PUB CATE Jan 79 NOTE 318P. LANGUAGE English: Dari EDES

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TITLE English -Dari Cictionary. INSTITUTION peace Corps, Washington, D.C. PUB CATE Jan 79 NOTE 318p. LANGUAGE English: Dari

EDES PRICE MF01/PC13 Plus Postage. CE SC RI PTORS *Idioms: Phonetic Transcription: *Vocahu Word Lists IDENTIFIERS Bilingual Materials: *Cari

ABSTRACT This 7,000-word dictionary is designed for English speakers learning Dari. The dictionary consists of two parts, the first a reference to find words easily translatable from one language to the other, the second a list of idioms and short phrases commonly used in eversday conversation, yet not readily translatable. Many of these entries have no adequate translation and may thus provide an insight into the Afghan culture. The list of translatable words gives Dari words in Arabic script and phonetic transcription. The list of idioms gives the phonetic transcription only. (J5)

*********** _********** **** ******* *** ** ********** Reproductions supplied by ERRS are the best that can be made from the original document *************************** ENGLISH -PART DICTIONARY

PEACE CORPS

AFGHANISTAN

U S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION A WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- OUCED EXACTLY AS RACEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN- ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED CFO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE- SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

January 1979 Kabul, Afghanistan INTRODUCTION

This is a 316 page 7,000 word English. advice along the way, and to Ms,Barbara

Dari dictionary which hopefully will be Miller for her workon the manuscript.

mtful for English speakers learning Finally, appreciationgoes to Ms. Kath-

Dari, The dictionary has two parts, the leen McCullough for making typingcor-

first a reference to find words easily rections on the last version. translatable from one language to the other, the second, some idioms and short phrases commonly used in everyday conver- Paul Fishstein sation, yet not readily translatable. M. Rahim Ghaznawi

In many cases, these entries are ones for which no adequate traulation exists.

Thus, these idioms and phrases may help you in getting insight into the Afghan culture.

It is impossible to adequately thank all who have helped in this project, but spe- cial gratitude goes to Ms. Nancy Lamson for her typing the dictionary and offering MAR 2 1 1980

1) PRONUNCIATION

Vowels:

as in about

A as in ought call

e as in rest

E as in make M.=

I as in beast

o as in put

0 as in note

U as i-

Consonants: Most consonants are pro- nounced as they are in Western Languages.

A few, however, should be noted:

These sounds are not found in English. The only way to gh master producing these sounds is to imitate the native kh speakers of Dar/ as they produce these sounds. adolescent(n) jawAn A (adj) jawAni address(n)Adres YA) yak adventure(n) khAtera. ie(v) tAnestan sargozasht mEtAnem advertise(v) ElAn k xlit(prep) rAja ba advertisememt(n) Elan-e tejAratI apprmdmatelytagrfban above(prep) bAlA advice(n)nasihat on top of sar-e advise(v)nasthat k absent(adj) ghayr Azer affadavit(n) ariza accept(v) qabUl k afghan hound(n) sag-e tAzI actident(n) etefAq afghaniN money afghani accideatly(adv) sahwan ropa. etefAgar, afrald(v) to betarsidan aecordion(n) akArdyUn mEtarsom aecurate(adj) sahib after(adv) bAd az dactirri afternoon(n) earlypIshin accuse(v)tohmat k lateagar ache(n) dard again(adv)bAz (v) dard k a second timedtibAra across(prep)mogAbel gaebta rU ba rU against(prep) -moqAbel action(n) areal agateM atilq (v) to do mai k ageM) personSea activities(n) kArobAr omr actor(n) artistonarmand era zamAn aetresa(n)onarmand egentO) legal wakr1 add(v) hesAb k nomAyenda adding machthe(n) mA elan -e hesAb undercovernafar-e makhsUs ago(adv) pEah almond(n) hAdAm agree(v) gabtll k almost(adv)tagriban mowAfega k nezdilc tasdlq k alone(adj) tanhA agreeahle(adj) amfeker alphabet(n) alethA agreement(n) mowAfega also(adv) am Las* nEz agriculture(n) zerAhat amohenAn ahead(adj) straight- rU ba rU aluminum(n) arm- aid(n) komak always(adv) amesha (v) hook k arwakht air(n) awA aniazing(adj) ajth airfield(n) maydAn-e Myr ambassador(n) sailr amber(n) sang-s kahroba airplane(n) tayAra )1,..ri amethyst(n) yAgUt-e arghawAnI airport(n) maydAn-e awAyl ty.1)-11

amidst(prep)mAblyn alarm clock(n) sAt=e sarmEzI die among(prep) mAblyn

and(conj) wa albino(adj) !churl alcohol(n) alkOl angle(n) zAwlya liquoursharAb konj alert(adj)bEdAr angry(adj) gar alive(adj) zenda aninial(n) halwAn alley(n) kocha chArpAy LL allow(v) ejAza dAdan anotier(adj)yak d%ar to let mAndan anniversary(n)sAl gera otJL_ rnEmAnom announce(v) ElAnk ur-01.-41 alligator(n) nehang announcement(n) ElAn ally(v) tAhld k answer(n) jawAb

(v) jawAb dAdan 1.) 6

ant(n)morcha arc(n)kamar antiques(n) and kamAn archaeological sAmAn=e atlqa oLL arch(n) kamAn architectural tAq anyhow(adv) ba ar sUrat architect(n)memAr anyway(adv) ba ar Urat rt"! area(n)mantaqa. anywhere(adv) ar jAy argue(v)goft-o go k aparbnent(n) apArtomAn argument(n) goft-o gel ape(n) shAdt Lcjt monAgesha aphid(n) shebeshak mobAreza appeal(n) legalmorAjeha arrn(n) bA-zU (v) morAjeha k armed(adj) aslehadAr appendicitis(n)apandesit mosalah applaud(v) ehak ehak k hA salA apple(n) sEb army(n) ordU apply(v) to use estemAl k0JJJ around(prep) atrAf to put into effectamal k circledawr for a job darkhAst-e kAr k LY-11 arrange(v) tartlb k arrangement(n) tartlb appropriately(adv) bA drOsti arrive(v)rasldan apprehensive(adj) perEshAn mErasoni approvalM qabUlI arrogant(adj) maghrUr approve(v)qabUI k kAka approxlmate(v) nezdlk k arrow(n) weapontir (adj) taciribi rrV art(n)fan approxlmately(adv) twits kamAl apricot(n) yellow zardA1U JL onar white qaysi article(n)piece of writing apron(n) pEshband magAla arbor(n) chayla mazmUn artist(n) onannand J...... v...... A atheistic(adj)bEdin as(cOnj) like tawai-e 0-6 bEkhoda mesl-e ti----"' at last(adv)dar Akher ascend(v) bAIA shodan 03---: t--: at least(adv)kam az kam beland raftan aqalan ash(n)khAkestar atmosphere(n) awA ashamed(adj) khejel J--..--; at most(adv)had-e aksar (v) to be- khejlat kashldan at once(adv) (last" at present(adv)flan ashtray(n) khAkestar dAnI attempt(n)koshesh a*(V)porsAn k (v) kosbesh k sawAl k attendance record(n)Am! parsIdan attention(n)deqat mEparsom (v) to pay-deqat k to requestkhAyesh k attentive(adj) nioteweje official dar khAstl attract(v)jalb k asleep(adj) khaw attraction(n)jalb asparagus(n)mArchOba attractive(adj)khoshtEp aspect(n) qesmat delrobA hesa audible(adj) Obeli shonldan asphalt(n)qlr audience(n) shenawendagAn aspirin(n) asperin auditorium(n)otAq-e kanfarAnsv-41 ass(n)khar assembly(n)majles aunt(n) maternal khAla aster(n) zEba paternal ama rahnA authOr(n) nawlsenda at(prep)ba automatic(adj) UtUmAt dar automobile(n)motor at first(adv)dar awal autumn(n)khazAn atheist(n)bEdin avalanche(n) snowbartkoch bEkhoda rocksang rEza avenue(n) jAda bad(adj) ItharAb average(n) awsat morally bad wasatl bag(n) Malta (all)motowaset kharlta

common AdI cloth sackbUjI avoid(v) ter-khod Amadan baggage(n)bAr awake(v) bEdAr shodan bait(n) toma (adj) bEdAr bake(v) pokhta k away(adv) dUr baked(adj)poldlta awhile(adv) kam-e walk baking powder(n) beken pOdar awkward(adj) situation zesht baking sodatn),poll axe(n) tabu bald(adj)kal hatchet tabarcha tA a

ball(n) tOp

balloon(n) pQq.Ana B ballpoint pencil) qaain-u khodkA

baby(n) human tefel bamboo(n) bAnks oshtok banana(n) kEli animal ohUcha bard(n) musicdasta sAz bachelor(n) mojarad bandage(n)plantar A back(prep) rearposht (v) Mostar k back from a second object bank(n) bAnk pas Lrp edge kenA r in back ofposht-e Bar lab backpack(n) chAnta banquet(n) memAn1 backwards(ativ) be taraf-e posht dahwat barber(n) salmAni (adj) undevelopedpasmAn bare(adj)ltich bacon(n) gsht-e khUlc bargain(v)jagra k

I bark(n) treepost-e darakht J battle(n)jang (v) ghaw ghaw k jedAl JI barley(n) jaw (v) jang k barn(u) gaw khAna jedAl k tabEla bayonet(n)barchapak barrel(n) waterbElar barcha tAnki bazaar(n)bAzAr base(n) of an object pAya moneybAzAr-e niyAh conceptual qAyda grainmandayl asAs LI be(v) blJdan (adj) low,meanpast astern bashful(adj) sliarmendok beach(n) sAel basio(adj) asAs1 L bead(n) prayertasbEh basioally(adv) asAsAn beam(n)ehOb-e dastak basin(n) hand dastshoy bean(n) kidney lUbIyA wash-tasht stringfAsei a basis(n) asAs bear(n)Idlers basket(n)tokrl bear(v) childrentawalod k bat(n) sport danda animalschUcha kaahldan animal show parak-e charmiuse,di; to be borntawalod shodan beard (n) rIsh bath(n) publichamAm beat(v)to hitlat k bathe(v). tashnAb k to be beatenlat khordan bathing suit(n) mAyor beautiful(adj)maghbill bathroom(n) tashnAb gashang bathtub(n) jAn ahoy zIbA tap beauty(n) maghbUl, batteryM)betrl gasbagi bAlti because(conj)az khAter-e ke

16 13 14

beckon(v) eshAra k belief(n) Aldo: ° become(v) shodan believe(v), bAwar k ALI mEshom agida dAshtan hlj 0 j..ervre:t4 to turngashtan etemAd k/ dAshtan 041 mEgardom bell(n) zang bed(n) woodtakht-e khaw belong(v) taloq dAshtan iJj ,ohArpAyI bellows(n)pOlak ironchaparkat paka bed bug(n)!thank :dam-e Ahangarl J bedding(n) began belly(n) shekam bedroom(n) otAci-e !claw beloved(adj) mahbUb becIspread(n) ri hash below(prep)zEr-e bee(n) zanbUr belt(n)kamarband honey zanbUr-etasal bend(n) elbow zAnukham bumblegaw zanbUr (v) kaj k/shodan beef(n)gOsht-e gain beneath(prep) zEr-e beer(n)blr bane! 1(n) fAyda aw-e jaw nal beet(n)lablalU mat Ad beetle(n) ciAnghozak benevaent(adj)khoshdel before(adv) pEsh az sakhl earlierpEshtar bent(adj) ha] beg(v) gadayl k ber.ry(n) mulberry tUt pleadozor k strawberrytUt-e zombi beggar(n)gadA beside(prep)pah IU ye begin(v) sharp k/shodan besides(edv) in additionbaralAwa beginning(n) shor0 best(adj)khUbtarin behind(prep) posht-e ear bEtarin 4 belch(v)Aroq zaden betray(v)shaytAnl k Ii 15 16

betroth(v)nAmzad shodan/k bit(n) small piecetota bite(v)chak zadan better(adj)khtlbtar bitter(adj)tallth bEtar black(adj) siyAh between(prep) mAbi,y1 blackbird(n)gara gosh beverage(n) noshidara blackboard(n)takht-e slyAh beware(v) azar k blacksmith(n)Ahangar - Abl beyond(prep) pEsh blame(n)malAmatl bib(n) lergrah (v) malAmat k Bible(n) enjil to be blamed; at fault., malAmat blidan ketab-e mogad r--1 bicep(n) mAhecha blanket(n)kampal bicycle(n)bAysekel blaspheme(v) kofor goftan bier(n) tAbUt bleed(v)hi% raftan big(adj) kalAn bless(v)barakat k very big, giant bozorg blessing(n)barakat katA blight(n) Mat bill(n) money nOt blind(adj) kOr bel partiallykambin for goodsbet block(n) brickkhesht bind(V)basta k tI)obstructband k binder(n) for paper gin blood (n) kith binoeulars(n) dUrbln bloom(v) gel k btograpby(n) sawAneh blossom(n) shogUfa bird(n)parenda. blotter(n)jAzeb birth(n) tawalod blouse(n)bAlAtana birthday(n) rQz-e t walod blow(v)pof k birthmark(n) laka, blue(adj) AbI blscult(n)beskOt AsmAni bison(n) gOra khar bluff(adj)tort,ly

21) 17 18

blunt(adj) dull kond boot(n) rubbermOza frankpostkanda leatherbUt.e sAcylAr tort booth(n) ghorfa blush(v) sorkh shodan border(n)sarhad -with embarrassment khejAlat kashidan bore(v),_.. -a hole sorAkh k borediadj)khasta board(ii) takhta chOb boredom(n)khastagl boast(v) lAf zadan boring(adj)khastakon boat(n) keshtl borrow(v) ciarz geref tan/k J14 awgot 'j body(n) jAn boss(n) Amer bog(n) dandaw hrt both(pron, adj)ardU khandaq bother(v)dardesar dAdan 0J boil(n) medical dAna bottle(n) bOtal bokhar bottom(n)zEr (v) jOsh kidAdan 0JI pAyAn LL to be boiledjOsh Ithordan bouel(n) shAkh bold(adj) delA war 4 boulder(n)aakhra bolt(n)pEch rr-1 boulevard(n) jAda. 0 bomb(n) barn bounce(v)khez zadan (v) bambard k bouquet(n)dasta gol bambardomAn k bow(n) weappn kamAn L-1_ bond(n) zamAnatichat and arrowUr o kamAn bone(n) ostokhAn (v) tahzim k book(n) ketAb yizS bowl(n)kAsa bookcase(n) anwArI box(n) sandoq bookpress(n) mAsh1n.e paresLir; bake small boxgot' bookstore(n)ketAb foroshi (v) sportboks k ketAb khAna LL, S boy(n) bacha 19 20

bra(n) wAskat ijj bribe(n) reshwat dna band (v)reshwat dAdan bracelet(n) ohori to be bribed reshwat khordan alqa-e dast

kara brick(n)khesht brag(v) lAf zadan bride(n)arUs 01-4 brain(n)maghz, bridegroom(n) dAinAd A-41J brake(n) brEk bridge(n)poi Lft bramble(n) bota-e khAr brief(adj)mokhtasar branch(n) shAkh brlefcase(n)baks-e dastl L twigshAkhcha brigAt(af1j) rOahan brass(n)heron) bring(v) Awardan (ad)) berenjl mEyarom brave(adj)delAwar A brisk(adj) zUd eh* jalt bray(v)hang zadan LL brittle(adj) ahekanenda bread(n) nAn broken(adj) shekasta kAn-e khoshk .L4 kharAb break(vi) shekestan brooch(n)gol-e dna meshkena broom(n) JArti (vt) shekestiindan brotherMberAdar me.shkenAnom brother-in-law(n)khosor bora mayda k brow(n) peshAnI breakable(adj) abekestanl brown(adj) naswArl breakfast(n) chAy sOb brown sugar(n) gor breast(n) atria braise(n) dAgn breathe(v) tanatlis k (v) dAgh k breed(v) naselgiri k brush(n)bore breeze(n) shanalak bubble(n) gal bAd-e Milkyet bucket(n) satl dOla 21 22

buckle(n) beltgal-e kaniarbandJ:: bury(v) dab k or k bud(n) pondok bus(n) sarwEs bug(n) basha.ra bush (n) beta. build(v) Bata business(n) workkAr mEsAzom busy(adj)masrUf building(n) tank masheaUl bulb(n) electric gor[lp but(conj) lAken bull(n) nargaw arnA bullet(n) go101a butcher(n) gasAb gOla butter(n) masks. bunch(n) dasta butterfly(n) parwAna bundle(n) bandal moth shawparak burden(n) bA r buttennilk(n) dogh bureau(n) dresser anwArf button(n) toktna burgitu4(n) doz buttonhole(n) kAj burial(n) dafn buy(v) kharldan burlap(n) tAr-c sardOz mEkharom burn(n) sokhtagl buzzard(n)kalniorgh (vi) sokhtan by(prep) near byatrAf mEsozom nezdlk (vt) sokhtAndan mEsozAnom burner(n) mancial burnt(adj) sokhta burp(v) Arog zadan cabbage(n) ka ram burst(v) targIdan gol-e karam natargom cabinet(n) for storage anwArl kaffdan politicalkAblna mEkafom cable(n) wiredm 23 24

cactus(n) zaqom canvas(n) nakh cage(n) qafas karbAs cake(n) kEk cap(n) kolA calamity(n) balA capable(adj) lAyeq Mat capital(a) politicalpAytakht calciurn(n) kalsiyom goods sarmAya calculate(v) hesAb k dArAyl calendar(n) jantarr capitalism(n) sarAyadArI calisthenics(a) edmAn capitalist(adj)sarmAyadAr calf(n) gOsAla. capitive(n) aslr calfskin(n)post-e gOsAla destglr call(v) to hail sadA k capture(v) destgir k telephonetelefOn aslr k calm(Aj) ArAm car(n)tutu camel a) shotor caravan(n) qAfela camera(n) kAmra kArwAn camp(n) kamp carbon paper(n)kArbon pEper (v) kamp zadan Jj Ti can(v) tAnestan card(n) greetingkart mEtAnom cardamon(n)hEl (n) container. gotl cardboard(n) (tata canal(n) kAnAl LLS cards(n)qeta cancel(v)bAtel k game qeta bAzI candle(n) sham care(n) etlyAt candleholdertn) sham dAn1 ca.reful(adj)bAetlyAt candlestick(n) sham dAni (v) to beetlyAt k candy(n) sherd careless(adj) bE etlyAt cane(n) :sA chOb L carnation(n) mEkhak cannon(n) tOp carom (n)karambOl 25 26

carpenter(n)najAr cause(n)sabab carpet(n) qAlln elat carrot(b) zardak bAhes carry(v) bordan caution(n) etlyAt mEbarom cautious(adj) etlyAt kAr cart(n) horse-puiled gAdi cave(n)ghAr man-pulledkarAchI cease(v)ba.s kishodan cartridge(n) kArtUs cedar(n) sarw carve(v)naqsh k ceiling(n) chat case(n) container pOsh celebrate(v)jashn gereftan instancemawzo

cash(n)nakht celebration(n)jashn (v)a checkpaysa k/sAkhtan cell(n) jailkota room for prayerliojra. casket(n) tAbUt biology oda castle(n)qasr cellar(n) zEr khAna castor oil(n)jelAb robA khAna castrate(v)khasl k cement(n) Bement

castrated(adj) bElthAya (v) cement k catastrophe(n) balA cenietery(n) qabrestAn bad bakhtl adlra cat(n)peshak center(n) rnarkaz catch(v)gereftan centimeter(n)sAntimeter mEglrom sAntl capturegir k centipede(n) chelpAy to catch a balqap k central(adj) markazl

Jcat tall(n) lokh century(n) gam cattle(n)mawAshi cereal(n) ghala cauliflower(n)golpi ceremony(n)marAsern rr

31 27 28

certain(adj) motayaqin chase(v) donbAl &Otte atml cr....:_. gorekhtAndan certainly(adv)yaqinan 'Ll---:--1-- mEgoreAnom certificate(n)tasdrenAmai.---1--:J---_-,---0: cheap(adj)arzAn t:3J1.1 /JIS certify(v)tasdiq kidAdan cheat(v) copy -flatlet k deal unfairly bAzi dAdan cesspooltn)chAh-e badraft check(n) chek chaderi(n) chAderl (v) chek k chain(n) zeal* checkers(n) bwAzda bozo chair(n) chawkl cheek(n) rokhsAr chalk(n) tabAshlr cheer(v)BoshAll k challenge(n) mobArEza cheerful(adj) khosh RiObArEza k cheese(n)panEr chameleon(n) sheiend chemical(adj)kern -AV chalpAsa chemistrgi)kemiyA champion(n) qaramAn cherry(n) sweetgElAs chance(n) &An sour alUbAlL1 change(n) tabdfl chess(n) satranj alteration taghir chest(n) of body stria money poi -e slyAh large box sandoq (v) tabdil k/shodm chew(v) jawldan inEjaworn channel(n) Abna LI chewing prn(n) sAjeq chapan(n) chapan chicken(n) morel character(n) khUsoslyat chicken pox(n) sorkhakAn characteristic(n)moshakhas chick pea(n)shOr nakhot charcoal(n) zoghAl chief(n) headAmer charity(n) khayrAt (adj) mainmohem chasa(n) donbAl child(n) awlAd tahatilb oshtok 29

child(n) khordsAl city(n) shahr tefel city hall(n)baladlya childish(adj) tefelAna civilian(n)molkl ehildishly(adv) tefelAna civilization(n) tamadon chimney(n) dtldkash civilized(adj)motamaden dl draw clap(v) etak ehak k chin(n) zenakh clarification(n) tawzlh chisel(n)eskana clarify(v)taw& k chocolate(n) ehAldet wAzEh sAkhtan cholee(n) entekhAo clasp(n) for paper Ira choke(v) khafak k class(n) senf cholera(n) kOlarA classroom(n)dors khAna choose(v) entekhAb k senf chop(v) teka k claw(n) changAl mayda k clay(n gel Christ(n)azrat-e esA clean(adj) pAk Christian(n, adj)Iaawl sutra: church(n) kalleA (v) pAk k cider(n) aw-e sEb clear(adj) wAzEh alcoholicsharAb-e sEb sAf clerk(n) kAteb cinnamon(n)dAlchtni mAmfir cinder(n) khAkestar merzA oirele(n) dAyra clever(adj) tEz circular(adj) dAyrawl chAlAk circumcise(v) stinat k chAbok circumcision(n) stInatI 'zirak circus(n)micas cliff(n) tEgha. cistern(n) maghzan climate(n) Ab 0 a.wA citizen(n) mailm elLmb(v) bAlA shodan 31 32

clock(n) sAt cobra(n)mAr-e ka.pcha clod(n) earthkolokh cock(n) khorAs close(adj)nezdlk cockroach(n)mAdar-e kayk (v) basta k/ shodan cock's comb(n) tAj-e khorAs cocky(adj) kAka -offband k/shodan coconut(n) nAryAl closed(adj) basta shIrkhesht closet(n) anwArl coffee(n) qahwa cloth(n) materialteka coffin(n) tAblit piece of cloth BALI coln(n) pole slyAh epl) clothes(n) lebAs paysa kA1A cold(n) sardl nicht khanok clothing(n) lebAs (adj) sard

kAl A (n) common-rEzesh rakht collar(n)chapa gardan cloud(n) aber college(n) fAkolta. cloudy(adj) aberAltid color(n) rang clover(n)shaftal (adj) as in film, chalk cloves(n) rakhak rangA clown(n) mazAqi colt(n)kore asp club(n) weapon dAng column(n) satin groupkolUp coma(n) kOrd clue(n) neshAnl comb(n) shAna clumsy(adj) pakhpalO (v) shAna k coach(n) rnalem-e seport corne(v) Amadan coal(n) sang-e zoghAl mEAyom coaten) sportcoatkartl comet(n) setAra-e domdAr overcoat bAlApOsh coathanger(n) kotband comfort(n) rAhat ArAmI 33 34

comfortable(adj) ArArn (1)1 complete(v) tamAm k mostaray C7-1"1 khalAs k command(n) amr )*1 mokarnal k .1,41 (v) amr k (ad)) pora (n) decreefarmAn mokamal (v) fLrmAn k/dAdan0J1J / 04 0,,,..rj completely(adv)belkol commence(v) short) k 04.17-CtIr:i kAmellan commend(v) tarlf k JrSL4tri.4 complex(adj) moghlaq comment(n) ezhar-e nazar jl-rQ;1 pEchlda (v) ethar-e nazar kjij )LL.11 complicated(adj) moghlaq commerce(n)tejArat pEchlda commercial(adj)teJArati Lroi compliment(n)tarlf common(ad))Adl L5 sefat mutualmoshtarak (v) tarff k common sense(n)aql-e sallm JJ sefat k communicate(v)mokhAbera k compound(n) yard awli communication(n) mokhAbe-rAt conceal(v)pot k compact(n) cosmeticsgoti-e pOdar ji)); 14-5 concern(n) worrytashwish am companion (n) raflq (v) tashwlsh kidAshianijAft,-- company(b) firmsherkat

compare(v) moqayesa k relate toertebAt dAshtan compartment(n) for storagekhAn-e mEz concerning(prep)rAje ha concert(n)kAnsart compass n) directional cloth namA conclude(v) estenbAt k to measure circlesdAyra kash conclusion(n) estenbAt compete(v)mosAbeqa k k.jj concur(v) (DMA k complain(v) shekAyat k 0.) LLI mowAfeqa k complainer(n) shAkl tad% k complaint(n) shekAyat condemn(v) inakUm k 35 36

condiments(n) sAlan constantly(adv)dAeman condition(n)hAlat constipated(adj)qabz con*makhrUt construct(v) sAlchtan confer(v)mozAkera kfdAdan mEsAzorn consulate(n)qonsol garl conference(n)kAnfarAns contagloue(adj) sArI confess(v)eqrAr k contain(v) dArA bUdan EtarAf k contaminate(v) AlUda shodan confession(n) eqrAr chatal k/shodan EtarAf contempt(n) egArat confide(v) rAz goftan contemptuous(adj) aqlr confirm(v) tasdlq k 0-1 content(adj) rAzi confuse(v)moshawash k/shodan qAne content(n)bar-e azani confused(v) moshawash qAra congratulate(v) tabrlk goftan contlnual(adj) dawAmdAr congratulations(n) tabrlk contlnually(adv) dAeman connect(v) yak jAy k eontlnue(v) dawAm dAdan conquer(v) fatah k EdAma d Adan

conscience(n) wejdAn continuously(adv) dawAmdAr conscientious(adj) radio. bE entehA conseious(adl)bA Ush contract(n) qarArdAd censer* mowAfeqa (v) qarArdAd k (v) qabUi k contradict(v) rad k consequence(n) natlja control(v) taftish k consequently(adv) dar nattja control k 444 consider(v) dar nazar dAshtan gereftan .11; convenient(adj)wAradAr / conversatton(n)sobat A consist(v) shAniel bUdan ekhtolAt constant(adj) dAeml 37 38

converse(v) sobat k cotton(n) cloth An ekhtelAt k cotton seed(n)pomba dAna cook(n) Ashpaz couch (n) kawch (v) pokhta k cough(n) solfa cooked(n) pokhta (v) solfa. k cookie(n) kolcha: count(v)hesAb k cool(adj) Bard country(n)mamlakat cooperate(v) amkArl k watan cooperatlie(adj) amkAr keshwar cooperation(n) amkArl countryman(n) watandAr copper(n)mos courage(n)delAwarl (adj) most courageous(adj)delAwar copy(v) nagel k course(n) schoolkora (n) nagel routerAh coral(n)marjAn-e bahrl court(n)makama core(n) haata. courteous(adj) bA adab corn(n)jawArl bAnezAkat corner(n) konj courtesy(n)nezAkat cork(n)kAk adab corpse(n)morda cousin(n) male offspring, paternal side lash awdurzAda. 0 Jlip) correct(adj) sahDi bacha-e kAkA LACL5 drost female offspring, paternal side (v) eslAh k dOkhtar-e kAkA U1,1;L-;J corrupt(v) tabA k/shodan male offspring, maternal side mAmA khEl corruption(n) tabAhl female offspring, maternal side cost(n)gImat dOldltar-e mAmA costly(adj) goal cover(n) sarpOsh cotton(n) rawpakhta pOsh 39 40

cover(v)pOsh k criminal(n) gonAh kAr covering(n), for floorfarsh Lir-4 mojrem cow(n) gaw LS orinoline(n) dAka coward(n)bozdel JJf crippled(adj) partiallylang tarsu completelyshot crab(n)kharchang crisis(n):bobrAn ljz crack(n)darz ir3 ii' critical(adj)bohrAni shag is criticism(h) enteqAd craftsman(n)Mall& criticize(v) enteqAd k 0%1rsSLi.;Lj crafty(adj) chAlAk tangd k crane(n) birdkOlang crocodile(n)sOsmAr machine jam satin t1-4-4 crooked(ad))kaj orash(v) takar k Sr crop(n) ghats. crawl(v) chArghawak k0. harvestlawman crayon(n) rang-e rOghani cross(v)for shodan rt; crazVadj) dEwAna ri cross eyed(adj)filch majnit crossroads(n) intersectionchAr rAhl cream(n) qayinAq krorn crouch(v)kop kop k rr create(v)khalq k crow(n) zAgh creature(n) makhlUq Jr" crowd(n)jamlyat credit(n)kredet crown(n)tAj ore(n) Opal cruel (ad)) zAlem creep(t)khazldan cruelty(n) zolm mEkhazom jaber oretin(n) 0 Jr,i lawda. crumb(n)rezgl cricket(n)chercherak r-; crush(v) pecheq k . crime(n)form crutch(n)ch0b-e zer-e ba sin gonAh cry(v) tears geryAn k to cry outthigh zadan 41 42

cube(n) mokahab cypress(n)sarwa cucumber(n) bAdrang cuff(n) pantsqAt-e pAcha cultivate(v)kesht k D munin(n) zira cunning(adj)chAlAk daffodil(n) na.rges-e zard makArL dagger(n)qama cup(n) pyAla dally(adv) ar rOz cupboard(n) anwAri rOzAna. cure(v) shefA dAdan dam(n) band-c aw sehat k 0 damage(n)nags' curious(adj) konjkiw khesAra curiousity(n) konjkAwI (v) IthesAra dAdan curl(n)pEch pEch (n) destructionkharAbl curtain(n) panda (v) to destroywayrAn k curve(n)kamAn damned(adj)khodA zada cushion(n) poshtl damp(adj) martilb bAlesht dampness(n) nom long, for sittingtOshak dance(n) rags custom(n) rasm o rawaj national dance titan custorns(n) and immigration (v) raqsidan gomrok mEraqsom cut(v)Wirth!' rags k mEblirom danger()khatar with scissors qayclil k d angerous(adj) khatarnAk cute(adj) qandol dare(v) jorat k cycle(n)dawra dark(adj) tArTic U omr darkness(n)tArlici cylinder(n) ostwAna tiragi pipenal 43 44

date(n) daytArilth deep(adj) chogor fruit Id lomA profound arak daughter(n) dOlditar deer(n) AhU dam(n) saber deer fly(n)magasak-e asp sunriseaftaw bar/mad defeat(v)shekast dAdan day(n) rOz defend(v)defA k dead(adj)mortla deflnite(adj) atml deaf(adj) kar clearwAzEh death(n) wafAt aurayaqin debate(n)mobAhesa defonned(adj) aybl (v) mobAhesa defy(v)ba rUy kas eatAd shock L-1.1 (TS debt(n) garz

decay(v) to rotganda shcdan degree(n)daraja deceitful(adj) molar delay(v)dEr k deceive(v) freb dAdan tAl Ithonlan decent(adj) khUb mat' k 011'5 J'" decide(v) tasinlni gore! an delicate(adj) zarli faysala k/shodan lath decirnal(n) ashArlya delicicus(adj)mazadAr iljoa'ra decimeter(n) a diameter deliver(v) town dAdan oi 1J 61-04a..; decision(n) tasmum bordtm faysala mEbarom "A declaration(n) ezhAr -a babywelAdat k C.A declare(v) ezhAr k delude(v) gomrA k ElAn k demand(n) tagAzA U decorate(v) zinat dAdan (v) tagAzA k decree(n) farmAn demonstrate(v)neshan dAdan (v) fannAn dAdan neniAyesh dAdan deduce(v)estenbAt k politicalmozAhera k rJOrA deductionp estenbAt demonstration(n) nemAyesh 45 46

demonstration(n) political mozAhera. IA destruction(n)kharAbi wayrAni k denial(n) enkAr LL...;1 determination(n) azrn denim(n) nab develop(v) taragI k deny(v) enkAr k pEshraft k depot(n)dip() r"-ItJ developed(adj)pEshrafta depressed(adj) deg JJ development(n) pEshraft descend(v) pAyAn shodan enkeshAil describe(v) tashrlh k/shodatx)- / 0-1.1Scr devil(n) shaytAn dew(n) shabnam description(n) tashrlh diabetes(n)maraz-e shaker desert(n). plain dasht diameter(n)gotr regestan diamond(n) almAs sahrA diarrhea(n)iY sick with eshAl desipqn) dizAyn shekamraw namUna diary(n) yAd dAsht.e rOzAna. (v) namUna sAkhtan tara k dice(n) chaka pAw desire(n)Arzo dictionary(n)ketAb-e loghat (v) Arzo k die(v) mordan desk(n) -mEz-e daftar mEmorom despair(n) nA omayd fawt k (v) nA omayd shodan az donyA raftan despise(v) hark diet(n)parEz dessert(n)aherni difference(n)fug destlny(n) *bat ekhtelAf gesm at dtfferent(adj)mokhtalef destroy(v)kharAb k difficult(adj)moshkol wayrAn k way difficultaakht 47 48

diffloulty(n)moahkel dirty(adj)data! prAblam cherk dig(v)kandan disagree(v) rad k r-h mEkanom qab111 nakardan digest(r) azm kishodan disagreeable(adj)nAmataIN JLL dignIfied(adj)motabar disappear(v)gom ahodan abrUmand disappoint(v) mayLls k .shodan lJ dignity(n) shAn O'L ja1A1 L)IP to benAomayd shodan/blidan diligent(adj)kosheshi

shebet disapprove(v)pesand nakadan dim(adj) tArrk disaster(n)balA dining room(n) otAq-e nAn .L;6)1 bad Nichtl dinner(n)nAn-e shaw diseipline(n)enzebAt dip(v) chlJka k (v) enzebAt k/ dAahtan j7.2-1-1 diploma(n)shahAdat nAma

diplUm j J discontent(n)nArAzi dipper(n) ivrgardAn 01JJIL:1 dlscourage(v)delsard k malAcia 4-4Li discover(v) kaahf k chamcha discovery(n)kashf diptheria(n)defter! jrJ disouss(v)mobAhesa k direct(v) to Fade rAh na mA y! k as k discussion(n)mobAhesa (adj) mostagim bas direction(n) orb taraf disease(n) mara:z vOr' 811 inarizi directly(adv)mostaglmam disgrace(n)khejAlat directory(n) rAhnamA disgraced(adj) bE Ab dirt(n) khAk disguise(v) tagbir geyAfa k/-dAdan 4-.JUji filthehatal! LLk /

LI 49 50

dish(n) boshqAb disturb(v) azlyat k collectivezarf ditch(n) JUT dishonest(adj) khAyen dive(v) ghota. zadan dishonor(v) bE eterAmik khod-a andakhtan dislike(v) nefrat dAshtan divide(v) taqsim k disloyal(adj) bEwafA (.) divine(adj) AsmAni dismiss(v) to firebartaraf k division(n)tag& release yelA k I divorce(v) talAq k/dAdan disobey(v) sheq k

sarplchl k dizziness(n)gals' C disorder(n) gatwati Li dizzy(adj) ganks display(n) nemAyesh gieh (v) nemAyesh dAdan do(v) kadan dispute(n) mAjarA Ht mEononi jedAl to put into prat disrespect(v) bE eterAnil k rSLA anal k bE hormatt k doctor(n)dAktar disrespectful(adj) bE eterAm dog(n) sag bE hormat doll(n) godl dissolve(v)hal k domestic(adj) khAnagl rnonhal k donkey(n)khar liquid aw shodan door(n)darwAza distance(n) inasAfa dormitory(n)laylya distance(adj) dUr j dose(n)khorak-e da.wA distribute(v) tag& k dot(n) noqta distribution(n) tag& double(adj) dUchand district(n) arearnantaqa dabal politicalnAhlya doubt(v) shak dAshtan ulna (n) shak distinct(adj) wAzEh dough(v) khamlr

4 51 52

dove(n) qomrl LJ drill(n) exercise tarnrin moslcha rr drink(v) khOrdan down(prep) on downward direction mEkhOrom pAyAn LL n@shldan doze(v) pink! rattan mEnOshom dozen(n) darjan C-rkJJ drip(n)chakak LL drag(v) hash k DJJ'SLI'S (v) chakak k dragon(n) ashdAr )" J)1A drive(v) chalAndan dragonfly(n) bambrrak jr-t-r-L-1 mEchalAnom draln(n) awraw driver(n)motarwAn drarna(n)derAm I j drop(n) of liquidqatra a draw(v) a picturerasm kikashidano 1i (v) to fall aiticlan I mEftom water aw kashldan taltidan drawer(n) 0°--t" khAn-e mEz mEtaltom rawak-e mEz drought(n) khoshksAlI LJLL Crawing(n) rasm drown(v)gbani shodan k Jr; dread(n) tars drowsy(adj) IthAwAlUd Jc17._;. (v) tarsldan drug(n) dawA j mEtarsom drum(n)tabla dreadful(adj) taranAk drunk(adj)nesha dream(v) kb a.w Man drunkard(n) nesha dress(n)dereshi dry(adj) khoshk (v) pOshician duck(n) mort awl Lrq mEpOshom dull(adj) not sharp kond (A) to dresssomeone else boring khastakon pOshAndan. u dumb(adj) deaf and dumbgonga mEpOshAnom dung(n) feces go drill(n) toolbarma fertilizerpArU (v) balm k dusk(n) shAm sorAkh k 53 54

dust(n) khAk easy(adj) AsAn (v) sAti k eat(v) khOrdan dusty(adj) L khAkpor rnEkhorom dysentery(adj) sick with pEch echo(n) enekAs LrLL (v) enekAs k L LI economic (adj) egtesAd jLjI E economics(n) egtesAd I economical(adj) ecitesAdi each(pron) ar yak economy(n) ecitesAd JL ar kcain edge(n) kenAr LS eagle(n) ociAb lab kr-1 jayra edit(v) ta.s1 k ear(n) gOsh educate(v) tab dAdan ear ache(n) gOshdard e_ducatod(adj) tarn yAfta early(adj, adv) wakht education(n)tales o tarblya earn(v) kamA-I k LJ effect(n) tAdr earnest(adj) Jed asar earring(n) gOshwAra (v) tAsir k earth(n) globe donyA asar k zamin effort(n)koshesh dirt khAk egg(n) tokInn earthquake(n) zelzela eggplant(n) bAnjAn-e alyAh tremor larzesh UJJf eight(n,adj) asht takAn LS eighteen(n, adj) ajdah earthworm(n) kerm-e man eigjity(n, adj) ashtAd easily(adv) ba AsAni Li either(adj)da I ya da. u east(n) sharq mashreq elastic(n) bandMbar band eastern(adj) shargi (adj) ertejAh mashreqr elbow(n) body Aronj bend zAntikham 55 56

eiderly(adj) pir emphasis(n) tAkid sAlkhorda emphasize(v) tAkld k mosen employ(v) to give a job elect(v) entekhAb k estekhdam k I national elections entekhAbAt-e milli to use kAr gereftan electric(adj) barql electrician(n) barql empty(adj) khAlI electricity(n) barq emulet(n) tAwlz elephant(n) fIl encourage(v) tashwlq k elevator(n) left encouragement (n) tashwlq eleven(n) yAz dah end (n) Akher eliminate(v) azf k pAyAn ekhtesAr k khalAsI az bayn bordan (v) khalAs shodan ellipse(n) bayzawl (vt)khalAs k elk(n) gawazan endure(v) owsela k else degar enduring(adj) dawAmdAr elsewhere(adv) da yak JAy dega enemy(n) doshman L5jtJj energetie(adj) chAbok embrace (n) baghal kashl LI4S' chAlAk energy(n) enerjl (v) baghal kashI koJi u4S engaged(adj) nAmzAd (v) to become engaged embarass(v) to be nAmzAd shodan khejAlat kashldan/dAdan engagement party(n) dastopAcha shodan C.J shernl khOrl engine(n) mAshln embassy(n) sefArat engineer(n) enjenyir embroidery(n) khAmak dozI enjoy(v) to pass the time emerald(n) zamarot sAterI k 0 emergency(a) Ajel awAkhorl k OJ emperor(n) shahan shAhI enormous(adj) bozorg amprAtorl excellent fawciolAda dJLJLJ 57 58 error(n) ghalatl enough(adj) bas eruption(n) Atesh feshAn kAfI escape(v) gorekhtan (v) to be bas k mEgrosom keflyAt k

enroll(v) shAmel k/shodan farAr k o.) gorEz k enter(v) dar Amadan escapee(n) gorEzl especially(adv) makhasan dAkhel shodan essential(adj) zarUr entertain(v) sar garm k establish(v) tAhsls k entertainment(n) sar garml enthusiasm(n) zawq estimate(n) takhmIn shawl (v) takhmIn k enthusiastic(adj) alAqamand 4.1414 eternal(adj) jAwed entire(adj) tanrn even(adj) equal masAwI entire night tamAm-e shaw including atA evening(n) shaw entrance(n) dar'Aza dusk shAm dAn event(n) historical rtlIdAd envelope(n) pAkat every(adj) ar envious(adj) hasUd everybody(n) arkas envy(v) hasUd bUdan everyday(adv) ar rOz hasUd khOrdan everynight(adv) ar shaw epidemic(n) sAri everything(n) ar chlz epilepsy(n) mergl everywhere(adv) ar jAy equal(adj) barAbar evidence(n) neshAnl equator(n) khat-e ostowA for crime shawAhed ii

equipment(n) sAmAn evident(adj) mAlUm 0-L esbAb obvious mAlUmdAr era(n) zamAn erase(v) golk evil(adj) bad pAk k evolution (n) takAmol-e tadrlii2D4 eraser(n) pencil pensel pAk

exact(adj) correct sahlh blackboardtakhta pAk drost errand(n) kAr not more, not lesspora 4.1k 59 60

exactly(adv) pora existence(n) vojUd exaggerate(v) mobAlegha k exit(n) khArej examination(n) test emtehAn (v) bar Amadan expeuse(n) masraf medicalmAyna expensive(adj) qImat examine(v) medical mAyna k experience(n) tajroba examining room(n) mAyna khAna (v) tajroba k/dAshtan example(n) mesAl specimen namUna experienced(adj) bAtajroba for example mesalan inexperienced bEtajroba excellent(adj) besyAr khUb All experiment(n) emtehAnI except(prep) ghayr expert(n) motakhses bEen explain(v) tashrlh k/dAdanojIJ exercise(n) sport atmAn school tamrIn explanation(n) tashrlh (v) atmAn k explode(v) enfejAr k enflAq k excuse(v) bakhshIdan explore(v) kashf k mEbakhshom explosion(n) enfejAr to pardon afwa k/khAst export(n) sAder excuse mebObakhshEn (v) sAder k exchange(v) tabdil k expose(v) AshkAr k execute(v) to perform ejrA k express(v) eshAr k to kill edAm k expression(n) words estelAh execution(n) performance ejrA extend(v) tamdId k extensive(adj) waslh killing edAm exterior(n) khArej exhibit(n) nemAyesh extinguish(v) khamosh k nendArtUn gol k (v) nemAyesh dAdan extra(adj) ezAfa exhibition(n) nemAyesh extravagant(adj) khAreplAda tazAhor eye(n) cheshm exist(v) wojUd dAshtan eye ache(n) cheshm dard 61 62

eyebrow(n) AbrU family(n) fAmIl eyeglasses(n) aynak famine(n) qatI eyelash(n) medja famous(adj) mathUr eyelid(n) pelk fan(n) paka far(adj) dUr F far from dUr az fare(n) kerA fable(n) afsAna fabric(n) teka d'L

face(n) rUI La) also applies to the faceor front of any object facing(prep) pEsh rU-e moqAbel-e fact(n) aqIqat faculty(n) college factory(n) fAbrlka fail(v) a test nAkam shodan/mA9dan rD1.; at a tasknatAnestan namEtAnom 1- faint(v) zOf k 0J (adj) weak zaIf fair(adj) just bAensAf monAseb faith(n) acacia .c1 faithful(adj) bAwafA religious bAkhoda L1A falcon(n) bAz fall(n) seasonkhazAn (v) aftIdan mEftom fame (n) shorat rIj IU. t;-44.1 familiar(adj) AshnA in a place balat JJ 63 64

farm(n)mazrefa favorite(adj)mahlgh kesht zAr fear(n)tars (v) kesht k N) tarsidan farmer(n) deqAn mEtarsom fart(v)goz zadan feast(n) dahwat fashion(n)fEshan mEmAni fashionable(adj) menshlk feather(n)par women Mahan.' feces(n) g0 fast(adj, adv) zUd fee(n) fis tEz feeble(adj) nAtawAn (n) not to eat rOza feed(v) animals dAna dAdan (v) rOza dAshtanigereftan feel(v)beak feeling(n)hes fasten (v) makam k feet(n) pAya basta k felt(n)namad fat(n) cooking han felt tip pen(n)cialam-e tush muttonr n-e zard female(n) human UnAs sheeptall rOghan-e domba. fence(n) katAra, ferry(n) boatkeahte (ad)) fattyfarbe fertilizer(n) anbAr large chAgh animalpArti fate(n) gesmat chemicalkOdi kemyAwl nasib

sarnewesht festival(n)jashn father(n)padar mEla, AghA religious Id fatigue (n)mAndagl fever(n) taw fatigued(adj) mAnda few(adj) kam faucet(n) shIrdAn fiction(n) dAstAn fault(n)nags field(n) grass champ!) blame gonAh maydAn 66

field(n) sportsmaydAn-e seport finished(adj) khalAs fire(n) Atesh fierce(adj)darenda dar )k) fifteen(n, pAnzdah ojL (v) to make a fileder dAdan jJIJJ fifty(n)penjAh 0 -from a jobbartaraf k fig(n) anjir fireplace(n) ojAgh fight(n) Jung firm(adj)sakht mAjarA makarn (v) jang k () businesssherkat jangldan ftret(adj) awal -mEjaugom awalin filament(n)tAr firey(adj)Ateshin file(n) for papers doslya fist(n)mosht tool swAn fit(v) barAbar k/bUdan (v) swAn k fill(v)por kishoclan L jor balm film(n) felm fish(n) mAhI filth(n)cherk (v) mAhI gereftan data five(n, adj) panj filthy(adj) chatal fix(v) jor k final(adj) Akherin fixture(n) lightcherA finally(adv)bell flag(n) bayraq find(v) paydA k bannerparch= yAftan flame(n)Atesh inyAfom shOla fine('adj) khUb flannel(n)falalln (n) penaltyprima fiash(n) jam finger(n) angosht electricjaracia-e barq fingernail(n) nAkhlin flat(ad)hamwAr finish(v)khalAs k/shodan 0- awAr 67 68

flatter(v) chApalUAI k fold(n) qAt flatterer(n)chApalUs (v) qAt k flattery(n) ohApalUs1 folder(n) doslya, flatulent (adj) gOzOk follow(v) donbAl k flavor(n)maza tahaqlh k NO) zegher fond(adj) moslitAq Na(o) kayk khoshdAr flee(v) gorekhtan food(n) nAn mEgrozom general cuisinegheza farAr k fool(n) ahrnaq gorEz k foollsh(adj) Amu( flesh(n) jolt] jAhel 1E1044 amplog zadan foot(n) pAy fliglt(n)parwAz basepAya flood(n) 8El qAydA (v) jaryAn k footpath(n) payAda raw floor(n) zaxnln footstep(n)qadam storymanzel for(prep)bar-e flour(n) Ard forbid (v) mana k/sAlthtan flower(n) go!

Dowered (ad)) goldA r forbfdden(adj) mana flowerpot(n) goldAnl force(n) gout flutd(adj) awgIn (v) majbUr k/sAlchtan fr (n) rnAye flute(n) tUla forefInger(n)angosht-e shahAdat fly(n) magas

(v) ,parwAz k forehead(n)pEshAni flyswatter(n) magan kosh foreign(adj)khArejl fog(n) gtobAr bEgAna fogu(adj) ghobAr AlUd JJ foreigner(n)khAreji 69 70

forenoon(n) pEsh az chAsht fountain(n) fawAra foresee(v) pEsh k fountain pen(n) qalani-e khedrang pEsh bin bUdan forest(n)jangal four(ni adj) chAr foretell(v)pEshgol k fourteen(n, adj)chArdah forever(adv) amEsha fox(n) robA dAonian fraction(n) mathkaser forget(v) larAmosh k fragranee(n) sweetkhoshbUl az yAd rattan ater forgive(v) afwa frame(n) chawkAt afa k qAb fork(n) utensil panja. frank(adj)post kanda, in road dU rAh frantle(adj)wArkhata form(n) shakl dastopAcha

All (v) tashkri k OJT- fraud(n) tagalob formal(adj) rani uJ to cheattagalob k informalgliayr-rnil bad dAdan formed(adj) tashkfl fraudulent(adj) tagalobl fonner(adj)pEshtar free(adj) without pricemoft

VI fomerly(adv)pEshtar unrestrained AzAd fortress(n)gala idle bEkAr fortunate(adj)nekbakht (v) AzAd k

unfortunatebadbakht freedom (n) A zAdI forty(n, adj) chat freeze(v) pith zadan forward(adj)pEsh-e rUl frequently(adv) aksaran pEsh fresh(adj) tAza found(v) to establishtAsis k friday(n) jOma foundation(n) baseasAs friend(n) ratig tadAb dOst buildingtadAb friendly(adj) saralmi organization ma.sesa dOstAna

'4 71 72

friendship(n) dOstl J funnel(n) qIf refAciat knny(adj) joke orpersonkhandAwar frighten(v) tarsAndan

mEtarsAnom strangeajlb o gharlb frightened(adj) tarslda turn)post frog(n) baga furnishings(n) for housefarsh from(prep) az furniture(h)mobs' front(n) pEsh further(adb adv)dUrtar pEsh rUl fusein) electrickilt% frontier(n) salted fus(l)ghAlma6A1 k frost(n) yakh band' futlie(adj) bEfAyda. frost bite) yakh zadad future(n) Ayenda frostbittenladj)yakh zada a frown(v) pEshArd torshl k badkhoyl k Lre. G frowning(adj) pEshAni torah LYfIP% badkhoyl gag(v) oq zadan frozen(adj)yakh zada gain(n) profit fAyda frugal(adj) sakht galoshes(n)kalrwash frnit(n) ix& mEwa gamble(v) qemAr zadan dried rnEwa-e khoshk dye gambling(h) qemAr fry(v) beryAn k )J 06 game(n) bAzi frying pan(n) parl pAn 011LSIA garage(n)maar khAna fuel(n) mawAd-e salt J garach full(adj) personser garbage(n) ehatall container por garden(n) bAgh fun(n) sAtteri L gardener(n) bAghwAn (v) to have funsAtterl k L garlic(n)sir funeral(n) marAsem-e jenAza I garment(n)lebAs lahal 73 74

g'tern) womenband-e jorAb get up(v) from sleepaz khaw khEstan

menlashtek=e jorAb bEdAr shodan C,11-4;kr161 gaa(n) gAz (vt) khEstAndan Ox14-4J- gasolinepetrOl mEkbEzAnorn .1. gasoline(n)petrOl giddy(adJ)greh tEl gift(n) tOfa gate(n) darwAza bakhshlsh A ik gauge(n) daraja ginger(n) zanjafll gazelle(n) dashtl giraffe(n) zarAfa general(adj) omUm girl(n) dOkhtar generally(adv) omllman give(v) dAdan generous(adj)mEhrabAn mEtom sakhl a gifthakhshidan genius(n) nAbegha mEbakhshom gentle(adj) sharlf give birth(v)welAdat k genuine(adj) asel give up(v) taslim shodan geomet70)handasa: glad(adj) khosh geranium(n)Jerlban masrUr gesture(n) eshAra glance(n)nazar (v) ' eshAra kidAdan (v) nazar andAkittan glass(n) drinkinggElAs get(v) to acquire; to take paneshlsha gereftan globe(n)kera-e zairtin mEgirom glorify(v)Ezat dAdan to become shodan tam jld k mEshom glorious(adj) A shokoh get up(v) khEstan glory(n) shokoh mEldazom 0001) da.stkash bAlA shodan glue(n) smith 75 76

gnaw(v) jawldan graee(n) after meals prayer mEjawom doA-e ar-e dasterkhAn go(v) raftan

mErorn graceful(adj)bAtamkin 1:0m 4 goal(n) objective adaf gracious(adj) hospitablemEmAn nawAz sports g01 goat(n) boz. grade(n) qualityrota. go-between(n) miyAna raw school numbersnomra. God(n) khodA. classsenf allAh graduate(v)fArogh tahsil shodan gold(n) tEla. 28r grain(n) cerealghala (adj) tEIA-e wheatgandom goldfish(n) mAhi ranga granddaughter(n) nawABa. golf(n) galf grandfather(n)padar kalAn good(adj) khUb grandmother(n)niAdar kalAn in orderdrost good-bye bAmAn-e khodA grandson(n)nawAsa grape(n)angUr khodA hafez grapefruit(n)chakotara goods(n) mAl graperlue(n) tAk goose(n) qA z graph paper(n)Mgha,z-e geraf gorge(n) small space between mountains grass(n)alai tang kabal Gospels(n) onjtl sabza gossip(n) ghalbat grasshopper(n)malalth (v) ghalbat k uJ grateful(adj)motashaker government(n) hokomat grater(n) carrotzardak tarash dawlat

cheesepair tarash

S 77 78

grave(n) qabr grocery store(n) bagAll gravemarker(n) sang-e qabr sabzl foroshr gravel(n) sangchel ground(n) zamin jaghala ground meat(n)kofta gravestone(n) sang-e qabr gOsht-e mayda shoda graveyard(n) qabrestAn

gravity(n) qow-e jAzeba grow(v) humans kalAn shodan gray(adj) folAdI flowersnamU k grease(n) cookingr00an growth(n) namil maehine growl(n)Idler klor (v) cookingcharb k (v) Bor khor k re machinegrls dAdan guarantee(n) zamAnat greasy(adj)charb (v) zarnAnat k 0 great(adj) bozorg (n) letter of guarantee zamAnat khat physical greatnesskalAn green(adj) sabz garantl unripe khAm guess(n) ats green bean(n) fAsollya (v) ats zadan green house(n) gel khAna pest(n) mEmAn green onion(n) nosh-e IAA z guest house(n) mEmAn khAna greet(v) salAm dAdan guide(n) ranamA greeting(n) salArn (v) ranamAl k salAml guilt(n) gonAh grief (n) gharn guilty(adj) gonAhkAr ghosa, gun(n) tofang grieve(v) gham khOdan pistol tofangeha, grind(v) mayda k machine gunmashie dAr groan(v) nAla k gunpowder(n) bArtit J groceries(n) sawdA gutter(n) along streetjUl Lc uninasiwn(n).otAq-e report JV 79. 80

ii happy(adj) bosh khoshAl habit(n) Adat masrUr hall(n) jAla hard(adj) difficult tnoshkel halr(n) mIA sakht halrbrush(n)bors-e sar not softsakht half(n, ad j) aim hardship(n)sakhtl nesf harm(n) zarar half-hearted (adj)bE zawq (v) zarar rasAndan hammer(n) chakosh zarar mErasAnom (v) chakosh zadan harmful(adj)rnozer hand(n) dast kharAb kAr handbag(n)dast awl harmonica(n)baja handicap(n) mAnE harmonium(n) arrnoniya physical defectrnayUb harsh(adj) difficultsakht handtwork(n) sonet-e dastf rough textureddrosht handkerchlef(n)dastrnAl hashhish(n) chars handle(n) dasta hat(n)kolA dastgfr westernshapo handsome(adj) maghblil hate(n) thnafor gashang (v) tanafor k handy(adj)mofld nef rat dAshtan darn-e dast hatchet(n) tabarcha hang(v) clothes Awlzan k haughty(adj) motakaber executeghar ghara k magtrUr hanging(n) ghar ghara have(v)dAshtan happen(v) wAge shodan dAroni happening(n) etefAct he(pron) U wAgeha I happtness(n)khoshi head(n) sar meatkala S2

headache(n) J sardard helpful(adj mofld heal(v) C-A,L0 sehat k/dAdan helpiess(adj) bEchAra bE waslla to be healed sabot yAftan alj hen(n) mA_kyAn Ballot inEyA fora hepatitis(n) zardI health(n) sehat here(adv) Inja healthy(adj) sehatmand hereafter(adv) bad 3Z I jor hero(n)qahramAn hear(v)shoadan hesitate(v) dUdel bUdan mEshnawom tamol k heart(n) cialb hesitation(n)tarnol del hiccough(n) hekak heart attack(n) amle qalbl (v) hekak k/zadan heartless(adj) sang-del hide(v)pot k/shodan bE rahm high(adj) beland heat(n) garrnl on drugsnEsha (v) gain k bigh-sehool(n)less heathen(n) kAfer highway(n) shArA 41 dL bE dIn Jo.' Le hill(n)taps dah-rI hillock(n)tapagak heaven(n) janat hinge(n) ohaprAst heavy(adj) gerAng 11; hint(n) eshAra sangIn (v) eshAra rasAndan hedgehog(n) khArposhtak eshAra mErasAnom heel(n) kor-e pAy hire(v)moqarar k/shodan height(n)belandl hell(n)dozakh historical (adj) tArekhl helmet(o)kolA history(n) tArekh help(n) komak hit(v) zadan (v) komak k mEzanorn with fist rnosht zadan 83 84

hoard(v) pasAndAz k hope(n) omid eteklir k (v) °mid k/dAshtan hoarse(adj) sadA-e gerefta khashan hopeful(adj) ornldwAr hobby(n) kAr-e zawqi hopeless(adj) nawmid hold(v) negA k horn(n) animal shAkb mAkarn gereftan carhAran dAshian hornet(n) zambUr. dArorn horrible(adj) zesht hole(n) sorAldi horse(n) asp solAkh hose(n)payp holiday(n) rokhsaa hospitahle(adj) mEmAn nawAz religious Id hollow(adj) rnlyAn-khAli hospital(n) shed khAna k; Itk hollyhock(n) Maiml host(n)mErnAndAr j OL1-41- holy(adj) moqadas hot(adj) gam home(n) house khAna dAgh land watan spicy tond homeland (a) watan hotel(n)hotal homosexual(n) bacha, bAz hot pad(n) for servingzer-chAynaki homosexuality(n)bacha hAzi honest(adj) sAdeq hot plate(n)manqal honesty(n) sadAqat hour(n) sAt honey(n) asal house(n)khAna honeysuckle(n) anisakal residencemanzel honk(v) horn hAran kadan howl(n) Cla honour(n) Ezat (v) qUla kashidan (v) EterAm k how many(int) chard honourable(adj) mohtaram how much(int) cheqa. hook(n) changak cheqadar fastenerkelep however(adv) ga.rche 85

hug(n) baghal kashi ic yakh (v) baghal kashi k icebox(n)yakhehAl hum(v) zam zarna k ice eream(n) shir yakh human being(n) ensAn idea (n) nazarlya bashar feker humble(adj) bE keber ideal(n) Arzo humidity(n) rotUbat (adj) bEhtarin humeur(n) mazAq identification(n) cardtazkera hunehbaek(n, adj) kop idiot(n) abla hundred(n,adj) sad nAdAn hunger(n) goshnagl idle(adj) freebEkAr hungry(adj) goshna lazybEkAra hunt(v) shekAr k I f(prep) aga hunter(n) shekAr ignoranee(n) nAdAni hunting(n) shekitrI Ignorant(adj) nAdAn hurry(v) ajala k ipore(v) ahmlyat nadAdan shetAb k 111(adj) m adz hurt(n)dard nAjor (v) dard k illegal(adj) gliayr-e gAnUni husband(n) shawhar illiterate(adj) bEsawAd shUI Illness(n)maraz hush(v) khamosh k marizi chop k ima gination(n) kheyAl hyacinth(n) sombol imagine(v)kheyAl kidAshtan hymn(n) sorUd imitate(v) taglid k imbecile(no adj) kormaghz nAdAn immature(adj) nAra.s I(pron) ma immediately(adv)dasti fawran 87 b8

impatient(adj)bEhawsela indeed(adv)ba rAstl impedimentm) mAne aqiciatan impolite(adj) bE adab Independence(n) esteglAl import(n) wAred independent(adj) mostagel (v) wArtA k index(n) fehrest important(ad) mohem India ink(n) slyAhi bozorg indicate(v) eshAra, k ImportanceM) ahmiyat indication(n) eshAra t impossible(adj) nArnoinken indifferent(adj) bE tafAwot impotent(adj)khonsa indige3tion(n)badazml zalf indirect(adj) gilayr-e mostartfin imprison(v)band! k/shan

individual(n)fardl improve(v) eslAh k shakhs chAra k (adj) en! erAdi linprovement(n) eslAh industrIous(adj) fahAl chAra porkAr in(prep) not insidedar zahrnat kash ba Industry(n) sonat Inside dar bayn inefficient(adj) bEtAslr incident(n) etefAq inexperienced(adj)bEtajroba tasAdof idant(n)tefel income(n)darAma d infectM to become infected salary mAsh aw gereftan incompetent(adj) nAlAyeq iniected(adj) fAsed shoda hicompletqadj) nAtamArn infer(v)estenbAt k incorrect(adj) ghalat inference(n) estenbAt Inconvenient(adj) nArAm inferior(adj)pastar increase(n) tazid pAyAntar (v) tawseha dAdan influence(n) asar zeyAd shodan Usti' 89 9b influence(n) politicaltAslr-e siyAhsl insensitive(adj) bE S bEAtefa tAsIr andAkbtan/aword n inside (prep) dAkhel 0J.ii darUn influenza(n) enfloyenzA insist(v) esrAr k inforrn(v) khabar dAdan insistent(adj) shala etIA dAdan inspect(v) taftlsh k agahl dAdan inspection(n) taftlsh hformation(n) nalUmAt chek khabar inspector(n)mofatesh mlrAs gereftan instead(adv) ewa z-e :njection(n) pEchkArl institnte(n)masesa .njure(v) awgAr k/shodan instruct(v) tallrn dAdan dais dAdan njury (n) zakhm instrument(n) tool sAmAn awgAr musical aAmAn -e mUsIqi nk(n) rang nk holder(n) dewAt J insult(n) tawhln n_k pad(n) range tApa t..t;) (v) tawhln k nnocent(adj) bEgonAh tahqir k nquire(v) porsidan insurance(n)blma rnEporsona rive intelligence(n) nobUgh porsan k intelligent(adj) zaki sawAl k oshyAr nquity(n) porsAn 01.4 intend(v) qasd k asane(adj) LIEwAna 4,J intention(n) manzUr sanity(n) jonUn azm isect(n)hashara tr:--- qasd lsecticide(n) dawA-e hashara interest(n) zawq I ,5 I1 delchaspI 91 94

intereston) ooneyslid invention(n) ekhterA fAyda kashf interestVadj)deichasp inveatigate(v)tabqlq k interfere(v)modakhela k investigation(n)tahqfq interior(n)dAkhell invitation(n) written dahwAt nArna intemational(adj)baynolmelali

invite(v) dahwat k .J interpreter(n)tarjoman iris(n) zanhaq Interrogate(v)tahqiq k iron(n)ayln sawAl k for clothes UtU interrogation(n)tahqlq (v) UtU k interrupt(v)Bata k irreligious(adj)bEkhcda interruption(n) ekhlAl bEdln intersection(n)chAr rAyl irritable(adj) kamhawsela. interval P)) wagfa. tond khoy interview(n) mosAheba irritability(n)kamhawselag (v) mosAheba k toad khoye intestine(n) roda irritate(v) kamhawselad k intimate(adj) samimi intimidate(vt) tarsAY:dan tond boy° k natarsAnom to become irritatedkamhawsela shor:lan: into(prep)da ba 04 island(n) jazlra ilitmdcated(adj) nEsha itch(n)khAresht tLwg -mast (v) toitchkhAresht k introduce(v)mareil k to scratchkhArldan intrcduction(n)mareff mEldiA ram invade(v) taharoz k J Ivory(n) Aj 6 tnvasion(n)taharoz invent(v) ekhterA k kashf k 94

journal(n)jarlda diaryyAd dAsht-c rOzAna jadal(n) shaghAl

j.oket(n) sport coatkora joy(n) khoshl jade(n) y! m Judas tree(n) arghwAn jailtn)band khAna judge(n) 021 mahbas (v) gazAwat k (v) to jailband k judgement(n) qazAwat jam(n) jelly morabA jug(n) jag ar(n) martabAn large clay jug kOza botal juice(n) sharbat jun[11(0yAsaman jump(n)khEz Jaw(n) alAsha (v) khEz kizaflan Jealous(adj) haarld jungle(n)jogai Jelly(n) morabA junk(n) radl jest(n) mazAq Jupiter(n)Moshtarl (v) mazAq k just(adv) fariat Jesus(n)hazrat-e IsA just now jet(n) airplane Jet (ad]) adel jJ Jew(n)yahtld justification(n) dally JeJJ jewel(n) zewar job(n) wazga kAr K join(v) to connectyak jAy k -a club shAmel skin kangaroo(n)kangro joke(n) mazAq kebab(n) kabAb (v) mazAq k keep(v) nogA k joker(n) mazAqI kernel(n)hasta jolly(adj) khosh khoyl nughz ,khosh- khandAn kerosene(n)tel-e khAk

C 97 95 96

kettle(n)thy josh Idtolten(n) Ashpaz khAna key(n)hell kite(n)god' parAn kick(v)beat zadan 0 kagaz parAn Idd(n) goat bozghAla kitten()chUbae pesh6 childbacha (v) to jokeroazAq k Iiee(n) zAnU bAzi dAdah heel (v),zAnU Wan kidney(n)gorda 4.4 WO(i)hArd koshtan 0'6 jachifeohAqt1 TnEkoshom A Imit(v) bAftan az bayn hordan niEbAfom idller(n) murdererAdam kosh (adj) bAftagl kiln(n) dAsh=e khesht knob(n) dast,g1r kilometer( krianeter hook(v)taq taq k kin(n) by ..L,zJgam knot(n) greh: by mL,, jgekhEsh (v) greh k idnd(n)(Nein know(v) fAmidan racism mEtAinom (adj) niEhrabAn a personshenAkhtan kindness(n)mEhrabAni mEshnAsom lot( lmowledge(n) dAnesh kindergarten(n) kod akestAn known(adj)malUrn king(n) pAdshAh knuckle(n) band-e angosht shAh itingdom(n) shAhl Koran(n) goran-e sharlf saltanst kiss(n) InAch boss (v) bosIdan mEbosom mAch k

qi'1 L lane(n) kocha language(n)lesAn label(n) teket zabAn labor(n) kAr lantern(n)align (v) kAr k fAnUs laborer(n) kArgar lapis lazuli(n)sang-s lAjward lace(n) lays shoe -band-e but large(adj)kalAn lack(n) el-1*M bozorg (plat last(adj) Akherin (v) kambUd dAshtan (adv) Akher lad(n) Neils latch(n)golfak ladder(n) zlna-e chObi late (ad), adv) nAwakht ladle(n) thumb lately(adv)I rOzA large malAcia later(adv) paaAn lady(n) khAnom pasAntar lake(n)band-c aw in the futuredar Ayenda jahfl latest(adj) Akherin lamb(n) meat gOsht-e gosfand latitude(n) arz ol balad latrine(n)kenArAb leg ofrAn-e per khAk andAz chops chAmp laugh(n) khanda, baby sheep barn (v) khandak lame(adj)lang laughter(n) khanda lamp(n) cherAgh laundry(n) dirty kAlA kerosenecharAgli-e tEll

lavatori(n)tashnAb lampshade(n) shEt-e prop law(n) general houoq land(n) zamln specific ciAntin landlord(n) sAheb-e khAna lawn(n) chaman 99 100

lay(v) to lie downdarAz kashidan leave(v) to putmAndan 1)4 mEmAnom put down mAndan to departarakat k mEmAnom lecture(n)lekehar -an eggtokhm dAdan Li0JArh; (v) lekehar dAdan laziness(n)tamball 4.145. leech(n) jOk lazy(adj) tambal leek(n)gandana hEkAra At ledge(n) 'Ask kOh lead(n) sorb yr left(adj) side chap (adj) sorb! ur remainingmAnda (v) rahnamAyl k Le .1 bAqi leader(n)rahnamA La) leftovers(n)nAn-e bAsI 1r..(n) berg garbagepasniAnda leak(n)chakak leg(n) pAya. (v) chakak k legal(adj) gAntini lean()takya k legislatetv)gAntingozAri k (adj) lAghar leap(v)khEz lilzadan J ciAntin sAkhtan learn(v), yAd gereftan lemon(n) limo Amokhtan lcnd(v)clan dAdan mEAmozom other than moneyArlyat dAdan lease(n) ejAra, garArdM length(n)tiJi (v) garArdAd k darAzi ejAra dAdan/gereft lens(n) eyeglassaynak-e zarabin

least(adj)kamtarin adjustable adasiya zarabb at leastEvian kam az kam telephotndUrbin leather(n)charm leopard(n) palang (adj) charm! leprosy(n)jazAm

103, 104 101 102

less(adj) kern lie(v)drOgh gotten lessee(n) kerAya glrenda to lie do darAz kashldan

lesson(n)data LrJ life(n) zendagl abaci J÷- hayAt let(v) allow ejAza dAdan dj6J lifetime(n) ornr mAndan lift(v) bardAshtan mEmAnorn -.I4A mEwardArom to rent kerA k jJ; light(n)nUr lethargie(adj) mordan1 rOshanl rnayzOf fixture oherAgh letter(n) maktUb light bulb'. gorop !that (v)to light a firedar dAdan 'Ann of alphabetharf Atesh k Us lettuce(n) kAu to turn on a light fixture level(n) tool awtarAzU rOshan k (adj) awAr (adj) brightrOshan liar(n)drOgh goi not heavy sobok ltbel(n) tawhth lightening(n)almAsak liberate(v) AzAd k like(v) khosh dAshtan liberty(n) AzAdI (prep) mes1=e esteglAl liklihood(n) shabAhat librat:(n) ketAb IdiAna likely(adv)momken as licence(n) ejAza nArna emkAn driver'sHuns likowise(adv) mAnend lick(v)lEsldan shabt mElEsom lilao(n)yas lid(n) sarpOsh lily(n) sUsan lie(n) drOgh lime(n) fruitlimo

105 106 117 118

murderer(n) Adamkosh napkin(n) dastmAl JLi murmur(v)pos pos k dastpAk dLj muscle(n) mAhicha narcissus(n)narges azala nation(n)mamlakat museum(n) mUziyam keshwar mushroom(n) samAroq of peoplemelat music(n) mUzik native(adj)watani sAz person dAkhell must(aux) hAyad natural(adj) tabahi zarUrat dAshtan naturally(adv)taban mustard(n)mastArd tabyatan mustache(n) borUt albata d1 mute(adj) gong nature(n)tablyat mutton(n) gOsht-e gosfand nauseous(adj)delbad naughty(adj) shUkh mutual(adj) moshtarak near(adj) nezd1 my(adj) az ma atrAf mystery(n) ramz garD) rAz nearly(adv)tagriban myth(n) afsAna garThan neat(adj) pAk sotra N neccssary(adj) lAzIniI zarUri nail(n) mEkh neoessity(n)zarUrat (v) mEkh k neck(n)garden (n) fingernail nAkhon necklace(n) golUband naked (adj) loch gardanband name(n) nAm nate (n) nektAyl east need (n) ehteyAj nap(n) khaw zarUrat

121 119 120

need(v)kAr dAshtan niece(a) berAdar zAda, 0 J1j zarUrat dAshtan khwAr zAda needle(n) sozan night(n) shaw hitting slkh-e bAft nightingale(n)bolbol J4-1 needlework(n) dast dUzi nightmare(v) to haveslyAl pakhsh negative(adj)mann jJj (n) felm nimble(adj) chAlAk J neighbor(n) amsAya ohattiq neighborhood(a) anisAyagl nine(n, adj) nO nephew(n)berAdar zAda nineteen(n)nozda OJpJ nerve(n) asAb ninety(n)nawad nervous(adj) asabI no nE jendi na khayr nest(n) AshyAna noble(adj) sharlf nentral(adj) bEtaraf najib bEgiiaraz nobody(pron) Ech kas never(adj) Echwakbt nod(n) EshAra, never mind parwA nEs (v) EshAra k nevertheless(conj) hA wojUd-e noise(n) ghAlmagliAl nomad(n)kllohI new(adj) now mAldA r JJJL jadld nonanate(v)nomad khan / oirS news(n)idiabar Lj J=. m!e'F news broadcastIthabarA tahln k/shodan L)4Lr newspaper(n) akhbAr none(pron)Ech rOznAma nonsense(n)ehatl L next(adj)dega IbEmAnA Ayenda non-stop(adj) bEdUnI tawaqof niee(adj) kWh prettyqashang noon(n) ohAsht kind mEhrabAn nor(con)nE

124 123 121 122

normal(adj) AdI 0 north (n) shamAl northern(adj)shamAli oak(n) bet north pole(n) otb-e shainAl oath(n) gasam nose(n)bird sawgand not nE obedience(n)fa.rmAn bardArl note(n) letterkhat memoyAd dAsht etAhat class note nOt obedient(adj) sAleh notebook(n) ketAbeha V ' mad nothIng(pron) Ech chiz obey(v) etAhat k nottce(n) ElAn object(n) ebb alchtAr shay AgAhi (v) eterAz k nourishing(adj)mogAaz.1 observation(n)moshAheda mogawi observe (v)moshAheda k novel(n) nAwol now(adv) Al-e obtaln(v) gereftan Omni mEgrom no matter parwA nEs hAsel k nowhere(adv) Ech jAy obrlous(adj)mAlUm number(n)nomra wA zEh nurnerous(adj) ohandln mallimdAr besyAr occasion(n) mop nurse(n) nars forsat parastAr oeeaslonally(adv)yagAn wallt nut(n)maghz nuts maghzeyAd gAhe nutmeg(n)hEl-e kalAn occupation(n) takeneshghAl nylon(n) naylUn

126 125 123 124

occupation(n) workwazlfa olive(n) zaytUn kzsbo kAr omit(v)hag k occupied(adj) eshghAl aflat k Li occur(v) wAge shodan on(prop) on top ofsar-e roith dAdan not offrOshan ocean(n) bahr chAlAn o'clock baja (v) to tiun on rOshan Wshoclan odd(adj) strange ajib not even tAq chAlAn kishodan odor(n)bUl of(prep) az on the contrary barkbelAf-e off(prep) noton gal once(adv)yak dafa, (v) to turn offgot k yak bAr (prep) far offdUr az once upon a time (to begin a story) offence(n) tawhln bUd na bUd offend(v) rangdan one(nA)yak mEranjorn oneself (pron)khod office(n) daftar onion(n) pyaz government hokomat only(adv) faqat official(adj) rasml tanhA often(adv) bArhA onward(adv) rUbarU cil(n) rOghan f. A opal(n) shesh-e tabAshed for carmoblel ointment(n) marham open(adj) wAz malam (v) wAz k old(adj) people pr opening(n) beginningeftetA pokhtasAl shorO sAl khorda holesolaki thingskOna operate (v) surgicalamallyat kishodan c-L-v-10 farsUda used goodslaylAm

127 128 125 126

operate(v) a machine chAlAn k OJ1-4 orbit(n)madAr ) orchard(n) hAgh-e rnEwa to do amal orL order(n) goodsfarmAyesh operation(n), surgicalamaliyAt rr command amr businessmAmela (v) farmAyesh dAdan opinion(n) nazarlya ray amr k/dAdan oplum(n)taryAk tz arrange tare dAdan kolmAr orditary(adj)Adi opportunity(n) chAns orgazdy(adj)dAka forsat organization(n)mosEsa mauls monAseb 4-i- organize(v)taahkfl k oppose(v) molkAlefat k origin(n) asAs mabda opposite(prep) againstzed-e manba bar khalAk original(adj)asll facing mogAbel orphan(n) wlout mothery I rUbarU 4141'114 w/out fatheryatlm pEsh-e rU ostrich(n)shotor morgh oppress(v) zoirn k other(adj,n)dega oppressetl(adj)maziUm otherwiae(adv) aga nE oppressive(adj) zAlem waga nE optimism(n) klioshbin our(ad)) az mA nekbin out(prep) outsideberlin optimistic(adj)kboshbin khArej or(conj) yA extinguished gol oral(adj)tacirirl outbreak(n) of diseaseshop zabAil brUz orange(n) mAlta outcr%a) faryAd sour orange rLArenj outdoor(adj)begin (adj) colornAranjl outllne(v) kholAaa k

129 130 127 128

outside(prep) berUn p IthArej oven(n) dAsh pack(n) bastanl over(prep) bAlA-e jUal on top of sari (v) basta k finished khalAs to load bAr k overcoat(n) bAlApOsh package(n) basta overcome(v) fatha k pArsal OAleh shodan packet(n)pAkat dafa k M(n)aria overflow(v) labrez shodan pain(n)dard overhead(prep) bAiAi ear painft(adj) dardnAk overlook(v) lehAz k paint(n) rang oversiht(n)ghalati (v) rang k overtake(v) rasldan painter(n)rangmAl mErasom pair(n)jora overturn(v) spill sarchapa k pajamas(n)derishi=e khaw a governmentsarnegtin k

ralcht-e khaw owe(v) garz k/gereftan palace(n)ciasr owl(n) bUrn kotl own(v) azIthod kisAlltan emArat pale(adj) karn rang (adj) azidicd zard mal-e khod palm(n) of hand kaf-e dast owner(n) sAheb treedarakht-e khormA mAlek oxcart(n)karAohl Pan(n) rOghandAgh oxygon(n) Aksijan karAyl oyster(n) sadaf panic(n) tars

131 132 pansy(n) Adorn chera part(n) qesmat pant(v)nafasak zadan hesa panties(n) santarAj partloipate(v) eshterAk k pants(n) patlUn particular(adj) makhsUs wide tombAn partleularly(adv)makhalsan paper(n) kAghaz partisan(n)tarafdAr sheet ofwaraq partly(adv)gasman (adj) kAghad partner(n)shank paper olipin)kAghazglr partridge(n)kawk paper outter(n)kAgliaz bar party(n)dawat paper punoh(n)mAshin-e sorAkh mEmAni pass(n) mountainkotal parado(o) rasml gozasht (v) ter shodan (v) rasml gozasht k DJ gozashtan paradise(n)behesht mEgozarom janat passageM) partqesmat paralyzed(adj)shot travelsafar shal passenger(n)mosAfer parallel(adj) mawAzi past(n) gozashta. parcel(n) pArsal sAbeq basta pasture(n) alafzAr parents(n) wAledayn patch(n) pins park(n)pArk path(n) rAh

bAgh-e UmUmi patiencecn) hawsela (v) park k saber estAd k LJ patient(adj) bAhawsela. parllament(n)pArlamAn sick personmark shorA patriot(n)watan parast parrot(n)tllta pattern(n) namUna, parsley(n)gashnlch pause(n) waqra,

(v) tawaqof k

133 134 131 132

panja pepper(n)morch changAl redmorch-esorkh pea(n)mate blackmorch-e siyAh peace(n) aolha greenmorch.e tAza man percent(n)used peaceful(adj) solh dOst perfect(adj)talann ArAm (v) Oka k OrS peach(n) shaftAlt perfectly(adv) kAmelan peacock(n) tAva perform(v)ejrA k peak(n) mountain nok performance(n) ejrA gola perfinne(n)atr peanut(n) bAdAm-e kohl perhaps(adv) shAyad pear(n) nAk gUyA pearl(n)morwArld period(n) dotnoqta peculiar(adj) alb time zamAn pedal(n) rekAb modat for bicycle pAydal perish(v)talaf k peel(n)poet permission(n) ejAza (v) post k note. of taadfq peg(n) gi-rA permit(n)jawAz khat penalty(n) majAzAt (v) ejAza dAdan ja zA mAndan fine jarlm:_ mEmAnom pen(n)galam persist(v) esrAr k pencil(n) pensel person(n)nafar pencil eraser(n)pensel pAk shahs pencil sharpener(n) pensel tarAsh personal(adj) shakhsl personnel(n)amala pennfloss(adj) _11 Indies Lr mAmUrin

135 136 133 134

perspiration(n)araq physioal(adj) jesmi perspire(v)araq k examinationmAyna-e BIM persuade(v)targlfi k tashwlq k piano(n) pyAnO pirsue(v)molAheza k pick(n) toolkodAl taqlb k klieg pessimism(n)badblni (v) to choosekhosh k pessimistio(adj) badbin entekhAb k pest(n) person rnQkhel picnic(n)mEla insectsgarg picture(n) aks pestle(n)dast-e awang taawlr pet(n)haywAn-e IthAnagl drawingrasm piece(n)tota (v) nawAzesh k teka petition(n) pita Beta (v) ariza k pierce(v)aorAkh k petty(adj) kat* pig(n) khUk jozhl pigeon(n) kaftar petunia(n)patUni kabUtar pharmacy(n)dawA khAna pile(n)kOt PushtudanneltUn toda study ofdawA sAzI pilgrim(n) hAjl phlox(n)falAkes pilgrimageM)hAj phone(n)telefUn tAblet (v) telefUn k goll phonograph(n)gerAmAfUn L. I pillar(n) sUtUn photograph (n) aks pAya (v) aks gereftan pillow(n)bAlesht Aka k poshti

137 135 136

pilot(n) pilot plain(adj) sAda pin(n) straigfitBMW' plan(n) designoxtails: jewelry gol-e slna pelAn pinch(n)chondok (v) pelAn k (v) chondok gereftan tarha. k plane(n) toolrands pine(n)archa airplane tayA ra pine nut(n) jalgboza planet(n) sayAra ping pong(n) pengpAng plant(n) bota plit(adj) golAbI nabAt

14e(n)PUP (v) ahAndan nal mEahAn m for smokingpayp kAslifen water,pipe °beim mEkA rom pistachio(n)pests plaster(n)palaetar pistol(n) tofangoha sir: gel 001) seedhasta (v) piaster k maghz plate(n) boahciAb hole chA platter(n)gnarl ohociori play(n) sAtterl pitcher(o)jak bAzi (5) doloha dramaderAm I pity(n) rahm 1) (v) bAzi k shafaqat 1r sAtterl k place(n) jAy to play an instrumentsAz kizadano4 j L. (I)to put. mAndan mEmAnom plead(v)dAdkhwabi k J5 vAlr_;41i to leave gozashtan kbAyesh k ingzArom pleasant(adj) good tempered plain(n) desert dasht khoah khoy harowAr Y;

139 140 137 138

please(v) lthosh sAl[htan polish(v)pAlesh kidAdan (adv) lotfan pleosing(adj) delpesand jalA dAdan pleasure(n) Mosta rang k pliers(n)palAs polite(adj)bAadab plod(v)qadam zadan politeness(n) adab plow(n) qolba politieal(adj) slyAsi (v) qolba k polities(n)*Ant plum(n) poll(n) aksavat-e AM plumberin) basta kAr pomeganate(n)oar pluinbing(n) basta kArl pool(n) water awz plural(adj)jam poor(adj)gbarlb pneumonia(n) ainEbagbal nAdAr poem(n) sbEr poplar(n) chenAr poet(n) shAher popular(adj)Adi poetry(n) ahAherl mashUr point(n)noqta mahbUb end nok popularity(n)mabbtkat neshAn dAdan poppy(n) gol-e aorkh poison(n) zahr poppy seed(n) IdiAshlthAsh (v) masmUrn k populatIon(n).naftle pole(n) chOb-e dastak porch(n)biranda o cloth pork(n)gOsht-e khiik poliee(n) polls porter(n) qAbobi ur-ri traffic police tarAilk darbAn j -stationmAmozyat position(n) mawqef polish(n) pAlesh hAlat JL jalA wazIyat boot polishrang-0 but positive(adj) not negativemosbat

112

141 139 140

positive(thij) certainatmi powder(n) pOdar motayaqen power(n)qowat possess(v)dAshtan zOr dArom powerful(adj)qawl Lcy ruAlek 'Aldan bAgowat land zarnin dArl k practice(n)mashq taint, possessions(n)mAl praktes tasarof (v) mashy k zabt tamrin k k:ritria; possessive(adj)melid praktes k possible(adj)moniken praotical(adj) amali possibility(n) einkAn praise(n)tArtf posstbly(adv) shAyad (v) tArif k momken (n) praise for God setAyesh postage(n)posta (v) setAyesh k A L postcard(n)postkArd pray(v) narnAz khAndan post office(n)posta khAna ebAdat k 1.4 postpone(v)matal k prayer(n)namAz pasandAkkan ebAdat pasmEndAzoni prayer. bead s(n)tazbE pot(n)dEg preach(v)wahz k potato(n)kachAlU precaution(n)tadbIr potter(n)kolAl precede(v)pEsh raftan pottery(n)kolAll preceeding(adj) sAbeq powid(n) paw moqadam pour(v)khAli k precioua(adj)qimati rekhtAndan azlz mErezAnom predict(v)pEshgoE k poverty(n)gharibi prediction(n) pEshgoE

143 144 141 142

prefer(v)tarjeh dAdan pri.roary(adj) lowerebtedAyl pretnant(adj) hAmela mainasil shekamdAr primitive(adj) sAda preparation(n)tahlya bat prepareMtsyAr k prince(n)shAh zAda present(n) gifttOfa princess(n)shAh dokht bakhshesh principaIN schoolmcdIr the presentAlE OD ate fElan principle(n) 280 (v) pEsh k tarlq taqIiiii k qAnun (adj) hereAzEr print(v) chAp k president(n) rahis priority(n)taqadom of country rahls-e jamIJr prisoner(n)handl mahblIs prawn) printingmatba private(ad)) shakhal (v) feshAr dAdan privilege(n)emteyAz pressure(n)feshAr prize(n) enAm pretend(U)bahAna gereftan Lr'zird probable(adj)ehtemAII probably(adv) ehtemAl pretty(adj) magabIll momken qashang produce(v)tawild k prevent(U)mainAne'at k production(n)tawlld prevention(n)mamAnelat profession(n)pEsha prevlous(adj) 8Abeq shogrhl price(n)ghat professional(adj)multi! prlceless(adj) bEqlmat herfawI pride(n) gitortfr profeasor(n) ostAd Prime Minister(n)sadr-e azam proficient(adj)mAher profit(n)fAyda Prime Ministry(n)sedArat mafAd

145 143 144

profitable(adj)maid prosecutor(n)modahl-el-omIlm frdluiJA program(n)progrAm progress(n)pEshraft prospect(n) goodAyenda-e Ida taraqi (v) pEahraft k bad Ayenda-e ItharAb taraqi k prosperity(n)&Wet progreasive(adj) motarag nekbakhtl pEshrafto prostitute(n)fAhesha project(n) porozha proteet(v) negA k (v) pEshbInl k hefAzat k promise(n)wAda protection(n)hefAzat (Y) wAda k/dAdan negA protest(n)ehterAz proof(n) esbAt (v) ehterAz k &till proud(adj)maghrtir propaganda(n) tablIgh prove(v)esbAt k prolpropAgand sAbet k proper(adj) monAseb proverb(n)zarb ol maul shAesta j Ij promote(v)toraqi k/dAdan mats' provide(v) teheya k property(n)tnAl provinee(n)welAyat land zam1n dArI public (ad j) °Mimi prophesy(n)pEshgoE public bath(n)harnAm prophet(n) paygbAmba-r publish(v) nastier k proposal(n) pEshnehAd chAp k tagAzA puddIng(n) Odin propose(v) pEshnehAd k PO(n)Pof prose(n) naaer (v) pof k prosecute(v) mohAkema k put(n)11100 ofpot paysa

148 147 145 146

pull(v) kash k quality(n)jensyat kashIdan quantity(n)meqdAr mEkashom quarter(n)yak chArak pump(n) water bamba 1/4 8Tak bar chAr) hesa pamp queen(n)maleka (v) pomp k queer(adj) ajth pumpkin(n) kadU question(n) sawAl punch(v) mosht zadan (v) sawAl k punctual(adj) wazlfa shenAs quick(adj)tEz bA wakht zUd puncture(n) in tire panchar quiekly(adv) bazUdi punish(v) jazA dAdan quiet(adj) chop punishment(n) jazA khAmosh purchase(v) kharldan (v) chop k rnEkharom khAmosh k pure(adj) khAles quilt(a) lehAf purple(adj) benafsh quit(v)estefA k purpose(n)maqsad quite(adv) tamAman purse(n) dast kawl quote(v) eqtebAs k push(v) zOr k tela k put(v) mAndan R mEmAnom puzzle(n) moamA rabbit(n)khargosh rabies(n)maraz-e sag-e dEwAnad"

Q race(n) contestmosAbega people nedjAd quail (n) bod an a Jens qualified(adj) lAyeq (v) mosAbeqa k raslda

149 150 147 148

racket(n) sport danda j---jj raise(v) bAIA k raket, taracjI dAdan radiant(adj) tAbAn L!1; raisin(n)keshmesh drokhshAn j rake(n) shAkhl radiate(v) tAbldan (v) kharAshldan mEtAba J---%14e mEkhkrAnom radiator(n) carredetar ram(n) qach radio(n) rAdIyO (v) zarba zadan radish(n) molt ramble(v)gashtan torb Yr--; mEga.rdom red-moll sorkhak LrJa without purpose EIA gaxdl k white-molt safedak radlus(n) shoA random(adj) tasAdoft raft(n) zhAla L4jIA range(n) scopedaraja rag(n) sAff mountains selsela rage(n) kheshem rap(v) za.rbat zadan qahr rape(v) tajawUz k jji ragged (ad j) kOn a dast andAlditan shArida o rapid(adj) zUd 1*(11) shab khtin jald hamla k tEz rall(n) railroad rEl rare(adj)kamyAb khat-e Ahan ty--41 rascal(n) lochak railLng(n) katAra 0 LS raz11 railroad(n) khat-e Ahan rash(n) zakhm rain(n) bArA-n Abela (v) bArAn bAridan L1 (adj) chAlAk bArAn, mEIAra JJLIe j)L. jald rainbow(n)kidinAn-e rostam 1L S r".1 rasbly(adv) bachAbokl rat(n)kormlish rainy(adj) bArAn1

151 152 149 150

rate(n)qlmat reality(n)haqiqat nerkh realization(n)dark Jj..1 rather(adv)bEhtar realize(v)dark k ji awaltar fahmidan pEshtar rnEfAhmom ration(n) na-C4L-4" jIra. " 1 really(adv) rAstl kr-1-4" (v) jlra dAdan wage'an rational(adj)magil reap(v)daraw k J peaandbia to collectjam k rattle(n) jegh jeghak reappear(v) dUbArapAycl a shodan 14, 0 .11-.)J for babybAzleha (v) jegh jegh k rear(n) ageb raven(n) zAgh posht kalAgh (v) to raisetarbla k raw(adj) khAm rearrange(v)dUbAra tartlb k ray(h) rOshani razor(n) mAshin-e rish reason(n)darn. blade pal sabab tEgh khAter reach(v)rasldan (v) darn Awardan mErasom eatenbAt k read(v) khAndan reasonable(adj) maqUI mEkhAnom monAseb to studytnotfilea k reassure(v)mobna'en sAkhtan reader(n) klAnenda literate bAsawAd rebel(n)yAghi ready(adj) tayAr motamared J Azer rebellion(n)shOresh ArnAda rebuild(v)az sar AbAd k real(adj)haqiql

153 154 151 152

rebuke(v) malAmat k reeord(v) sabt k recall(v) yAdAwari k Jr-- L$AJ recover(v)jebrAn k recede(v) Jr-g- khod dArI k to healjor shedan receipt(n) radd recreation(n)tafrlh receive(v) gereftan recruit(n) estekhdAm mEgIrom (v) estekhdAm k hAsel k rectangle(n)chArkonj recent(adj) tAza mostatIl naw red(adj) sorkh recently(adv) bat A zagl redeem(v) to save nejAt dAdan JJIJ akhIran

reception(n) qabUl Jr reduce(v) takhfif dAdan partypazIrAyI ur tacit!' k/dAdan 0)- recipem) fUrraill-e nAn recitation(n) bayAn kam k/shodan recite(v) from memory az yAd khAndall Jit reed(n)khas reed penqalam-e mashq reokless(adj) bEbAk ci bEpa rwa 5Y--1 reel(n) fishingcharkh recognize(v) shenAkhtan movierol-e felm mEshnAsom refer(v) r-- '- frestAdan (also usedfro political recognition) mEfrestom recollect(v) DJLJ dlJbAra jam k rojo k referee (n) refrl recommend(v) sefAresh k (v) refrigari k recommendation(n) sefAresh reference(n) morAjela reconsider(v) tajdld-o nazar k nesbat refine(v) sAf k record(n) filesabt tasfiya k yAddAsbt L----41jjLt reflect(v) enekAs k musical rekArd J to thinktafakor k r--

156 155 153 154

reform (u)eslAh regular(adj)moratab taghlr monazam (v) eslAh k MI taghlr dAdan regularly(adv)monazaman refrain(v) k_hcd dAri k regulate(v) qaMr dAdan refresh(v)tAza k tatin k refreshrnent(n) mashrUbat-e tAza 6-1 reign(n)dawra (v) pAdshAl k refrigerator(n)yakhchAl rein(n)qaiza refuge(n) panAgAh t jelaw refugee(n)mahAjer J------i----a reject(v) rad k r-.5 j refusal(n)rad J ) rejection(n)ra4 refuse(v) rad k t:JJ) __SJ) tardid J-1Jr; emtenAh k rejoice(v)khosh hAil k qabtfl nakadan Jr regain(v)bAz yAftan relate(v)nesbat dAdan oi 1J dUbAra gereftan iiiir 0 rabt dAdan 1:JJ 1 J regal(adj)saltanat relation(n)nesbat shAhAna rabt regard(v)relAyat k family by blood qavan respectEhterAm k A. family by marriagekhEsh (n) respectEhterAm r.....---.2. relationship(n) rAbeta region(n)mantaqa Likl, relative(n) by blood qawm register(n) record bookrAgestar by marriagekhEsh attendance book ketAb-e AztaliSriL.. 1 relax(v)esterAhat k relay(v) pakish k (v) sabt k release(v)AzAd k regret(n)afsos '1 LrY1/24 rehA k (v) afsos k/khordan jJ0---1- / j -1 i crril E1Ak reliable(adj)mo.arned

1-8 157 155 156

relief(n)komak remote(adj)dUr dast girl remove(v) kashIdan relleve(v)rAhat sAlditan mEkashom religion(n) din dUr k religious(adj)dindAr renew(v) flaw k bAkhodA tajdld k Oar relish(n)ehatel ronounce(v) sarf-e nazar k sourtorshi

(v) macs k renown(n) shohrat reluetant(adj)bEmall renownecl(adj) mAltif motaraded mashUr rely(v) etemAd k rent(n) moneykerA remain(v) bAqI mAndan (v) to takekerA gereftan remainder(n) bAgImAnda

pasmAnda to give kerA dAdan remains(n) baciAyA reorganize(v)dlibAra tartlb k asar remark(n)ezhAr-e nazarlya repair(v)jot. k tarmlm k (v) tabsera k repay(v) Ewaz dAdan remarkable(ad)) qAbel-e tnolAheza4 Lj16 tAwAn dAdan repeal(v) laghwa k remedy(n) chAra 0 bAtel k ElAj repeat(v)tekrAr k remember(v) ba yAd Award an OJAI repeatedly(adv)tekrAran repel(v) rad k remembrance (n)yAd gAr data k remind(v) ba. yAd dAdan repellent(n) for insectsdawA-e zed-e-ashara remorse(n)peshemAnl 0 ndAmat repent(v)toba k

159 160 159 160

responsible(adj) to blamemalAmat reveal(v) ezhAr k ) fAsh k responsibility(n) masUilyat revelation(n) wa' e L blamemalAmati elhAm r rest(n) reposeesterAhat revenge(n) enteqAm remainder bAqi (v) enteqAm gereftan rSuUzi (v) esterAhat k LJr revenue(n) darArnad restaurant(n) rasttJrAn mAlIya restless(adj) bEtAb reverence(n)EhterAm nArAm review(v) bAzdkl k restore(v) give backpas dAdan tekrAr k J repairtarmlin k 0-J revise(v)tajdld-e nazar k. jL restrict(v)mandUd k restriction(n) mandUdyat revolt(v) shOresh k result(n)natija revolution(n) engelAb resume(v) dawAm dAdan revolutionaiy(adj) engelAbl edAma dAdan revolver(n)tofangcha resurrection(n) mAhshar reward(n) pAdAsh qiyAmat maul retain(v) negA k (v) mozd dAdan/gereftan da IthAter dAshtan tJ retard (v) Ahesta k 0.1)-5 rheumatism(n)romAtezoni takhir k dard-e mafsal retire(v) taqAwod k rbinocerous(n)gargadan e L.6 kenAragirl k rhubarb(n) rawAsh retract(v) pas gereftan Sr rhyme(n) qAtiya return(v)p: jljtr; dAdan wazn pas Aniadan Iul rib(n) meatqaborgha pas raftan rice(n)berenj reunion(n) La.,1 ejtemA shAll

161 162 161 12

rich(adj) poldAr rtpe(adj) nada, ° dawlatmand pokhta riches(n) towAngarI ripen(v) redden dawlat mErasa rid(v) khalAs Wshodan rise(v)harldiAstan barmEkhEzom AzAd shodan khestan riddle(n) moamA mEkhEzom rams risk(n)Ithatar ride(n) sawAri (v) ba khatar andAkhtan (v) sawAr kishedan ridicule(n)estezA rival(s)Wig ir,:trekr maskhara nab (v) maskhara k river(n)daryA rifle(n) tofang rUd right(adj) direction rAst road(n) Barak correct soh& rAh rAst jAda darost roam(v) ElA gardl k rlghteous(adj) sAdeq roar(v) ghoridan haqbln mEghorom rightly(adv)barasti roast(v)beryAn k rim (n) hA shlya kabAb k kenAr rob(v) don ring(n) finger angoshter OArat k circle halqa rahUdan chela mErobAyorn rinse(v) awkash k robber(n)doz riot(n) balwA rahzan shOresh pickpocketkis abor

164 13 164

robAb(n) robAb round(adj) gerd robe(n) chapan fatkolola jArna rouse(v)bEdAr k 1J-171 lebAs route(n)rAh D rock(n) sang jAda sakhra routine(n) rOzmara rocket(n)rAket row(n) linesal rocky(adj) sang/ qatAr JLL red (n)sit disturbancedard-e sar jr...Jr) roll(n) bunIola (v)a boatbelcha zadan (v) lola k royal(adj) shAhAna a I lot khordan shAhl u---k romantic(adj)khly All rub(v) mAlIdan roof(n)bAra mEmAlom room(n) otAci rubber(n) rAbar J rooster(n)khorAs pencil eraserpenselpAk root(n)della -rubbish(n) tofAla JL rope(n) resmAn ruby(n)yAqUt tanAb lal roe(n) golAb rude(adj)bE adab JI rot(v) boslda kiskdan khashan rudeness(n)bE adabl gandIda k/shcdan gostAkhl

rug(n) knotted carpetciAlln rotate(v)charkhldan prayerjAy-e namAz nacharkhom woven gelem rotten(adj) bosida thin wovensatranjl ganda ruin(n) kharAba rough(adj) drosht walrAna koloft (v) kharAb k

166 165 166

rule(n)qAleda sad(adj)jegarkhiin (v) hokUmat k Oj saddle(n)zln ruler(n) straight edgekhat kash sadness(n) ghanIghl safe(n) formoneysail sovereignhokUmrAn (ad)) bEkhatar rumor(n) awAza mail% a!wa safeguard(n)hefAzat ruz(v)dawldan (v) befAzat k mEdawom hemAyat k 0.J rural(adj)dehAtl saffron(n) zahafarAn rostAtI safety(n)bekbatari rush(n) reedhamla -pinpeng hurryajala saii(n) bAdbAn shetAb (v) kesht.lrAnI k (v) yoresh k sallor(n)keshtlbAn rust(n) zang maliAh (v) zang zadan saint(n) moqadas nisty(adj) zang zada wall rye(n) jawdar sake of,. tor the thAtter.e

az harAy-e 8 salad(n) salAta chaff sack(n) salary(n)mAsh gUnI tankhA MAD sale(n)forosh sacred (ad)) moodas ubri lelAmI UI sacrifice(n)gorbAnI salesman/woman(n)foroshenda fedA Li Jjj:tri sad(adj)deg JJ dokAndAr khafa saliva(n) aw-e dAn %r1

168 167 168

salt(n)namak sapphire(n) yAcitit-e kabUd salty(adj)namakl shOr sarcastio(adj)tanatArnez salutationo) salArn kenayadAr rasme tazim satan(n) shaltAn salute(v) salAm dAdan satchel(n) khoriin salAmi zadan satellite(n)qamar-e masnUyi salvage(v)nejAt dAdan salvation(n) nejAt satin(n) atlas roatagArl satisfaction(n)rezAyat salve(n)marham satisfactoiy(adj) rezAyat-bakh'shulLILk) zamAd same(adj) anion satisfy(v)rAzi k samovar(n) sartAwAr khosh k sample(n) nanifina Saturday(n) shanibE sand(n) rEg Saturn(n) zohal sandal(n) chapll saucer(n)nAlbakl sandpaper(n) rEgmAl savage (adj) wahl shi sandwich(n) sandwich harbor' sandy(adj) rEgzar save(v) nejAt dAdan rEgi pasandAz k sane(adj) sAlem-Agel savings(n) sarfajUf tandrost pole pasandAz sonitary(adj) sell saviour(n) nejAt-dehenda sanitation(n)heizolseha, savor(v) lezat tabAbat saw(n) ara. sanity(n) salAmat-e age' (v) ara k sawdust(n) bor-e ara KvAna-rawi say(v) goftan ahlra sapCn) mEgoin sha rbat

17U i69 169 170

seab(n) archeq scheme(n)tarha blmAr nagsha scaffold(n)gAleb-e chObl (v) tarha k scald(v) sokbtAndan school(n)maktab InEsozAnom -housemadrasa scale(n) ruletarAzU -teachermAlem musicsor science(n)dAnesh scalp(n) poste sar elm scar(n) dAgh sAyens neshAn scientific(adj)elmi scarce(adj) kampaydA scientist(n) Alem kamyAb dAneshmand nAder sAyns-dAn scarcely(adv)nAderan scissors(n)galchi nodrat scold(v) daw zadan ba sakhtl goftAr k carcity(n)kaniyAbl malAmat k qAt scope(n)waslat gelat kalAnI scare(v) tarsAndan scoroh(v) sozAndan mEtarsAnom mEsozAnon scatter(v)tit shodan score(n)khat motafareg kishod an borldag neshAn scene(n) theater sahna nomra natural beautymanzara (v) khat kikashtlan scenery(n)manzara scent(n) bUy scorn(n) khwArt schedule(n)jadwal (v) tawhIn k tagslm-e asvgAt scorpion(n) gazhdcim

171 172 171 172

scour(v) dawldan a scrub(v)mAlesh dAdan mEdawom sculptor(n)mojasama-sAz cleanpAk k scowl(v) torsbril k sculpture(n)mojasamarsAzi scramble(v)talAsh k

tacialA k sea(n)bahr scrap(n)teka pAra seal(n) markmohr zarra neshAn L" scrape(v)tarAshldan (v) mohr k jJ mEtarAshom fl r-'1.* seam(n)darz ii kharAshIdan bakhya mEltharAshom search(n)Jost* scratch(n) IthAresh L.; talAsh (v) kharAshldan (v) -forpAlldan JL mEkharAshom mEpAlom ba nAlchiJn k L.; Hk " season(n)mOsem to Itch khAridan fasel 'mEkhArom (v) flavornamak dAdan scratch pad(n) chatal nawIs Lrr seat(n) chawki scream(n) fajyAd JLri (v) jAy dAdan 0J1i chigh Please be seated' lotfan beshened (v) chigh zadanikashidan

second(n) time sAnya screen n)jAli (adj) dowom parda secondary(adj) sAnawl screw(n) pEch doword ui).1 (v) pEch k secondary school(n) maktah-esAnawlcrL screwdiver(n)pEchtaw cr scrlpture(n)ketAb-c mociadas secret(n)serf dr- pDshida. 6 rAz uiI

173 174 173 174

secretary(n) monshi self-defense(n) komak ha khod sakartar rrL sect(n)ferqa 16irj self-rellance(n) eternAl ha nafs 141 I hezh, section(n) areahesa sell(v) forokhtan shoba mEforoshom gesmat sawcIA k secure(v) mabfliz k send(v) rawAn k obtain farAhmn k frestAdan (adj) whit% mEfrestom security(n) amniyat senior(n) chiefbozorg zamAnat AbeqdAr see(v) elan elderbozorgta.r -mEbinom sensation(n) ehsAs LI seed(n) tokhm sense(n) five senseshes-e panjgAna Mosta seedling(n) galama hawAs-e panjgAna t..,.; seek(v)pAlldan meaning mAnA rnEpAlom sensible(adj) maqUI seem(v) Jr- malUm shod an mahstis seize(v) gereftan sensitive(adj) hasAs rnEglrom sentence(n) words jom1-.: zabt k for crime fetwA seizure(n)tasarof (v) mahkihn zabt sepazate(atli) jedA seldom(adj) banodrat Alaida 0 nodratan (v) jedA k ,J select(v) entekhAb k septio(adj) ganda, self(n) hod serene(adj)sAi self-control(n) khod dArl rOshan

AIM =

175 176 175 176

serial(adj) mosalsal seven(n, adj)haft sericulture(n)pilawarl 6)) seventeen(n, adj) abda series(n)selsela seventy(n, adj) aftAd reshta sever(v) jedA k/shodan majmoa several(adj) ehandLn serious(adj) jI motafaded shadid severe(adj) sakht seriously(adv)jeddan shadld shadIdan severely(adv) shadldan sermon(n) van baulkl (v) wa.'az k sew(v) dolditan serpent(n)mAr mEdozom sernin(n)shorn sewage(n) khandaq servant(n) nokar sewer(n)itbraw khedmatgAr sewing maehine(n)mAshin-e khayAti mazdtir Lam' serve(v)khedmat k sex(n) jeans service(n) khedmat jeasTpt nokarl shabby(adj)past religious ebAdat johnoren rna.ra sem-e ebAdat shade(n) sAya set(v) tabletyAr k sAybAn nasb k shadow(n) eAya to putmAndan shady(adj) sAya-clAr mEmAnom shagry(adj)dart= Q barium (n)sunset orub settle(v) corAr dtlan shako(v)larzldan falsala k mElarzom settlement(n)mostamara handsdart dAdan eqAmatgAh shall(aux. khAham ma.skan

177 178 177 178

shallow(adj) kam oral shed(n) arnbAr sathI Lr (v) drop offrekhtan shaxne(n) sham mErezem alb -tears ashk rekhtan JL khejAlat sheep(n) gosfand shamed(adj) khejAlat zada sheet(n) paper wara.q bed rUyjAyI shameful(adj)sharinAwar metaltaitta, shameless(adj)bEsharm shelf(n) raf cheshm safEd tAgeha shampoo(n) shAmpO shell(n) post shape(n) shakel gAleb share(v) dividetaqsIm k sadaf sahim bUdan shelter(n) panAh sharp(adj)tEz (v) heft k U borenda o shepherd(n) chopAn zerak shield(n) separ sharpen(v) J tEz k r-e (v) hemAyat k sharpener(n) pencilpensel tarAshLr shine(n) tAbesh (v) drokhshIclan shave(v) kal k mEdrokhIshorn rlsh kal k sitip(n) keshtl tarAsh k (v) to send rawAn k shawl(n) for men shAl shipment(n)bAr for women chAdar shirt(n)pEran she(pren) I shiver(n)larzldan U mElarzom shear(v)galchI k 0Jr. shock(n) zarba. shears(n)Vela shAkhborl -o takAn medical shok

1S0 179 179 780

shoddy(aclj) jolmorgh )==-4 shout(v)faryAd k shoe-(n) but °high _Wan 0J) kagsh shovel(n) bel horse- nal beleha tl" shoe brush(n)bors-e bUt khAkandAz d1-.; shoehorn(n) gAshoci-e but show(v) neshAn dAdan namAyesh dAdan J IJLL shoelace(n)band-a bUt tazAhor k 1)J r--A shoe shtne(n)ja1A-e but shower(n) bathshAwar shoe polish(n) L rang-e bUt rain bArAn shoemaker(n)bUt-doz show off(v) khod namAyl k shoot(v) fair k shop(n) dokAn shriek(n)thigh (v) sawdA klaridan shrine(n) zlyArat shopkeeper(n) dokAndAr shrink(v) chonflok kishodan shore(n) aAhel kanA r shroud(n) Wan lab lefAfa short(adj) kotAh shrub(n) bota pakheh .shudder(v) Inraidan khord rnElarzom shortage(n) gellat shut(v) basta k kamt (adj) basta shorts(n)akar shut off(v) areaband k shot(n) gola machine gol k zarbat shutter(n) parda Injection pEchkArl shy(adj) sharmendok shotgun(n) tofang sick(adj) marlz should(v) bAyad nAjor JL shoulder(n) shAna slelmess(n) maraz

181 182 181 182

sickness(n) roaraz silently(adv) ba khamoshi

marbI Le1-1-7-4 silk(n) abreshom nAjorl LcIN-L harlr nAkhoshi silkworm(n) kerm-e pIla side(n) taraf Lir!. sill(n)AstAna samt silly(adj) jAhel JD j sidewalk(n) plyadaraw liAdAn sidewap(adv)az yak taraf Lit) silver(n)noqra (adj) noqra-e sifter(n) flour Elak Li similar(adj) shablli ialbel JLr niAnand sigh(n) 0I Ah simple(adj) sAda hasrat basIt (y) Ah kashldan _ D easy AsAn sight(n) tamAshA LL mentally sAda sign(n) nofice tayin simplicity(n) sAdagl AshkAr JLSI sbnplify(Y) sAda sAkhtan symbol alArnat sirnply(adv) ha sAdagl (v) einzA k L. sin(n) gonAh signal(n) alArnat khatA neshAn since(conj) becausechilli kE 0.11J eshAra time az waldite kE jJJOiLl (v) eshAra dAdan sthoere(adj) sAdeq signature(n) emzA Us I sarnImI significant(adj) bArnAnA sincerely(adv) sAdeqAna mohem c' ba -rAst1 silence(n) sokUt sing(y) IthAnclan kliamoshl inEkhAnom silent(adj) chop sUrudan kharnosh Li I mEsarAyom

1S3 184 183 184

singer(n) sarAyend a sketch(n)tarh singing(n) AwAz-khAn1 nagsh a single(adj) unmarried mojarad (v) nacisha k numberyaks ski(n) sorja tanhA L (v) sorja khordan.anlanoJj singular(n) mofrad sidil(n) maltra t sink(n) zarfshOy skill(n)mahA rat dastshOy tawAnA 'I sip(n) shop skillet(n)karAyl (v) shop k skillful (adj) mAher sir(a) AghA ostAd AqA W11(0post khAn jeld sl ster(n)khwAr (v) post k amshira. skip(v)khEz zadan sister-In-law(n)khAshna &iminatehazf k sit(v) shesh tan sidrt(n) dAm an rnEshinom skull(n) kAsa-e sar neshashtan sky (n) A smAn mEneshInom slam(v) bazarb zadan ¼) sitar(n)setAr slander(n) badgUl situation(n)hAlat gbalbat wazyat (v) gjlaTbat k mawqryat slap(n) chapAt six(no adj) shah (v) chapAt zadan sixteen(n, adj) shAnzdah qafAq zadan sixty(n, adj) sha.st slatetn) stonelawbarsang size (n) andAza school tatt-e slet skeleton (n) eskelet slaughter(n)qati-e Am ostokhAnbandl kcshtAr

186 185 185 186

slaughterhouse(n) maslakh slime(n ) -t slave(n) gholAni lUsh ash sling(n) felAkhaz slavery(n) gholArni slingshot(n)gholak aslrl slip(n) mistake eshtebAh slay(v)koshtan khatA mEkoshom (v) laghzidan sled(n)yakhrnAlak mElaghzom sleep(n) kha.w slipper(n)sellpa.r (v) khaw k slippery (adj) lakhshenda sleepy(adj) kthaw-Allid lashra sleet(n)barl o bAran sloppy(adj) jolmorgh amAnta darham o barham sleeve(n)Astin slow(adj) Ahesta. slender(adj)bAnk sost lAghar slowly(adv) ha. Ahestagl slice(n)teka sly (adj)rnakAr parcha frehenda slide(n) earth laelzesh hilagar (v) khatA khordan smaek(n) kissbona laglizidan raAch mElaghzom (v) hitsill zadan slight(adj)bArik small(adj) Ithord haqh kochak nAohlz rEza (v) haqh k/sAkiitan smart(adj)grak zarang be' etenAI k lAyeq slightly(adv) kami hoshyAr slime(n) gel-o lAy smash(v) pound maids. k

187 186 187 188

smell(n) bUy sneak(v) khazldan (v) bUy k/dAdan . raEkha zom khap khap raftan smile(n) tabasorn sneaker(n)kerniech labkhand sneer(v)poskt and k (v) tabasom k sneeze(v) atsa zadan smtling(adj) tabasorn-konAn snore(v)khor khor k smith(n) blacksmithAhangar khor zadan smoke(n) dUd

snot(n) . khelm (v) cigarettesegret kashidan snow(n) barf (v) bart bArldan smootb(adj) lashm bad mEbAra. (v) lashm k snowstorm(n) tUfan-e ba.rf smother(v) makhil k snuff(n)naswAr kharnosh k/shodan snug(n) rAhat guarded mahfUz smuggle(v) qAchAq bordan so(adv) hamohonln Fria bordan Intawr snall(n)halzUn if so aga Intawr gawak so-calledtawr-e kE gotta mEsha snake(n) mAr jppt4 snap(v) dogqapidan soak(v) tar k mEqapa jazb k snapdragon(n) antarl soap(n) sAbUn snare(n)dAm powderpOdar for sob(n) eq-eq snatch(v)qapidan (v) eq-eq geryAn k mEqapom sober(adj)OnE chUr mlyAnaraw sneak(v) khazldan soccer ball(n) fotbAl inEkhazorn

189 190 189 190

slable(adj,)dostAna solid(adj) mahkam qAbel-e mAmela sAbet sooial(adj) ejtemn jAmEd soelety(n) organization anjoman solltary(adj) tanhA ejtemA solitude(n) twin sock(n) jorAb solution(n) mahlUI jorAb-e kotAh hal socket(n) wall wAlsAket solve(v) hal k sod(n) them some(pron) baz-e soda(n) baking poll barki-e -waterAb-e welAyati (ad]) a littlekam-e someone(pron)kas-e -pop 'emend shakhse sofa(n) sofa somobody(pron) kas-e soft(adj) _nu shakhse molAem somehow(adv) tawr-e -drink mashrUb-e bEalkolj baqesm-e something(pron)ehrz-e soften(v)norm k sometime(adv) kodAm wakht- e softly(adv)ha narmI soil (n) khAk gAh-e solar system(n)nezam=e shamsl sometirnes(adv)bAz-e awqAt soldier(n) askar bAz-e wait sepAhl gAh-e wakht sole(n) shoekaf-e but somewhat(adv) kam-e (ad]) only main qadre faqat ijj somewhere(adv)yak jAyl solemn(adj) sangln son(n) pesar bAwegAr farzand

191 192 191 192

song(n) bayt soup(n) shorwA sUrlid sour(adj)torah nrOma source(n)chashraa son-in-aw(n) dAmAd manha soonhiv) ha zUdI south(n) jamb epothe(v) taskin dAdan (adj) ha taraf-e janob .0orcerer(n) jAdUgar jrigi southern(adj)janobI sore(adj) zakhm south pole(n) gotie janob dard k sovereign(n) All sore throat(n) golUn dard mofld sorrow(n) gham sow(v) seed kAshtan andoh mEkArom soly(adj) pEshemAn space(n) area sAha gtamgIn timemodat moth 'oast celestial fazA I'm sorq, my faultbObakhshen jAy spacious(adj) jAhdAr I'm sorry, notmy fault afsos mEkanom wasl spade(n) bElcha sort(n) kindqesm spaghetti(n) Ash ragam spanner(n)rench (v) tasnlf k spare(adj) extraMali soul(n) roh (n) -partporza-e fAltU jAn sound(n) sadA spark(tn) jaraqa AwAz sparrow(n) gonjeshk (v) AwA z dAd an sparrow hawk(n) bAsha (adj) sale speak(v)gap zadan sAlem spear(n) nayza

193 193 194

01)00%1(64 makhsUs spider(n) jo1A speetally(adv) makhsUn ankabUt specialty(n)taltilasos spilm(n) species(n) now rnEkh qesem spill(v) rekbtan specimen(n)namita mErezom speck(n) ULM apin(v) resiatan noqta mEreshom laka spinaeli(n) pAlak spectacle(n) !nonzero Baba pAlak tamAshA aptudle(n)dok speotaio.r(n) tamAshAela spine(n) sota-a foqarAt speculation(n) tafakor tIrposh speech(n) spirit(n) Doh notq spirtiug(adj) rohAiul OA it. splt(n) rod sikh gap (v) tof k speed(n) tEzl spite(n)kIna sothat adAwat jai& spiteftl(adj) kInadAr spell(n)telesm splash(n) taraishoh jAdIJ tasher (v) emlA k (r)tarashoh k espel k splendid(odj) bA shokoh spellIng(n)emlA daVdAr hejI splinter(n)parakhcha spend(v) kharch k. qAsh spendthrift(n)kharAj (v) tOta k spieefn)niasAl-e dEg split(v)shoq k aflUwya-e dEg

195 196 195 196

spoil(v) zA=e k sprout(n) ghoncha kharAb k nawda sponge(n) esfanj (v) nawda zadan aber spurn(v) rad k sponsor(n) zAmen na-kardan spoon(n) gAshog sputter(v)khArej k chameha spy(n) mokhher spot(n) place laka jAsUs (v) chatal k -quare(n) chArkonj spotless(adj)bE'aib moraba. bEnocis squash(n) food kadU spout(n) Iola squat(v) sar-e dopAy shestan dahana fawAra squeak(n) chlgh (v) fawrAn k (v) chlgh zadan sprawl(v) palm shodan squeal(n) fazyAd hamwAr k (v) faryAd k/zadan spray(v)pAsh dAdan spread(v) farsh k squeeze(v) feshAr dAdan hamwAr k stab(n) zakhm zaban spring(n) wirefanar stable(n) tawela in a ear jampIng (adj) Bawl seasonbahAr stack(n) khennan waterohashma toda (v) IthEz zadan (v) toda k sprinkle(v) afshAndan staff(n) azA mEafshAnom stage(n) sahna pAsh dAdan stagger(v)lam lam raftan sprinkler(n) awpAsh stain(n) lab sprout(n) gboncha staircase(n) ana

197 198 197

stairs(n)pata-e zlna starry(adj) drokhshAn A stake(n) tlr tAbAn mEkh-e chObl start(v)shorO Wshodan stale(adj)bAal stalk(n) of a plant sAqa startle(v) takAn dAdan (v) kamln k starvation(n)goresnagi stall(n)Ab-khor goshnag stammer(v)kalAlat k starve(v)fAqa blJdanikhIdati) stamp(n) postageteket-e post

to deatha.z goresnagi mortian sealmohr (v) mohr Wzadan state(n) countrydawlat wt. AEApAy zadan ayAl at stand(n) positionestAda provincewelAyat supportestAdagi conditionhAlat (v) estAd shodan (v) bayAn k standard(n) regularmlAr statement(n)ezhAr mizAn tagrIr flagparch= statesman(n) siyAsat-m dAr balraq standing(n) estAda. zamAm-dar 1JL. rankrotba r station(n)IstgAh shohrat LL (v) tawaqof k/dAdan star(n)setAra (*J..) 1J starch(n)neshAyesta, stationaMadj) sAken (v) neshAyesta. zadan bEdlin-e ti oh stationery(n)gertAslya stare(n) negA statue(n)mojasama nazar stature(n)gad &Ian statute(n) qAntin (v) negA k

199 200 199 200

stay(v) shestan step child(n)bacha yA daltar-andar mEshInom

entezAr kashldan stepfather(n) padar-andar matel shodan step mother(n)mAdar-a-ndar steadily(adv) az ruy=e sobAt sterilize(v) taqlm k zed-e afunlk az ruy=e ostowAri stern(adj)sakht C-*Afflip yalaiawAlcht koloft steady(adj) belarAr stew(n) gums matIn stick(n) dry branch AsA ohOb steak(n) stEk khemoha steal(v)dozi k (v) -to chaspAndan dozdldan mEoha.spAriom mEdozom -into dAkhel k steam(n) bokhAr catch gereftan taft mEglrom steel(n) folAd sticky(adj) oha.spAndok steep(adj) shakl stiff(adj) sakht sar-neuheb stifle(v)khala k stem(n) sAqa silenceklamosh k tana still(adj) ArAm stenographer(n) mokhafai-nawis sAket time anOz stenography(n) mokharaf-nawIsI stimulant(n) mohayej moharek step(n) grade darn stiniuiate(v)tahrik k footqaclam stimulating(adj) bA shawq (v) qadam zadan sting(n)nosh step brother(n)bradAr-andar (v) guidon mEgazom

202 201 201 202

sting(adj)khasls Lr stony(adj) sang aUgat hard-hearted sang del sakht stool(n) chawkl stint(v) mandlid k stoop(v) tawAzo k kam k stop(v) estAd kishodan stipulate(v) short k stir(v) shor dAdan tawagof k jonbedim storage(n) zakMra mEjonbAnom godAm stirrup(n) rekAb store(n) dokAn stitch (II) kok foroshgA bakhya maghAza (v) kok zadan (v) godAm k bakhya k storehouse(n) tahwil khAna stock(n) cattle mAldArl -room godAm shares sahm stork(n)lag lag (gnat sikhleng (v) provide tahlya k storm(n) tUfAt tadArok k stormy(adj) tiJfAnI stockholder(n) sAheb-e sahm story(n)gesa stockings(n) jorAb-e zanAna hekAyat stoinach(n) shekam floormanzel mod a: storyteller(n)gesa goy stomach ache(n)deldard stout(tElj) strong claw' shekamdard mahkain medadard fattanomand stone(n) sang chAq smallsangchel stove(n) heatingboklArI -mason sangtarAshl cookingmongol -work sang-kArl eshtop with ovendAsh

203 203 204

stovepipe(n) nal-e boa/id stream(n) JUl straight(adj)rAst nahr mostaqlm street(n)Barak strain(v) filter sAf k jAda injuremina, zadan paved sarak-e pokhta exert to utmostkoshesh k sarakeqIr sarak-e dambar strainer(n) milk shIr sAf unpaved sarak-e kham teaellAy sAf street cleaner)sarak pAk riceohelawsAf tanzlfAt stiff strength(n) zOr sand00181 qowat strange(adj)ajib strengthen(v)taqwlyat k hatratAwar strenuous (adj ) bAshawq ajnabl bAzawq stranger(n) begAna stress(n)zOr 'mpg feshAr strangle(v) khafak k stretch(v) spreaddarAz k pAymAl elastickash k strap(n)tasma striet(adj)sakhtgfr band stride(n) qadam stratagem(n) ehAl gAm frob stlife(n) jang hfla jedAl strateu(n) samol-jaishl mobAreza straw(n) kAh strike(n) work stoppage atrawberry(n) tUt-e zarninl mozAhera stray(v) gomrAh shod an (v) hit zadan streak(n)khat mEzanom rag work stoppage otesAb k

205 206 ,205 206

string(n)tAr study(v) motAleha k siring bean(n) fAsollya dars khAndan strip(n) long pieceilta stuff(n) goods mAl (v) removeaz bap bordan jAydAd ji (v)fillpor k clothingloch k J stunible(v)lagitadan stripe(n) alAma mElaghzom forma tokor khordan stripes(n) qamchbi stump(n) konda strive(v)koshesh k bEkh mojAdela k stun(v) bEhosh k stroke(n) illnesssakt-e maghzl stupid(adj) ahmaq able beatzarba 01.,1 (v) touch nawAzesh dAdan aturdy(adj) cowl resolutebA'azem strong(adj) qawl stuttor(v) kalAlat k zOrAwar (n) tUtla bAgowst style(n)gem intense shadld shwa . struggle(n) mojAdela sabk (v) mojAdela, k tarz student(n) shAgerd rawesh motaialem subdue(v) ArAm k studio(n) kArgA rAm k studious(adj)kosheshl subject(n) theme MOW20 study(n) Mal academic mazmUn tallm subjugate(v)move k motAleha submerge(v) faro bordan -roomdare khAna submission(n)t: ba'Iyat

207 208 20? 208

submit(v) surrender task k successor(n)jAhneshln motawall ba'Iyat k such(adv) ainchU present arza k amchonin subscribe(v) to something eshterAk k suck(v) ehUsiadan mEchosbom subscription(n) eshterAk sudden(ad)) dafatan subside(v) faro neshastan nAgAhAna fere mEshanom suddenly(adv) yaldoAr subsistence(n) ma'Ishat nAgahA gozAra sue(v)dawA k PAltallee (n) mAda: edehA k peel suet(n) eharbu jesem domba substitute(n)kaffl suffor(v) pain ranj ka:shidan kefAlatit wekAlat k dardnAk shod an Ewaz k undergogozashtan subtract(v) in k mEgozarom kam k suffering(n)dard Jj ii subtraction(n)tafrRi ranj suburb(n)hAhlya suffice(v)kefAyat k lawn kAn bUdan succeed(v) kAmyAb ahodan bus bUdan mownfaq shodan suffioient(adj) LA11 succesafut(adj)kAmyAb bas mowafaq eugar(n)bUra succession(n) continuation palyham shakar brown gor motawAter ci hard Eland

209 210 209 210

sugar beet(n)lablahltr-e sherin sunflower(n)gol-e aftaw parast 1:411

sugar eane(n)nayshakar sunlight(n) rOshanl-e aftaw 4i1 suggest(V) pEshnehAd k suggestion(n)pEshnehAd sunny(adj) AftAhl nazarya sunrise(n) tol1J-e aftaw suicide(n)khod-koshI sunset(n)ghornb sult(n) clothesdrEshr sunshade(n) char' (v) pleasepEsand k sunstroke(n)aftawzada sultable(adj)nionAseb superficial(adj) oath! suitcase(n)baks-e solar superintend(v) nezArAt k suitor(n)talabgAr sulfur(n) gOgerd superintendent(n) rails sulk(v) oshloq k Amer kheshem superior(adj)All sulky(adj) khaaherngln mAfawq qahr superstition(n) mawhUmAt sum(n) moneymahlagh kiterAfAt majmU supervise(v)nezArat k mathematicalhesAb negarAnl k surnmer(n) tAbestAn supper(n)nAn-e show summit(n)qolla supply(n) A zoqa nok tahya awj (v) tahya k summon(v) eizA r k support(n)pUshtlbAnl sun(n) aftaw (v) pUshtlbAnl k khOrshEd supporter(h)pUshtl-bAn (v) aftaw dAdan suppose(v) thinkfarz k pEtaw k assumegomAn k sunburn(n)aftaw sokhta supreme(adj)Al! belandtarin

211 212 211 212

sure(adj) min survive(v) zenda mAndan mobnaien bAqi mAndan (v) to be yogis dAshtan suspect(n)shak (v) shak dAshtan surely(adv) yaqinan suspend(v) AwezAn k surface(n) rUy.e from schoolkhArej k Bar suspense(n)takhir sathah tawici surgeon(n)jarAh suspicion(n)Ind-gomAni surplus(n)alAwag sustain(v) Standtahamol k surprise(n)tajob supportptishtibAni k

hark I hayrAnl re Le e swallow(n) birdghochl (v) tajob k 0.1 (v) port to be surprised hayrAn mAndan shodan swamp(n) jabazAr swarm(n)khEl surprised(adj) hayrAn dusts surrender(n) taslim ezdeham balyat (v) jam, shodan (v) task k swarmed with(adj)per az surround(v) dak az mahA sera k sway(v) gAz khordan surroundings(n) atrAf jonbAndan ehAta mEjonbAnom survey(n) bA zrasf swear(v) promiseqasam khordan bAzdid sarwE cursebad goftan (It) naqsha bardA-rI k sweat(n) araq (v) araq k sarwE k sweater(n) jAkat

214 213 213 214

sweaty(adj) aragnAk symbol(n) alAma sweep(v) jArUk eshAra sweet(adj) sherin samba' for peoplemEhrabAn symbolize(v) neshAnl k sweetly(adv) bashlrini alAma zadan sweets(n) sherd sympathetic(adj)delnoz swell(v)waram k sympathize(v)hamdardl k pondIde mEpondom syphillis(n)sails swelling(n) waram syrup(n) medicinesharbat pandid a gi system(n)tarn swift(adj)jald selsela zUd systematc(adj)moratab swiftly(adv)bazUdi maims Maid UsUII swlm(v) awhAzI k swimming suit(n)mAyor swing(n)gAz T (v) gAz khordan swipe(n) zadan-e sakht table(n) mEz switchen) swech table oloth(n)ear-mEzI (v) awed k for the floordastarkhAn changetabdfl k tablet(n) metal, inscribedlawha swollen(adj) pondlda. medicineVII swoop(v) qapIdan tAblet mEciapom tack(n)kOka aword(n) ahamshEr tadpole(n)chlIcha-e bacia taiwAr tail(n)dean sycamore(n)panja cheaAr sheepdomba

215 216 215 216

take(v) carrybordan tape measure(n)metr-e fita-I mEbarorn

getgereftan tape recorder(n)tEp rEdArdar mEgirom Welt)gesa tape(n) scotch-eskAch tEp hekAyat talent(n) estedAd tape wonn(n)kerm-e kadodAna zakAwat talk(n)gap tar(n)qir sohbat tartadj) Ahesta (v) gap zadan tAkhir sohbat k target(n)hadaf tall(adj) Deland neshAna human gad beland task(n) wazIfa tallow(n) charbU tassel(n) pOpak tambur(n) tambUr taste(n) foodmaza tame(adj)rAm lezat (v) rAm k aesthetics salIga. tan(adj) colorkhormA-e shawq (v) leather dabAghl k (v) maza k tangle(n) jar chaskian darham mEchashom (v) tax(n)mAlyAt tangerine(n) kInO (v) malya. gereftan santara. taxi(n)take' tank(n) tAnk Jib tea(n) chAy makiman-e ow teach(v)dam dAdan top(n) water shirtiAn teacher(n)mAlsm sound tak tak Ustkd (v) strike zadan tea cup(n)&Ala mEzanom

218 217 217 218

teahouse(n) chAy khAna temperature(n)harArat samawAr daraja-e harArat tea kettle(n) chAy jOsh tempest(n) tUfAn team(n) tim temple(n) religiousmabad teapot(n) chAynak foreheadshall° tear(n) -drop ashk temporary(adj) motaqatI (v) rippAra k tempt(v) waswAs k tease) do bad tamaskhor k temptation(n) waswAs ten(npadj)dah 'Ii te hnloal(adj)fad tenant(n)kerAyaneahin takimiii mostajer technician(n) tnaykhAnnt tend (v) incline towardsmotamAel shodan technique(n) fan teeth(n) dandAnA tendeney(n)tamAyol 114: telegram(n)telegrAm tender(adj) meatnarm telegraph(n)telegrAf ILAzok (v) telegrAf k tenderness(n) kindnesslotf LiU shafaqat telephone(n)telefUn donenessnand telescope(n) dUrbin nAzoki tell(v) kaftan tense(adj) salcht mEgom hayajAn qesa k (n) verb- zamAn temper(n) mezAj tension(n) kashesh kholq tent(n)khalma khashm khergA temperance(n) EtedAl ghedjdl mlyAnarawl term(n) wordestelAh temperate(adj) motadel school semestitr molAem dawn period modal 220

219 219 220

terrace(n) dandAna theater(n) drama derAm r.) (v) martabadAr bUdan tjlytIJ sahna-e bradl theft(n) clod terxible(adj) mokhawef their(pron) az UnA tarsnAk az eshAn besyAr bad them(pron) UnA-ra terrify(v) tarsAndan theme(n) subject mawzU mEtarsAnorn compositionmagAla Ji terrortn) wahshat melodynaghma khawt themselves(pron) khodestA n test(n) emtehAn then(adv) pas AzmAyesh Anwakht (V) emtehAn k theology(n) studysharayAt AzmUdan theoretical(adj)!marl mEAzmAyom theory(n) nazarya testify(v) shahAdat dAdan there(adv) Usja text(n) bookmath therefore (adv) az An sabab mazmUn than(conj) az thermometer(n) mlzAnol harAra nesbat Li' thank(v) tashakor k thennos(n)tarmUz thank you tashakor these(pron) mA thanksgiving(n) shokorgozArI they(pron) UnA EshAn sepAsgozAri thick(adj)dabal that(pron) U lok kE zakhzn thaw(v) aw shodan tlra zawb shodan thiclmess(n) lokki theater(n) moviesslnon4 zakhAmat tlragl

272

221 221 222

thief(n) doz J'et' threat(n) tandld thigh(n) rAn 01) threaten(v)tandid k 6111(04lAgt ar three(adj,n)sE nAzok fjb -fold sE lA bArfk thresh(v)Wigan thing(n) chlz mEkDbom ahal Lr thrift(n) sarfajUI think(v) faker k thrifty(adj)turf* third(adj) sEyom thrt11(n) larza -classsenf-e sEyorn ehtezAz thirst(n)toshnagl throat(n) golUn thirsty(adj)toshna throne(n) takht thirteenk,adj) sEzdah throng(n) ezdehAm thirtjr(rocij)sI through(prep)bawaseta tbia(pron) Li az awal tA Akher thorn(n)khAr throughout(prep)sartAsar thorny(adj)khArtiAr throw(v) andAkbtan thorough(adj) pora mEandAzom kArnelan thumb(n) fingershut tamArnan thunder(n) ral ad thoroughly(adv)kAmelan bAba ghorghorI tantAman Thursday(n)panj-shambE those(pron) UnA thus(adv) Diebonin though(adv)garchE ticket(n)teket agarchE tide(n)mado-jazer thought(n) faker tidy(adj) bA sareshta tboughtful(adj) motel aker pAkIza thoughtless(adj)bEfeker tie(n) necktienektAyl thousand(adj,n) azAr (v) baste k thread(n)tAr tiger(n) palang naith baber

2 23 223 224

tig,ht(ad)) too smalltang tired (ad j) mAnda tltly(adv) baton khasta basaltlia tiresome(adj)khastakon tile(n) kAshi-kAri tiring(adj)khastakon tiles(n) sang-a kheshtl title(n) book enwAn sang-e farsh person laciab till(adv, prep) to to(prep)ba ElA dar tA-wakhtE toad(n) kOrbacja timber(n) chOb toast(n) breakfasttOst tir nan-e kakrak time(n) wakht tobacco(n) tarnbAkU zamAn today(n) emrOz what- oh! wakht toe(n) angosht-e pAy times(n) zamAn together(adj) yakjAy arithmeticzarb bAham data toilet(n) kamCii timid(adj)tarsU lavatorytashnAb bozdel (v) to go to jawAb-e chAy raftanA3 tin(n) goal tiny(adj) rEza toilet paper(n)kAghaz-e tashnab Mord

kochak tolerable(adj) gAbel-e gOzAra tlp(n) moneybakshesh

(v) spillchapa kishodan ciAbel-e tahamol tolerate(v)tahamol k tiptoe(v) ba pmja rattan toleration(n)tahamol tire(n) autotayr toll(n) farebegot UbUr (v) °IV 3J khasta kishodati tomato(n)banjAn-e rUml

mAnda bUdan 0J)1 4 .1;1A tomb(n) mazAr

225 2,6 225 226

tomb(n) matAr top(n) ear mugged r SarP0811 maghara topic(n) mawzo tomorrow(n) sabA torch(n) mash' al fardA torment(n) shekanja sOb (v) kekanja k day after palm* tornado(n) gerdbAd three days from now sE rOz hAd torrent(n) sEl-Aw tonid(adj) dAgh tal(n)tin sozAn azArkflO tortoise(n) sanghaqa, ttee(n) AwAz torture(n)ranj sor zajer (v) sor k I) (v) ranj dAdan tongue(n) zabAn AzAr Udall tonio(n)dawA-e mogawi toss(v)partAb k andatan tonight(n) emshaw total(n, adj) majmo' a too(adv) am touch(v) dart k/zadan nlz

-mud ziyAd tarnAs WdAshtan tool(n) afzAr

sAmAn touh(adj)sakht asbAb sakht-sar tooth(n)dandAn tour(n) davrra. toothache(n) dandAndard safar dard-e dandAn (v) safar k tooth brush(n)bors-e dandAn tourist(n)torlst maswAk palling& tooth pick(n) dandAn khelAl saykh 227 228

tourtament(o)mosAbeqa train(n)rEl

towards(prep)ba tarafe (F) yAd dAdan towel(n) dasbmAl thrblya k qadIfa traitor(n) IthAtex rUl-pAk JthiAnat'kAr tower)borj tramp(n) vagrantAwAra town(n) shahr sargardAn toy(n)bAzicha walkhawA-khUrl bAzich-e atiAl (F) walkqadam zadan sAinAn-e bAzi transact(v) molAmela k trace(n)asar dAdo sotod k (v) agarzatan transaction(n) moAmela taqthk dAdo sotod track(n) maulasar transfer(v)nagel dAdan pal harakat ado railway rAh-e Ahab tandli klshodan religious tawlz (v) dantAl rattan transform(v)tandll k tractor(n)tarAlctor taghlre shekel dAdan trade(n)tejArat (v) commercetejA rat k translate(v)tarjorna k exchangemobAdela k tranlalion(n)tarjoma trader(n)tAjer transparent(adj) shafAf sawtApr tranaplant(v)nehAl ahAndan 0 tradesman(n)kasaba-kAr maAzadAr transport(v)honk tradition(n) rasm o rawAj mEharom trafflc(n) raft Amad hamel k trAfik transportation(n) hamlo-nagel tragedy(n)gham-o-ando trap(n)talak moslbat dAm

229 229 230

trap(v)dAm shAndan triangle(n)mosalas travel(n) safar sE.konja (v) safer k tribe(n)gam traveller(n)mosAfer tribal(j) qawm tray)pitfalls IthEI majma tribute(n) ltherAj treacherous(adj)khiyAnat-kAr bAj jazya treason(n)khlyAnat trick(n) chAl ghader mak treasure(n)ganj (v) freb dAdan kbazAna trifling(adj)Joel treasuq(n)IdiazAna-dAri trigger(n)mAsha treatroent(n)raftAr trim(adj) neatsilk pErhAmad ArAsta medicalmAleja (v) cut offboresh k tadawl trip(n)safer trealy(u)qarArdAd tripod(n)sE pAya moAhe:la triamph(n)zafar tree(n)darakht (v) fat k tremble(v)tango trivlal(adj)joz'I mElarzom nActiz treroandous(adj)bozorg be'ahmiTat favgiolAda AJLJ troop(n)delta tremor(n) slight earthquake larzesh lashkar tropical(adj)ostowA'l talan hAra trespass(n) offencetajAwoz trot(v)chArnal raftan (v) tajAwoz k trouble(n)taklif trial(n) lawmobikems zahrnat tribulation AztaAyieb

232 231 232

trousers(n)patlUn Tuesday(n) sE-shambE Afghan tombAn tulip(n)'Ala EzAr wild sosan truck(n)JMI tumerio(n) zarchOba ehakla kne(n)moqAm true(adj)rAst AwAz sahib tunnel(n) tUnai truly(adv)barAstt turban(n)long haqlqat dastAr trumpet(a)trompet turkey(n)fflmorgh trunk(n) treetana-e darakht turn(n)nobat dawra travelbaks (v) dawr kbordan Adan box sandal trust(n) beliefeteinAd turnip(n)shalgiam etebAr turquoise(n)feroza truth(n) rAst1 turret(n)bAmbUtl halqat borj truthfal(adj)rAst kAr turtle(n) sangbaqa sAdeq tusk(n)ashk-e ill try(v) attempt koshesh k Aj testerntehAn k tutor(n)mAlem tub(n) tasht twelve(n,adj)dowAzda tasht-e ghosol twenty(n,adj)bist taslit-e hamArn twiee(adv) du dafa tube(n)iota bAra nal twin(n) dUgana inner-tUb twinkle(v) chashmak zadan tubereulosis(n)sEl tuck(n) kOk twist(v)pEch k bakhya dawr khonlan

234 233 233 234

twist(v) pEchldan unable(adj) n4tawAn mEpEchom (v) natawAnestan two(n,adj) dU natawAnestoni type(n) sortqesem unaccomtable(adj) bEhesAb printingchAp un mous(adj) mowAfeq (v) tap k unawaro(adj) bEkhabar typewriter(n) uneertOn(alj)mashtkVk uncle(n) paternal kAkA typing paper(n)Irlighaz-e tarp maternalmAmA unclean(adj) nApAk typhold(n) mereqa najes typhus(n)homAy-e lakadAr uncomfortable(adj) nArAm nArAhat moreqa uncommon(dj)ghair MI tyranny(n) zolrn unconscious(adj)bEhtleh setam bEkhabar estebdAd uncover(v) discloseloch k zajer under(prep) zEr-e tyrant(n) zAlem tahte setamgAr underclothes(n)zerjAma banyAn underground(adj) zEr-e zamlni U

underneath(prep)zEr-e ugliness(n)badrang understand(v) fAmidan ugly(adj)bad rang mEfamom ultimate(adj) ashi I don't=ma namEfamom Ailed!) jt understanding(n) fahm ultimattun(n)pEshnehAde qataq dAnesh undertake(v)baiohda gereftan umbrella(n)chatd unable(adj) nAtawAn

23 236 235 236

undertake(v) ba zenia gereftan unlque(adj) yaktA yagAna underwear(n)banyAn unit(n) wAbed zerjAma unite(v) etehAd k zerpEranl yakjA k nneasy(adj)nAgarAr universal(ad)) UmlJini nArAm jahAn1 unemPloyed(adj)bEkAr unlverse(n)Alam unemployment(n)bEkArl university(n) pohantUn uneven(adj) nAharawAr dAne_shgAh unexpected(adj) ghalr-e motarageba unjuat(adj)bElensAf unldnd(adj)nAmehrabAn unexpeotedly(adv) nAgahAn1 tobown(adj) nAinAlUm uzfaithful(adj) bEwafA tmless(eon))magar unfair(adj) bEt ensAf amA dar sUratekE unfit(adj)nAmonAseb unlike(adj)bE-.shabAhat unfold(v) wAz k unload(v)idiAlI k unforeseen(adj)pEshbliii nashoda unlucky(adj)bEtAIE kambaldit imfortmate(adj)badbakht unneeessaly(a.dj) ghalr-e lAzemI bEtAlE unhappy(adj) deg cj unpack(v) wAz k bah impleasant(adj) bad temperedbadkhliy jegerkhUn Azorda nApesand unifonn(n)lebAs-e rasmi tutreasenable(adj) nAmonAseb I. unImportut(adj)bEahinlyat mall" union(n) etehAdya nAmagtil ctefAq unroll(v)lola re wAz k laboretehAdya-e kArgar

237 238 237 238

wiseen(adj) nMlda urinate(v)edrAr k unsuccessful(adj) nAkArn 1Sb jawAb-e chAy k pasImAnda urine(n)edrAr untilanep) tA us(pron)mArA tA kE b use(n)estEmAl unusual(adj) ajlb (v) estEmAl klshodan el& Adl J 1; unwise(adj) nAdAn 1J useful(adj) moftd up(prep, adv) bAIA V 1, usefulness(n)fAyda uphill(adj) sarbAlA raftan 111r usual(adj)batawr-e MI upon(prep)bar usually(adv) aksaran ba UmUman upper(adj) bALk L, utens11(n) eatingzarf uprising(n)shoresh CT*: asbAb baiwA utfllze(v) estEmAl k uproar(n)ghoighela &la ba kAr andAkitan ghAlmagliAl utmost(adj)ba montahA daraja upset(adj)klida w qahr J upside-down(adj) sarnEgUn sarchapa V upstairs(adj) bAIA tabaqa-e bAIA. vaeant(adj) khAlI upward(prep) bAIA bEkAr ha taraf-e bAIA IAItU urge(v) esrAr k vacate(v)NUJ sAkhtan urgent(adj) fawrl vacatton(n)rOkisatl zarUr vaccinate(v) Abela-k111 k urinal(a) bawl dAn1

khAl zadan

240 239 239 240 vacuum(n) khalA vegetation(n) nabAtAt vacuum cleaner(n) JArU-e velvet(n) bakhmal vengeance(n) entegArn vague(adj)majhUl ventilate(v) hawA dAdan vainly(adv) bEfAyda hawA ra taagya chaff ventilation(n)jIrlAn-e hawA valley(n) tiara veranda(n)baranda valuahlar(adj) arzeshdAr takiebAm slimed verb(n) fEl grAn-bahA verbal(adj) shefAhi ?alue(n) arzesh zabAn1 (v) arzesh dAdan verge(n)kenAr gazAwat k verse (n) shEr appraise arzesh dAdan nazm ranilia(n) wanelA very(adv)besyAr ranish(v) gom ahodan khEli mahw shodan vessel(n)kAsa rapor(n) bokhAr zarf taft vest(n) wAskat 'ariety(n) nwA vexation(n) Azordagl .arious(adj) mokhta ef ranjesh 'anr(v) tabd11 k via(prep) az rAh-e. taghlr dAdan 0.1 Li az tarIgE ase(n) goldArd .1 vibrate(v) ehtezAz k aseline(n) wAdllnIj larzAndan marham mElarzAnom ast(adj) bozorg vibration(n) ehtezAz egetable(n)tarkArl Ls.X5.;--; vice(n) evil alb .sabzljAt deputy wall sabzl Lcr-s mAwen

242 241 241 242

atrAf villa(n) A&hel vicinity(n) Oj nezdW village(n) deh mojAwerat gam vicious(J)shark sharir rr mokhel fAsed labia vine(n) tAk-e angUr i-S victim(n)gorbAn vinegar(n) serka angUrbAgh fedA vineyard(n) LLLL; victor(n)Mteh vfolate(v)tdhalof k U mozafar tajAwoz k t.; victorlons(adj) fAteh violence(n) shedat PEroz jaber shadid victory(n) lath violent(adj) gad sakht afar violet(n) flowerbenafsha benaish vie(v) regAbat k (adj) color harachashmi k waylon view)nazar delrOba dId -virgIn(n) dUshlza mum. bAkera landscapemanzara dOlitar-e khAna (v) dldan virtue(n) tagwA mEhinom pAlmafsi vlgor(n)goat virtuous(adj) pAk-dAman zOr parhezgAr vigorous(adj) gowatinand visa(n) wlza zorAwar vislble(adj) ciAbel-e did vile(adj)past namUdAr sofla vision(n) binAll villa(n) khAna tasawor mantel

243 244 243 244

visit(n) mobkqAt vow(v) and k ayAdat gam khordan (v) molAgAt k vowel(n) arf-e wAwol visitor(n)molAgAt konenda voyage(n) safar*e daryAI vital*hayAti vulgarity(n)past! zarUri vulture(n)kaki° vitamin(n) witArnin vIvid(adj) shafAf wAz)Et w vocabulary(n)loetAt vocal(j) sawtl wade(v) az aw gOzar k vocatice(n) thoghl mast& wag(v) takAn dAdan voice(n) AwAz wage(n) mozd sadA mAsh

volcanic(adj)AtEshfeabial taLikhA

volcano(n) AtEsh-feshAn wagon(n) horse gAdi volume(n) amounthojm mankarAchl megdAr JILJ wAgun book fold waii(v) nAla k JL voluntaxy(adj) ekhtlyArl IS)Lia`i mAtam gereftan 0-:jrf r;La dAUtalab.1% waist(n) bur volunteer(n)dAlitalab I .1 wait(v) entezAr kashidan/blidan )ki deIh oIçjj (v) UtitalabI k )JS '`AIJ montazer bUdan 0J)-4 r" vomit(v) estefrAq k ir.41 walter(n) pEsh Ithedmat vote(n) ray J waiting rompotAq-e entezAr )11.J 3 (v) ray dAdan vow(n) and waitress(n)khadama gasam pEsh kbedmat sawgan

24 6 245 246

wake up(v) bEdArk/shod warmth(n)garral harArat walk(v) plyAda raftan warn(v) akhtAr dAd an rAh raftan naslhat k pleasureqadam zadan warting(n) AgAhi (n) rAh althtAr gardosh nasthat wall(n)diwAr warrior(n)sax Az wallet(n)basalt mObArez baks-e JEbI wash(v)shoshtan walnut(n) chArmaghz mEshoyom wander(v) AwAra shodan selfOosol k want(n) Wash (n) clothesshosto-sho Arzo waahable(adj) (Abel-a shosht need zarUrat washcloth(n)klsa (v) desire hAesh k II' Ithastan wasp(n) zambUr rnEkbAyom waste(n) talaf war(n)jog (v) talaf k mobAreza zAya k ward(n) politicalnAliya wasbasket(n)kIghazdAal wardrobetn) anwArl watch(n) timepiece sAt anwArl-e lebAs lookoutkeshek ware(n)mAl (v) morAgebat k matA khabar gereftan warehouse(n) ambAr spectatortamAshA k tahwil khAna watch maker(n)sAt-sAz godAm watchman(n) pAsbAn warm(adj)garm nEgAbAn dAgh water(n) aw (v) garm k (v) aw dAdan

247 2 247 248

water buffalo(n) iS gawniEsh wealthy(adj) dawlatmand water color(n)rang-e AbI (Awl) I Oani weapon(n) asleha IJ I water container(n) awdAn salAh 0 waterfall(n) sharshara harba waterheater(n) small for tea.awgarmI (741 wear(v)poshidan mEposhom large bAylar-e bug' weary(adj) -mAnda watering pot(n) awAsh khasta watermelon(n) tarbUz weather(n),hawA waterproof(adj) wAtar prUf awzA-e jawl wave(n) mawj Abo-hawA (v) eshAra k weave(v) bAftan wax(n) shahrn mEbAfom Intim fr-1 web(n) tAr-e jolA way(n) rAh 0 weding(n) arUsi manner tawr nEkAh tariq wedge(n) fAna we(pron) mA Wednesday(n) chAr-shambE weak(adj) zaif weed(n) alaf kanizOr kheshAwa Ajez 'v) kheshAwa k weaken(v) zalf shodan/sAkhtan week(n)hafta weekly(ady) haftawAr weakness(n) zOf ar hafta: nAtawAnl weep(v) geryAn k zaM geristan karn zorl mEgeryom wealth(n) sarwat weeping willow(n) majnit bid.3.--x dawlat

249

250 249 250

weigh(v) tol k osirs Jr; whenever(adv) arwakht weight(n) wazen ai) argAh zarilyat where(adv) kojA welcome(n) esteqbAl JLJ whereabouts (adv) bakojA khoshAmadid wherever(adv) arjA (v) khoshAmadid goftan jr whether(adv) AyA whioh(adj,pron)kodAm welfare(n) refA oLj1 whichever(adv) arkodAm AaAesh 1 while(conj) waldite kE well(adj) healthy pr InekE khtb whirasioal(adj)botawas tandrost whine(v) nAla k west(n)gharb whip(n) qamehin maghrebI tAzyAna. western(adj)gharbi UI shallAq rnaghrebl or (v) qamehin zadan wet(ad)tar whisper(v) pospos k martljb whistle(n)eshpelAq what(adhpron) oho (v) eshpelAq k whatever(adj,pron) arche white(adj) safEd wheat(n) gandom who(pron) ki wheel(n) arAba whoever(pron) aria charkh whole (ad j) tamAm wheelbarrow(n) zanbel-e arAbadAra---), kol I Marna wheel chair(n) ehawki-e arAbadArtlirt wholesome(adj) sAlem L gUArA c when(adv) wakht-e kE whoily(adv) tamAman question ohiwaklit bakoll LILL. kal whom(pron)larA I to-bakl

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whose(pron) az kI wlnd(n) shamAl whooping cough(n) sIyA sulfa bAd why(adv) cherA (v) -upkOk k wick(n)palta windmill(n) AsyA-e bAdI winked (ad j) zesht window(n)lona bad panjara wide(adj) bardAr windy(adj)tUtAnI wasI wine(n) sharAb widow(n) bEwa wAyn width(n) bar wing(n) bAl arz Ji par wos' at wink(n) chashmak wife(n) khAnom (v) chachmak klzadan zawja wild(adj)wahihI La-) winter(n) zemestAn v) goad wipe(v) pAk k khAhesh sAff k (n) document wiyat nAma "IL wire(n) slm (v) land awAnI k willful(adj)khodray wireless(n) rAdIG willing(adj)rAzI bEsim khAhAn wirelike(adj) wirysimi willingly(adv) LLM wisdom(n) aol ba rezA'Iyat kherad willow(n)bid dAnesh weeping- majnUn bid IL.r;=fd wise(adj)dAna wilt(v) pad j11101%18 shcdan Ariel win (v) bord an kheradmand mEbarom wish(n) khAhesh wince(v) ramIdan Arzo mErarnotu (v) khAstan

InEkhAyom

253 254 253 254

wistful(adj)moshtAq wonder(v) tahajob k Arzomand wonderful(adj) ajib wlt(n) ITlazAq wondrous(adj) ajib fahm halratAwar witeh(n) zan-e makAr wonIt(v) I namEkb4yom sAhera Arzo nadAram with(prep) bA wood(n) chOb ararAye wood cutter(n)chOb shekan kat-e wooded(adj) jangaldAr pEsh-e wooden (ad j) chObl withdraw(v)pas gereftan woods(n) jangal wlthhold(v) bAz dAshtan wool(n) pashm drek pat within(prep)dAkhel woolen(adj) pashmI darUn word(n) loghat mAbayn kalErna without(prep) bEdUn-e lafz bE work(n)kAr withatand(v) mogAwemat k aural (v) kAr k witness(n) person shAhed work day(n)rOz-e kAr testimony gUwAh o rOz=e -rum' (v) shahAdat dAdan workman(n) kArgar witty(adj) latifago workmanship(n)kArgari wizard(n) jAdtigar JJJL workshop(n) warkshAp woe(n) gharn mestad khAna and oh world(n) donyA wolf(n) gorg jahAn woman(n) zan Alam wonder(n) tahajob worldlthess(n) donyAdArl haIrat

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worldly(adj) mAd1 wreck(v)walrAn k donyawl wrench(n) reach worm (n) kerm wrestle(v)koshtl gereftan worn(adj) old kOna wrestler(n) pAhlawAn dAghma wretched(adj)bEchAra worn-out(adj) farsilda badbakht worried(adj) pEreshAn wrinkle(n)qAt worq(n)ghosa ehoTraold feker wrist(n)band-e dast (v) tashwlsh k wrist watch(n) sAt-e dastl Oosa k write (v) naweshtan worse(adj) badta.r mEnawlsom worship(v) namAz inn* nawesht k ebAdat k writer(n)nawisenda parastesh k 0-) writings(n)bat EhterArn k Ij 1 naweshta worst(adj) badtarin written(adj)khatl worth(n) arzesh qalami qader wrong(adj) bad bad worthless(adj)bEglinat kharAb kharAb mistakenglialat wound (n) zakhrn (n) mistake6alati (v) zakinn k eshtebAh woven(adj) bAftagi bAfta wrap(v)pEch dAdan lola k wreath (n) ek111 x-ray(n)ekseris homAfel (v) aks gereftan wreek(n) wairAn ItharAbi

256 257 257 258

y yield(v) surrendertaalIm Wahadan

yard(n) land awli yogurt(n)mAs L. aarAy Ls yoke(n) yUgh hayAta yolk(n) zardl-e tokhm yarn(n) wool pastrin you(pron) intimatetU tAr formal shomA Und yourself(pron)khod-e shomA yawn(n) fAja khodet (v) fAja kashldan young(adj) jawAn year(n) sAl Jr--- bacha last- pArsAl J1jk youngster(n) jawAn bacha sAl-e gOzashta JL your(pron) az tU next- sAl-a Ayenda jL. az shomA this- emsAl youth(n) jawAni yearly(adv) sAlAna youthful(adj) jawAn yearn(v)Arzo k yeast(n)mAya khan* torah Lir; re' khamir mAya yellow(adj) zard zeal(n) ghalrat yes(adv)balE 4 hemmat yesterday(n) dIrOz JD-1J zawq day before-parerOz Jirr zealous(adj)bAghairat three days ago sE rOz pEsh 0-4:0) ' bAhemmat bAzawq yet(oonj, adv)tA hAlE zealously(adv) ghoyUrAna anOz zebra(n)gOra khar yield(v) give y 1J dAdan zero(n) safer mEtom

259 259 zest(n) zawq raghbat zinc(n)Jost zigzag(adj)kai-o-pEch zinnia(n) Adam chera zipper(n) zanjir zone(n) mantaqa zoo(n) bAgh-e wash zoology(n)halwAn-shenAsi

2C1 260 261

Idioms khAn-e azlz ma-ra goft kE Umarlz shod.

kbAn-e kas-e hada (dOkhtar) shod an, Azti's wife told me hewas sick.

When a woman gives birth to a child, one khAn-e kas=e kharAb shodan doesn't mention thewoman directly, but instead says that the house had a child. The This refers to the dying ofa wife, substitution of house ovoids explicitmention of the Woman. sAl gozashta khAn-eanwar kharAb shod.

khAn-e azlz tefol mEsha. Anwar's wife died last year,

Aziz's wife is going to havea child. khAn-e kas-e sareshta dAshtan1

khAn-e karim dOkhtar (back) shod. This means that a wife is organized andneat.

Karim's wife had a girl (boy). khAn-e haflz besyAr sareshta dAra.

Often women are talked about obliquely (by Hafiz's wife is an excelnt housekeeper. men) in this manner; one talks abouta friend's louse", not his wife, khanok Ithordan to be cold In Dan, one is actively cold, rather than khAn-e shomA nAn-e khub pate, mEkona, simply "being" cold; literally,one eats cold,

Your wife cooks well. khanok mElthorom., I am cold. khAn-e rahlm mazlir rafts,

da bErUn U khanok khord. Rahim's wife went to Mazar. He was cold outside.

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-yakh kadan This is also used for"to be cold", but chiefly in the past tense.

dirOz ma yakh kadom. I was cold yesterday.

- gaml kadan to be warm Being warm is alsoan active processir one "makes heat''.

garmi mEkonorn. I am hot.

shomA cherA garmi kadEn?

Why were you warm?

ba cheshmor ba sar o cheshm

Often said when acknowledginga command or a request from a superior.It means that one will carry out the request at allcost.

payda shodan Often used when telling whereone can find something, where it "is found". Used chiefly inthe present tense.

Teke watanI dajAd-e malwand payda mEsha.

You can find Afghan materialon Jad-e Maiwandi

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sAmAnhA-e barii da kojA payda mEsha? gesa-e kas-e molt Ride Said when someone's words anddeeds are Where can I find electric parts (things)? without value in relation toother's, when what someone says or does is worthless. yAft shodan Also commonly used when telling where something yea-0 adz molt as. Can be found, What Aziz says is ofno value. Don't listen to him. ka1A-e kWh da hazAr yAft mEsha.

qesare kas-e molt shodan You can find goad clothes in the bazar, This is also commonly used.

balad bUdan pEsh-e ma gesare UnA molt shod. To know one's way around a place.

They lost their crediblity withme. da herat ma balad astom.

-terkiiod-a Awaf4n I how my way around Herat. To avoid somethingor someone.,

U da kabul balad nEs. wakht-e kE 1.1-ra dIdom,ma ter-e khod-a Awardom. He doesn't know his way around kAbul. When I saw him, I avoided him.

balad shodan This means U az maktab ter-e khod . Award. to get to know one's way arounda place.

He avoided the school, chand rOz bAdma da kabul balad shodom.

az ma shomA cherA arrOz ter-e khod-a After a few days I got to know my way around mEyarEn? Kabul. Why do you avoidme everyday?

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- ter kadan to get rid of hide - deg Awardan to be sad, here an activeprocess. mAlem Amad; U-ra ter kCnEn.

U da maktab deg Award. The teacher's here. Get rid ofit. He was depressed at school.

UnA me-re da bayn-e jangal ter kadan. ma aga tanhA bAshom, deg mEyaroni.

They hid me in the forest. I will be depressed if Iam alone.

- chat kadan This has the posht-e chlz gashtan same meaning as the above, To pursue,or to follow up.

1-ra chet VIE% shAgerdAn poahte dars namEgardan. Get rid of this.

The students don't pursue their studies. cheshmhA-e kas-e rOshan bUdan

kas-e key poshtesh gashta? Said to someone who has justreceived a guest, a letter, or a present; someone, for theabove When has anyone concerncl l'irnself with it? reasons, should have "bright eyed'.

poshtesh nagard. cheshmhA-et rOshan. Don't pursue It. Your eyes are bright.

gOrnesh k0 Forget it! khosh AmadEn Welcome

U-ra gOniesh kO. ba khAn-e mA khosh AmadEn, Forget it,

Welcome to our house.

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sAt terI fun, recreation da wakht-e dars shAgerdAfaqat sAtee khod-a ter mEkonan. da mEla arqesm sAt ter' bUd.

During class, the students justpass their time. There was all kinds of fun at thepicnic.

zlyAd kAr nakOnEn. sAt=e lthod-ater kOnEn. sAt torI kadan to play, to pass one's time happily. Don't work too hard. Passyour time pleasantly.

hAd az chAr baja mA da bAghsAt tort kadEm. yak sAt ter Adam

This is a person who is alwayshappy; one who We played in the garden after 400. knows how to havea good time,

sAt-e kas-e ter bUdan sar-e kas-e nAwakht ahodan When someone's timepasses pleasantly; In Dori, one isn't late; it becomeslate on one. when one has funor enjoys oneself. This isa passive construction. sAt nadAshtom, lezAsar-e ma nAwakht shod,

aga UnJA borEn, sAt-e shornA teras. I didn't have a watch so Iwlate.

If you go there, you will havefun. khodA kona kE.. Impersonal form of "to hope". Used with wakht-e kE tU arnrA-e ma bUdI, sAt-e ma 'ho' form. ter bUd.

khodA kona kE da mtehan kArnyAbShawem. When you were withme, I enjoyed myself.

I hope I pass the test. aAt-e lthod-a ter kadan The active form of the above;to pass one's khodA kona kE Unara. time. I hope he doesn't go.

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OmidwAr bUdan Personal bare dU rOz UnA shekamraw bUdan. form of "to hope". Used withthe '113' form.

They had diarrea for two days. OmldwAr astErn kE shornA ha khAn-emA byAyEn. *to become sick withan illnes, use ' shodant We hope you come toour house. with whatever illness needed.

SICRIESS wakht-e IcE ma nAn-e shawl'khorclom, deldard shodem. Generally, in Englishone has an ailment, while in Dari, one IS that ailment. I got a stomach ache when I ate dinner.

sar dard bUdan to have a U az dare dAdan ear dard mEsha. headache.

He gets a headache from teaching. dIrOz ma sar dard bUdom.

AwAza andAkhtan Yesterday I hada headache. To spread rumors, del dard(shekaia `dard)bUdan da tAbestAn random besyArAwAza. andAkhtan.

To have a stomach ache, During the summer people spreadmany rumors.

ShomA del dard astEn? = khosh-e kas Amadan

A passive construction for "to like%Used Do you have a stomach ache? with bound pronouns.

ehekam raw (pEch) bUdan Ab o awA-e sAlang khosh-emrnEAya. To have diarrea,

I like the Salang's climate.

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kabAb. khosh-etAn mEAya? sar-e takht-e khaw darAz bEkashEn.

Do you like kebAb? Lie down on the bed,

U kctAb khosh-e mA nAmad. parwA nadAshtan/ nabUdan To not matter. We didn't like that book.

parwA nadAra.. aw bAzi nosh-a IsmAel Amad, It doesn't matter.

Ismael liked swimming. parwA nEs. It doesn't matter. - awqAt-e kas=e talkh bUdan To be a combination ofcross and unhappy. - farq nakadan is also common.

bAd az tropes besyAr awqAt-em talkh bUd. bare ma farq namEkona. It doesn't make a differenceto me. I was very cross after themeeting,

gharaz gereftani dAshtan wakht-e kE U amrA-emOdir sAheb gap zad To bother or to disturb.Used mainly in the awqAt-esh talkh shod. present tense.

When he talked with the principal, he became karlm da kAr-ema gharaz mEglrai cross.

Karim bothers me inmy work. darAz kashidan to lie down,or to stretch out. da ma gharaz naglrEn.

ma darAz k:;h1clom. Don't bother me (inmy work) I lay down

273 273 bAsyW-a tAn-pLAJAbbmAnEn; kas-e g;haraz namEgIra..

Leave your bicycle here;no one will bother it.

mardom da khArejIgharaz nadAran.

People don't bothera foreigner.

also- rna-ra gharaznEs. It's nothing tome. Don't bother me.

felAni so and so

U ma-ra goft kE felitniba Ana Amae,

He told me that so andso came to the house.

da felAni wakht at such and sucha time

da felAni jay at such and sucha place

pinak1 raftan to drift off to sleep unintentionally; to nod off.

mOtarwAn pinakl mEraft. The driver was nodding off

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teka teka to be broken azIz jai,vAnIkad wa pays-c nAn-e mA-radAd. into little piece

Aziz paid for our food. sAtern teka teka shod. My watch broke into little pieces, ba tti chi? What's it to you?

aga etlyAt nakOnEn, teka teka mEsha. -ba ma. oh!? What's it to me?

If you are not careful, it will breakinto little enikAn dAshtan To have a pieces1 chance; to be possible. Alwaysconjugated in the third person singular, witha '1301 form teka teka also means to be verb following. extremely tired; to be "beat%

emkAn dAra kE sObma ha mazAr borom. ma az dars dAdan teka teka, astom,

There is a chance I willgo to Mazar in th I am beat from teaching, morning.

jawAnl kadan This is when emkAn nadAra kE shomA daemtehAn kAmyAb a person tries to pay a restaurant billor other shawEn. such expense for his friends. Thisaccounts for the pushing and shoving one sees in bazAr.res- There is no chanceyou will pass the test. taurants as everyone tries topay; it also means to do a big favor. etemAl dAshtan to be probable; used the sameway as enikAn dAshtan, shomA javvAnI nakOnEn. emrOzpaysa-ra ma mEtom. etemAl dAra ILEshomA IJ-ra blbinEn.

Don't try to pay, Today I will pay, You will probably see him.

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-shak dAshtan to doubt, sar-e kas-e kAr kadan To have someone do something, mA shak dArErn kE U ba arnrikAbora, mAlem sar-e bachA tekrAr kad, We doubt he will go to America.

The teacher had the boys repeat, taloq dAshtan to belong to,

azlz sar-e assad yak ketAb-enaw I ketab ba ma talog dAra.,

Aziz had Assad buy hima new book, This book belongs tome.

ma sar-e Ashpaz-e k_hod yak takht-e khaw U bAysekel ba azlz taloq nadAra. payda mEkonom.

That bicycle doesn't belongto Aziz. I am having my cook findme a.bedh

I qalam bakl taloq dAra? sar-e shAgerdA dare kbAna-r4 p0k kOnEn

Who does thispen belong to? Have the students clean the classroom.

talog gereftan to come to yAd-e kaa-e dAdan belong to. To remind someone,

arkas mEkhast kE khAna-ra bIglra, amA be U emtehAn-a ba yAd-em dAd. rahlin taloq gereft.

He reminded me about the test, Everyone wanted to take this house,but it came to belong to Rahim (Rahim got it). ma ba yAd-esh dAdom kE ba khAna bora.

I be ki taloq mEglra? I reminded him to go home, Who will this belong to?

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az yAd-e kas raftan cbiz-e ra chi shodan To forget If an object marker is added to the noun, it means that something hasgone wrong. with it, ketAb-e shomAaz yAd-em raft.

rAi10-ra chi shod? I forgot your book. What happened to the radio?

loghathA-e englIsr zUdaz yAd-esh mEra. samEs-ra chi shod? What happened to the bus? He quickly forgets English woes.

- chi kAr shod means the same yad-e kas-e Amadan as the above. To remember

mAshIn-a oh' kAr shod? kiln shod kE yAd-em Amad. What happened to the en

It's good that remembered, az chiz-e bad bordan To dislike puAn kE khAna rasIdorn sawdAkharIdan ba yAd-em Amu]. ma az drOgh goftan besyAr bad rabarom.

Later when I reached home, I remethbered Lreally dislike telling lies. the shopping.

pAr sAl azlz az mAlem-e khod badbori. chIz-e chi shodan This construction is used when 'asking the location of some- Aziz disliked his teacher lastyear. thing you had formerlyseen in one place.

bad-e kas-e Amadan to dislike, ketAb-e ma chi shed? a passive form conjugated with boundpronouns, What happened tomy book?

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yAsin bad=em mEAya. fAsela dAshtan to be a I dislike Ya.sin. certain distance from something,

milzlike besyAr bad-esh Amad. az kAbul ta herAt deo. fAsela dAra?

He disliked Indian music . How far Is it from Kabul to Herat?

zer-e tAslr rattan to be- az pohantUn khAn-e ma oqa fAsela nadAra. come nervous in a situation so that one's abilities are impaired; literally "going under the effect', My house isn't very far from theUniversity, or feeling the pressure,

= Mat gereftan literally this da wakht-e emtehAn shAgerdAzer-o tAslr means to get a habit, but here itmeans getting mEran. used to something,

During the test the students getnervous. awal dais dAdan harem moshkelbUd, a A Ale Adat gereftom. U kE zer-e tAslr raft, chlz=egofta natAnest.

At first teachingwas difficult for me, but now When he became nervous, he couldn't speak, I have gotten used to it,

IthandA-e kas-era kashIdan awal kAbul bad-oh mEAmadlaken Ale Adat To make someone laui . gereft,

rahirn khandA-ema=ra ka.shId. At first he didn't like Kabul, butnow hots gotten used to it, whim made me laugh.

gereftAr shedan to be tied ma khandA-e SliAn.a. kashldom. up; to be occupied,

I made them lau 282 283

I afta da daftar gereftAr shodom. tamAm-e gaphA kharAbas,

This week I have been tiedup at the office. It's all bad,

gereftA ri means things or work majbUr Man to have to do some- that take up one's time andattention, thing; to be obligated,

da daftar emrOz goreftAri-ma besyAr as, ma majbUr astom kE ha kAbul borom0

I have a lot of work at the office today. I have to go to Kabul,

chandAn used as weuse much U majbUr bUd kE UnA-ra btblna. preceded by a negative.

He had to see them. U chandAn Adam nabUd, He wasn't much of a person, mA majbUr nEstEni kE borEtn.

nAn-eshAn chandAn nAn nEs. We don't have to go.

Their food Isn't all that good. kAshkE If only. This is used with the past progressive tense. tamArn used as all, or whole.

kAshkE ma dlrOz mEraftom. tamAm-e shaw mA bEdAr bUdEm.

If only I had gone yesterday. We were awake all night,

kAshkE shomA U-ra namEldlarIdEn. tamAm-e jAn-ema dard mEkona. If only you hadn't bout that My whole body hurts,

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chAy dam kadan to make tea, azlz ba daftar namEAya.U Ech darak nadAra. This literallyiv3ans to brew tea; used often to request tea, Adz doesn't come to theoffice. He'snever around. bar -ema yak ohAy alyAh dam kO.

darak dAshtan can also be used Get me some black tea. as "to have information" about somethingone needs.

azlz bar rnA chAy am dam kad. khAn-e kerAl dankdArEn?

Aziz also got us tea. Do you know of a house forrent?

kojA astEn? A corium Knecht-0 poldita daraknadArEn? greeting. Essentiallymeans, "Where have you been?" Said tosomeone you haven't seen Do you know of any baked bricks?(neg) in awhile.

= jAy ha jAy in place. Can refer shomA koja astEn? to a person's getting settledsomewhere. Where haveyou been.

da yak afta UnA da - darak dAshtan IdiAna-eshAn'jAy ha jAy literally means mEsha. to have a trace, but hasmany different uses.It can be used for peopleone hasn't seen recently. Within a week they will get settledin their house. I rOzhA shomA Ech darakriadArEn.

Can also mean "right there","on the spot", These daysyou haven't been around,

wakiik kE U-ra mOtarzad, jAy ha jAy mord. shomA kojA astEn? Echdarak-e:An nEs.

When the vehicle hit him hedied right there. Where have you been?You're never around.

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bi Dar, this is used often and in ketAb=e khod-a ha senf bEArEn. many different situations.It's meaning varies viith the tituation. Bring your (own) book to class. tile first three examples,khod trans- lates fa Iwttir the subject of the sentence. U kAr=e khod-a namEfama.

A!7:1z rahim-a amrA-e khod ha shefA khAna He doesn't 'mow his (own) work. bed

In the following diverse examples,khod Aztz took Rahirn with him to the hospital. has many different meanings.

ras-ra amrA-e khod ha sertInA na mEbarl? U khAna az Ithod dAsht. He had his own house. Will you takeme to the cinema with you?

mA U-ra badna goftEm, amA U pEsh=e khod ma amakht kamra amrA-e khc1 mEbaroni dega chlz feker kad.

I always carrya camera, with me. We didn't say anything bad abouthim, but he thought somethingelse on hisown. In these next examples, khod shows possession. U khod-a kata kata mEsAza.

assad bacha-e khod=a ha shArbord. He makes himself big (in hisown Imagina ion).

Ass ad took hisson to the city. azlz besyAr gaphAaz khod jOr mEkona.

ma amrA-e galam-e Idled sE bat neweshtcrn Aziz makes up stories. (neweshta kadom).

ma az khod porsAn kadom. I wrote three letters with my (own) pen. I asked myself.

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ma bar -e Ithed goftcm kE BAber kO.

I told myself,'A' alt.

Ti az khod defA kad. He defended blinself.

ma pEsh-e we,dJn-s khod khejAlat shalom,

I was ashamed of myself anfront of nay own conscience).

Rabmat az aq-e khodz Ad gereft.

Rabmat tea than his share.

Ithabar shocU to become aware of an event or some info-rmation.

yak afta bAdma !disbar shodona.

I found ou t a week later.

az arlisI-e azlz Mader shodEn?

Have you found out about Aziz'swedding?

nags literally meansa loss, deficit, or flaw, but it is used in diversesituationso

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.:;ga ma Ira ba ShornA a_ftAd 0 pal rUpa I khAna yak noqs dAra- otAqhA-esh khord as. Etom, nags mEkonorn.

This house has one flaw;its rooms are small. I give this to you for 75, I will takea loss,

kodAm often used assome, referring :ahlm bAyaekel=e Ithod-a dU a.zAr for0kht to sow indefinite quantity, thing,or person, a noqs kad.

atnrA-e ma kodAm chAy namEkhorEn? Rahim sold his bicycle for 2000 andtook a loss. Will you drink some tea withme? (nem

aga shomA angUte nAsho.shta-ra boldiorEn, shomA kodAm sawAl dArEn? barA-e etAn noqs mEkona,

Do you have any questions? If you eat the unwashedgapes, they will cause you trouble ha kandahAr ma kodAm fartnAeshnadArom.

raftan-e ma bar-e ma besyAr noqs kad. I don't need anything in Kandahar.

My going causedme a lot of trouble. kodAm waft da khAn-e raAbEAyEn.

mOtar noqs kad? Come to our house sometime. Whats wrong with the bus(car)?

kodAm shAgerd albataketAb-shomA-ra gereft. I IcAr chi noqs dAra? Whatls wrong with doing this? Most likely some student tookyour book. sAt-e ma noqs dAra. azlz amrA-e rabbi kodAm jAy rafta. There is somethingwrong with my watch.

AzIz went someplace with4tahim.

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kodAm nafar-a mEshnAsEn kEkhAn-e kerAl dAshta bAsha?

Do you bow anyone who hasa house for rent?

I-ra chand mEtI? Although it may seem otherwise, thisquestion means, "How much will you give this for?".This is a common bazaar question.

I qalam-a ohand mEti? How much will you give thispelt for?

a chAynak-a sad rUpa mEtom.

I will give you the.teapot for 100 alsoI will give you 100 for the teapot.

Other variations Includ

dUkEmdAr teka-ra metr-esI rUpa dAd.

The shopkeeper gave tmaterial for 30.

karn namEtl? Won't you iive it for less.

chand kharldl? This means "For how much did you buy ?" but the"for" used in English isn't needed in Dart. 92 293

pErAn-a chand kbarIdi? araq barAmadan said when How such did you buy the shirt for? someone works so hard they sweat, literallyor figuratively. qalam-a chand gereftl? How much did you get thepen for? emrOz Nader kAr kadom) aqhA-em barAmad. qalam-a chel rUpa gereftom.

I worked extremely hard today. I got the pen for forty,

rasAndan version of verb rasldan, bUt-a chand kharld? but used transitively. How much did he buy the shoes for?

khat-e shomA-ra ba khAneshmErasAnom. bUt-tSij sad khar Id. He bought the shoes for 500, I will get your letter to his house.

mEz-a chand jor kadl? saruEs mA-ra sAt-e dU baja da kAbulra.sAnd. For how much didyou have the table made?

The bus got us to Kabul at200. mEz-a sE sad jot kadom. I had the table made for 300. = ear del-e kas-e rekttan said when someone is bored by longor re- araqA- e kas-e kashIdan petitive talking. To make someone sweat, literallyor figuratively. qesa-e rahlm sar-e del-em mAlem ba mA eqada.r data dAd,araqhA mA-ra kashid. Rahimls story boredme to tears.

The teacher tauitus so much we sweated.

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gaphA-eshAn sar-e del-e mArEIC = sar garml entertainment, or leisure activities. Their talk bored me to tears.

az taraf-e thaw chi par gum! dArEn? khAna port kadan to fill out forms. What do you have to do at night?.

I forma-ra khAna port kiNEn. maza-e kas-e nabUdan This is said aboutsomeone who isn't ,fun to Fill out this form, be around.

ma qa.blan U-ra khAna port kadom. U Ech shakalyat nadAraimaza-esh nEs.

I already filled that out. He doesn't haveany personality. He'sa drag.

kas-e ra sardard sAkhtan sar=e kas-e chapa shodan to give someone a headache. to get a headache.

dlrOz shAgerdAina-ra sarlard sAkhtan. emrOz ma besyAr kAr kadom,sar-em chaps shod. Yesterday the studentsgave me a headache. I worked very hard today. Igot a headache.

ma-ra sardartl nasAzEn. Can also be used transitivelywith kadan. Don't give mea headache.

kAr emr02 sar-ema-ra chapa. kad. sar-e kas-e garm to be high on thugs. Work gave inea headachetoday.

dlshaw kE aziz Amad sar-esh gars bud. sar-e kas-e dor klonian to have a spinning head. Last night when Azlzcame, he was high.

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emrOz sar-e ma dawr mEkhora. ba shomA rabt nadAra

This means "What's it toyo ,but it is more Today my head is spinning. polite than "ba tU chP' Trans- lated literally it means, "It doesn'thave any awqAt talkhl bitchiness. connection (relation) to you." When someone always finds faultin someone's work in an unpleasantway. bE shak without doubt. Far out.

azlz da. khAna besyAr awqAt talkhl mEkona. mad chi khUbrags mEkona. bE shak.

Aziz is always finding faultwith his family's How well Assad dances! Farout! work.

jalAb a pest, always bothering da namad mUl pAlldan people. named = felt; mUf = hair; nit picking; when one always finds fault with anwar jalAb as. ChEqa gap mEzana! something, no matter how perfectit is.

Anwar is a pest.He never stops talking. tU cherA arwakht da namedmUI mEpAlI?

bUt pAk a flatterer, someone who Why are you always nitpicking? plays up to others in orderto get ahead.

- ma-ra tEr "I pass" ; used both Zayd bUt pAk as. ha mOdir sAhebarwakht in cards and in other situations where one bUt pAki mEkona. doesn't want to be involved in thegoings on.

Zayd' is a flatterer. Heis always flattering shomA kandahAr mErEn ?ma-ra tEr the principal (director).

You're going to Kandahar?I pass. chApalUs (flatterer) and chApalUsi kadan (to flatte ) can also be used.

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zoq zoq kadan to be a pest; to repeat informatton one already Imows.

sAheb-e kILAna, rAje ba kerA-e khAnaamesha. zoq zoq mEkona.

The landlord is always makIng noise about the rent.

- nog zadan to pester

RahIm ma -ra dait niunEmAna. U amoeba nog mEzana.

Rahim never lets me work. He isalways bothering me about one thingor =other. del-e kas-e shodanj Man A more passiveway of stating the desire to do something.

del-em as kE mazAr borom.

I have the urge to go to Mazar.

UcherA raftalbata del-esh shod.

Why did he go? Most likely he feltan urge. Ech del-em namEsha. I have no urge.I don't want to.

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Also used this way: wakht-e k ra zAEh kadan del-etAn literally, to ruin or waste someone's time. Anything you want (it's up to you) Often said in politeness toassure someone you don't wish to waste their time. slyAsat kadan slyAsat moans politics, but here itmeans to intimidate others rant wakht-e ma-ra zAEh kad, by showing one's strengt, realor not.

Rahka wasted my time, modIr sari shAgerdA hesyAz slyAsat

mEkona. wakbt-e shomA-ra zAEhna mEkotEm?

The principal intimidates the students We aren't wasting your time, are we?

sari ma slyAsat nak0. tamAs gereftan to get in touch with. Used with amrA-e Don't try to intimidate me.

dirOz amrA-e rahlm tamAs gereftom. - hari-e kas-e ra gereftan to interrupt, I got in touch with llahim yesterday.

adz harf-ma-ra gereft. sAt-e dU baja ainrA-ema tamAs begIrEn.

Aziz interrupted me. Get in touch withme at 2:00,

hark rahlm-ana rEn1 tamAs dAshtan is also common.

Don't interrupt Rahlm, arrOz amrA-e UnA tamAs dArEin.

This patteri can also he used with wakht We are in touch with them eveiyday and jAy ,,for taking someone's time and plaee,

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telephOrd an adjective meaning blyA kE chand daga daid-del konEm. by telephone.

Let's talk fora minute about the bad things U-ra nadidom amA amrA-e esh telephOJgap that have happened tous since we last saw zadom. each other.

I didn't see him, but I talked to him by tel - bIyA kE borEm Let's go. phone,

aga rola mErEn, blyA kE borEm. raft 0 Amad to have social com- ings and goings withsomeone. if you are going to Manx, let'sgo.

ma amrA-e asad raft 0 Atnad darom. blyA kE nAn boldiorEm. Let's eat. Assad and I are friends.

001 means nearly; in this da jAn-e kas-e zadan construction it means something that nearlyhap- This means to take advantage of someone in pened. Always used with the past perfect, the guise of friendship.

garb ma-ra mOta.r zeds Mid. U nafar besyAr slyAnaas. That person takes advantage of his friends. The bus (car, vehicle) neat hitm:

- rend means the same thing. garb ma da emtehAn nAkAm shodabUdom,

dard-e del kadan This means I nearly failed the teat. to unburden oneself of the bad thingsthat have happened in one's life by talking about them. da rAh chand dafa cid° aftida bUdom. One generally does this withsomeone whom one has not seen in awhile. On the way I nearly fell several times.

304 303 del'e kas-e ba tang Amadan to be restless in something; feel trapped.

az I kAr del-e ma ba. tang. Amad.

I feel trapped and restless in this work.

rag zadan to urinate, polite form.

U bar-e rag zadan rafta.

He's gone to the bathroom.

zor-e kas-e narasIdan zOr means strength, but here it means financial strength; to be unable to afford something.

zor-e ma ba mOtar namErasa.

I can't afford a car.

zor-ema ti sad rUpa. namErasa. Aga aftad bEtEn, mEglrom.

I can't afford (to give) 100 afa.If you give it for 701 will take it.

bAz when used as a. suffix, this means someone who is an enthusiast

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kdtar bAz pigeon fancier rahlni-a gOsha kadornVia bar pie esh gap-e shoraA-ra goftom. kawk bAz a person who takes care of partridges to enter them in bird I got Rahim alone and told himwhat you said, fights,

kAJA-e shalthal literally "per- oink bAz gambler sonal clothes";means clothes one wears after work, Is perm and tambon. morgh bAz chicken fancier; fighting chickens, generally, derIshI kadan to weara suit.

sag bAz dog fancier (fighting) wa1cht-i5kEAM ha niaktab mEra, U derlshl mEkona. hod bAz quail fancier

When Azam goes to school hewears a, Nita bacha bAz homosexual

kalAnkAr means "big work"; zanaka bAz adulterer someone who is self-important, who thLnks heis bigger than he really is. gol bAz someone who keeps kalAnkArl is whata kalAnkAr flowers. does.'

assad kalAnkAras.arwakht kalAnkArl - bAzi following any of the above expressions mEkona. means what that individual does,

Assad thinks he is biggerthan he really is. Is qemAr bAd 2gambling

khosh khat someone who has good gOsha means secluded place, but handwriting. here it Is used whena person corners someone to tell him something.

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khat-e haflz-a dldEn? U besyAr khosh khat daoud bacha-e nanaas.

Did you see Hanes handwriting?He has a Dad is a mama's boy, good hEmdwriting.

lekchar a man who is always khosh AwAz someone who has a talking, and with the highertones of a woman's good voice. voice.

Aref khosh AwAzaa, besyAr khlib mEkhAna. Omar cheqa gap mEzana! U lekohoras.

Aref has a good voice1 Be sings very well, How much Omar talks! He is

dew zadan to curse someone BIA s ar refers to females in to his or her face; usually takesthe form of a public places. Used inrequesting separate verbal attack on the femalehembers of one's seating ond services. family.

jAy barA-e slAsar dArEn? sAdeq Ebraham-a daw zad.

Do you have a place for women? sAdeq cursed Abraham.

Unja nashinEn. U jAy-e slAsaras. bachAy-e Hord amEsha yak-6dega-ra daw mEzana. Don't sit there. That place is forwomen.

The little boys are always cursing each ma am slAsar dArom. other,

I have women with mei I need a separate = bacha-e nana someone unable place.) to take care of himself; mama's boy.

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- used to"Used to" is expressed inDart by using the past progressivetense,

mA arrOz ba bAgh mEraftEm.

We used to go to the gardenevelyday.

U da kArt-e sE zendagl mEkad,taken Ale da shar-e nawas.

He used to live in Kerte Se, butnow he is in Tart Nan.

gmat-e gOsbt-e gosfand penjA 0. panj taBbildf ataA Alet\. ziyAd shoda.

Lamb used to cost 55,6 kilo, butnow It had increased.

310 Words Without Translations

bokhArl any sort of stove used for heating; includescar heaters.

bokhArl bug electric heater.

sandalf device for heatinga room; is essentially a table, underneathwhich hot coals are placed. A quilt is put over the top of the table, draping downto the floor, and people sit around the table, partly underthe quilt.

- chapAn long, often multi-colored robe, sometimes filled withcotton, worn mainly in the north,

roqa excuse note sent to cover one's Bence from either school or job.

anborl opening under compound wall through which water flows.

jul ditch, usually carries water;also means just about any tream short ofa good sized river,

khUm large clay vessel used to settle the silt and impurities outof water.

tOshak large pillow for sitting.

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pErhan 0 tombon Afghan segreti means both a person who pants and shirt. smokes cigarettes Ed a cigarette which has been emptied and filled with hash. = A1A-e shakhsl peran and tambon; clothes worn outside of work. Azerl or ketAb=e Azar' the attendance book present in all institutions. = klInar person who collects money on the bus, and who is the driver's assistant. - ciayd term used to designate the line drawn across the squares in the AzerI to in- mAmUr literally metes clerk, but dicate that the person is absent; also,any place applicable to any government functionaryup to where a line or mark is drawn to prevent further governor. waiting.

mAnairin plural of mAmlir - gAdi horse drawn carriage.

= chAderl complete veil worn by karachI cart pulled by men for trans- women. porting goods; can also be horse drawn.

aftAwa 0 dart BIM or - gAdlwAn man who drives a gAdI. aftAwa lagan pitcher and basin used to wash one's hands beforea. meal in the karachlwAn man who pulls a home. karachi.

- slAsar means females in the con kabAb r ted meat on skewers. text of public places.

kabAbl means both the shop where ezer band or band-e tornbon,the kabAb is cooked, and the man who cooks it. cloth "belt" used in Afghan pants.

locima the amount of rice one can pick charsl a person who smokes hash. up with one hand; ie, one handful of rice.

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manzel formerly the distanceone tra- velled in one day; thus, the distancefrom one car- avanserai to the next. This termis still used by drivers, although that distanceis now covered in hours or minutes, manzel kadan is the actual travel- ling; being in motion fromone place to another.

= rEsh saffd literally means lwhite beard, but isa term of respect meaning an elder; an old man.

taraqi tahlim the ledger found in classrooms where the teachermust write what material he has covered, studentsabsent, home- work, etc.

shoo the grade sheet the teacher fills out for each class,

kajAwa the baskets (not bags) used to transport thingson donkeys.

dUll a box with handles used for car bricks.

zanbel a basket with handles (4), used for car _g fruit or dirt; wielded by twomen,

ahwAl porsl the long initial greeting; ahwAl porsi kadan to greet,

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Grammatical Terms adverb of place qayd-e 'nal& (mainly useful to language teachers)

adverb of time qayd-e zamAn noun earn

adverb ofmanner qayd-e hAlat verb f71

preposition harf-e rabt adjective sefat

sentence jomla subject Mel du question sawAl pronoun zamIr

command fEl-e arnrya infinitive masdar

singular mofrad participle hAlat-e sEyom JL

plural jam object matill

positive mosbat L possessive pronoun zamIr-e molid

negative J-14.re-a manfl possessive adjective sefat-e shaithel passive majUl

active milk main verb fEl-e sail L,J.41

present(general) hAl helping verb EI-e kom mAwEn-e fEl j4 LA.4 past gozashta adverb qayd future Ayenda

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simple present hAle sAda dsiL. J dictation emiA

present progressive hAl-e jArI punctuation alAma gozArI

simple pastrdzi sAda capital letter harf-e kalAn

past progressive rnAzi jAr tieL small letter harf-e herd

present perfect mAzi qarlbL,,,i) comma kAma

past perfect mMI hard period noqta

future esteqbAl (Ayenda) question mark nAkhona

ransitive !El-8 lAzerni (fi parenthesis qaws

intransitive fEl-e gilayr-e lAzeml

Useful sentences and phrases:

direct speech goftAr-e mostagra Make this sentencea question, tkat In jomla=ra sawAlyhesAzEd.

41'; t/j4 I indirect speech goftAr-e iayni mostaqh

)1:1 Make these sentences negative. In jomlAt-ra manfi besAzEd. phrase faqara tse..1 paragraph paragrAf 11.# Change this sto-ry to the pttense, in qesa-ra ha zareAn-e gozashtatotal k nEd. grammar grAmar titki4; 4.4 014'

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