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Human Rights, Religious Freedom and Faces of Faith Human rights, religious freedom and faces of faith This page was generated automatically upon download from the Globethics.net Library. More information on Globethics.net see https://www.globethics.net. Data and content policy of Globethics.net Library repository see https:// repository.globethics.net/pages/policy Item Type Book Publisher Globethics.net; Conference of European Churches (CEC) Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date 03/10/2021 11:48:03 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12424/3863418 CEC 6 Human Rights, Religious Freedom and Faces of Faith Göran Gunner, Pamela Slotte, Elizabeta Kitanović (Editors) Human Rights, Religious Freedom and Faces of Faith Human Rights, Religious Freedom and Faces of Faith Göran Gunner, Pamela Slotte and Elizabeta Kitanović (Editors) Globethics.net CEC No. 6 Edition CEC at Globethics.net Director: Prof. Dr Obiora Francis Ike. Executive Director of Globethics.net Series Editor: Rev. Christian Krieger, President of the Conference of European Churches Globethics.net CEC 6 Göran Gunner, Pamela Slotte and Elizabeta Kitanović (Eds.), Human Rights, Religious Freedom and Faces of Faith Geneva: Globethics.net, 2019 ISBN 978-2-88931-321-1 (online version) ISBN 978-2-88931-322-8 (print version) © 2019 Globethics.net Managing Editor: Dr Ignace Haaz, Assistant Editor: Mr Samuel Davies Cover image: © Albin Hillert/World Council of Churches, used with permission. Globethics.net Conference of European Churches International Secretariat (CEC) 150 route de Ferney Ecumenical Centre 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Rue Joseph II, 174 Website: www.globethics.net/ 1000 Brussels, Belgium publications Website www.ceceurope.org Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] All web links in this text have been verified as of October 2019. The electronic version of this book can be downloaded for free from the Globethics.net website: www.globethics.net. The electronic version of this book is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY- NC-ND 4.0). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. This means that Globethics.net grants the right to download and print the electronic version, to distribute and to transmit the work for free, under the following conditions: Attribution: The user must attribute the bibliographical data as mentioned above and must make clear the license terms of this work; Non- commercial. The user may not use this work for commercial purposes or sell it; No derivative works: The user may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. Globethics.net retains the right to waive any of the above conditions, especially for reprint and sale in other continents and languages. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations ...................................................................... 9 PART I Religious Freedom and Faces of Faith Introduction ...................................................................... 13 Göran Gunner, Pamela Slotte and Elizabeta Kitanović 1 The Rights of Religious Minorities .............................. 29 Göran Gunner and Pamela Slotte PART II Freedom of Religion or Belief within Europe 2 United Kingdom............................................................. 51 Mark Hill QC 3 Montenegro .................................................................... 59 Nikifor Milovic 4 Belarus ............................................................................ 67 Natallia Vasilevich 5 Estonia ............................................................................ 83 Merilin Kiviorg 6 Norway ........................................................................... 91 Gunnar Heiene 7 France ........................................................................... 101 Frédéric Rognon 8 Italy ............................................................................... 109 Peter Ciaccio 9 Cyprus ........................................................................... 119 Achilles C. Emilianides 10 Turkey ........................................................................ 127 Yiannis Ktistakis PART III Freedom of Religion or Belief Outside of Europe 11 Iraq .............................................................................. 137 Willy Fautré 12 Syria ............................................................................ 147 Willy Fautré 13 Pakistan ...................................................................... 153 Göran Gunner 14 India ............................................................................ 163 Roger Gaikwad and Samuel Jayakumar 15 Egypt ........................................................................... 173 Christian Solidarity Worldwide 16 Nigeria ....................................................................... 181 Khataza H. Gondwe PART IV Specific Human Rights 17 The Rights of Women ............................................... 191 Eleni Kasselouri-Hatzivassiliadi 18 The Rights of Prisoners ............................................. 209 Part I – Bill J.W. Cave; Part II – Alexander Funsch 19 The Rights of Persons with Disabilities ................... 229 Part I – Ingrid Svensson; Part II – Arne Fritzson 20 The Rights of Indigenous People ............................. 251 Gerard Willemsen Contributors .................................................................... 269 ABBREVIATIONS ACHPR African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights ACN Aid to the Church in Need CEC Conference of European Churches CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CPT Committee for the Prevention of Torture CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child CRPD Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities CSW Christian Solidarity Worldwide ECHR European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ECOSOC Economic and Social Council ECtHR European Court of Human Rights EPR European Prison Rules EU European Union FoRB Freedom of Religion or Belief ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICESC International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICPD International Conference on Population and Development ILO International Labour Organization IYDP International Year of Disabled Persons LGBT Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender LLSRC Law on the Legal Position of Religious Communities (Montenegro) MR Mandela Rules 10 Human Rights, Religious Freedom and Faces of Faith NCM The National Commission for Minorities (India) NGO Non-governmental organization NRHC The National Human Rights Commission (India) OAS Organization of American States ODIHR Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights UN United Nations UNDRIP UN Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples UNPFII United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues UPR UN Universal Periodic Review WCC World Council of Churches PART I RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND FACES OF FAITH INTRODUCTION HUMAN RIGHTS, FREEDOM OF RELIGION OR BELIEF, AND THE CHURCH Göran Gunner, Pamela Slotte and Elizabeta Kitanović Introduction The Conference of European Churches (CEC) has a long-standing record of promoting human rights.1 A milestone was the 2012 publishing of the human rights manual European Churches Engaging in Human Rights.2 A special working group on human rights and freedom of religion or belief has been set up. Several seminars and consultations have taken place in order to highlight human rights and freedom of religion or belief including “Religious freedom and cultural heritage in Cyprus: Working for unity in a divided land” (2015), “Advancing Freedom of Religion or Belief for 1 For details see Rüdiger Noll and Elizabeta Kitanović, “Preface” in European churches engaging in human rights, edited by Elizabeta Kitanović. Bruxelles: Church and Society Commission of CEC 2012, 5-7. 2 See http://www.ceceurope.org/human-rights/education/ [accessed 15 Dec. 2017]. 14 Human Rights, Religious Freedom and Faces of Faith All”3 (2015), “Consultation on Religious Minorities as Part of Culturally Diverse Societies” (2016), and “Protection of Holy Sites and Worship Places in Europe and the Middle East in Cyprus” (2017) and “Towards Peaceful Coexistence in the Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities” (2018). Of special importance has been the establishment of the Summer School on Human Rights with a different focus each year: “Churches’ Voice on Human Rights – Training on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights in the Euromediterranean Region” (2013), “Advancing Freedom of Religion or Belief for All” (2014), “Churches address anti- discrimination” (2015), “Stand Up for Women and Children’s Rights” (2016) and “Rights under Threats – Stand Up for Refugees’ and Migrants’ Rights” (2017). The Summer School 2018 dealt specifically with “Freedom of Religion or Belief and Populism”. The present manual – Human Rights, Religious Freedom and Faces of Faith – is part of the ongoing work done by CEC Member Churches to advocate for the promotion and protection of human rights at the highest standards inside Europe and beyond its borders. The manual has been divided into four parts that each cover specific aspects of human rights and freedom of religion or belief. PART I relates closely to issues connected to freedom of religion or belief and consists
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