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Nomadic Incursion MMW 13, Lecture 3
MMW 13, Lecture 3 Nomadic Incursion HOW and Why? The largest Empire before the British Empire What we talked about in last lecture 1) No pure originals 2) History is interrelated 3) Before Westernization (16th century) was southernization 4) Global integration happened because of human interaction: commerce, religion and war. Known by many names “Ruthless” “Bloodthirsty” “madman” “brilliant politician” “destroyer of civilizations” “The great conqueror” “Genghis Khan” Ruling through the saddle Helped the Eurasian Integration Euroasia in Fragments Afro-Eurasia Afro-Eurasian complex as interrelational societies Cultures circulated and accumulated in complex ways, but always interconnected. Contact Zones 1. Eurasia: (Hemispheric integration) a) Mediterranean-Mesopotamia b) Subcontinent 2) Euro-Africa a) Africa-Mesopotamia 3) By the late 15th century Transatlantic (Globalization) Africa-Americas 12th century Song and Jin dynasties Abbasids: fragmented: Fatimads in Egypt are overtaken by the Ayyubid dynasty (Saladin) Africa: North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa Europe: in the periphery; Roman catholic is highly bureaucratic and society feudal How did these zones become connected? Nomadic incursions Xiongunu Huns (Romans) White Huns (Gupta state in India) Avars Slavs Bulgars Alans Uighur Turks ------------------------------------------------------- In Antiquity, nomads were known for: 1. War 2. Migration Who are the Nomads? Tribal clan-based people--at times formed into confederate forces-- organized based on pastoral or agricultural economies. 1) Migrate so to adapt to the ecological and changing climate conditions. 2) Highly competitive on a tribal basis. 3) Religion: Shamanistic & spirit-possession Two Types of Nomadic peoples 1. Pastoral: lifestyle revolves around living off the meat, milk and hides of animals that are domesticated as they travel through arid lands. -
Bee Round 1 Bee Round 1 Regulation Questions
NHBB Nationals Bee 2018-2019 Bee Round 1 Bee Round 1 Regulation Questions (1) This man, as Public Safety Director of Cleveland, controversially ordered the burning of its shanty towns in response to the Cleveland Torso Murderer. This man co-wrote a memoir with Oscar Farley which was named for a term coined by Charles Schwarz. George Johnson appointed this man to head a group dedicated to prosecuting criminals under the Volstead Act. This man's inability to be bribed by the Chicago Outfit led him and his men to be labeled the \Untouchables." For the point, name this Prohibition-era crime fighter who helped bring down Al Capone. ANSWER: Eliot Ness (2) One woman during this period was strangled after her infant son, nicknamed “offspring of the thief," was hanged. Jacob De La Gardie helped defeat the Rebel of Tushino during this period, but defected when Dmitri Shuisky failed to lift the Siege of Smolensk after being defeated by winged hussars at the Battle of Klushino. This period began after Feodor the Bellringer was briefly succeeded by Boris Gudonov. At least four pretenders to the throne named False Dmitris appeared during, for the point, what tumultuous era which ended with the accession of Michael Romanov? ANSWER: Time of Troubles (3) During this conflict, Wilhelm II requested Abdul Hamid II to stop Muslim troops from fighting. Those forces murdered Sugiyama Akira during this conflict and repelled the Seymour expedition. The Militia United in Righteousness fought alongside those forces, the Gansu Braves, in this conflict, where their siege of the Legation Quarter was lifted by the Eight-Nation Army. -
Genghis Khan and Modern Mongolian Identity: the Democracy Connection
The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Number 8-9, 2002 GENGHIS KHAN AND MODERN MONGOLIAN IDENTITY: THE DEMOCRACY CONNECTION Paula L. W. Sabloff (USA)* It is not surprising that since Mongolia’s separation from the Soviet Union Genghis Khan has rapidly become a symbol of national unity. Born in 1162 in Hentii Province (aimag), Mongolia, Genghis Khan had united the Mongol peoples into an independent, sovereign nation in 1189. By 1206, the year he was elected Genghis Khan of All Mongols, he had expanded Mongol territory to roughly its present size. Over the next twenty-one years, he and his sons conquered the largest land mass ever held by one ruler: from Korea to Persia and the Caspian Sea, from Russia south to the Yellow River of China (Ratchnevsky 1997). Clearly Genghis Khan is the author of Mongolian independence. Today’s Mongolian government promotes Genghis Khan as a symbol of national unity and independence. His picture is on the three highest denomina- tions of Mongolian money. The ceremonial ger (yurt) located in the inner court- yard of Parliament houses a huge statue of the seated ruler; visiting dignitaries are brought here for ‘photo-ops.’ Right outside the legislative chamber on the first floor of Parliament, nine ceremonial ‘banners’ of white horsetails stand opposite a bust of Genghis Khan. The banners are paraded at the Naadam festival and then placed in a circular holder before the reviewing stand of the President. As 1,000 wrestlers march into the arena during the opening parade, they literally make obeisance to the nine banners, bowing before them. -
Chinggis Khan on Film: Globalization, Nationalism, and Historical Revisionism
Volume 16 | Issue 22 | Number 1 | Article ID 5214 | Nov 15, 2018 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Chinggis Khan on Film: Globalization, Nationalism, and Historical Revisionism Robert Y. Eng Few personalities in world history have had a (which had been replaced by the Cyrillic more compelling personal story or a greater script), the rehabilitation of Chinggis Khan, and impact on the world than Temüjin, who rose the revival of Tibetan Buddhism. Mongols from destitute circumstances to be crowned as celebrated the rediscovery of Chinggis Khan as Chinggis Khan in 1206 and became the founder a national symbol through religious of the world’s greatest contiguous land empire. celebrations, national festivals, academic Today, eight and a half centuries after his birth, conferences, poetic renditions, art exhibitions, Chinggis Khan remains an object of personal and rock songs.3 His name and image were also and collective fascination, and his image and commodified. The international airport at life story are appropriated for the purposes of Ulaanbaatar is named after Chinggis, as are constructing national identity and commercial one of the capital’s fanciest hotels and one of profit. its most popular beers. Chinggis’ image appears on every denomination of the Vilified as a murderous tyrant outside his Mongolian currency. homeland, yet celebrated by the Mongols as a great hero and object of cultic worship for This revival of a national cult, one that had centuries,1 Chinggis Khan’s reputation been banned during the socialist era, is a underwent an eclipse even in Mongolia when it response to endemic corruption, growing fell under Soviet domination in the early economic inequalities, and a host of other twentieth century. -
'The Rise and Fall of the Second Largest Empire in History: How Genghis Khan's Mongols Almost Conquered the World'
H-War May on Craughwell, 'The Rise and Fall of the Second Largest Empire in History: How Genghis Khan's Mongols Almost Conquered the World' Review published on Tuesday, June 29, 2010 Thomas J. Craughwell. The Rise and Fall of the Second Largest Empire in History: How Genghis Khan's Mongols Almost Conquered the World. Beverly: Fair Winds Press, 2010. Illustrations. 272 pp. $19.99 (paper), ISBN 978-1-59233-398-1. Reviewed by Timothy May (North Georgia College & State University) Published on H-War (June, 2010) Commissioned by Brian G.H. Ditcham Long Titles and Lavish Illustrations As one might gather from the title of Thomas J. Craughwell’s book on the Mongol Empire, it is intended for the general public. Indeed, from a scholarly perspective there is little to recommend-- there are no new interpretations of events or analysis. While the sources are fairly up to date, the author relies on equal parts popular works as to scholarly books. Also, the book has numerous errors. So why is it being reviewed? Other than the fact that I was asked to review it, the book must be judged for its merits. Furthermore, it is a book such as this that first awakened my interest (and I suspect others’) in the Mongol Empire, and for that reason alone it should receive some attention. The book is organized in sixteen chapters. The first eleven deal with the life and conquest of Chinggis Khan. Craughwell uses the “G-word,” or Genghis Khan. I assume he makes this choice because the popular audience might be more familiar with this name or rather title and would become confused with the more proper Chinggis Khan. -
On the Origin of the Naiman
Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 9 (2016 9) 2071-2081 ~ ~ ~ УДК 930.85 (575.2) (04) On the origin of the Naiman Tabyldy A. Akerov* International University of Kyrgyzstan 255 Chui, Bishkek, 720001, Kyrgyzstan Received 13.03.2016, received in revised form 20.06.2016, accepted 15.08.2016 The work is dedicated to the problem of the origin of the medieval Altai ethnos of Naimans, who were able to form an early feudal state in Altai in the 12th century. The scientific literature ascribed them the Turkic, Mongol or Turko-Mongol origin. The work studies the issue of the origin of the Naiman in the context of studying the etymology of the ethnonym Naiman. It offers a new hypothesis of the emergence of the ethnonym Naiman among historical terms, which could have been inherited or borrowed from the eight constituent alliance of Kangar-Pecheneg tribes. The paper examines possible ethnopolitical and ethnogenetic, as well as ethnocultural ties of the Naiman with the Az, the Kangar-Pecheneg, the Kuchuk, the Tumat, the Oguz, the Khitan and other Altaic tribes. Based on the study, analysis and comparison of the version of the epic Manas described in the book Madzhumu at-Tavarikh by S. Akhsikendi with later versions of the great legend, the author makes an attempt to define the role and place of Naimans in the history of the Kyrgyz people and epic at the Altai stage of their development. Keywords: Manas, the Naiman, the Kangar-Pecheneg, the Tumat, the Oguz, the Khitan, the Az, the Yenisei Kyrgyz, early feudal state, Buyruk Khan, Mogolistan, Altai, the Tien-Shan. -
The World Empire of the Mongols
Week 20 The World Empire of the Mongols Historical Overview The Song, as we've seen, emerged in a multi-state world. Its power no longer reached Central Asia, as had that of the Tang, and closer to home, powerful regimes had entrenched themselves firmly within the former northern territories of the Tang. These regimes, those of the Khitan people in the Northeast, with the Liao Dynasty, and the Tangut people in the Northwest, who would eventually form the Western Xia, had established sophisticated systems of multiethnic administration and power projection. But while this northern influence on China would persist and expand in the period that we are about to study, the actors would change. Early in the 12th century, the Jurchens, a nomadic people of the far Northeast, established the Jin dynasty and proceeded to conquer the Liao to their west, and then in 1126, to attack the Song, taking the Song capital of Kaifeng and most of northern China. The result is a division in Song history between the Northern Song and the Southern Song. The Song reconstitutes itself at Hangzhou, and by 1142, signs a peace treaty with the Jin. But even greater change was still to come from this northern border. Out of a resource crisis in the northern steppe at the end of the 12th century and in a world of continental trade and changing central Asian empires, Ghengis Khan unified the tribes of the steppe under a single ruler, and with them created an army that would cross into central Asia and then turn back and conquer Western Xia and Jin. -
Genghis Khan War Council Background Guide
Genghis Khan War Council Background Guide Chairs: EagleMUNC Paul Howard Website: Boston College Model [email protected] www.EagleMUNC.org United Nations Conference March 17-19 2017 Taylor Belval Genghis Khan Letters from the Secretariat Delegates, It is my distinct pleasure to welcome you to EagleMUNC V! My name is Kerianne DiBattista, and I am the Secretary-General of EagleMUNC V. I am a senior at Boston College in the Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences majoring in International Studies with a concentration in Economics. I am originally from Long Island, NY, and I have been participating in Model UN conferences since I was in tenth grade, rising to become Head Delegate and Secretary-General of my high school conference. At BC, I travelled to several conferences with our MUN team and I have participated EagleMUNC since my freshman year. As you begin your EagleMUNC V experience, I implore you to explore the conference theme, "The Interplay of Power and Ethics," and make your EagleMUNC experience the best it can be! Thank you, and I'll see you at EagleMUNC! Best Regards, Kerianne DiBattista Secretary-General, EagleMUNC V Dear Delegates, It is my great pleasure to welcome you to EagleMUNC V! My name is Jack Massih and I am the Under Secretary-General of Political Affairs. I am a senior at Boston College studying Political Science and Economics. I began participating in MUN my sophomore year of high school and have been hooked ever since. I joined the EagleMUNC team as a freshman for the first year we moved off BC’s campus and into Boston, and it has been a joy to witness the conference continuously grow and evolve since then. -
DOCTORAL DISSERTATION History and Contemporary Situation of Oirat
DOCTORAL DISSERTATION History and Contemporary Situation of Oirat Buddhist Monasteries in Western Mongolia Lkhagvasuren Dorj 2020 Eötvös Loránd University Faculty of Humanities DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Lkhagvasuren Dorj History and Contemporary Situation of Oirat Buddhist Monasteries in Western Mongolia Doctoral School of Linguistics Head: Dr. Tolcsvai Nagy Gábor, DSc Supervisor: Dr. Birtalan Ágnes, CSc Member of the Assessment committee Chairperson of the Board: Dr. Vásáry István, DSc, MHAS, professor emeritus Official opponents: Dr. Rákos Attila, PhD Dr. Sodnomdorj Yanjinsuren Secretary of the Board: Dr. Apatóczky Ákos Bertalan, PhD Member of the Board: Dr. Sárközi Alice, CSc Dr. Kakas Beáta, PhD Dr. Kósa Gábor, PhD Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 1. Spread of Buddhism among the Mongols and the Oirats..................................................... 12 1.1. Spread of Buddhism among the Mongols ..................................................................... 12 1.2. Spread of Buddhism among the Oirats .......................................................................... 29 2. The Oirats and the Dzungar Empire ..................................................................................... 35 2.1. Brief History of the Oirats and the Dzungar Empire ..................................................... 42 2.2. Khutugtus and Eminent Monks in the Oirat Areas....................................................... -
TEMUJIN an Audio Drama
TEMUJIN An Audio Drama By Roshan Singh W: www.roshansinghsambhi.com E: [email protected] 1 | Page Act One. Mountaintop soundscape bleeds in. Light wind, rustling of grass. The clattering of bones, across the grass. Temujin Overture plays, briefly, over this soundscape. At its peak: Narration: Temujin, an audio drama. Act One. A beat after the music ends. Whisperers creep in, ethereal and otherworldly – as they do, we sink into Jamukha’s headspace, as the mountain top soundscape ebbs momentarily away. Whisperers: Hail…hail… (Rising, overlapping.) All, hail… (Peak intensity, in unison.) All hail the Gur Khan! Immediately: Whisperer 1: I heard he was killed in his sleep. Whisperer 2: I heard he was shot off his horse, mid-retreat. Whisperer 3: I heard he slashed his own throat open. Whisperer 1: It was an act of war! Whisperer 2: It was an assassin! Whisperer 3: It was a singular moment of clarity. Jamukha grunts, rising, as the mountaintop soundscape returns. Jamukha: Guard! We hear the Guard shamble over. Slave 1: Yes, oh Khan. Jamukha: Where were you? Slave 1: Patrolling the mountaintop, oh Khan. Jamukha: I didn’t hear footsteps. 2 | Page Slave 1: I was, uh, scanning the horizon for threats. Jamukha: Standing stock still. Slave 1: My eyes were moving. Jamukha: Someone might have come from here – or there – and taken a shot. Slave 1: I’d have seen them coming – As Slave 1 and Jamukha are talking, we hear Slave 2 approach. Slave 1: (In shock.) Oh! (Beat.) You’re back. Slave 2: We go another day without starving. -
Rituals of Sworn Brotherhood (Mong. Anda Bol-, Oir. And, Ax Diiü Bol-) in Mongol Historic and Epic Tradition1
Rituals of Sworn Brotherhood (Mong. anda bol-, Oir. and, ax diiü bol-) in Mongol Historic and Epic Tradition1 ÁGNES BLRT ALAN The Turko-Mongolic term anda designates one of the key phenomena of the for- mation of tribal confederations among the early thirteenth-century Mongols. In the contemporary indigenous and foreign historical sources, entering into an andfl-relationship signifies a two-sided coalition of two males, usually clan or tribal chieftains, who after a ritual sealing of the alliance align to each other in military and political affairs. The historical relevance of the anda-relationship has been studied by a few scholars, first by B. Ja. Vladimircov, who interpreted the term as "nazvannye brat'ja" and analysed the case of Temujin (Mong. Temiijin)2 and Jamukha (SH Jamuqa) and the relationship between Temujin and Togril, the Ong khan (SH To'ril, Ong qan).3 In his elaborate notes to the passages of The Secret History of the Mongols, I. de Rachewiltz enumerates some of the main interpretations of the term and the institution - he quotes F. Isono and O. Lattimore - interpreted merely as a kind of an alliance (anda - "sworn friends") and not as a pseudo- kinship. Rachewiltz also refers to the data of the Sino-Mongol glossaries written in various epochs since the period of the Yuan Dynasty. The term and is usually identified with the term nokor "ally, friend, companion, fellow", the given Chi- nese equivalents of which are the following: "friend, sworn friend, intimate 1 Here I would like to express my gratitude to Tatjana Skrinnikova, Michal Biran and Mehmet Tezcan for their valuable comments on my paper. -
Issue 6 Issue 6 Sutton Grammar School History Society Presents Retrospect People Who Have Changed the World
Issue 6 Issue 6 Sutton Grammar School History Society presents Retrospect People who have changed the world Joan of Arc Julius Caesar Mohandas Gandhi Bernard Montgomery Genghis Khan Cesare Beccaria PLUS: People who changed the world… that you probably have not heard of Retrospect Editorial Welcome to the newest edition of Retrospect ! All good things must come to an end and on a sad note, Louis Garnhams’s tenure as chief editor has in- deed come to an end. Do not fear though, your favourite termly publication shall continue under a new team of editors who aim to maintain or even ex- ceed the high standards set by last years History Society. This bumper issue focuses on those who have in some shape or form trans- formed the world, and therefore history. As can be expected, a great many famous names make an appearance, with Mandela, Gandhi, Churchill and Caesar to name a few, being explored in great depth in their articles. Howev- er, many lesser known individuals are also included, and we have hoped to inform you of many people who you may not have heard about, but have undoubtedly altered the course of history. Enjoy! Page 12 Contents Your Editors 3 Nelson Mandela: The man who shaped society from behind bars 5 People who changed the world…. that you probably Page 33 have not heard of 7 Samuel Morse 8 Alumni Corner: Genghis Khan 11 Mohandas Gandhi 12 Women who changed the world 15 Winston Churchill 17 Erwin Rommel: The Desert Fox 19 Bernard Montgomery: The man who saved the Allies 22 Joan of Arc: A teenager who saved a nation 24 Jesse