Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 2458-9403 Vol. 3 Issue 3, March - 2016 Revitalization of Railway Lines 9 and 10 of the CPTM, in São Paulo, Brazil Carlos Alberto Requeña Dr.Roberto Righi Master’s degree in Architecture at Mackenzie Architecture and Urbanism Full Professor at Presbyterian University – UPM, and Mackenzie Presbyterian University Railways Supervisor at CPTM. São Paulo - Brazil São Paulo – Brazil [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—This paper deals with a comparative municipalities neighboring the city of São Paulo. In study of two cases of railway revitalization in these lines there are 92 stations where board every Lines 9 and 10 to CPTM (São Paulo Metropolitan day about 2.8 million passengers. [2] Train Company), from priority condition of cargo transportation for the nearly exclusive passenger transport, in various stages of deployment in Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (RMSP). Keywords; transportatin planning, urban planning; suburban rail; light rail; urban mobility; intermodal integration; railway revitalization; I. INTRODUCTION The RMSP is the largest urban center in the southern hemisphere and one of the world's largest. There are in this territory of 8,047 square kilometers, about 19.7 million people, representing 10% of Brazil's population [1]. Low quality and capacity of the mass public transport caused an increase in the use of private vehicles by pressing the road system and resulting in traffic jam. It is being made the revitalize the old rail transport charges for the exclusive transport of passengers in order to meet the population's mobility needs. But the pace of these adjustments shown unbalanced, having already fully modernized systems, while others are still operating on obsolete parameters. The Line 9, modernized initially took to increase the number of passengers carried, resulting in a long period of inactivity and low utilization of installed systems. The Line 10 will still be revitalized because their performance is limited by it`s obsolete operating characteristics. Therefore, the Figure 1 - São Paulo Municipality with Line 9 (red) and Line 10 experience gained by CPTM on Line 9 will be (blue) - source: Google Earth important to the success of this venture. The Line 9 is in the process of conclusion in its II. TWO DIFFERENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT revitalization, which started in the late 1970’s, and its The Lines 9 - Esmeralda and 10 - Turquoise, last phase with delivery scheduled by the end of 2017 makes up part of the railway system for passengers in [4]. Unfortunately there was a gap in the works of the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo and is operated by improvement, with almost standstill between the the São Paulo Metropolitan Train Company (CPTM). In 1980s and 1990s that caused delays in completion. Fig. 1, Line 9 is represented in red color while the Line The current phase of the revitalization was taken by 10 is shown in blue. CPTM in the late 1990’s and upon completion, will have the length 36.3 km and a total of 20 filling The CPTM is a state-owned company, established stations. The average daily number of serviced in 1994 and which has the state of São Paulo as its passengers is currently 570,310.[3] (base 2015) main shareholder. It was formed by the meeting of Source: CPTM several freight railways, built from the mid-nineteenth century to link the areas of agricultural production to The Line 10 is paralyzed with its redeveloped still at the Port of Santos, the chief of Brazil. The range of an early stage. Currently 34.96 km and 13 stations lines operated by CPTM is 260.8 km, serving 22 recently reduced its length of 2.2 kilometers, not www.jmest.org JMESTN42351479 4381 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 2458-9403 Vol. 3 Issue 3, March - 2016 following up the Luz Station, the main railway system quarters of various standards in addition to the of. Still, this line carries an average of 348,268 industrial areas closer to the railroad. passengers daily. In the improvement plan prepared In the City of São Paulo, nearby train edge to the by CPTM there are three more stations to be built on line 10 is far from the city center and has wide area of Line 10, as well as several modernizations in control great extension in disuse, although a still intense and power systems. But there has not been progress. industrial occupation, with timid urban changes being III. URBAN INSECTION OF LINES 9 AND 10 TO CPTM initiated as construction residential projects The Lines 9 and 10 of CPTM, make up this analysis by the different stages of its modernization process and also serve two very different areas of the metropolis of São Paulo that have developed in different economic times. Both lines had their origin in the need to link the region of the city of São Paulo to the Port of Santos and also served as the axis of development throughout the twentieth century, during the intense process of São Paluo industrialization in São Paulo. Beside both lines were built several industrial parks, but in Line 10 industries took more intensely its proximity to the railroad, and built many industrial branches The industrial boom occurred along the Line 9 is more recent, with companies that have not adopted S. Caetano the railway as their primary means of disposal and acquisition of inputs, making this more free line for direct cargo transport between São Paulo and Santos. Also the concentration of industries in industrial parks left gaps along the line, a different effect continuous area industry load on line 10, as shown by white spots St. André in Fig.2. LINE 10 Mauá Rib. Pires LINE 9 R. G. Serra Figure 3 - Cities served by Line 10, its industrial areas (in brown) and its downtown areas (in blue ) source : Google Earth Figure 2 - Lines 9 and 10 fo CPTM and industrial areas (in brown color) attended – source: Google Earth Already the region served by Line 9 has undergone a profound process of economic development, driven These differences in industrial occupation along by the settlement of the share of the population with these two lines contributed to the kind of urbanization higher income. that occurred adjacent to the railroad edge. The Line 10 runs through six different municipalities, and in The distribution of social classes by the city of São each there are central areas, characterized by the Paulo during the twentieth century was not concentration of trade and services, residential homogeneous [4], and the concentration of the portion of higher income population moving from the city www.jmest.org JMESTN42351479 4382 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) ISSN: 2458-9403 Vol. 3 Issue 3, March - 2016 center to the southwest portion where It is located on passengers transported per year from 1997 to 2015 for Line 9. all six lines of the CPTM. The Line 9 of the last position in performance for the busiest second today. The urbanization for the elite began to the north, next to the Luz station, but epidemics of the late What is observed is that when you start the nineteenth century changed the direction of construction of new stations in 1997, CPTM took to urbanization, away from the floodplains of ascertain results in line 9. These stations were opened Tamanduatei and Tiete rivers and directing it to the during the year 2001 and despite make provision high and healthy lands located southwest of the central immediate increase in the number of passengers area, with new roads formed the second best urban carried, not They provoked the expected effect. standards. After located on the ridge of the Paulista elite descended the Jardim America and Jardim Europa, on the right side of the Pinheiros River, where is the line 9 of the CPTM. It is important to understand that the elite location for the evaluation of the activities location patterns in the city in developing countries is explained by the large share of participation of this segment in the composition of aggregate demand consumption and its political importance in the location of companies private (industrial, commercial and services) and institutional facilities of State [5] With the advent of the "Urban Operation" in 1995, Figure 5 - The number of passengers transported by de in the area of Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, progression mesh CPTM - In evidence Line 9 [7] sponsored by the municipal government, it was In the same graph in Fig. there is little growth from consolidated the development process of the region of 2001 in the number of passengers remained virtually São Paulo by offering better use of the land upon stagnant until 2005 when resumes growth trajectory payment of fees to be specifically aimed at equivalent to the other lines of the CPTM. improvements in the region. The extension of Line 9 to Grajaú Station, located Such improvements, primarily applied in the road of in a densely populated neighborhood in the south of the region have increased the attractiveness of the São Paulo, incorporated a large number of passengers region mainly for commercial enterprises, as shown in from April 2008, as shown in the graph of Figure 5. the table in Fig. 4. This process also consolidated for the Line 9 pendulous movement profile passenger, observed in other lines of CPTM, leading people from sleeping quarters to their workplaces in areas whose development was driven by the Urban Operation Syndicated Faria Lima. Figure 4 – Additional construction stocks were consumed in Dec/2015.[6] These numbers illustrate the preference of the real estate market by using the additional construction in the most heated demand developments such as malls and commercial / office buildings.