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The Antidrug Package for Mexico and Central America: an Evaluation

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The Antidrug Package for Mexico and Central America: an Evaluation S. HRG. 110–311 THE ANTIDRUG PACKAGE FOR MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA: AN EVALUATION HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 15, 2007 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 41–289 PDF WASHINGTON : 2008 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 14:53 Mar 14, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 ANTIDRUG sforel1 PsN: sforel1 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware, Chairman CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin NORM COLEMAN, Minnesota BARBARA BOXER, California BOB CORKER, Tennessee BILL NELSON, Florida JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire BARACK OBAMA, Illinois GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JIM DEMINT, South Carolina ROBERT P. CASEY, JR., Pennsylvania JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia JIM WEBB, Virginia DAVID VITTER, Louisiana ANTONY J. BLINKEN, Staff Director KENNETH A. MYERS, JR., Republican Staff Director (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 14:53 Mar 14, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 ANTIDRUG sforel1 PsN: sforel1 CONTENTS Page Isakson, Hon. Johnny, U.S. Senator from Georgia, statement ............................ 5 Johnson, Hon. David, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Department of State, Washington, DC ........... 10 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 12 Responses to questions submitted by Senator Joseph R. Biden, Jr. ............ 43 Responses to questions submitted by Senator Robert Menendez ................. 55 Lugar, Hon. Richard G., U.S. Senator from Indiana, opening statement ........... 3 Menendez, Hon. Robert Menendez, U.S. Senator from New Jersey, opening statement .............................................................................................................. 1 Shannon, Hon. Thomas, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs, Department of State, Washington, DC ................................................. 6 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 8 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD Gerard, Leo W., International president, United Steelworkers, prepared state- ment ...................................................................................................................... 35 (III) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 14:53 Mar 14, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 ANTIDRUG sforel1 PsN: sforel1 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 14:53 Mar 14, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 ANTIDRUG sforel1 PsN: sforel1 THE ANTIDRUG PACKAGE FOR MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA: AN EVALUATION THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 2007 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:35 p.m., in room SD–419, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Robert Menendez, presiding. Present: Senators Menendez, Boxer, Webb, Lugar, Corker, and Isakson. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. ROBERT MENENDEZ, U.S. SENATOR FROM NEW JERSEY Senator MENENDEZ. The hearing of the Committee on Foreign Relations will now come to order. It’s my pleasure to welcome our witnesses today, Assistant Sec- retary Shannon and Assistant Secretary Johnson. We appreciate you coming before the committee. We’ve called this hearing to review the President’s proposed Plan Mexico. I call it Plan Mexico because it sounds, in many respects as I’ve seen it, like Plan Colombia. It’s a plan that raises serious questions about our Nation’s priorities within the hemisphere. To begin with, this request has been categorized as an emer- gency. When some of us have known for years the problems and needs of our southern neighbors, while we have been ringing the alarm bells, it seems to me that the administration has repeatedly hit the snooze button. Now they’re finally awake, but running late, so they’ve come to Congress without any consultation declaring an emergency. With Plan Mexico, the President is requesting emergency supple- mental funding to help combat the drug and gang problem in Mex- ico and Central America to the tune of $500 million for Mexico and $50 million for Central America. That is a first tranche. I certainly take a backseat to no one in my ongoing efforts over the last 15 years in the House and now on this committee to in- crease resources for a variety of issues, as it relates to Latin Amer- ica, especially on the development side and, on the protection of human rights. But this proposal is long on military support and falls far short when it comes to support for the people in the region. Again, I find it particularly disturbing that the plan was nego- tiated and developed without any consultation with Congress what- soever. That being said, the area where we seem to have some agreement is in recognizing that the current drug-related killings, (1) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 14:53 Mar 14, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 ANTIDRUG sforel1 PsN: sforel1 2 insecurity, and fear continue to pose major problems for Mexico and for the United States. The current level and senseless manner of violence in Mexico is both alarming and disturbing, especially considering the common border we share. Unfortunately, corruption continues to plague in- stitutions at all levels, and on top of that, Mexico now faces an in- creasing consumption and production problem. For the South, Central America continues to grapple with gangs and gang violence, as well as increasing rates of drug trafficking. There is no question help is needed. The question however is how we go about it in the most effective way to reach our goals. And that is the question I hope will guide the hearing today and how we will debate and amend this package in the future. On that note, while this proposal has certainly brought the prob- lem to the forefront, I’m not convinced it is the most effective solu- tion to reach our goals. There are some serious shortcomings, which I will address today. First, I believe this package takes a one-dimensional approach to a multidimensional problem. In your own budget justification, the administration cites a quote from former U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan, which rings true to me and is worthy of mention. He says, and you used this quote, ‘‘We will not enjoy development without security. We will not enjoy security without development. And we will not enjoy either without respect for human rights. Un- less all these causes are advanced, none will succeed.’’ That’s the end of that quote, and I couldn’t agree more. But as I look at this funding request, I see a very one-sided ap- proach to a very multifaceted problem. That means this proposal fails to deal with many of the components that must be addressed in order to successfully tackle this problem. I see things like eight new helicopters, two new surveillance planes, new gamma ray scanners, communications equipment, all of which are important catalysts for security, but have little to do with development or human rights. In fact, the State Department itself, has stated that 40 percent of the assistance in this supplemental request will be provided to the Mexican military. I’m already concerned about Mexico’s increased reliance on its Armed Forces for counterdrug activities, because increased mili- tarization does not address long-term development and reform needs within Mexico, not to mention the human rights implications of militarization and of giving money to Mexican institutions, which, according to Amnesty International, ‘‘Have a long history of serious human rights violations, lack of independence, trans- parency, and ineffectiveness.’’ Finally, it’s ironic to me that the genesis for this request was during the President’s March 2007 trip to Latin America, a trip in which he emphasized the need for more social and development as- sistance to our southern neighbors. Second, I’m surprised by the nature of this request. To come and ask Congress for this money in an emergency supplemental re- quest, as akin to now fixing the levies in New Orleans. This prob- lem has existed for a while in both Mexico and Central America, and I certainly hope this emergency request is not just a way for VerDate 11-MAY-2000 14:53 Mar 14, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 ANTIDRUG sforel1 PsN: sforel1 3 the administration to avoid the obligation of paying for what we should have done for years. The emergency nature of the request raises other serious ques- tions. What is the expected length of this package, 2 years, 3 years? President Calderon will be in office for more—for 5 more years. Are we expecting to end this aid before his term is over? Finally and most importantly, how will this package effect over- all funding to Latin America in the fiscal year 2009 budget? I, for one, cannot support a package that cuts further into funding for a region that has the highest social inequity in the world and that has seen proposed cuts for funding and core development assist- ance every year since 2001. The fact that this request is considered an emergency, goes to what I believe is a core problem. We have no comprehensive policy in Latin America, otherwise we wouldn’t be here today. We would have been doing the right thing all along and avoided this emer- gency altogether. I have several other concerns, but I’ll wait until the questioning to pursue them. I hope today will be the beginning of an honest and forthright debate on this package. I hope the discussion will prompt a broader debate about our foreign assistance priorities to Latin America.
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