistic— “The services can all come into the of time and money. almost a hybrid—cloud.” development environment and test their “We’re trying to translate those enter- NGA was the first agency to share own capabilities to make sure they work prise license agreements into our various some of its core capabilities in C2S with with standards,” Jones said. “And then contracts so no matter who you are in its Geospatial Visualization Services they can establish technical protocols the IC you can log in and benefit from and Map of the World, according to below the standards level to make sure that service without having to have your McGovern. things actually work.” own licensing agreement,” Meiners said. “That underlying, foundational infor- DI2E also offers a storefront for Kevin West, USD(I)’s deputy direc- mation can be consumed by anybody on app exchange. tor for ISR infrastructure, said a major the network with the proper credentials,” “So SOCOM can take the DCGS challenge to implementing DI2E as McGovern said. integration backbone, make it better a “globalized enterprise” is outdated Under JIE, the DoD has granted pro- using a new app—it still fits stan- security accreditation policies. Current visional authorization to several industry dards—post it on there, and someone security accreditation policies are written members allowing them to compete to else can come in and adopt that to accredit an entire system as opposed provide DoD cloud services, according capability for free,” Jones continued, to an enterprise and need to be changed, to Thorstenson. offering an example. “There’s no he said. “There’s a lot of opportunity for integration costs, no buying anything “An enterprise approach is very dif- industry to participate in putting in place … That’s the goal. Adopt before we ferent than a systems approach to doing cloud solutions to help meet the Depart- purchase anything.” accreditation,” West said. “So we have ment’s computing and storage needs,” to take a look at those things from a Thorstenson said, adding interested AN ENTERPRISE APPROACH resource and accountability perspective industry members should seek provi- This enterprise business model is a because we manage almost everything sional authorization. common thread shared by IC ITE, JIE, programmatically that way. The [DoD] In addition to GovCloud, NSA is and DI2E, according to Kevin Meiners, as a whole has begun to do that, but we tasked with oversight of the IC Applica- assistant director of national intelligence still have a long way to go.” tions Mall. In June, the agency launched for acquisition, technology, and facilities Thorstenson said DoD is looking to the next-generation mall—an upgrade of with ODNI. industry for help establishing JIE enter- the first version launched in 2013. As of “The ‘E’ in IC ITE is critical to help- prise license agreements. December 2015, the mall had approxi- ing people understand what IC ITE is,” “Help us get in place hardware and mately 235 apps and 3,165 unique Meiners said. “It’s an enterprise look.” software and service delivery initiatives monthly users. The mall has two com- The three-legged stool of IC ITE that enable us to leverage the Depart- ponents: a hosting environment where is comprised of efficiency, integration, ment’s buying power rather than doing agencies can upload and download apps; and security. To achieve efficiency things on an individual component and a development environment that will require IC ITE infrastructure and basis,” Thorstenson said.
18 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 FAST FACTS THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY THE JOINT INFORMATION THE DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT INFORMATION ENTERPRISE ENTERPRISE (IC ITE) (JIE) (DI2E)
What: A strategy to further What: A framework to align and What: The unifying construct that bridges the Director of National modernize the Department of IC ITE and JIE. Intelligence’s vision of Defense’s (DoD) IT networks. Led by: The Office of the Under Secretary intelligence integration by Led by: The Office of the DoD of Defense for Intelligence changing the IC’s IT operating Chief Information Officer Programs and systems under the DI2E model. Who it affects: The entire DoD, umbrella include: Led by: The Office of the which includes more than 1.4 mil- n The Distributed Common Ground/ Director of National Intelligence lion active-duty men and women, Surface System (DCGS) for the U.S. Air (ODNI) with intelligence 718,000 civilians, and 1.1 million Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Special agencies taking the lead on National Guard and Reserve Operations Forces, and Intelligence various IC ITE services: members using more than 7 mil- Community n The Intelligence Community lion computers and IT devices. n U.S. Battlefield Intelligence Collection (IC) Common Desktop: Priority modernization areas: & Exploitation System – Extended (US The National Geospatial- n The optical carrier transport BICES-X) Intelligence Agency (NGA) n Multiprotocol Label Switching n Combatant Command Intelligence Infor- and the Defense Intelligence (MPLS) routers mation Technology (CCMD Intel IT) Agency (DIA) n The Joint Regional Security 10 focus areas: n The IC Cloud: The Central Stacks (JRSS) n Identity and access management Intelligence Agency (CIA) and n The Joint Management System n Data tagging the National Security Agency for the JRSS n Content discovery and (NSA) n Cyber situational analytic retrieval n The IC Applications Mall: NSA capability for the JRSS n Cross domain n Network Requirement and Some key accomplishments n Domain name services Engineering Service: The to date: n Time synchronization National Reconnaissance n One JRSS is up and functional n Collaboration tools Office (NRO) at Joint Base San Antonio. n Visualization capabilities n Information Transport Service: n A number of MPLS router n Service Directory NSA installations have been n Cybersecurity n Identity Authorization and completed. Some key accomplishments Authentication: CIA and NSA n Several industry members have to date: n Security Coordination Center: provisional authorizations in n Established the DI2E ODNI place to compete to provide Developers Environment, an open n Enterprise Management: DIA cloud services. development environment for the DI2E Who it affects: All analysts, n The NIPRNET Cloud Access community that provides the ability to intelligence officers, and Point became operational in provision virtual machines to support operators in the U.S. December 2015 when the East development, integration, and testing. Intelligence Community. Coast capability came online to The environment currently hosts 280 col- By the numbers: complement the existing West laborative projects across 60 programs n More than 56,000 new IC Coast capability. and supports more than 3,100 users. Desktops deployed at NGA Looking ahead: The No. 1 priority n Established the DI2E Storefront to enable and DIA of the DoD CIO is to continue smarter acquisition that promotes n 235 apps and 3,165 unique the installation and activation interoperability, software component monthly users in the of JRSS and MPLS routers as ease of use, and cost savings. The IC Applications Mall well as to put optical transport storefront provides a catalog of DI2E n 6,500 users in the upgrades in place to meet mod- architecture artifacts, DI2E technical IC Applications Development ernization goals by the end of profiles, reusable software components, community FY 2019. and more.
USGIF.ORG kk TRAJECTORY | 19 necessary to integrate data and the flex- In the IC of the future, he predicts An enterprise ible solutions to unleash it. intelligence officers will drive the evolu- Meiners is asking industry to “move tion of industry much faster than they do approach is very up the stack,” describing new IT now, fostering competition by determin- infrastructure such as common desktops ing the best of breed apps that offer the than a and cloud environments as now being most value. different commodities. Johnston echoed Hallman, and said “Those kinds of things are taken care she seeks industry solutions to conjoin systems approach to of for us,” Meiners said. “Software-as-a- “unlike, unusual data sets in ways not service is at the top of the stack. That’s combined before.” She added the result doing accreditation. what we need more of.” would be data that is IC-specific rather Cook added the IC is also looking to than tied to an agency or mission. —Kevin West, USD(I) deputy director for ISR industry to help provide the personnel at “When you collect data, you can’t infrastructure the top of the stack—the data scientists possibly imagine all the potential appli- who know how to manipulate software- cations for that data,” Johnston said. as-a-service for intelligence. Identifying the proper open Hallman noted freeing data from standards is also key to data sharing, McGovern said industry should take apps as a major challenge facing IC according to Jones. note the IC would no longer “be doing ITE, but one necessary for scaling in “Open standards are thrown around business in the same old way.” a Big Data environment. He cited a a lot, but if you don’t document what “Our acquisition contracts are being need to re-engineer existing apps to free is actually happening and then test it, structured to support agile development data and to be mindful of keeping data sometimes something that’s open stan- efforts where we can very quickly build free from apps during acquisition and dards doesn’t work with something else a little, test a little, operate a little, and development. that’s also open standards,” Jones said. then learn from that and be putting “For the strongest competing intel- Jones added that international partners capabilities on the floor in days or ligence officers of the future, industry are a growing part of the global ISR enter- weeks,” he said. will have to get used to the concept of prise, calling for the U.S. to have “a global apps that are not binding the data to standard by which we integrate and share FREEING THE DATA those apps,” Hallman said. “Apps that data with those partners as well.” In addition to embracing enterprise can get meaning out of a variety of data To help test and define standards, business processes, the intelligence as it’s generated. New data sets will the DI2E camp invites industry to DI2E and defense communities are looking appear faster than industry can produce Plugfest, an annual demonstration of to industry to help create the standards the apps.” DI2E advancements.
THE AIR FORCE DISTRIBUTED COMMON GROUND SYSTEM is the Air Force’s primary ISR collection, processing, exploitation, analysis, and dissemination system. U.S. AIRU.S. PHOTO FORCE
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www.keywcorp.com VISIT US @ GEOINT Booth #1219 “We need industry’s help in identify- recreated in the cloud and is empow- Meiners added that the MUG, rather ing potential solutions that would fit ered to rethink and optimize mission than making generalized policy recom- well into an open systems architecture for an IC-whole business process, mendations, works to pinpoint a specific approach,” West said. “Plugfest is according to Johnston. policy, interface control document, or an opportunity for us to explain the “The MUG led to the realization other spec that might hinder data sharing. approach to industry and for industry that laying technical infrastructure is an In 2016, the MUG will take on to demonstrate to the Department how excellent and necessary first step, but is real-world intelligence challenges to they fit into and can help us in establish- insufficient to meet mission user needs,” push IC ITE to its limits and determine ing the DI2E enterprise.” Johnston said. “We also need connectiv- where more services need to be stood The fourth annual Plugfest will be ity across search, discover, and geospatial up or existing services should be modi- held in Fairfax, Va., in June. mapping, for example.” fied. Meiners and Cook are hopeful The MUG helps identify common the challenges will help the analyst ADOPTING INTEGRATION needs and an executive agent to provide workforce realize the tangible benefits As the foundations for IC ITE and JIE them to the entire IC. Since inception, of integration. are being laid, the next step is to deter- it brought to light the need for basic Likewise, Thorstenson said demon- mine how mission users will leverage geospatial services and designated NGA strable success would help boost the the new environments. FY 2016 is “the to provide them. culture shift needed to drive adoption year of mission adoption,” for IC ITE Another essential role of the MUG of JIE. according to Cook, who is building an is to create a close-knit team of mission “The challenge is measuring and adoption road map with all of the U.S. and IT experts. understanding success, especially when intelligence agencies. “We can deliver [IT] services all day you look at the operational effects,” That’s where the IC ITE Mission long, but without mission driving what Thorstenson said. “It’s rather difficult to User Group (The MUG)—co-chaired those services really need to do they measure in the near term. You see those by Hallman and Johnston—is para- might miss the mark,” Cook said. over a period of time, but it’s not some- mount. The purpose of the MUG, In some MUG sessions, mission thing that’s immediately obvious.” which includes mission and thought users demonstrate their challenges on Thorstenson added the DoD CIO leaders from across the IC, is to be the screen in front of IT experts. is collaborating with USD(I) to gain voice of mission as well as to determine “IT is for mission,” Meiners said. efficiencies and facilitate interoperability and test what the new operating model “Once you see a user doing their job between IC ITE and JIE. Working to for intelligence analysts will look like and how difficult it sometimes can be, ensure the two architectures can con- once IC ITE is fully implemented. The it really helps IT folks better understand nect is the DI2E Council—the DI2E MUG ensures stovepipes are not being what they need to do.” governing body—a tiered, structured
OPERATORS demonstrate the joint, national, and coalition interoperability of the Distributed Common Ground System. PHOTO BY STAFF SGT. JOE LAWS JOE SGT. STAFF BY PHOTO
22 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 activity consisting of senior experts from sharing, Cook explains integration answer was, ‘No, we’ve been told to go to across the DoD and IC. doesn’t mean “everyone gets access the cloud, let’s push,’” Cacner recalled. The council is examining IC ITE to all data.” Rather, he said, it pre- “And we did that exactly. We delivered and JIE to determine which elements vents analysts from having to knock to the cloud within four months as the need to work across both environments on the door of several agencies to Air Force asked us to.” and help both communities take an obtain the data necessary to carry out This is an attitude IC and DoD lead- “adopt, buy, create” acquisition approach their mission. Although it may seem ership hopes will continue to spread. and embrace enterprise services. counterintuitive to some, upgraded “We are near a tipping point where “We work with the DoD CIO folks IT infrastructure actually offers better culturally in the IC we have enough leading JIE and the ODNI CIO leading access control, identity management, power users and mavens who are starting IC ITE to work the technical solutions, and insider threat mitigation, making to explore the capabilities of IC ITE to get the appropriate documentation, it easier—or at least less risky— where they can be accelerators for the and then to the maximum extent pos- to integrate. rest of the workforce,” Hallman said. sible reuse capabilities and make them “Everyone that has the need to “We still have a ways to go before the available to the community as a whole,” know and the right credentials is allowed general user can know ‘I can exploit data West said. to see data that is tagged similarly,” this way using IC ITE tools.’” But for JIE and IC ITE to align, the Cook said. Hallman added that as more young cloud architecture on both sides must analysts comfortable with data and be integrated technically at the interface ANALYTIC PROMISE coding join the workforce, they would level to enable data movement between For the analytic utility of intelligence continue to drive IC ITE adoption. the top secret IC ITE system and secret integration to materialize, subject mat- Johnston called upon analysts to “put and unclassified DoD systems. ter experts unanimously agree culture, sweat equity in to help reinvent their “When you get to a brigade level you not technology, is the most significant own world,” encouraging them to break have JWICS there, but when you get to obstacle. Both “server huggers”—IT free of agency-specific constraints and to the battalion level and below you see specialists wary of the cloud—and ana- network across the IC. Were IC ITE a less and less instantiation of JWICS,” lysts untrusting of data outside of their house, she said, the foundation has been Schnurr said. discipline or agency must get on board laid, the frame is standing, and today’s Adopting common standards for with the new paradigm. analysts now have the opportunity to things such as identity access and NGA has demonstrated its commit- wander around inside and determine management, content search and ment to integration and accelerated by where the light switches, et cetera, will discovery, and cross-domain services will two years its timeline to be “all in” to the be located. help facilitate IC to DoD data sharing, IC ITE cloud environment, moving its According to Jones, intelligence inte- according to ODNI. target date up from end of calendar year gration is essential to move the analytic Jones said it’s also essential to ensure 2019 to 2017. community into the future. the Distributed Common Ground “As we go deeper into deploying “We have to get our arms around System (DCGS), the biggest weapon capabilities in the community envi- IT and communications or else there’s system within the DI2E framework, can ronment, we find it’s not that hard,” no way we can continue down the path interface with the IT standards set for McGovern said. “We find it’s actually we’re going,” Jones said. “We have to IC ITE and integrate with JIE at the quite enabling to start having the have some standard method for identify- operational level. users involved in shaping what the ing data, for sharing—we can’t pay for “The part we express to our IC ITE future capabilities and services need multiple licenses multiple times. So all friends is not to forget the Department’s to be.” these ideas and the rationale for doing intelligence folks—they especially have David Cacner, NGA’s director of the this makes sense.” to be able to integrate with IC ITE but National System for Geospatial Intel- Looking ahead five years, leaders also with other warfighting domains,” ligence (NSG) expeditionary activities, foresee a more globally dispersed and Jones said. hopes the escalated timeline will boost deployed, yet better connected com- Kim Singleton-Slater, NGA’s DI2E- the culture shifted needed to make intel- munity of defense and intelligence JIE coordinator, said the agency is being ligence integration a success. analysts than ever before. Johnston mindful of maintaining this “delicate “People are hesitant to change, and envisions innovation being shared across balance” and applying IC ITE lessons I think giving us a goal to work toward the defense and intelligence commu- learned to JIE. will help foster that change,” Cacner nities from a vast “data ocean.” Cook “We try to make sure we balance what’s said, pointing to a targeting capability anticipates diverse analytic communities happening in the TS environment so we NGA recently stood up in C2S for the of experts studying the same intelligence WEB can leverage it in the secret and unclas- U.S. Air Force as a forward-leaning issue will naturally materialize despite RESOURCES sified environments because we have example. organizational units. In all, IC ITE, JIE, For additional customers in all three domains,” she said. “There was a lot of concern from the and DI2E stand to yield a more power- information on IC ITE, For those still hesitant when it folks here who said, ‘Well, let’s just stand ful intelligence capability for the entire JIE, DI2E, and more, visit comes to such unprecedented data up a server in our data center,’ and the nation and its allies. trajectorymagazine.com.
USGIF.ORG kk TRAJECTORY | 23 24 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 DEFENDING THE NATION’S CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, FROM ROADS AND RAIL TO POWER AND WATER, ENABLED BY GEOINT. security& RESILIENCE BY MATT ALDERTON
The National September 11 switched power for Lower Manhattan,” explained Talbot Brooks, director of the Center for Inter- Memorial & Museum disciplinary Geospatial Technologies at Delta is a solemn, sobering place. Located 70 feet below State University and co-author of GIS for Critical ground in Lower Manhattan, on the site of the Infrastructure Protection. former World Trade Center, it reverberates with Though a price cannot be placed on human memories of loss. Among the museum’s most mov- life, terrorists know they can inflict economically ing elements is the “In Memoriam” exhibit, which crippling damage and wreak havoc by targeting features portraits of the 2,996 men, women, and infrastructure as well. Consider what would happen children who died in the 2001 terrorist attack. Also if a disaster damaged or destroyed the nation’s power powerful are the enormous aluminum casts of the grid, as depicted by the National Geographic Chan- Twin Towers. Floating like ghosts in the build- nel in its 2013 film American Blackout. A fictional ings’ original footprints, they’re an overwhelming account of what would happen after a terrorist attack reminder of the attacks’ strategic nature: Along with on U.S. power infrastructure, the film paints a dark human lives, al-Qaeda targeted buildings and their picture. Traffic signals would go out, causing crashes associated structures, including several telephone and gridlock. ATMs, banks, and credit cards would switching hubs, a broadcast antenna, two electri- cease to function, crippling the economy. Pumps cal substations, a multimillion-dollar emergency supplying cities with running water and flushing command center, and two mass transit lines. When toilets would stop working, causing a public health the towers fell, thousands of feet of roadway, water crisis from dehydration and disease. Gas stations main, power lines, fiber optic cable, sewer pipes, would lack the power needed to pump gas, leaving and gas lines were among the rubble. trucks unable to deliver food and medical sup- “The World Trade Center was such an integral plies. Hospitals would be unable to treat patients, part of the New York skyline that, of course, there and emergency responders unable to answer 911 was emotional value attached to it. But there was calls. The panic and chaos that would ensue is why also server space there for processing financial governments must protect not only people during transactions, and electric utility substations that disasters, but also critical infrastructure. “It’s not usually disasters themselves “Critical infrastructure serves as Threats aren’t just hypothetical. In that are the big problem—manmade or the backbone of the nation’s economy, April 2013, a team of unidentified gun- natural, it’s what they do to infrastruc- security, and way of life,” said Michael men assaulted Pacific Gas and Electric ture,” said Chris McIntosh, director of Donnelly, a geospatial data architect in Company’s Metcalf transmission substa- public safety industry solutions at Esri. the Department of Homeland Security tion near San Jose, Calif. Although “For example, a hurricane itself isn’t (DHS) Geospatial Management Office a blackout was avoided by rerouting necessarily a big problem. The big prob- (GMO). “It refers to basic, everyday power, the 19-minute attack mangled 17 lem is the loss of services to people… needs and services—electricity, cell electrical transformers and resulted in The acute effects of the actual disaster towers, or even bridges. By identifying more than $15 million worth of damage impact a fairly localized group of people, such infrastructure as critical, we can that took 27 days to repair. but the loss of critical infrastructure prioritize its security and resilience.” impacts a much larger population.” The U.S. government has designated A COMMON OPERATING PICTURE Geospatial intelligence is the linch- 16 sectors of infrastructure as “critical” Concerns about the vulnerability of criti- pin of incident planning, prevention, (see sidebar on page 29), meaning if they cal infrastructure date back more than a response, and recovery. were to be degraded or prevented from century according to James Devine, se- “Everything is somewhere—espe- operating there would be significant, if nior advisor for science applications with cially critical infrastructure,” continued not catastrophic, impact on the popu- the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). McIntosh. “If an incident occurs in a lous. The 16 sectors—each of which has “When earthquake science began location and you’re a decision-maker, the a designated federal agency as its func- to develop around the turn of the 20th first thing you’ll ask yourself is: ‘How bad tional lead—were established in 2013 by century, it was recognized almost imme- is it?’ You’re going to want to know: ‘What Presidential Policy Directive-21: Critical diately that when major events happen, is in the affected area? And what could be Infrastructure Security and Resilience. infrastructure is a recipient of the impacted by the loss of that area?’… Individually, each sector is massive. damage. Not just an individual house With its fusion of location and location Collectively, the scope is mind-boggling. or school, but a whole system,” Devine analytics, geospatial technology allows The transportation sector, for example, explained. “During the 1906 earthquake you to answer those questions in near real includes approximately 450 commercial in San Francisco, for example, the rup- time to identify initial actions quickly.” airports, 361 seaports, nearly 4 million ture of gas lines created fires, which did miles of roadway, approximately 600,000 much more damage than the shaking.” THE CRITICALITY OF bridges, some 400 tunnels, 25,000 miles It wasn’t until after 9/11 that the fed- INFRASTRUCTURE of waterways, about 2.2 million miles eral government deployed GEOINT as a Infrastructure is to communities of natural gas distribution pipelines, foundational solution. In February 2002, what the circulatory system is to the and more than 140,000 miles of active the Bush administration created the human body: a critical network supply- railroad. The food and agriculture sector Homeland Infrastructure Foundation ing resources needed to function. consists of approximately 2.2 million Level Data (HIFLD) Subcommittee to In both cases, a lone clog in a single farms, 900,000 restaurants, and more facilitate improvements across multiple artery can cause a life-threatening than 400,000 registered food manufac- levels of government in the collection, heart attack. turing, processing, and storage facilities. processing, sharing, and protection of geospatial domestic infrastruc- ture data. The subcommittee includes representatives from the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense and Americas’ Security Affairs, the DHS National Protection & Programs Directorate Office of Infrastructure Protection, the National Geospatial-Intel- ligence Agency (NGA), and the USGS National Geospatial Program Office. MULTIPLE “Key individuals [in these CREWS from New Jersey’s Public offices] … wanted to make Service Enterprise sure everybody was working Group fix poles and together to create foundation downed lines to infrastructure information, restore power after instead of everybody recreat-
Hurricane Sandy. ing the same thing because PSE&G OF COURTESY PHOTO
26 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1
CYBER PROTECTION the infrastructure data DHS needs for “We had over 13 feet of storm surge As chaotic as an infrastructure homeland security is the same data at some substations,” said Mike Weber, failure could be, perhaps the scari- needed for emergency preparedness emergency preparedness manager at est thing about them is they could and emergency response,” said Booz PSE&G, adding the utility lost 31 electri- be caused by just the click of a Allen Hamilton Principal Justin Sherin, cal substations to flooding during Sandy. mouse, according to Michael Don- co-founder and program manager of PSE&G leveraged GEOINT to iden- nelly, a geospatial data architect the HIFLD Subcommittee, the goal tify approximately 100 mitigation actions with the Department of Homeland of which was to create geospatial infra- it believes will keep electricity on in the Security (DHS) Geospatial Manage- structure data that could be shared not event of another major storm. ment Office (GMO). only among federal agencies, but also “One of the bigger things we’re doing “The nation’s infrastructure is with state and local government as well is looking at critical infrastructure— more interdependent than ever as private sector partners. which could include hospitals, police, before, and is at risk from a variety Toward this effort, the HIFLD fire, etc.—and seeing which circuits serve of hazards—including constant Subcommittee developed the Home- them, then developing a backup plan to and sophisticated cyber threats,” land Security Infrastructure Program ensure access to a second means of elec- Donnelly said. (HSIP) data sets. Specifically, HSIP tricity for them so they don’t end up going Those threats loom large, Gold, a unified geospatial data inven- down,” Weber said. “Because of resiliency according to Robert Zitz, former tory assembled by NGA in partnership and redundancy that we’ve built into our deputy under secretary for pre- with DHS. First released in 2005 and system, it’s not going to be easy to take out paredness with DHS and now a updated with new data sets almost every power again.” senior vice president with Leidos. year since, HSIP Gold contains more Hurricane Sandy wasn’t the only “The nexus between cyber and than 560 common geospatial data sets 2012 storm to illustrate GEOINT’s role GEOINT in support of critical infra- characterizing domestic infrastructure. in infrastructure protection. In Fairfax structure protection is growing,” “The HSIP data sets are critical to County, Va., GEOINT helped local gov- Zitz said. “Protection is now both the analysis and assessments conducted ernment respond to a historic derecho physical and cyber. They’re woven to support infrastructure security and that left more than half the county with- together like a strand of DNA. resilience by providing a compre- out power during a June heat wave. Because if you look across all hensive common operating picture,” “It was critical for us to have vis- the sectors that make up critical Donnelly said. ibility of our physical assets in Fairfax infrastructure—water, power, food, HSIP is now leveraged for every County so we could figure out where transportation, and so on—the natural and manmade disaster in which the impacts were to the community,” one thread that runs through all the federal government is involved, said Fairfax County Chief Informa- of them is the Internet. Every one according to Sherin. tion Officer Wanda Gibson, who leads of those sectors depends on the “There’s nothing worse than going the county’s GIS efforts. “We could Internet, yet every one of them is to a meeting and having two separate determine where we needed to set up also vulnerable because of it.” maps or reference points. That causes cooling centers, for example, and see GEOINT helps DHS keep such more confusion than coordination,” where our senior centers were in case risks at bay, according to Donnelly, Sherin said. “The HSIP product was they needed assistance.” referencing the DHS GMO’s Geo- monumental because it allows you to The county used geospatial data to spatial Information Infrastructure find [information] once and share it visualize where the power was down, (GII), a common geospatial enabling with everybody.” where roads were blocked, the loca- platform DHS uses to deploy data, tions of citizens with special needs, and tools, and apps that support critical SEEING SUCCESS which government buildings—including infrastructure protection. The country has since seen the benefits schools and courts—were operational. “One example of this GII of the common geospatial operating When GEOINT is applied to critical capability is the Cyber Com- picture provided by HSIP and state infrastructure, livelihoods are saved just munications Common Operating and local equivalents. After Hurricane as often as lives, according to Dr. Joseph Picture app,” Donnelly said. “This Sandy in 2012, GEOINT catalyzed Fontanella, director of the U.S. Army app provides the National Cyber- efforts to protect critical infrastructure Geospatial Center. security and Communications from future natural disasters—starting “In 2012, there was a record drought Integration Center the ability to with facilities damaged by the storm, in the middle part of the country, so geospatially visualize, analyze, and which have been eligible for mitigation water levels along the Mississippi River report on threats and incidents to grants to strengthen their resiliency. were historically low. At the bottom of the nation’s critical communica- In New Jersey, Public Service the river were exposed rock pinnacles tions infrastructure … The app can Enterprise Group (PSE&G), a gas that were impacting commerce through- access hundreds of geospatial data and electric utility, has likewise used out the Mississippi Valley,” Fontanella layers, base maps, and imagery.” GEOINT to prepare for another event said. “We developed some products and such as Hurricane Sandy. did some geospatial analysis that enabled
28 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 THE 16 SECTORS OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE [the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers] “We have a very good working to brief the White House and the relationship with our utility, but we The Department of Homeland Security Department of Defense on mitigation do not ourselves have their data set strategies, and they ended up demolish- in our possession,” said NYC Office designates the following 16 sectors as critical ing some of these pinnacles to remove of Emergency Management Assistant infrastructure: them as obstacles.” Commissioner for Strategic Data James n Chemical n Government McConnell, who also serves as direc- n Commercial facilities PREVENTABLE FAILURES tor of New York City’s GIS Division. facilities n Health care and For every example of how GEOINT has “The fact that we don’t have it is not n Communications public health helped governments protect and moni- necessarily hindering our response, but n n tor critical infrastructure, there is an having that level of detail would be very Critical Information example of how it wasn’t used to do so. useful for looking at how various infra- manufacturing technology During Virginia’s derecho, for example, structures interrelate and where there n Dams n Nuclear reactors, Verizon experienced equipment failure might be ways to increase resiliency or n Defense industrial materials, and waste that left nearly 2.3 million Virginians realize efficiencies.” base n Transportation without 911 emergency services, but the Although HSIP was designed to n Emergency services systems company didn’t even know about the eliminate them, it likewise struggles n Energy n Water and outage until Fairfax County called to with silos, according to NGA Branch n Financial services wastewater report it. Chief and Program Manager Todd n Food and agriculture systems Yet another example is the 2010 Bolen, who said security concerns limit explosion of a broken PG&E natural gas the federal government’s ability to share pipeline in San Bruno, Calif., which geospatial information with state and killed eight people. local partners despite a strong desire to so providing that information in an open “You see critical infrastructure do so. forum on the [Internet] is a non-starter. failing with sometimes pretty extreme “In the post-9/11 timeframe, all In the digital age, however … those old consequences on a regular basis,” Brooks levels of government are averse to shar- policies seem anachronistic. There’s no said. “The gas explosion in San Bruno ing a significant amount of information reason to have protections on some of is an example of catastrophic critical about our critical infrastructure,” Bolen the data we protected at the highest lev- infrastructure failure…It was a failure of said. “Where we have key water storage els in the past, but those policies remain intelligence to understand the gas pipe- facilities, for instance, is a sensitive issue, in place.” line system, its condition, and its relation to residential neighborhoods.” These and other failures are evidence of gaps GEOINT is well positioned to help fill. Before it can do so, however, systemic challenges must be addressed, according to Brooks. “We in the critical infrastructure and emergency response sectors have the fundamental problem that we do not share data well at all,” he said. “The electric utility company doesn’t go to the gas company or the telephone company and say, ‘Here, have all the GIS data for our entire gas distribution system.’ Instead, they keep it and say it’s proprietary.” From a business standpoint, this might make sense. But it’s senseless when one considers the implications for critical infrastructure protection. NGA DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Because power lines often share trenches graphics—such as with water, sewer, gas, and cable lines, this one of Joplin, a threat to one utility is often a threat to Mo., following all. Even in the most vulnerable places the May 22, 2011, like New York City, where infrastructure tornado—are used is packed tightly together, public and for response and
IMAGE COURTESY OF NGA OF COURTESY IMAGE private data are widely segregated. recovery efforts.
USGIF.ORG kk TRAJECTORY | 29 FOLLOWING licensing to now include the devastating state users as a step toward earthquake that broadening access.” shook Nepal April NGA is also transitioning 25, 2015, the administrative authority for National Geospatial- HIFLD and HSIP to DHS, Intelligence Agency which is expected to further stood up a public website using Esri’s break down data silos. ArcGIS platform to “We’re currently in a share valuable maps, three-year transition plan imagery, and data with DHS, which will [be overlays with first completed] by the end of responders. FY18,” Bolen said. “State and local support will be more effectively enabled once the majority of the pro- gram sits on the DHS side of the table.” State and local govern- ments are doing their part, too, according to Brooks, who said cities such as Tampa, Minneapolis, and Char- Another obstacle is education, HIFLD is leading the way with the lotte, among others, are leveraging the according to McIntosh. On the one next generation of HSIP. In 2014, the Geospatial Information and Technol- hand, he said, geospatial technology has working group became a subcommit- ogy Association’s (GITA) Geospatially advanced such that almost anyone in the tee of the Federal Geographic Data Enabling Community Collaboration critical infrastructure ecosystem could Committee (FGDC), whose oversight (GECCo) initiative to improve data be a GEOINT user and consumer. On has prompted a wave of improvements, sharing around critical infrastructure the other hand, only few are aware of the according to Donnelly. protection—particularly with the private technology and how it can be applied. “HIFLD is now positioned to sector, whose data is absent from HSIP “Right now, many people don’t know better coordinate across the federal even though it owns 80 percent of critical what’s possible,” explained McIntosh, government on improving HSIP’s infrastructure in the U.S. who believes geospatial technology data holdings,” he said. “[The HIFLD “Organizations like GITA and should be a component of the Emer- Subcommittee] is working to enable USGIF have a critical future role to play gency Management Accreditation common operating data sets like HSIP as neutral facilitators to the private sec- Program. “Technology is a fast-moving to be more available to the entire home- tor,” said Brooks, who is also president train, and it’s outpacing the education land security enterprise.” of GITA. policies and procedures of the emer- HIFLD is working with data own- Both proactively and reactively, gency management community.” ers across the federal government to emergency managers and governments Utilities are a prime example, accord- validate information and also looking must make it a priority to leverage ing to Weber. “I don’t know if the utility at ways to improve the HSIP data set GEOINT for critical infrastructure industry knows the abilities geospatial by enhancing metadata, building data protection, especially in the face of technology can offer,” he said. tags to improve data discoverability, ISIS and other terrorist threats. As the Stakeholders at even the highest and building a dynamic online delivery Twin Towers’ aluminum casts portend, levels struggle to stay current. mechanism to provide data updates to a well-orchestrated attack on U.S. “At DHS, our challenge is moving the user in real time. Simultaneously, infrastructure could cause just as many fast enough to keep pace with evolving the group is engaging commercial tremors as a high-magnitude earth- threats to our critical infrastructure, and providers to license data to more users quake—tremors that could leave the the development of new technology,” and conducting data layer reviews to nation without power, water, fuel, or Donnelly said. determine which data can be made food for an extended period of time more widely available. and cause cascading catastrophe. TOWARD A HIGHER “States and locals see the value of Fortunately, ongoing efforts in WEB EXCLUSIVE Read how UAVs are INFRASTRUCTURE IQ HSIP data, but in many cases we can’t GEOINT hold great promise for plan- improving critical In response to shortcomings, stakehold- share it with them because either it’s ners and first responders to both prevent infrastructure evaluation at ers are devising GEOINT solutions licensed only to federal users or it’s and significantly mitigate future damage trajectorymagazine.com. to strengthen critical infrastructure official use only, which limits its util- to critical infrastructure, be it from
protection. ity,” Bolen said. “We’ve increased our natural or manmade disasters. NGA OF COURTESY IMAGE
30 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 Gaylord Palms MAY 15-18 ORLANDO
GEOINT2016.com Membership Pulse WHO WE ARE
I AM USGIF FOUNDATION RESTRUCTURES MEMBERSHIP IN RESPONSE TO EXPANDING GEOINT COMMUNITY
n June 2015, USGIF revamped its membership program membership program offers greater benefits at a lower cost. to better align with member needs and the expand- We strive to get more people involved as USGIF continues to ing GEOINT Community. The Foundation revised its evolve into the professional association for GEOINT practi- Strategic, Associate, and Sustaining Partner Organizational tioners. We want to enable individuals to become a part of the Membership levels to show more value and engagement Foundation, become a part of our mission, and become an Ias well as added Small Business and Academic Partner levels. active member of the larger GEOINT Community. Additionally, USGIF launched a new Individual Membership, offering more benefits at an affordable price. Who should become a USGIF Individual Member? USGIF’s new Individual Membership offerings include Bill: At the core of USGIF to date, we’ve supported the options for government/military, academia, young profes- national security, intelligence, defense, and homeland security sionals, law enforcement/first responders, and industry. The communities, but the Foundation’s mission goes beyond that. annual cost of membership is $35 for all membership levels Anyone who uses, produces, or develops geospatial technology except industry, whose annual cost is $99. USGIF is also offer- to the betterment of their respective community or industry is ing discounts on three- or five-year memberships in addition to invited to become a USGIF Individual Member. USGIF is a lifetime memberships. thought leader in the geospatial intelligence space, and our Trajectory spoke with Bill Allder III, members stay far ahead of trends and abreast of the latest tools, USGIF’s membership development manager, technologies, and concepts in the GEOINT Community. and Jeff Ley, USGIF’s vice president of busi- ness development and exhibitions, to learn What are the benefits to becoming a USGIF more about the Foundation’s new Individual Individual Member? Membership program. Jeff: Benefits include access to the greater GEOINT Community by way of USGIF’s vol- What is new with USGIF’s Individual Membership program? unteer committees and working groups. You’ll Bill: We have totally changed our Individual Membership get exposure to a number of topics as well as the program, eliminating the old levels of membership and organizations and individuals working with those technolo- instating many new versions at better price points. The new gies and trends. You get to be at the forefront of technological USGIF FILE PHOTO FILE USGIF
32 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 < ATTENDEES TOUR the exhibit hall at USGIF’s GEOINT 2015 Symposium. USGIF Individual Members receive significant discounts to USGIF events, among many other benefits. change and discussions among the influ- activities, and the ability to submit pro- Foundation has changed along with them encing members of our Community that posals for presentation at USGIF events. to offer new networking events, business represent the GEOINT tradecraft. opportunities, professional development, Visit usgif.org/ New Individual Members receive How do I manage my relationship with and working groups and committees. membership or contact a USGIF lapel pin, a welcome letter, the Foundation? GEOINT Community members have membership@ and a membership card. The member- Bill: As part of the USGIF membership also asked for more ways to engage with usgif.org to learn ship card will grant members access restructure, USGIF has implemented the Foundation. Doctors have the Ameri- more about USGIF’s to USGIF’s new Affinity Program, a new tool called USGIF Connect to can Medical Association, lawyers have revamped Membership through which members receive help Individual Members manage their the American Bar Association; geospatial Program. discounts with Westway Develop- engagement with USGIF. All members intelligence practitioners deserve and ment Services, EZGovOpps, Miller’s may log in to USGIF Connect at con- need a similar community—USGIF— Office Products, Dell, and Walker’s nect.usgif.org and update their member which they can join as individuals to Grille and Embassy Suites in Spring- information at any time, register for enhance personal networks and further field, Va.—in close proximity to the USGIF events, renew membership, and professional development. National Geospatial-Intelligence manage email preferences. With the coming launch of USGIF’s Agency’s Campus East. Universal GEOINT Credentialing Additional membership benefits Why is USGIF’s new Individual program, there has never been a more include significant discounts at USGIF Membership important to the appropriate time for the Foundation events, access to members-only events, GEOINT Community? to offer a relatively inexpensive Indi- a subscription to trajectory magazine, Jeff: During the past decade, USGIF vidual Membership with added benefits early notification of USGIF events and member needs have changed and the for all.
WHY “I AM USGIF” Individual Member Testimonials
Stewart Bruce John W. Desmarais, Sr. Charlotte Shabarekh GIS Program Coordinator, Director of Operations, Advanced Analytics Division The Center for Environment Civil Air Patrol, U.S. Air Director, Aptima Inc. and Society, Washington Force Auxiliary “As a research scientist College “The main benefit in the field of advanced “USGIF Individual Mem- [of USGIF Individual analytics, it is critical for bership means I am part of a Membership], to me personally, is me to stay informed of trends, community of professionals dedi- educational opportunities. Civil Air emergent technologies, and cated to promoting the GEOINT Patrol collects imagery in support evolving trade-craft in the GEOINT tradecraft. It also means I need to of other federal, state, and local Community. USGIF provides a do my best to contribute back to agencies responding to emergen- forum to connect me with other that community, especially by pro- cies, and it is helpful to know how researchers and organizations to moting GEOINT to my numerous our products are going to be used foster collaboration and further college student interns, to not only in order to deliver the best prod- the common goal of advancing educate them in the tradecraft, uct possible. By doing so, we aid analytic tradecraft.” but also to help them make their responders that need timely and own connections for possible accurate information.” Gabe Chang future careers in GEOINT.” Federal CTO Architect, IBM Bruce Molnia “With the ongoing great Dr. Suzanne Sincavage Former Senior Science relationship with the con- CEO, IDIQ Inc. Advisor, National Civil stituency of the [National “USGIF membership offers Applications Program, System for Geospatial me the incredible oppor- United States Geological Intelligence], USGIF mem- tunity to participate in Survey bership allows additional access working groups that provide “USGIF is my window to a much to our agency partners and clients a venue to collaborate with industry, broader cross-section of the GEOINT via another informative chan- government, academia, and non- Community than I have access to nel. Benefits to me personally profits to solve real problems in real through my normal day-to-day include educational workshops, time. The benefits of receiving invi- activities. USGIF provides me a networking with mission and busi- tations to participate in symposia, forum to quickly learn what is hap- ness partners at relevant events, roundtables, and other members- pening in GEOINT at the corporate, awareness of innovation in the tra- only events have supported my academic, agency, and individual decraft through collaboration, and business by helping me understand levels. This is a relationship I hope continued insight into our nation’s what I need to do to support the to cultivate through the remainder upcoming challenges through Intelligence Community.” of my GEOINT career.” active participation.”
USGIF.ORG kk TRAJECTORY | 33 HORIZONS | SITUATIONAL AWARENESS READING LIST + USGIF EVENTS CALENDAR
NPIC: MAP: TRANSIT MARCH SEEING THE EXPLORING MAPS OF 8 SECRETS AND THE WORLD THE WORLD: GEOINTeraction GROWING THE By Victoria EXPANDED Tuesday LEADERS Clarke AND By Jack Selected UPDATED 10 O’Connor by an international panel EDITION OF THE WORLD’S FIRST GEOINT 2016 In this book, author Jack of curators, academics, and COLLECTION OF EVERY URBAN Preview with NGA O’Connor shares the history collectors, this book brings TRAIN MAP ON EARTH Location TBD of the National Photographic together a collection of 300 By Mark Ovenden 28 Interpretation Center (NPIC). stunning maps from around Originally published in 2007, this Data Analytics O’Connor, who was formerly the the world. From the birth book’s claim to fame is the first Workshop National Geospatial-Intelligence of cartography to today’s and only comprehensive collection Herndon, Va. Agency’s chief learning officer, digital maps, the book covers of historical and current maps of chronicles how NPIC, a little- a unique arrangement of every rapid-transit system on Earth. known CIA office, discovered geographic interpretations The expanded edition, released MAY most of the Cold War strategic from different time periods. in 2015, includes 250 revised city 15-18 secrets of the Soviet Union maps and 36 additional pages of rare GEOINT 2016 and produced many future and historic maps, diagrams, and Symposium Intelligence Community leaders. photographs. Orlando, Fla.
PEER INTEL
The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity Directors. Long was the fifth director of NGA. (IARPA) named Stacey Dixon deputy director. Dixon previously Ambassador R. James Woolsey Jr., a national security oversaw geospatial research and development at the National and energy specialist, was elected chancellor of the Institute Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). of World Politics. Woolsey previously served in the U.S. Anne Altman, general manager of IBM’s U.S. federal and government in five capacities, including director of the Central government industries announced her retirement in January. Intelligence Agency from 1993 to 1995. Sam Gordy, integrated systems group president at Leidos, will USGIF board member and former CEO of GeoEye, succeed Altman. Gordy brings to IBM analytics, cybersecurity, Matthew O’Connell, was named CEO of OneWeb. The and enterprise information systems expertise. company is planning a 900-system constellation of low- In December, UrtheCast announced Wade Larson as its orbiting satellites to provide worldwide broadband Internet. In new CEO in addition to his roles as president and COO. Larson January, O’Connell oversaw the final details of OneWeb’s joint is a co-founder of UrtheCast and has more than 20 years of venture agreement with Airbus Defense and Space to create experience in the space sector. OneWeb Satellites. The Honorable Michael G. Vickers was appointed to BAE Boundless expanded its leadership team with three Systems’ board of directors for a three-year term as of Dec. 1. new appointments. In December, the company announced Vickers recently served as the Under Secretary of Defense for Andrew Dearing as acting CEO. In January, it selected Intelligence from 2011 to April 2015. Brian Monheiser and Dave Gibbon to join its management Former NGA Director Letitia Long was named chairperson team. Monheiser will lead Boundless’ U.S. federal sales of the Intelligence and National Security Alliance’s board initiatives, while Gibbon is the new director of global of directors. She is also a member of the USGIF Board of commercial sales.
34 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 2016
STATE OF GEOINT REPORT
Download the 2016 State of GEOINT Report at usgif.org Each year, USGIF assembles a variety of GEOINT subject Researchers, analysts, government officials, business matter experts, practitioners, and thought leaders to create development professionals, and students and academics the annual State of GEOINT report. alike will learn from this eclectic, hard-hitting report to gain a better understanding of their tradecraft and profession. This year’s State of GEOINT report highlights a number of pressing issues for the defense, intelligence, and homeland Happy reading, security communities: the arrival of small satellites as a recognized and viable collection platform; the proliferation of open-source data; the impact of volunteered geographic information; the need to revamp training to match the use Dr. Darryl Murdock, of new and open sources; and the growing demand for USGIF Vice President of Professional Development improved government procurement processes. Aperture IMAGE COURTESY OF LUCIFY OF COURTESY IMAGE The Great Migration
According to the United Nations (UN), more than 12 million people—including 5.6 million children—have fled Syria to escape the horrors of the country’s ongoing civil war and invasion VISIT by ISIS. Worldwide, the UN reports an unprecedented 59.5 million people are displaced by lucify.com/the-flow- crisis. The flow of refugees toward Europe from Syria and other war-torn nations has caused towards-europe to the continent’s greatest refugee crisis since World War II. Finland-based Lucify, which creates study the interactive interactive data visualizations to help organizations analyze and communicate important map and other related visualizations. To data, recently tackled the refugee migration to Europe. Using UN data from 2012 through view an interactive December 2015, its interactive map offers a time-lapse view of refugee migration and country- map on the cost of by-country statistics. The above image shows Syrian refugees streaming toward Europe. displacement, visit Between April 2011 and November 2015, more than 800,000 Syrians have sought asylum lucify.com/the-cost- in Europe. When viewing worldwide data, the map reveals that among European countries of-displacement. Germany has experienced the greatest influx. of refugees, taking in nearly 600,000 since 2012.
36 | TRAJECTORYMAGAZINE.COM ll 2016 ISSUE 1 AN INTEGRATED INTELLIGENCE PL ATFORM
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