Transitions in Medieval Mediterranean Shipbuilding
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The Age of Exploration
ABSS8_ch05.qxd 2/9/07 10:54 AM Page 104 The Age of 5 Exploration FIGURE 5-1 1 This painting of Christopher Columbus arriving in the Americas was done by Louis Prang and Company in 1893. What do you think Columbus might be doing in this painting? 104 Unit 1 Renaissance Europe ABSS8_ch05.qxd 2/9/07 10:54 AM Page 105 WORLDVIEW INQUIRY Geography What factors might motivate a society to venture into unknown regions Knowledge Time beyond its borders? Worldview Economy Beliefs 1492. On a beach on an island in the Caribbean Sea, two Values Society Taino girls were walking in the cool shade of the palm trees eating roasted sweet potatoes. uddenly one of the girls pointed out toward the In This Chapter ocean. The girls could hardly believe their eyes. S Imagine setting out across an Three large strange boats with huge sails were ocean that may or may not con- headed toward the shore. They could hear the tain sea monsters without a map shouts of the people on the boats in the distance. to guide you. Imagine sailing on The girls ran back toward their village to tell the ocean for 96 days with no everyone what they had seen. By the time they idea when you might see land returned to the beach with a crowd of curious again. Imagine being in charge of villagers, the people from the boats had already a group of people who you know landed. They had white skin, furry faces, and were are planning to murder you. -
10 Am Class Syllabus
History 4260.001 Spring 2016 MWF 9 – 9:50 am Maritime History of the Wooten Hall 119 Age of Sail: 1588-1838 Dr. Donald K. Mitchener Office: Wooten Hall Room 228 e-mail: [email protected] Required Books: Hattendorf, John, ed. Maritime History: The Eighteenth Century and the Classic Age of Sail Mack, John. The Sea: A Cultural History Padfield, Peter. Maritime Supremacy and the Opening of the Western Mind: Naval Campaigns that Shaped the Modern World Padfield, Peter. Maritime Power and Struggle For Freedom: Naval Campaigns that Shaped the Modern World 1788-1851 Purpose of this Course: The open oceans of this planet were the great common areas around which Europeans and their social/cultural progeny created what they proclaimed to be the “modern world.” At the heart of this creation lay the European- dominated economic system that depended upon access to and reasonably unfettered use of the sea. This course looks at the development of that system during the period known as the “Age of Sail.” Course topics include the maritime aspects of European exploration of the world, the development of ships and navigational technology, naval developments, general maritime economic theory, and maritime cultural history. Course Requirements and Grading Policies: Students will take three (3) major exams. In addition, they will write two (2) book reviews. All will be graded on a strict 100-point scale. The final will NOT be comprehensive. Graduate Students: Graduate students taking this class will write a 20-page historiographical paper in lieu of the two undergraduate book reviews. The grades will be assigned as Exams, and Papers (percentage of grade) follows: A = 90 - 100 points 1st Exam (25%) Friday, February 26 B = 80 - 89 points 2nd Exam (25%) Wednesday, March 30 C = 70 - 79 points Book Reviews Due (25%) Monday, April 11 D = 60 - 69 points 3rd Exam - Final (25%) Wednesday, May 11 F = 59 and below (8:00 – 10:00 am) Lectures and Readings: 1. -
Cold Wintry Wind
THE WORK OF WIND: AIR, LAND, SEA Volume 1 The Work of Wind: Land Co-editors This book is published as part of The Work Christine Shaw of Wind: Air, Land, Sea, a variegated set Etienne Turpin of curatorial and editorial instantiations of the Beaufort Scale of Wind Force, developed by Managing Editor Christine Shaw from June 2018 to September Anna-Sophie Springer 2019. It is the first volume in a three-part publication series, with two additional volumes Copy Editor forthcoming in 2019. Jeffrey Malecki workofwind.ca Proofing Lucas Freeman Anna-Sophie Springer Design Katharina Tauer Printing and Binding The project series The Work of Wind: Air, Tallinna Raamatutrükikoja OÜ, Land, Sea is one of the 200 exceptional Tallinn, Estonia projects funded in part through the Canada Council for the Arts’ New Chapter program. ISBN 978-3-9818635-8-1 With this $35M investment, the Council supports the creation and sharing of the arts © each author, artist, designer, in communities across Canada. co-editors, and the co-publishers Published by K. Verlag Herzbergstr. 40–43 Hall 6, Studio 4 D-10365 Berlin [email protected] k-verlag.org In partnership with Blackwood Gallery University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6 Canada [email protected] blackwoodgallery.ca THE WORK OF WIND AIR, LAND, SEA Volume 1 The Work of Wind Land co-edited by Christine Shaw & Etienne Turpin K. Verlag 2018 THE WORK OF WIND: AIR, LAND, SEA In 1806, the British sea admiral Sir Francis Beaufort invented the Beaufort Scale of Wind Force as an index of thirteen levels measuring the effects of wind force. -
Direction In
What is meant by Direction ? Direction is the information contained in the relative position of one point with respect to another point without the distance information. Directions may be either relative to some indicated reference, or absolute . Direction is often indicated manually by an extended index finger or written as an arrow. On a vertically oriented sign representing a horizontal plane, such as a road sign, "forward" is usually indicated by an upward arrow. ASKING FOR ? DIRECTIONS How do I get to...? How can I get to...? Can you tell me the way to...? Where is...? GIVING DIRECTIONS Go straight on Turn left/right (into … street). Go along /up / down … street Take the first/second road on the left/right It's on the left/right. GIVING DIRECTIONS opposite near next to between at the end (of) on/at/ around the corner behind in front of IIPA , New Delhi We Are Here Near By Location of IIPA WHAT WORDS ARE MISSING? GO _______ GO ON TURN THE STREET GO ____ THE _______ STREET _________ TURN _______ TAKE THE TAKE THE TURN_____ FIRST ON FIRST ON THE _______ THE ________ WHAT WORDS ARE MISSING? Check your answers GO Stright THE Pass through GO UPTHE TURN Around STREET Narrow Bridge STREET TAKE THE TAKE THE TURN right TURN left FIRST ON FIRST ON THE left THE right FILL THE GAPS WITH THE WORDS : A- Excuse me, how Can I get to the castle? B- Go ________ this road, then ________ left and continue for about 100 metres. Then take the second turn on the _________. -
The Discovery of the Sea
The Discovery of the Sea "This On© YSYY-60U-YR3N The Discovery ofthe Sea J. H. PARRY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley • Los Angeles • London Copyrighted material University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles University of California Press, Ltd. London, England Copyright 1974, 1981 by J. H. Parry All rights reserved First California Edition 1981 Published by arrangement with The Dial Press ISBN 0-520-04236-0 cloth 0-520-04237-9 paper Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 81-51174 Printed in the United States of America 123456789 Copytightad material ^gSS3S38SSSSSSSSSS8SSgS8SSSSSS8SSSSSS©SSSSSSSSSSSSS8SSg CONTENTS PREFACE ix INTROn ilCTION : ONE S F A xi PART J: PRE PARATION I A RELIABLE SHIP 3 U FIND TNG THE WAY AT SEA 24 III THE OCEANS OF THE WORI.n TN ROOKS 42 ]Jl THE TIES OF TRADE 63 V THE STREET CORNER OF EUROPE 80 VI WEST AFRICA AND THE ISI ANDS 95 VII THE WAY TO INDIA 1 17 PART JJ: ACHJF.VKMKNT VIII TECHNICAL PROBL EMS AND SOMITTONS 1 39 IX THE INDIAN OCEAN C R O S S T N C. 164 X THE ATLANTIC C R O S S T N C 1 84 XJ A NEW WORT D? 20C) XII THE PACIFIC CROSSING AND THE WORI.n ENCOMPASSED 234 EPILOC.IJE 261 BIBLIOGRAPHIC AI. NOTE 26.^ INDEX 269 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1 An Arab bagMa from Oman, from a model in the Science Museum. 9 s World map, engraved, from Ptolemy, Geographic, Rome, 1478. 61 3 World map, woodcut, by Henricus Martellus, c. 1490, from Imularium^ in the British Museum. -
Not Even Past." William Faulkner NOT EVEN PAST
"The past is never dead. It's not even past." William Faulkner NOT EVEN PAST Search the site ... A History of the World in Like 0 Sixteen Shipwrecks, by Tweet Stewart Gordon (2015) By Cynthia Talbot The world’s attention was captured in 2012 by the disaster that befell the Costa Concordia, a cruise ship that ran aground off the coast of Italy leading to 32 deaths. This shipwreck is the most recent one covered in A History of the World in Sixteen Shipwrecks, whose expansive gaze covers much of the world from 6000 BCE to the present. Like several other books containing the words “A History of the World in ..” in their title, Stewart Gordon’s work attempts to encapsulate world history through the close study of a set number of things. Other examples of this approach include A History of the World in 100 Weapons, A History of the World in 12 Maps, A History of the World in 6 Glasses, and the very successful A History of the World in 100 Objects, a collaborative project between BBC Radio and the British Museum. Focusing on a few cases as a way to illustrate global trends is both entertaining and effective – the reader can acquire interesting details about specic things and learn about the broader context at the same time. Recovery operations on the Costa Concordia (via Wikimedia Commons). Shipwrecks are dramatic occurrences that are often tragic for those involved, but they can also lead to the preservation of artifacts that can be studied and analyzed, sometimes centuries or millennia after the events themselves. -
Inventory and Analysis of Archaeological Site Occurrence on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf
OCS Study BOEM 2012-008 Inventory and Analysis of Archaeological Site Occurrence on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Gulf of Mexico OCS Region OCS Study BOEM 2012-008 Inventory and Analysis of Archaeological Site Occurrence on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Author TRC Environmental Corporation Prepared under BOEM Contract M08PD00024 by TRC Environmental Corporation 4155 Shackleford Road Suite 225 Norcross, Georgia 30093 Published by U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management New Orleans Gulf of Mexico OCS Region May 2012 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared under contract between the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and TRC Environmental Corporation. This report has been technically reviewed by BOEM, and it has been approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of BOEM, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endoresements or recommendation for use. It is, however, exempt from review and compliance with BOEM editorial standards. REPORT AVAILABILITY This report is available only in compact disc format from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, at a charge of $15.00, by referencing OCS Study BOEM 2012-008. The report may be downloaded from the BOEM website through the Environmental Studies Program Information System (ESPIS). You will be able to obtain this report also from the National Technical Information Service in the near future. Here are the addresses. You may also inspect copies at selected Federal Depository Libraries. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. -
Lexique Nautique Anglais-Français
,Aa « DIX MILLE TERMES POUR NAVIGUER EN FRANÇAIS » Lexique nautique anglais français© ■ Dernière mise à jour le 15.5.2021 ■ Saisi sur MS Word pour Mac, Fonte Calibri 9 ■ Taille: 3,4 Mo – Entrées : 10 114 – Mots : 180 358 ■ Classement alphabétique des entrées anglaises (locutions ou termes), fait indépendamment de la ponctuation (Cet ordre inhabituel effectué manuellement n’est pas respecté à quelques endroits, volontairement ou non) ■ La lecture en mode Page sur deux colonnes est fortement suggérée ■ Mode d’emploi Cliquer sur le raccourci clavier Recherche pour trouver toutes les occurrences d’un terme ou expression en anglais ou en français AVERTISSEMENT AUX LECTEURS Ce lexique nautique anglais-français est destiné aux plaisanciers qui souhaitent naviguer en français chez eux comme à l’étranger, aux amoureux de la navigation et de la langue française; aux instructeurs, moniteurs, modélistes navals et d’arsenal, constructeurs amateurs, traducteurs en herbe, journalistes et adeptes de sports nautiques, lecteurs de revues spécialisées, clubs et écoles de voile. L’auteur remercie les généreux plaisanciers qui depuis plus de quatre décennies ont fait parvenir corrections et suggestions, (dont le capitaine Lionel Cormier de Havre-Saint-Pierre qui continue à fidèlement le faire) et il s’excuse à l’avance des coquilles, erreurs et doublons résiduels ainsi que du classement alphabétique inhabituel ISBN 0-9690607-0-X © 28.10.19801 LES ÉDITIONS PIERRE BIRON Enr. « Votre lexique est très apprécié par le Commandant Sizaire, autorité en langage maritime. Je n’arrive pas à comprendre que vous ne trouviez pas de diffuseur en France pour votre lexique alors que l’on manque justement ici d’un ouvrage comme le vôtre, fiable, très complet, bien présenté, très clair. -
Sunfish Sailboat Rigging Instructions
Sunfish Sailboat Rigging Instructions Serb and equitable Bryn always vamp pragmatically and cop his archlute. Ripened Owen shuttling disorderly. Phil is enormously pubic after barbaric Dale hocks his cordwains rapturously. 2014 Sunfish Retail Price List Sunfish Sail 33500 Bag of 30 Sail Clips 2000 Halyard 4100 Daggerboard 24000. The tomb of Hull Speed How to card the Sailing Speed Limit. 3 Parts kit which includes Sail rings 2 Buruti hooks Baiky Shook Knots Mainshoat. SUNFISH & SAILING. Small traveller block and exerts less damage to be able to set pump jack poles is too big block near land or. A jibe can be dangerous in a fore-and-aft rigged boat then the sails are always completely filled by wind pool the maneuver. As nouns the difference between downhaul and cunningham is that downhaul is nautical any rope used to haul down to sail or spar while cunningham is nautical a downhaul located at horse tack with a sail used for tightening the luff. Aca saIl American Canoe Association. Post replys if not be rigged first to create a couple of these instructions before making the hole on the boom; illegal equipment or. They make mainsail handling safer by allowing you relief raise his lower a sail with. Rigging Manual Dinghy Sailing at sailboatscouk. Get rigged sunfish rigging instructions, rigs generally do not covered under very high wind conditions require a suggested to optimize sail tie off white cleat that. Sunfish Sailboat Rigging Diagram elevation hull and rigging. The sailboat rigspecs here are attached. 650 views Quick instructions for raising your Sunfish sail and female the. -
“F-27 1996 Sail Plan ”-Layer#1
Sail Luff Leach Foot Material Area RECOMMENDED 50mm MAINSAIL CAMBER: 100/4" 2" Mainsail 33' 4" 35' 1" 12' 10" Mylar 317sq.ft. Top Third 10% at 44% aft Cutout for Middle 12% at 48% aft halyard Jib 33' 9" 30' 2" 11' 7" Mylar 185sq.ft. Bottom Third 6% at 46% aft clearance Recommended mast pre-bend is 3" Genoa 33' 9" 30' 8" 16' 1" Mylar 272sq.ft. Maximum headstay tension is 2700lbs, HEAD 9mm Rope Luff sag is 4-5" DETAIL Asy. Spinn. 39' 8" 36' 26' 11" Nylon 772sq.ft. 3/8" min. gap for Screacher 34' 10' 31' 9" 21' Mylar 343sq.ft. feeder clearance 31" Storm Jib 17' 12' 11" 9' 11" Mylar 59sq.ft. Batten Plastic Batten pocket end plate, bolted R. Furling 31' 9" 29' 11" 15' 8" Mylar 231sq.ft. Genoa or riveted through sail 1996 F-27 ® Class Rules: Mainsail BATTEN END DETAIL Max. Main Head Width (MHW) = 31" Maximum P (Luff) = 33' 4" Maximum E (Foot) = 12' 10" Maximum 1/4 P girth = 7' 4" 8oz Teflon Maximum 1/2 P girth = 10' 3" tape The mainsail shall be attached to the mast with a bolt rope and/or slugs. The mainsail shall be roller reefing and 9mm hard furling. 3/4" 12" 16" ® braided rope 9 1/4" Headsails (Jib & Genoa) MAIN LUFF TAPE: to be 8oz Number of headsails carried within these 25" measurements is left to the owners Teflon Tape or similar over 9mm discretion. 3"27 solid braided rope Maximum Luff = 33' 9" MAIN FOOT TAPE: to be 8oz Maximum Luff Perp. -
Further Devels'nent Ofthe Tunny
FURTHERDEVELS'NENT OF THETUNNY RIG E M H GIFFORDANO C PALNER Gi f ford and P art ners Carlton House Rlngwood Road Hoodl ands SouthamPton S04 2HT UK 360 1, lNTRODUCTION The idea of using a wing sail is not new, indeed the ancient junk rig is essentially a flat plate wing sail. The two essential characteristics are that the sail is stiffened so that ft does not flap in the wind and attached to the mast in an aerodynamically balanced way. These two features give several important advantages over so called 'soft sails' and have resulted in the junk rig being very successful on traditional craft. and modern short handed-cruising yachts. Unfortunately the standard junk rig is not every efficient in an aer odynamic sense, due to the presence of the mast beside the sai 1 and the flat shapewhich results from the numerousstiffening battens. The first of these problems can be overcomeby usi ng a double ski nned sail; effectively two junk sails, one on either side of the mast. This shields the mast from the airflow and improves efficiency, but it still leaves the problem of a flat sail. To obtain the maximumdrive from a sail it must be curved or cambered!, an effect which can produce over 5 more force than from a flat shape. Whilst the per'formanceadvantages of a cambered shape are obvious, the practical way of achieving it are far more elusive. One line of approach is to build the sail from ri gid componentswith articulated joints that allow the camberto be varied Ref 1!. -
European Ships of Discovery
European Ships of Discovery Filipe Castro Texas A&M University [email protected] Abstract The ships and boats of the 15th and early 16th century European voyages were the space shuttles of their time, and yet we don’t know much about them because most have been destroyed by looters and treasure hunters. This paper will focus on a particular type, the caravel, and presents an overview of the early European watercraft that crossed the Atlantic and sailed along the American coasts during the first decades of the 16th century. Key words: caravel, 16th Century, Europe, ships, looting Introduction The earliest Iberian voyages into the Atlantic were carried out in the existing ships. Soon however the need to adapt the existing watercraft to the sailing conditions of the open sea triggered a process of evolution that is poorly understood, but that reflects the existing cultural, scientific and economic conditions in the Iberian kingdoms. This is an interesting process of technological evolution that is in its earliest states of investigation. The main ships of the European expansion were sailing ships, mainly caravels, naus, and galleons. Rowing ships were also used in the European factories abroad, sometimes shipped in the holds of sailing ships, and sometimes built in Africa and Asia, in the beginning according to European standards, but very soon incorporating local features as they were understood as advantageous. This paper deals with caravels, a versatile and small ship type that is still poorly understood. Caravels Caravels are among the least understood of all historical vessels. Mentioned in hundreds, perhaps thousands of books, these ships are associated with the Iberian exploration of the Atlantic in the 15th century, and are considered the space shuttles of their time, allowing the Portuguese and Spanish explorers to sail down the African coast, and open the maritime routes to the Caribbean, the west coast of Africa, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans.